CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Tense
Tense shows time and the extent of the work.
Types of Tense
Present Tense Simple Present Tense
When the work or its extent seems indefinite/uncertain then it is simple present,
e.g.
- She reads a book.
- We play chess.
In the above two sentences, extent of work is uncertain because we do not have any idea that how much of the book has been read or when the game finishes.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + V1 / V1 + s/es + Object
Negative: Subject + do/does + not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: do/does + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Uses of Simple Present Tense
- To show a habit or a routine activity.
e.g. (i) I read newspaper daily. (Habit)
(ii) She goes to office at 9 am. (Routine) - To show a universal truth or general truth.
e.g. (i) The Sun rises in the East. (Universal truth)
(ii) Delhi is the capital of India. (General truth) - To write imperative sentences.
e.g. (i) Feed the cattle.
(ii) Do not be so unkind. - To show running commentary.
e.g. (i) Sachin bats for India against the Australia.
(ii) The footballer comes fast, kicks the ball and
it’s a goal.
Present Continuous Tense
When the action is going on at the time of speaking then it is in present continuous,
e.g.
- Radha is dancing in the hall.
- Leader is delivering the speech.
In the above sentences, the act of dancing and delivering are going on at the moment. Hence, the two sentences are in present continuous tense.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are+V1 + ing+ Object
Negative: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + Object
Interrogative: is/am/are + Subject + V1 + ing + Object + ?
Note:
Is — He, she, it, singular nouns
Am — I
Are — We, you, they, plural nouns
Uses of Present Continuous Tense
- To show a habit or a custom.
e.g. (i) She is doing her job well. (Habit)
(ii) India is suffering from the evils of dowry. (Custom) - To show a transitory/temporary situation.
e.g. (i) Mamta is washing the dishes.
(ii) Sarala is cooking beans. - To show an action that is going on at the time of speaking.
e.g. (i) He is reading a good story now.
(ii) Maya is jumping in the garden. - To show an action that will take place in the near future.
e.g. (i) PM is visiting Nepal the next week.
(ii) I am going to my village on Monday.
Present Perfect Tense
If the work has been completed, but it is not very long time to its completion, then present perfect tense is used,
e.g.
- Mukesh has returned from the office.
- We have developed a new method.
In the above sentences, the two work has just completed. So, they are in present perfect tense.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
Negative: Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Has/have + Subject + V3 + Object + ?
Note:
Has — He, she, it, singular nouns
Have — I, we, you, they, plural nouns
Uses of Present Perfect Tense
- To show an action that has been completed.
e.g. (i) We have taken our meal.
(ii) They have left no work. - To show an experience of the past.
e.g. (i) We have gone to Manali thrice.
(ii) Dowry has taken the lives of many. - To show an action that was going on in the past and still going on.
e.g. (i) I have lived here for a year.
(ii) She has known the poet for two years.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
If the work has initiated in the past, presently it is going on and will continue a bit longer from now, then the sentence is in present perfect continuous tense,
e.g.
- I have been doing grammar since January.
- We have been playing cricket for an hour.
In the above sentences, the actions of doing and playing have started in the past, they are still going on in the present. Therefore, these are present perfect continuous.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + has/have + been + V1+ ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Negative: Subject + has/have + not + been + V1+ ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Interrogative: Has/ Have + subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion + ?
Ues of Present perfect Continuous Tense
To show an action that has started in the past and still going on which will end in the near or later future.
e.g.
- Mayank has been singing a song since,8 o’clock.
- Radha has been listening to music for 3 hours.
Past Tense
Simple Past Tense
Work that is finished in the past and there is a complete indication of the time like yesterday, never, last, ago, 1947, yesternight etc. e.g.
- I went to park yesterday.
- She did the work last week.
In the above two sentences, the work has ended in the past and there is a reference of time with the completion. So, these two are in the simple past tense.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + V2 + Object
Negative: Subject + did + not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: Did + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Use of Simple Past Tense
- To show a habit in the past.
(i) India always supported the peace.
