In the Earliest Cities – CBSE Notes for Class 6 Social
CBSE NotesCBSE Notes Class 6 SocialNCERT Solutions Social
Facts that Matter:
• About eighty years ago, remains of the site of a very old city called Harappa were found in present-day Pakistan. The city is supposed to be about 4700 years old. More such cities were also discovered.
• These cities were usually divided into two or more parts. The part to the west was smaller but higher and the part to the east was larger but lower. The first part has been called citadel and the second part, the lower town.
• The bricks used were so well made that they have survived thousands of years. The pattern of their use made walls strong.
• A special tank, called the great bath, has been found in the city of Mohenjodaro. Some cities had fire altars and store houses.
The Grate Bath
Houses were 1- or 2-stories high. Wells supplied water. Cities had covered drains.
Houses, drains and streets were planned and built at the same time.
• A Harappan city was a very busy place Rulers oianned the construction of special buildings. Scribes helped prepare seals.
The Harappan seal
• Crafts-persons made all kinds of Things Archaeologists have found things made of stone, shell and metal in addition to beads, weights and blades. Seals and pots with wonderful designs were also made. Cloth has also been found.
• The Harapparts got row materials locally or from other places like Rajasthan, Oman, Iran etc.
• They grew wheat, barley, pulses, peas, nee, sesame, linseed and mustard. A tool called plough was used to dig the earth Irrigation was also employed. Animals were reared by the Harappans.
• In Dholavira in present-day Gujarat, a large open area for ceremonies, and stones with engravements in Harappan script, have beet, discovered.
• A storehouse has been found in the city of Lothai.
• However, there was a major cnange 3R00 voars ago and much of the Harappan cities perished. It may have been because o- cvms drying up, or deforestation, or several other reasons (see Flow-Learning 4).
Words that Matter:
• Bronze: The alloy of tin and copper is called bronze.
• Citadel: The part to the west of most cities was small but high in comparison to the eastern part. This part is called the citadel.
• Crafts-Persons: Men and women who made all kinds of things-either in their own homes or in special workshops were the crafts-persons.
• Lower Town: The eastern part of the cities is referred to as the lower town.
• Plough: A new tool in the Harappan cities which was used to dig the earth for turning soil and planting seeds was the plough.
• Raw materials: Substances that are either found naturally or produced by farmers/ herders are called raw materials: Raw materials are used to manufacture other materials.
• Rulers: People who planned the construction of special buildings in the city were the rulers.
• Scribes: People who knew how to write were the scribes.
Dateline:
• Around 2700 BC, i.e. 4700 years ago: Beginning of cities.
• Around 1900 BC, i.e. 3900 years ago: Beginning of the end of these cities.
• Around 500 BC, i.e. around 2500 years ago: Beginning of newer cities.
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