CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Pdf free download is part of Class 10 Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given NCERT Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current.
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Magnetic field: The area around a magnet in which other magnet feels force of attraction or repulsion is called Magnetic field.
Magnetic field lines: The closed curved imaginary lines in the magnetic field which indicate the direction of motion of north pole in the magnetic field if a magnet is free to do so.
Properties of magnetic field lines.
- Magnetic Field lines originate from the north pole of a magnet and end at its south pole.
- Magnetic Field lines are denser near the poles but rarer at other places.
- The Magnetic Field lines do not intersect one another.
Oersted’s experiment: According to this experiment “A current carrying wire creates a magnetic field around it. The direction of magnetic field depends on the direction of current in conductor.”
- Magnetic field pattern due to straight current carrying conductor are concentric circles whose center lie on the wire.
- The direction of magnetic field due to straight current carrying conductor can be determined by Right hand thumb rule.
Right hand thumb rule: According to this rule “if current carrying conductor is held in the right hand in such a way that thumb indicate the direction of current, then the curled finger indicates the direction of magnetic field lines around conductor.”
Magnetic field pattern due to current carrying loop: The Magnetic field lines are circular near the current-carrying loop. As we move away from the loop, field lines form bigger and bigger circles. At the center of the circular loop, the magnetic field lines are straight.
The solenoid is an insulated and tightly wound long circular wire having large number of turns whose radius is small in comparison to its length. Magnetic field produced by a solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar magnet.
Current carrying solenoid is called an electromagnet.
Properties of magnetic lines of force or magnetic field lines.
- These lines originate from the north pole and end at the south pole.
- The magnetic field lines of a magnet form a continuous closed loop.
- Two magnetic lines of force do not intersect each other.
- The tangent at any point on the magnetic line gives the direction of the magnetic field at the point.
Fleming’s left hand rule: According to this rule, “if the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the left hand are stretched perpendicular to each other and if the fore-finger gives the direction of magnetic field, middle finger gives the direction of current, then the thumb will give the direction of motion or the force acting on the current-carrying conductor.”
Principle of an electric motor: A motor works on the principle that when a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field and current passes through it, a force acts on the coil which rotates it continuously.
When the coil rotates, the shaft attached to it also rotates. In this way the electrical energy supplied to the motor is converted into the mechanical energy of rotation.
Principle of an electric generator: It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It states that “an induced current is produced in a coil placed in a region where the magnetic field changes with time.” The direction of induced current is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. An electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Electromagnetic induction: The phenomenon of setting up of an electric current or an induced e.mi. by changing the magnetic lines of force by a moving conductor is called electromagnetic induction.
Maxwell’s right hand thumb rule: The direction of the current is given by Maxwell’s right-hand thumb rule, “If the current carrying conductor is gripped with the right hand in such a way that the thumb gives the direction of the current, then the direction of the fingers gives the direction of the magnetic field produced around the conductor.
Fleming’s left-hand rule: The direction of motion of a conductor in a magnetic field is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. According to this rule, if the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the left hand are stretched perpendicular to each other and if fore-finger gives the direction of the magnetic field and the middle finger gives the direction of current then, the thumb will give the direction of the motion of the conductor carrying the current.
Fleming’s right-hand rule: The direction of the induced current is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. According to this rule if the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the right hand are stretched perpendicular to each other and if the fore-finger gives the direction of the magnetic field and the thumb gives the direction of motion, then the middle finger will give the direction of the induced current in the conductor.
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