(ii) Buddha always preached the wisdom. - To show an action that took place in the past.
(i) India won the match yesterday.
(ii) She took her first music class last day.
Past Continuous Tense
If the work was continued in the past then it is in past continuous tense.
e.g.
- Mayuri was dancing in the party.
- The leaders were quarrelling in the Parliament.
In the above two sentences the action of dancing and quarrelling were going on in the past.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing+Object
Negative: Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing + Object
Interrogative: was/were + subject + V1 + ing+Object
Note: Was I, he, she, it, singular nouns Were We, you, they, plural nouns
Uses of Past Continuous Tense
- To show an action continued in the past.
e.g. (i) They were ringing the phone continuously,
(ii) She was taking things from her brother.
Past Perfect Tense
Actions which were finished in the past before the start of any other work in the past,
e.g.
- Seema had left for Jaipur.
- Madhu had developed the method.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + had + V3 + Object
Negative: Subject + did + not + V3 + Object
Interrogative: Did + Subject + V3 + Object + ?
Uses of Past Perfect Tense
- When two actions in past took place one after another, then the first action is said in past perfect tense and the second action in simple past tense.
e.g. (i) I reached the place after he had left.
(ii) She had seen me before she called me. - To show an action of remote past.
e.g. (i) Einstein had died after the world war.
(ii) She had done all good in her childhood.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
If an action started in the past, continued in the past and then gets done in the past then it is in past perfect continuous tense.
e.g.
- Seema had been collecting seeds of flowers for
the whole day when I went to her. - Kapil Dev had been playing for India for many years when my father met him.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject+had+been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Negative: Subject + had + not + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion + ?
Future Tense
Simple Future Tense
The work that has been scheduled in the future to take place is called simple future,
e.g.
- We shall play a game.
- You will read a poem.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + V1 + Object
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + V1 + Object
Interrogative: Shall/will + Subject + V1 + Object + ?
Note:
Shall — I, we, they, plural nouns
Will — You, he, she, it, singular nouns
However ‘will’ can be used with every subject since the use of ‘shall’ has become outdated now.
Uses of Simple Future
- To show an action that is scheduled in the near future.
e.g. (i) She will go to school tomorrow.
(ii) I shall come to office next week. - To show a strong possibility.
e.g. (i) Mr Kapoor will win the election.
(ii) His hard work will pay him off.
Future Continuous Tense
A work that will be going on at some specified time in the future is said to be in future continuous tense,
e.g.
- It will be raining in September.
- We shall be playing tomorrow morning.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + be + V1 + ing + Object
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + be + V1 + ing + Object
Interrogative: shall/will + Subject + Be + V1 + ing + Object + ?
Note:
Shall — I, we, they, plural nouns
Will — He, she, it, you, singular nouns
Uses of Future Continuous Tense
- To show an action that will be going on in the future at a certain point of time.
e.g. (i) She will be playing tomorrow morning.
(ii) Raman and Suman shall be playing games in their house. - It is also used for actions taking place in near future the same way as simple future tense is used.
Future Perfect Tense
Action that would be completed upto a certain point of time in the future is of future perfect tense.
e.g.
- She will have completed her graduation by 2017.
- I shall have finished my work by 3 o’clock.
- We shall have brought the black money back upto 2019.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject+shall/will + have+ V3 + Object
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + have + V3 + Object
Interrogative: shall/Will + Subject + have + V3 + Object + ?
Uses of Future Perfect Tense
To show an action that will be completed in future at a certain point of time.
e.g.
- They shall have prepared all the charts for the meeting.
- Leader will have delivered the speech in the peace summit.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
When an action that will start in future and will last for a certain period in future, then it is of future perfect continuous tense.
e.g.
- Sagar will have been arranging all his books on shelf since morning tomorrow.
- You will have been doing your sums for three hours tomorrow.
Structure
Affirmative: Subject + shall/will + have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time denotion
Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + have + been+V1 + ing+Object + since/for+time denotion
Interrogative: Shall/will + subject + have + been + V1 + ing+Object+since/for+time denotion + ?
