Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences – CBSE Notes for Class 12 History
• The British policy of Divide and Rule played a key role in spreading of communalism.
• Earlier the British attitude towards the Muslim was not favourable, they think that they were responsible for the revolt of 1857.
• But soon they felt that due to their behaviour Hindus grew stronger, so they reversed their policy.
• Now, they began to take side with the Muslims and turned against Hindus.
• Bengal was partitioned in 1905 by Lord Curzen. He said Bengal was partitioned due to administrative problems.
• The real objective of British behind the partition of Bengal was to sow the seed of disunity between the Hindus and the Muslims.
• By the act of 1909 British government gave the Muslims the right of separate electorate.
• In, 1916 Lucknow Pact was signed between Congress and the Muslim League. It was an important landmark step forward in achieving Hindu-Muslim unity. But it was really an agreement for cooperation in the political field on the basis of common programme.
• In February 1937, elections to the provincial assembly were held, in which only few had the right to vote.
• To solve the political crisis of India, Lord Attlee sent Cabinet Mission to India.
• The Muslim League, on 6th June 1946 accepted the Cabinet Mission Plan as the foundation of Pakistan was inherent in it, but Congress opposed it.
• To solve the political tangle of India Lord Mount Batten arrived India. He proposed his plan on 3 June 1947, in which he stated that country would be divided into two Dominions,
i. e. India and Pakistan. It was accepted by both Congress and Muslim League.
1. Unionist Party: This party stood for the interests of all landlords in Punjab. It was founded in the year 1923.
2. Confederation: It refers to a union of fairly autonomous and sovereign states with a central government.
3. Arya Samaj: Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in the year 1875.
4. Muslim League: Founded in the year 1906.
5. Hindu Mahasabha: Founded in the year 1915.
6. Federal Union: Autonomous federation given autonomous status. Its Central Government has some limited powers.
7. Lucknow Pact: A pact between Congress and Muslim League signed in the year 1916.
8. Pakistan: Came into existence after partition of India. Choudhary Rehmat Ali, a Punjabi- Muslim student at Cambridge, coined the name ‘Pakistan’ for the first time in the year 1933.
9. Muslim League’s Resolution at Lahore: In 1940, the Muslim League moved a resolution at Lahore demanding a measure of autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas.
10. General Elections of 1946: In the year 1946, last general elections were held of pre-independence. Major political parties of India contested the election. The Indian Congress won massively in the general elections of constituencies. The Muslim also won in Muslim constituencies.
11. Cabinet Mission: A three-member Cabinet Mission arrived in India in March 1946.
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