RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions Heron’s Formula Exercise 12.2

RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions Heron’s Formula Exercise 12.2

The post RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions Heron’s Formula Exercise 12.2 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Communicative English – Paper 10

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEXT PAPER 10 (Unsolved)

SECTION A : READING                                                                     (20 MARKS)

Question 1:
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :      [8]

1. Fashion loves to embrace the new and is always quick to adapt to socio-culture developments. There is no question that this industry has welcomed the social network. The way we look at fashion has totally changed, thanks to Facebook, Twitter, Blackberry Messenger (BBM) and Instagram. And the way we report fashion has changed too. Fashion shows are streamed live, reviews on blogs are up minutes after a show, and online e-commerce stores make collections available minutes after a fashion show has ended. You can buy an outfit even before the next day’s newspaper review is out. Twitter, of course, means that even the fashion reportage a paper carries is outdated. Today every fashion writer needs to learn the art of reviewing a show in 140 characters. Knowing your social media is as important as knowing your fashion. The fashion brands, retailers and magazines are well aware of this- and therefore they are all social media-friendly.
2. And often enough, social media will be more willing to push the envelope than traditional media. Recently, a leading fashion magazine made a fashion faux pas – the outfit they had put on their cover had appeared on another fashion magazine a year earlier, and as we all know repeating in fashion is a big no-no. Interestingly, most of the dailies decided to overlook the incident. Bloggers were not so forgiving and brought the error into the public arena. And it started a much-needed debate on the responsibility of fashion media.
3. Even when you look at electronic media, you will notice that unless it is a ‘makeover show’, most television channels shy away from showcasing fashion, style and luxury. And again social media is poised to fill the gap, with several YouTube channels launching this year all based around style. It seems social media believes that there is a demand for fashion based content. However, social media has given anyone and everyone a right to an opinion.

— Sujata Assoumull Sippy

(a) The way we look at fashion has changed. Whom should we thank to? [1]
(b) What does traditional media refer to?    [1]
(c) What has the fashion industry ‘welcomed’? [1]
(d) State any one way in which we report fashion   [1]
(e) ‘Bloggers were not so forgiving and brought the error into the public arena.’ What error was brought into the public arena by the bloggers?  [1]
(f) What does fashion media shy away from?    [1]
(g) How does an online e-commerce store help the fashion industry? [1]
(h) What has social media given anyone and everyone? [1]

Question 2:
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :        [12]
The cultural heritage of a nation or a region is not solely composed of monuments and a museum collection, but also of living in tangible expression inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants. They have been passed from one generation to another, have evolved in response to the environment and they contribute by giving us a sense of identity and continuity, providing a link from our past, through the present and into the future.
Traditional games or indigenous sports were just not games to be completed in or won between opposing teams or participants. The games of yore were designed in such a way that could develop a multitude of skills like logical thinking, strategy building, concentration andfocus, basic mathematics, aiming and a lot more. In fact, they were also learning aids which helped develop sensory skills, colour identification, motor skills, hand eye coordination, adding, subtracting, etc. The values that one achieved by playing these games with neighbours, friends, siblings and classmates were much more as compared to the games that are played by children nowadays. These games were environment friendly, suitable for all ages, classes, genders, increased positive interaction between generations, provided a chance to know more about our culture, history and tradition and above all, cost effective.
Many modern games played around the world today have their origin in these traditional games which is a source ofpride for a country and its people. So, the time has come to revive their forgotten glory and bring them back into our fold.
The history of sports in India dates back to thousands of years. Numerous games like chess, wrestling and archery are considered to have originated in the Indian soil. Festivals and local fairs were the natural venues of indigenous games and martial arts, whereas homes and streets and backyards were places where children played games like gilli-danda, pitthoo, kite flying, kho-kho, kabaddi, poshampa with much merriment. Over the years indigenous sports and physical activities like yoga, malkhamb, kho-kho, wrestling, elephant riding, and boat races have progressed to some extent. But, unfortunately, we do not know much about the place and date of origin and who invented these games.
Indian history and mythology are a treasure trove of such unique physical activities. But gradually, as times changed, so did our sports. Fifty years ago school children would walk across to their neighbour s house or collect their friends in the neighbourhood and play…
(a) How does our cultural heritage help us in maintaining a link with our past? [2]
(b) Give some of the features of traditional games. [2]
(c) With what aim in mind indigenous sports were designed? [2]
(d) What has affected the continuation of traditional games? Name those that have survived. [2]
(e) Give the adjective form of ‘pride’. [1]
(f) Find a synonym to replace ‘indigenous’. [1]
(g) Give an antonym of ‘unfortunately’. [1]
(h) Which word in the passage means the same as ‘valuable things found hidden’. [1]