Uses of Future Perfect Continuous Tense
To show an action that will start in future and will be going on in future and is scheduled to end at some point in the future.
e.g.
- Vaibhav will have been playing cricket in the ground for three hours.
- They shall have been making fun of the poor boy since his arrival there.
Practice Questions and Solutions
Question 1:
Fill in the blanks with either first form (V1) or (V1 + s/es) of the verbs.
- She ……………. on the ground. (Jump)
- We ……………. cricket daily. (Play)
- Phone ……………. loudly in the hall. (Ring)
- You ……………. to the park often. (Go)
- Hard work ……………. in the long-run. (Pay)
Solution:
- jumps
- Play
- rings
- go
- pays
Question 2:
Fill in the blanks with ‘do’ or ‘does’.
- ……………. we play often?
- ……………. the farmer work hard?
- She ……………. not pay attention to studies.
- I ……………. not hurt anybody.
- ……………. they love us?
Solution:
- Do
- Does
- does
- do
- Do
Question 3:
Fill in the blanks with is/am/are and using the correct form of verb given in bracket.
- I ……………. not ……………. a letter these days. (Write)
- ……………. we ……………. noodles now? (Eat)
- You ……………. not ……………. the book properly. (Read)
- He ……………. a poem to please me. (Write)
- ……………. she ……………. to make a practice? (Dance)
Solution:
- am, writing
- Are, eating
- are, reading
- is, writing
- is, dancing
Question 4:
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate option from the following.
- Vaibhav is looking for a job …………….
(a) yesterday (b) these days
(c) next year (d) at 8 pm - Sarita has been watching TV ……………. morning.
(a) from (b) for
(c) since (d) yet - Annie ……………. his parents to the UK this year
(a) was taking
(b) took
(c) is taking
(d) had taken - Mr Chopra ……………. all his wealth by 2018.
(a) finishes
(b) will have finished
(c) will be finished
(d) finishing - I thought you might be awaiting my call. Therefore I ……………. you.
(a) am called (b) have been calling
(c) am being called (d) have called
Solution:
- (b)
- (c)
- (c)
- (b)
- (d)
Question 5:
Fill in the blanks with the the correct form of verbs.
- Where did you ……………. the bag?
(a) left (b) leaving
(c) leave (d) was leaving - The monsoon ……………. recently making the environment green and beautiful.
(a) started (b) has started
(c) starting (d) is starting - Latika ……………. a sweate’r for her baby for two months.
(a) is weaving
(b) has woven
(c) weaved
(d) has been weaving - Kunti ……………. the puzzle before the teacher explained it on black board.
(a) had solved (b) is solved
(c) is solving (d) has been solving - Mayuri was waiting for you here. She ……………. just now.
(a) left (b) is leaving
(c) has left (d) leaving
Solution:
- (c)
- (b)
- (d)
- (a)
- (c)
Question 6:
Fill in the blanks with the verb forms that is suitable using one of the helping verbs out of has/have.
- Madan and Kundan ……………. with joy. (Dance)
- I ……………. not ……………. my work on time. (Finish)
- Sita ……………. not ……………. a song today. (sing)
- ……………. you ……………. your duty effectively? (Do)
- ……………. Prem ……………. at you in the morning today? (Laugh)
Solution:
- have, danced
- have, finished
- has, sung
- Have, done
- Has, laughed
Question 7:
Fill in the blanks given in the sentences by using the structure of present perfect continuous tense. Use the verbs given in the brackets.
- Chandan ……………. a letter three ……………. hours. (Write)
- Mohan ……………. not ……………. his work this July. (Do)
- ……………. Maya ……………. a picture ……………. 7 pm? (Paint)
- Police ……………. to catch the thieves ……………. two months. . (Try)
- Government ……………. not ……………. attention to farmer’s problem …………….. five years. (Pay)
Solution:
- has been writing, for
- has, been doing, since
- Has, been painting, since
- have been trying, for
- has, been paying, for
Question 8:
Fill in the blanks using correct verb form given in the bracket according to the simple past.
