Communication Skills Class 10 AI Notes

These AI Class 10 Notes Chapter 1 Communication Skills Class 10 Notes simplify complex AI concepts for easy understanding.

Class 10 AI Communication Skills Notes

Methods of Communication Class 10 Notes

The methods or types of communication are described below:

Verbal Communication:

Verbal communication means communication through spoken oral and written words. It implies use of words which make up a language. It is the ability to communicate using words in understandable language i.e. English, Hindi, French, Urdu etc. Language plays a significant role in verbal communication. The effectiveness of the verbal communication depends on the tone of the speaker, clarity of speech, volume, speed, body language and the quality of words used in conversation.
Verbal communication are of various types. These are

Oral communication Oral communication is the exchange of information and ideas through spoken word. Two individuals conversing with each other, either face-to-face or through the telephone is an example of oral communication. Interviews, speeches, presentations, conferences, workshops and group discussions are also forms of oral . communication.

Written communication This is a medium of communication that entails the written word. Letters, e-mails, websites, memorandums, reports, notices, manuals, quotations, newsletters, newspapers etc., are forms of written communication.

Methods of verbal communication can be classified into different categories

• Intrapersonal communication
• Interpersonal communication
• Small group communication
• Public communication
•  Mass communication

Advantages of Verbal Communication

• It is quick in obtaining feedback once delivered.
• It saves time in communication.
• It is more reliable method of communication.
• It is cheaper way of communication and hence saves money.
• It provides complete understanding of communication delivered and there is chance to make it more clear in case of doubts in interpretation of words or ideas.

Disadvantages of Verbal Communication

• It has no legal validity and hence will lead to problems in certain situations. Eqmotions are visible and hence leads to trouble in certain cases.
• It has issues when communicating with distant people.
• It does not provide permanent record unless it is recorded with modern means of storage.
• This form of communication is not suitable for lengthy message.

Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information or messages without using any spoken or written word. It relies on various non-verbal cues such as physical movements, colors, signs, symbols, body language etc., to express feelings, attitudes or information. Although no word is used in non-verbal communication, this form of communication can effectively communicate many human feelings more accurately than verbal methods of communication.

Various forms of non-verbal communication are

• Eye contact
• Facial expressions
• Gestures
• Body language
• Proximity
• Touch
• Personal appearance
• Para-linguistic (tone/ pitch/ inflection)

Advantages of Non-Verbal Communication

• It conveys clear and precise meaning to the receiver.
• It is presentable through visuals, audio-visual and silent means.
• This type of communication serves as substitute for verbal communication.
• It provides clarity in conversation, especially with those who do not speak the some language.
• It is can be more inpactful and real than verbal communication because people pay more attention to non-verbal communication like facial expression, voice of tone, body language etc.
• Non-verbal messages reaches faster than verbal and written communication, so it reduces the wastage of time.

Disadvantages of Non-Verbal Communication

• In the absence of language, this type of communication do not convey actual meaning of the message. This makes communication imprecise.
• It can be confusing as no clear message is conveyed.
• Long conversation are not possible in non-verbal communication.
• It can be costly as Neon signs, PowerPoint presentation movies involve huge cost.

Visual Communication

Visual communication is the process of conveying meaning-be it ideas, instructions, data, or other kinds of information-through graphics rather than text or audio.
This is a efficient and accessible way of sharing knowledge and adding context.
Visual communication can be achieved in a variety of different ways.

Examples of visual communication include:

• Videos and photos
• Graphs, charts, infographics, and other types of data visualisation
• Typography
• Maps (such as mind maps and content maps)
• Illustrations and graphic design
• Slide decks and presentations
• GIFs

These types of visual assets are commonly used in social media and content marketing, to communicate ideas and information, where more text-heavy formats fail to make an impact.

Advantages of Visual Communication

• It is more interactive.
• It brings clarity to oral communication.
• Good for the uneducated receiver.
• Can be used for presentations and sharing complex ideas.

Disadvantages of Visual Communication

• It cannot be used for detailed information.
• Some information cannot be communicated visually, such as policy, rules etc.
• Information could be misinterpreted.
• It could be costly to prepare graphs, charts, cartoons etc.