SECTION B : WRITING AND GRAMMAR                                                       (30 MARKS)

Question 3:
You visited a science exhibition organised at an Inter College with your father. Record in your diary in about 100-120 words, what special thing you found there. Also write down which experiment impressed you the most.       [8]

Question 4:
Read the outlines of a story given below. Adding your own ideas, develop the story in about 200-250 words. Give a suitable title and moral of it.    [12]
A fox loves to eat grapes — close — a vineyard — stare juicy lovely grapes — to reach them — one sunny day — is tempted — grapes — glistening — the more look — the more — jumps many times — not reach them — walks away disappointed — sour — not eat if are served — golden dish.

Question 5:
Choose the most appropriate options from the ones given below to complete the following paragraph:   [½ × 6 = 3]
For centuries (a)_______ only form of written correspondence (b)_______ the letter.The ancient Egyptians had (c)____system for sending letters (d)______about 2000 B.C., as did the Zhou dynasty in China a thousand years later. Of course, modem postal services, now (e)__________ much more sophisticated and faster. They are nevertheless too slow for (f)______people, who choose to use a courier for urgent letters and documents.

Question 6:
In the following passage one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it.  [4]

Question 7:
Rearrange the given words and phrases to form meaningful sentences.           [3]
(a) in ancient times / sandal and turmeric / blemish-free skin / for a / was used / a paste of / by women
(b) protection / our / we / must / helmets / own / wear / for
(c) cutting a cake / they used to / instead of / distribute sweets

SECTION C : LITERATURE TEXTBOOK AND EXTENDED READING TEXT                      (30 MARKS)

Question 8:
I touch gently at the windows with my Soft fingers and my announcement is a Welcome song. All can hear but only The sensitive can understand.
(a) Who is T in the above lines?
(b) The announcement is a welcome song because____________
(c) “Only the sensitive can understand”. By ‘sensitive’ the poet means______
(d) What quality does the rain possess?

OR

The spectacled child considered the point for a moment gravely. Then, nodding, he arranged his r                    books in readiness for his return and went out. The front door closed with a decorous softness.
(a) Who is the spectacled child referred to in the above lines?
(b) Which point was the spectacled child asked to consider?
(c) What do the words ‘decorous softness’ mean?
(d) What exceptional qualities does the child possess?

Question 9:
Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words :                [2 x 4=8]
(a) Write the central idea of the poem ‘The Seven Ages’?
(b) “I was a man once and I am a beast now.” What circumstances turned the man into a beast in the play ‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’?
(c) What was John A. Pescud’s opinion about best sellers? Why?
(d) Private Quelch supplied correct information regarding the muzzle velocity but the Sergeant received this information without enthusiasm. Why?

Question 10:
Answer one of the following questions in about 100-120 words :   [8]
Parents alone are responsible for inculcating a good sense of hygiene in the children. Do you agree? Do you think at your age one should be responsible enough to take ample care of dental hygiene?

OR

Humanism, endurance, kindness, purity in public life are some qualities in the character of the Bishop that make him a perfect human being. Do you agree? What do you learn from his life?

Question 11:
Answer one of the following questions in about 150-200 words :      [10]
Describe the surprising feat achieved by the Lilliputians in preparing a gigantic engine to convey Gulliver to the Metropolis.

OR

Describe the encounter between Gulliver and the Reaper.

OR

Draw the character sketch of Harris.