- She ……………. the hall immediately. (Leave)
- They ……………. not ……………. to park yesterday. (Go)
- ……………. you ……………. me in the evening? (Call)
- My parents ……………. me the good values. (Teach)
- Sameera ……………. not ……………. that project then. (Approve)
Solution:
- left
- did, go.
- Did, call
- taught
- did, approve
Question 9:
Fill in the blanks using correct form of past continuous tense. Use the verbs given in the bracket alongwith was/were.
- Fishes ……………. in the river. (Swim)
- Waiter ……………. not ……………. the food. (Serve)
- ……………. he ……………. his. (Do)
- People ……………. in the temple. (Pray)
- Tiger …………….. not ……………. the deer. (Chase)
Solution:
- were swimming
- was, serving
- Was, doing
- were, praying
- was, chasing
Question 10:
Fill in the blanks with suitable verb forms according to the structure of past perfect tense.
- I ……………. (receive) your message before I reached.
- The meeting started after we …………….(enter) the hall.
- Chintu …………….(read) the book earlier before his cousin gifted him with the same.
- Nida started speaking after the teacher …………….(finish) with his points.
- Riddhi and I …………….. already …………….(discuss) this in the class.
Solution:
- had received
- had entered
- had read
- had finished
- had, discussed
Question 11:
Fill in the blanks using suitable verb form according to the structure of past perfect continuous tense.
- She ……………. in that school since 1977. (Teach)
- Farmers ……………. not ……………. for five years. (Farm)
- Actors ……………. blankets for three hours. (Donate)
- Rats ……………. not ……………. in the house since Monday.(Run)
- ……………. the people ……………. for him for two election periods? (Vote)
Solution:
- had been teaching
- had, been farming
- had been donating
- had, been running
- Had, been voting
Question 12:
Fill the blanks by using the correct verb forms considering the structures of simple future tense.
- It ……………. today in the evening. (Rain)
- Children ……………. a game tomorrow. Play)
- Worker ……………. not ……………. the work. (Do)
- A snake ……………. not ……………. you until it is disturbed. (Bite)
- ……………. we ……………. there? (Sit)
Solution:
- will rain
- shall play
- will, do
- will bite
- Shall, sit
Question 13:
Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of verbs according to the correct structure of future continuous tense.
- Government ……………. a new dam. (Build)
- Girls ……………. not ……………. this book. (Use)
- …………….. she ……………. to operate computer? (Learn)
- Manoj and Ajay ……………. business. (start)
- The driver ……………. not ……………. the bus. (Drive)
Solution:
- will be building
- shall, be using
- Will, be learning
- shall be starting
- will, be driving
Question 14:
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of vert>6 according to the structure of future perfect or future perfect continuous tense.
- This project ……………. much time. (Take)
- The company ……………. the car by this time-next year. (Manufacture)
- The girl ……………. not ……………. her homework. (Complete)
- Magazine ……………. not …………….. in the market for a week. (Circulate)
- …………….. you ……………. this work for me? (Finish)
Solution:
- will have, taken
- will have been, manufacturing
- will, have completed
- will, have been circulating
- Will, have finished
Question 15:
In the following question, a passage has been given. There are a few blanks that are numbered and these numbers are again printed, below the passage, along with four options. Out of these options, choose the word that suits the blank best.
I …………(1) very close to my grandmother and we …………(2) a very strong bond. She loved me …………(3) She was one …………(4) my closest friends and we also had secrets. If someone …………(5) me, I would straight run to her and she …………(6) hug me.
- (a) had (b) am
(c) was (d) had been - (a) shared (b) sharing
(c) to share (d) had shared - (a) conditionally (b) unwillingly
(c) willingly (d) unconditionally - (a) on (b) in
(c) with (d) of - (a) scolds (b) scolded
(c) was scolding (d) has scolded - (a) was (b) shall (c) must (d) would
Solution:
- (c) was
- (a) shared
- (d) unconditionally
- (d) of
- (b) scolded
- (d) would
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