Communication Cycle Class 10 Notes

In the communication process, one person is a sender who conveys a message to another person (or a group of persons) known as the receiver.
When the receiver gets the message, he acknowledges it and sends back a response. This leads to a cyclic process known as a Communication Cycle.
The cycle describes how an idea, impression or feeling is made known to others. A communication cycle includes resources such as e-mail threads, social media outlets, VoIP message outlets, etc.
The effectiveness of a communication cycle depends on how long it takes for the feedback to be received by the initial sender. The quicker the response, the more effective is the cycle.
These steps are shown and explained below

The Communicator or Sender is the person or organisation originating the communication. It decides what the message is, how it will be expressed and sent, and who it is to be sent to.

Encoding means to change the message into a form suitable for sending. The factors which must be considered when a encoding messages are language, cultural differences etc.

The Message is the actual information that the sender wishes to convey to the receiver.

The Medium or Channel is the means by which the message is sent. Some messages are more effective in written form, others may be more effective on the telephone (e.g. urgent messages), while others may be more effective if sent via electronic means such as e-mail.

The Receiver is the person or organisation to whom the message is sent.

Decoding is the process in which the receiver interprets and understands the message. Sometimes errors in decoding occur if the receiver isn’t sure it understands the message but doesn’t make the effort to ask for a clarification.

Feedback is the receiver’s response to the message. Requesting clarification is part of a good feedback phase of a communication cycle. Without feedback, the communication cycle remains incomplete.

Meaning and Importance of Feedback

Feedback is the final step in the communication cycle. It is the receiver’s response to the message, which enables the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the message sent.
Thus, feedback plays a very important role in communication cycle. If there is absence of feedback then it will lead to a communication barrier.
For example, if the receiver doesn’t understand the meaning of the message, the sender can know this by the feedback received and can improve the message accordingly. Thus, the sender must create an environment that encourages feedback.
For the feedback to be effective, it must be clear, well in time, specific, having the right attitude, true and honest, impersonal and informative. It is important because proper feedback helps avoid misunderstandings. Thus, if the receiver has interpreted the message incorrectly, the sender has a chance to correct it.

Types of Feedback

There are some important feedback in communication cycle as follows:

1. Descriptive Feedback

A descriptive feedback, provides meaningful information in a detailed, expensive manner that also contains some analysis or suggestion etc.
This form of feedback is most suited to teacher-student interactions when the students are attending a course taught by the teacher. In such a case, it has the specific purpose of helping students improve while they are still gaining knowledge and practising their skills in the subject.

2. Non-descriptive Feedback

A non descriptive feedback provides some specific information but does not give details descriptions.
e.g., “I like your only second paragraph. Others needs improvement.”
Each of the above discussed types of feedback can be either a positive feedback (i.e. it indicates that the sender can continue his communication in the same manner as before) or a negative feedback (i.e. it indicates a need for a change in the manner of communication).

3. Specific Feedback

The specific feedback talks about a thing or particularly without talking about a general overview.
e.g., I like the way you described your grandfather’s character. It makes me feel like I know him too.

4. Non-Specific Feedback

The non-specific feedback, talks about the entire think while giving a general overview. It does not particularly pinpoint is specific think/feature.
e.g., I like your story. It is good.

5. Formal Feedback

A formal feedback follows a present format or structure using which the receiver sends feedback. Formal feedback covers many predefined points and has a specific blueprint. The receiver sends the feedback as per this blueprint. Formal feedback takes time to construct and hence, is not instant.
e.g., “Congratulation on scoring with A Grade in your final test performance. you are promoted to your next class.”
“please accept my apologies.”

6. Informal Feedback

Informal feedback, does not stick to a specific structure such as instant comments by the listener or audience. It does not take time to construct as it is initially conveyed.
e.g., “good job! Congratulations !” “sorry”

Effective Communication Class 10 Notes

It is the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, opinions, knowledge and data so that the message is received and understood with clarity and purpose. When we communicate effectively, both the sender and receiver feel satisfied.

Barriers to Effective Communication

Anything that prevents or disturbs the sending or receiving of a communication or message is considered as a barrier to communication. Such as barriers can retard or distort the message or intention of the message being conveyed. It may result in failure of the communication process or cause an effect that is undesirable.
The types of barriers to effective communication include

Physical Barriers :

Physical barrier is the environmental and natural condition that act as a barrier in communication in sending message from sender to receiver. Not being able to see gestures, posture and general body language can make communication less effective.

Interpersonal Barriers:

They arise from the judgements, emotions and social values of people. They cause a psychological distance between people similar to the physical distance. Thus, sometimes the message may not be understood at all.
Our emotions also affect nearly all our communications. For example, if we are feeling angry, we may say something which we would say differently if we were not angry. In such situation, we are communicating what we are feeling is correct.

