Vital Villages, Thriving Towns – CBSE Notes for Class 6 Social
CBSE NotesCBSE Notes Class 6 SocialNCERT Solutions Social
Facts that Matter :
• In the Indian subcontinent, use of iron began about 3000 years ago. It developed more and more 2500 years ago. Axes and the iron ploughshare became popular.
• New tools and the system of transplantation increased production, and irrigation also came into use.
• In the Tamil region, there existed three kinds of people—the large landowners, the ordinary ploughmen and the landless labourers (including slaves).
• In northern India, the village headman, independent farmers, workers, etc. lived in villages.
• The Jatakas were stories that were composed presumably by ordinary people and written down and preserved by Buddhist monks.
• These tales give light on the life of people in these times.
• Ring wells (rows of pots, or ceramic rings arranged one on top of the other) have been found in several cities. They were probably used as toilets or drains and garbage dumps.
• Accounts of sailors and travellers depict life in early cities. The account of an unknown Greek sailor tells about Bharuch.
• Archaeologists have found several coins belonging to this period. Designs were punched onto the metal to prepare them.
• Mathura, an important settlement for more than 2500 years. It was located at the crossroads of two important travel and trade routes. It became the capital of the Kushanas about 2000 years ago. It was also a religious centre.
• Archaeologists have also found evidence for crafts, like the extremely fine pottery called Northern Black Polished Ware. There were famous cloth centres at Varanasi and Madurai. Crafts persons and merchants formed associations called ‘shrenis’, that helped them in their work.
• Between 2200 and 1900 years ago, Arikamedu was a coastal settlement.
Words that Matter :
• Ring Wells: Rows of pots, or ceramic rings arranged one over the other are known as ring wells.
• ‘Sangam’ Literature: Ancient Tamil texts that were composed in assemblies called ‘Sangams’ have been referred to as the ‘Sangam’ literature.
• ‘Shreni’: An association of crafts persons and merchants was called ‘shreni’. ‘Shrenis’ provided training, raw material, etc. They also served as banks.
• The Jatakas: These were stories probably composed by ordinary people and then written down and preserved by Buddhist monks.
Dateline :
• About 3000 years ago. (around 1000 B.C.)—beginning of the use of iron in the Indian subcontinent.
• 2500 years ago (around 500 B.C.)—increase in the use of iron, development of cities and the punchmarked coins.
• 2300 years ago (around 300 B.C.)—the ‘Sangam’ literature.
• Between 2200 and 1900 years ago between C.100 B.C. and C.100 A.D.)— settlement in Arikamedu (in Puducherry).
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