OR

‘Camping out in rainy weather is not pleasant.’ How does the writer prove this to us? Give examples.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Pre-Mid Term Exam Class 9 Social Science – Paper 1

Periodic Assessment 1

Suggested Syllabus

Unit 1 : India and the Contemporary World (20 Marks)

Themes
Three themes in the first sub-unit and one from the second sub-unit could be studied.
Sub-unit 1.1 : Events and processes : (All the three themes are compulsory)
In this unit the focus is on three events and processes that have in major ways shaped the identity of the modern world. Each represents a different form of politics, and a specific combination of forces. One event is linked to the growth of liberalism and democracy, one with socialism, and one with a negation of both democracy and socialism.

1. The French Revolution :
   (a)The Ancient Regime and its crises.
   (b) The social forces that led to the revolution.
   (c) The different revolutionary groups and ideas of the time.
   (d) The legacy. (Chapter 1)

2. Socialism ip Europe and the Russian Revolution :
   (a) The crises of Tzarism
   (b) The nature of social movements between 1905 and 1917.
   (c) The First World War and foundation of Soviet state.
   (d) The legacy. (Chapter 2)

Map work
Based on Theme 1/2

A.History

Chapter 1 : The French Revolution
Outline map of France (For locating and labelling/ldentification)

• Bordeaux
• Nantes
• Paris
• Marseilles

Chapter 2 : Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/ldentification)

• Major countries of First World War
  (Central Power and Allied Powers)
• Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
• Allied Powers – France, England, (Russia), America

Unit 2 : Contemporary India – I (20 Marks)

Themes

1.India : Size and Location
2.Physical Features of India : Relief, structure, major physiographic unit.

Map Work

B.Geography
Chapter 1: India – States with Capitals, Tropic of Cancer, Standard Meridian, Southern most, northern
most, eastern most and western most points of India (Location and Labelling)
Chapter 2: Physical Features of India
Mountain Ranges : The Karakoram, The Zasker, The Shivalik, The Aravali,
The Vindhya, The Satpura, Western & Eastern Ghats
Mountain Peaks – K2, Kanchanjunga, Anai Mudi,
Plateau – Deccan Plateau, Chhotanagpur Plateau, Malwa Plateau
Coastal Plains – Konkan, Malabar, Coromandel & Northern Circars (Location and Labelling)

Unit 3 : Democratic Politics – I (20 Marks)

Themes

2. What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
What are the different ways of defining democracy? Why has democracy become the most prevalent form of government in our times? What are the alternatives to democracy? Is democracy superior to its available alternatives? Must every democracy have the same institutions and values? (Chapter 2)

Unit 4 : Economics (20 Marks)

Themes

1. The Story of Village Palampur : Economic transactions of Palampur and its interaction with the rest of the world through which the concept of production (including three factors of production (land, labour and capital) can be introduced. (Chapter 1)
2. People as Resource : Introduction of how people become resource / asset; economic activities done by men and women; unpaid work done by women; quality of human resource; role of health and education; unemployment as a form of non-utilisation of human resource; socio-political implications in simple form. (Chapter 2)

Sample Paper 1

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

1. Who comprised the Third Estate in France? [1]

2. When did the October Revolution occur? [1]

3. Which island countries are our southern neighbours? [1]

4. Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian Sea. [1]

5. Which is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats? [1]

6. Who led a military coup in Pakistan in 1999? [1]

7. What is the main production activity in Palampur village? [1]

8. What was the subsistence crisis? Why did it occur in France during the Old Regime? [3]

9. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917? [3]

10. Why is India called a subcontinent? Write any three points. [3]

11. What is a latitude? What is the latitudinal extent of India? [3]

12. Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains? [3]

13. Explain any three features of democracy. [3]

14. “Democracy allows people to correct their own mistakes.” Support the statement with three points.    [3]

15. ‘Democracy is based on consultation and discussion.’ Explain. [3]

16. What are the various farming and non-farming activities in village Palampur? [3]

17. State any three advantages of multiple cropping. [3]

18. Why is human resource important for development? [3]

19. Discuss the various causes of the French Revolution. [5]

20. Examine the role of Lenin in the Russian Revolution. [5]

21. Describe the location and size of India. [5]

22. Describe the arguments given against democracy. Mention five points. [5]

23. Why is a democratic government a better government? Mention four reasons. [5]

24. State four steps of optimal utilisation of land. [5]

25. Describe the role of human resource in economic development.    [5]

26. Locate and label the following items on the given outline map of France.   [½ + ½ = 1]
(i) Nantes                            (ii) Paris

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world. [½ + ½ = 1]
(A) Germany (Central Power during First World War)
(B)France (Allied Power during First World War)

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.              [3]
(i)   Chennai
(ii)  Tropic of Cancer
(iii) Standard Meridian

Note : The following questions are for the blind candidates only in lieu of question numbers 26, 27 and 28. [5]

(28.1) Name a major Central Power during First World War.

