The Parts of Speech
Words are divided into different kinds or classes.Words are divided into different kinds or classes.These are called Parts of Speech according to their use, that is, according to the work they do in a sentence. The Parts of Speech are eight in number:
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Verb5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection
I.The Noun
A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.
Examples:
Ashoka was a great king.The rose smells sweet.
The sun shines bright.
I sit on the chair.
This is my pen.
India is a vast country.
Mount Everest is the highest peak.
Ramesh is my brother.
I always speak the truth.
Honesty is the best policy.
All the words in italics are nouns.
The definition of noun includes:
(a) all objects that we can see, hear, taste, touch or smell.
(b) something that we can think of, but cannot perceive by the senses.
II.The pronoun
A Pronoun is a word, which is used instead of or in place of a noun.
Examples:
Rita did not come as she was unwell.
The books are where you left them.
Umesh failed because he was careless.
The dress is on the table where I put it.
This is the cow, which gives us milk.
All the words in italics are pronouns.
III. The Adjective
An Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:
Yuvraj is a brave boy.
My uncle gave me an expensive gift.
Reena is a good girl.
India is a great country.
Partho is an intelligent student.
She is poor but happy.
All the words in italics are adjectives.
IV.The Verb
A Verb is a word used to express an action, performance or state.
Examples:
I bought a new book yesterday.
Nikhil goes to school daily.
Mumbai is a big city.
The sun rises in the east.
I saw an elephant yesterday.
All the words in italics are verbs.
V. The Adverb
An Adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples:
He is a very good student.
She plays well.
He worked the sum quickly.
Surely you are mistaken.
Cut it lengthwise.
All the words in italics are adverbs.
VI. The Preposition
The Preposition is a word or group of words used with a noun or pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.
Examples:
I had gone to Mumbai.
The book is on the table.
The cow sits under a tree.
He is fond of tea.
The boy ran across the road.
All the words in italics are prepositions.
VII. The Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word which joins two words,sentences or clauses .
Examples:
Partho and Sharan came to our house.
Mohan is poor hut honest.
She must weep or she will go mad.
Either take it or leave it.
It is neither useful nor ornamental.
All the words in italics are conjunctions.
VIII. The Interjection
An Interjection is a word which expresses some sentiment or sudden feeling.
examples:
Hurrah! we have won the match.
Alas! my uncle is dead.
Oh! it is you.
Bravo! you have done well.
All the words in italics are Interjections.
Exercise
Name the Part of Speech of each italicised word in the following sentences, giving in each case your reason for the classification:
1. He still lives in that house.
2. The after effects of the drug are bad.
3. He told us all about the battle.
4. Suddenly one of the wheels came off
5. Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
6. He kept the fast for a week.
7. He is on the committee.
8. Let us move on.
9. The up train is late.
10. I will watch while you sleep.
Ans
1. Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the verb lives’.
2. Adjective – adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘effects’.
3. Preposition – shows the relation between ‘all’ and ‘battle’.
4. Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘come’.
5. Verb – says something about ‘Mohammedans’.
6. Noun – the name of something.
7. Preposition – shows the relation between lie’ and ‘committee’.
8. Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the word ‘move’.
9. Adjective – adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘train’.
10. Conjunction – joins the two parts 1 will watch’ and ‘you sleep’.
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