Semantic Barriers:

These refer to symbols or visuals used in the message. The barrier may arise due to the symbol we use, as it may mean different things to different people. For example, the ‘thumbs up’ gesture is recognised as a sign of approval or agreement in European countries, but it may be interpreted as an indecent gesture in rural areas of India.

Symbols are of the following three types:

1. Linguistic or Related to Language Language, whether spoken or written, is the most used method of communication. However, a major difficulty with language is that nearly every common word has several meanings, depending on the context in which it is used. In fact, the Oxford Dictionary records an average of 28 separate meanings for each of the 500 most used words in the English language.

2. Pictures Organisations make extensive use of pictures such as blueprints, charts, maps, films, three-dimensional models and other similar devices for communication in their normal work, which would otherwise require many words for describing each visual.

3. Action A person communicates his intentions and meaning of his communication through his actions.

Intra-Personal Barriers

It refers to the elements within the individuals personality which acts as a barrier in receiving, analysing and interpreting the information that is available. There are different types of intra-personal barriers in an individuals’s personality like selective perception, individual differences in communication skills, em otions, preconceived ideas etc.

Organisational Barriers
Organisational barriers are those barriers that are caused due to the structure, rules and regulations present in the organisation. The various types of barriers that can tre encountered due to superior subordinate relationshijps, where the free flow of communication is not possible.
Sometimes the complexity of organisational structure and multiple managers make it difficult to convey information properly, and the information gets distorted leading to miscommunication.

Cultural barriers

Cultural barriers are those that arise due to lack of similarities among the different cultures across the world. A term that can be harmless in one culture can be regarded as a slang in another culture. Moreover, various beliefs can differ from one culture to another.

Measures to Overcome Barriers

To ensure that barriers to communication do not arise or can be overcome, we can take some steps related to the factors causing the barriers. The steps to be taken for overcoming some of these factors are:

Be Prepared before Communicating Often we are nct properly prepared for communicating a message because we do not have enough information or knowledge of what we want to communicate. At other times, we are not the behaviour expected of the receiver of the communication. Either of these creates a barrier between sender and the receiver.

Give Sufficient Time The message should not be communicated too fast; this is particularly true for oral messages. If it is not done at a suitable speed the receiver may miss its important points or may not understand it at all. Thus, oral communication in a group, such as a speech, debate or group discussion, must be done at a measured rate so that the entire audience is able to grasp what is being said.

Simplify the Language Both the sender and receiver of the communication must have sufficient knowledge of the language in which they are communicating. If this is not confirmed, it is better to use simplified language with easily understood words and simple ideas.

Don’t Assume Anything Without appropriate feedback, the sender of the message should not assume that his message has been understood. He should only rely on suitable feedback about the understanding of the message.

Avoid Overconfidence Have a humble attitude when communicating a message. Similarly, the receiver should not be egocentric, otherwise he may fail to understand some important points of the message he has receeived.

Preconceived Notions/Expectations, Perceptions and Assumptions When the receiver has a different perce:ption from that of the sender, communication is affected. This can be overcome by thinking from the speaker’s point of view. In addition, if the communication is not clear, the receiver must ask for clarifications instead of assuming anything.

Avoid Making Judgements Communication can fail if the message communicated passes some judgement ageinst the receiver, as then the content of the message is not understood in its real sense. It makes the receiver defiensive, thus creating a barrier. So, this kind of situation should be avoided.

In formation Overload Attention Span Overload of in formation or giving too many details reduces the receiver’s ability to concentrate on the important parts of the message. It also reduces his attention span. So, the sender must try to eliminate unnecessary information and stick to important information only.

Principles of a Effective Communication Class 10 Notes

The most basic principle for a communication to be effective is that the intended message of the sender and the interpreted message of the receiver are one and the same. Although this should be the goal in any communication, it is not always achieved. Thus, a set of principles needs to be followed to ensure it. The most popular name of these basic principles is known as 7C’s of Effective Communication.

The 7C’s of Effective Communication

‘We communicate at home, at work, with our neighbour etc. We communicate in written or oral, audio or visual, so it is important that we follow the 7C’s of effective communication.

These principles of effective communication are:

Completeness The message must be complete, meaning that it should convey all the information required by the receiver. Nothing which may be required by the receiver should be left out of the message. The sender of the message must take into consideration the requirements of the receiver while making the message. For example, if there is a query by a customer, he must be provided complete information about his query in a short span of time. Your prompt and complete reply will enable you to maintain a good business relation with the customer. One way to make your message complete is to answer the five W’s: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘When?’, ‘Where?’ and ‘Why’? The five question method is useful when you write requests, announcements or other informative messages.

Conciseness It means communicating what you want to convey in the least possible words so that there are no unnecessary bits of information in it. A concise communication is both time-saving as well as cost-saving. It highlights the main message, thus making it more appealing and comprehensible to the audience. For example, Instead of saying ‘at this time,’ we can use the single word ‘now’.

Coherent For good communication, a message should follow a logical structure. All of your ideas should be well connected and relevant to the critical point. This is known as coherence. Organising your message logically from introductory statements to the conclusion will ensure that the message is coherent. When the ideas in your message flow neatly from one end to another in a proper sequence, the overall message becomes easier to follow and recall.

Concreteness It implies being objective and clear, rather than vague, confused or obscure. A concrete message will have specific facts and figures. For example, if you are a salesperson talking to your client, always use facts and figures instead of generic or irrelevant information. Concrete information makes use of words that are clear. It will build up the reputation of the sender as one who knows what he wants to say. Further, concrete messages are not misinterpreted.

Clarity It implies emphasising a specific message in a communication instead of trying to cover too many items in one communication. It makes understanding of the message easier by the receiver. Complete clarity of thoughts and ideas enhances the meaning of the message. For achieving complete understanding, the message must make use of exact, appropriate and precise words which are familiar and easy to understand.

Courtesy A courteous message is politely worded. It implies that the message should use words which show the sender’s respect for the receiver. Thus, the sender of the message should be sincerely polite and well-mannered.
Knowing the person who you are sending the communication to allow you to use appropriate statements of courtesy. Using socially accepted manners is a form of courtesy. It is politeness that grows out of respect and concern for others. Courtesy implies taking into consideration both the viewpoints as well as the feelings of the receiver.

Correctness It implies that there are no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors in the communication being sent. Further, use the level of language appropriate to the status of the receiver. The three levels of language are formal (e.g. Respected Sir), informal (e.g. Hi there!) and sub-standard, avoid substandard language. Using incorrect words (e.g. ‘ain’t’ for ‘isn’t’), incorrect grammar, faulty pronunciation etc., all suggest as inability to use good English.
The message should also be sent at the correct time, i.e. it is correctly timed. A correct message has a greater impact on the receiver if the facts and figures mentioned in the communication are also accurate and true.

Basic Writing Skills Class 10 Notes

Writing skills are important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to communicate your message clearly and easily to a large audience. You may be asked to write a report, plan or strategy at work; write an application for granting something; or a press release; or a well written CV or résumé; all with no spelling, punctuation or grammatical mistakes. In any of these, poor writing skills create poor first impression and many readers will have an immediate negative reaction if they spot a spelling or grammatical mistake in what you have written.
So, to ensure that we write correctly, we should understand some basic parts of a document such as kinds of sentences, phrases, parts of a sentence, parts of speech and construction of a paragraph.

The Sentence

A sentence is a set of words that is complete in itself and which contains a subject and a predicate part. It conveys a statement, question, exclamation or command. It consists of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
Examples of sentences are:

• Lions roar.
• The house behind my home is the one where you have to go, isn’t it?
• What a lovely shot that was!
• Go to the end of the road and turn right.

Kinds of Sentence

There are four types of English sentence, classified by their purpose:

• Declarative sentence (statement)
• Interrogative sentence (question)
• Imperative sentence (command)
• Exclamative sentence (exclamation)

Phrases:

Phrases are a group of words that work together in a sentence but does not contain a subject or a verb. Often phrases are used for descriptions of people, things or events.
Examples,
Filled with joy, the girl jumped up and down. The man with the red jacket is my father.

Parts of a Sentence:

A sentence consists of two parts, a subject part and a predicate part. Each part of a sentence has a particular function, though sometimes both parts may not be written for it to be complete.
The subject refers to that part of the sentence which’tells who or what the sentence is about. The subject is a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. Instances of typical sentences with such subjects are:

• Kailash ran across the road. (‘Kailash’ is a noun)
• They went to the market. (‘They’ is a pronoun)
• The brown dog is sleeping. (‘The brown dog’ is a noun phrase)

The predicate part of a sentence includes the verb and the words that relate to it. It tells what the subject does with an action verb or describes thẹ subject.
Predicates can contain much information and may be quite long. Predicates often have several parts in addition to the verb, including objects and complements. Instances of predicates are underlined in the sentences given below:

• The letter contained exciting news.
• The army officers are experienced persons who acquired their experience in the Kargil War.
• I am going to outside and may take some time to return.

Parts of Speech

According to their function in a sentence, words in the English language are classified as different parts of speech.
These are discussed below:

Noun It is a word for a person, place, thing or idea. Nouns are sometimes used with an article (the, a, an). Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract. Example of nouns are underlined in the sentences given below:

• The young boy brought me a very long letter from the teacher.
• He went to Rashid and told him the secret of his happiness.

Pronoun It is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent. The types of pronouns are personal, possessive, reflexive, relative and demonstrative.
Examples of pronouns are underlined in the sentences given below:

• Jagdish was in a hurry, so he washed the car himself.
• He went to Rashid and told him the secret of his happiness.

Verb In a sentence, the verb expresses an action or the state of the subject in the sentence. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs in a sentence. Verbs also take different forms to express tense.

Instances of verbs are underlined in the sentences given below:

• Jagdish was in a hurry, so he washed the car himself.
• He went to Rashid and told him the secret of his happiness.

Adjective It is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers the question of which one, what kind, or how many. Examples of adjectives are underlined in the sentences given below:

• The young boy brought me a very long letter from the class teacher.
• I have two large brown dogs in my spacious home.

Adverb It describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Examples of adverbs are underlined in the sentences given below:

• She laughed loudly.
• Harish forgot to bring his lunch yesterday and again today.
• I started running so that I wouldn’t be late.

Preposition It is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to link it to another word in the sentence. Examples of prepositions are underlined in the sentences given below:

• The mouse jumped off the table onto the floor of the room.
• The members of the environment club were standing around the tree in a circle.
• Conjunction It joins words, phrases, or clauses and indicates the relationship between them.

Examples of conjunctions are underlined in the sentences given below:

• You can have either chocolate or vanilla jee-cream.
• He not only plays the guitar but also the drums.
• Such was his strength that he was able to break the chains on his arms.
• Interjection It is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation mark.

Examples of interjections are underlined in the sentences given below:

• Oh God! I don’t know what to do about this mess.
• Congratulations! So, you have finally got your master’s degree.

Articles

An article is a kind of adjective which is always used with a noun and gives some information about it.

The words ‘a’ (used before a word beginning with a consonant sound while speaking) and ‘an’ (used before a word beginning with a vowel sound while speaking) are called indefinite articles because the noun they go with is indefinite or general. Instances of indefinite articles used in sentences are:

• I will reach home within an hour.
• It is difficult to find a one-rupee currency note in the present day.

The word “the” is known as a definite article because it refers to a specific noun. The difference between the sentences, “I sat on a chair.” and “I sat on the chair.” is that the second sentence refers to a particular, specific chair, not just any chair.

Whenever we see an article, we will find a noun after it. The noun may be the next word as in “the man” or there may be adjectives and perhaps adverbs between the article and the noun as in “the very angry, young man”.

Construction of a Paragraph

A paragraph is a group of sentences dealing with a particular topic. Paragraphs can be of any length and can vary from only one sentence to even more than ten sentences. However, for maintaining clarity, paragraphs should be as short as possible.

For examples, the paragraph you are reading has only four sentences. The first sentence of a paragraph is usually the topic sentence, as it states the main point to be developed or explained in the paragraph. Each sentence following it should be relevant to that topic, giving the paragraph a look of unity. Each sentence in a paragraph should also be connected to the sentence that comes before it. This can be done by:

Inserting transition words and phrases such as ‘In addition’, ‘Further’, ‘Next’, ‘Finally’ etc.

Repeating key words or their synonyms, such as ‘rewriting’ may change to ‘revising’ in the next sentence, ‘writer’ may change to ‘he’ in the next sentence, and so on.

An instance of a typical paragraph with comments added in brackets is given below:
Good writing comes from hard work (topic sentence). But (transition word) hard work (repeating a key word) has never scared me.

In fact (transition word), I relish the challenge of creating something new, no matter how difficult (key word synonym) or time consuming. I have spent weeks on a few pages, months on an essay, and years on a book (parallel structure for similar items).

Glossary :

• Feedback is the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message.
• Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information or messages without using any spoken or written word.
• Part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence.
• Noun is a word (naming word) that refer to a person, place, thing or idea.
• Preposition connects one word with another to usually answer the questions ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’.

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