(28.2) Name a major Allied Power during First World War.

(28.3) Name the capital of Tamil Nadu.

(28.4) Which major latitude passes through India?

(28.5) What is the Standard Meridian of India?

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CBSE Sample Papers for Pre-Mid Term Exam Class 9 Social Science – Paper 2

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

Sample Paper 2

1. Which Revolution gave the ideas of liberty, freedom and equality to the world? [1]

2. What was Duma? [1]

3. Which island group of India lies to its south-east? [1]

4. Which is the easternmost longitude of India? [1]

5. The earth’s crust is formed of how many major plates? [1]

6. How many members are elected to the National People’s Congress from all over China? [1]

7. Which sector includes agriculture and animal husbandry? [1]

8. How did Robespierre propose to bring about equality in the French society? [3]

9. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks just after the Russian Revolution?   [3]

10. Which ocean is named after India? Give two reasons as to why it was named after India. [3]

11. Distinguish between Bangar and Khadar. [3]

12. ‘The relief of India displays a great physical variation.’ Explain. [3]

13. Why is democracy called a ‘government by discussion’? Explain. [3]

14. “Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.” Justify this statement. [3]

15. Mention any three disadvantages of democracy. [3]

16. What is Green Revolution? Which crops benefitted the most due to Green Revolution? [3]

17. Describe the various sources of irrigation in Palampur.. [3]

18. Why are women employed in low-paid work? [3]

19. Why were women disappointed by the Constitution of 1791 in France? [5]

20. Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. What were its consequences? [5]

21. Distinguish between the Northern Plains and the Peninsular Plateau. [5]

22. How does democracy provide a method to deal with differences and conflicts? [5]

23. “Despite its demerits democracy is the most preferred form of government.” Explain why? [5]

24. What is land? Suggest any four ways to sustain land. [5]

25. How and why did Japan emerge as a developed country in spite of its poor natural resource? [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France.   [½ + ½ = 1]
(i) Marseilles                                       (ii) Bordeaux 

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world.   [½ + ½ = 1]
(A) Turkey/Ottoman Empire (Major Central Power during First World War)
(B) England (Major Allied Power during First World War)

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.
(i) Anai Mudi
(ii) The Aravali
(iii) Malwa Plateau

Note : The following questions are for the blind candidates only in lieu of question numbers 26, 27 and 28.    [5]

(28.1) Name a city in France related to its National Anthem.

(28.2) Name a port city of France which had flourishing slave trade.

(28.3) Name the Central Powers during the First World War.

(28.4) Which is the highest peak in the Western Ghats?

(28.5) Which coastal strip is referred to as Konkan?

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CBSE Sample Papers for Mid Term Exam Class 9 Social Science – Paper 1

Periodic Assessment 2

Suggested Syllabus

Unit 1 : India and the Contemporary World – I (20 Marks)

Themes
Three themes in the first sub-unit and one from the second sub-unit could be studied.
Sub-unit 1.1 : Events and processes : (All the three themes are compulsory)In this unit the focus is on three events and processes that have in major ways shaped the identity of the modern world. Each represents a different form of politics, and a specific combination of forces. One event is linked to the growth of liberalism and democracy, one with socialism, and one with a negation of both democracy and socialism.

1. The French Revolution :
   (a) The Ancient Regime and its crises.
   (b) The social forces that led to the revolution.
   (c) The different revolutionary groups and ideas of the time.
   (d) The legacy. (Chapter 1)

2. Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution :
   (a) The crises of Tzarism
   (b) The nature of social movements between 1905 and 1917.
   (c) The First World War and foundation of Soviet state.
   (d) The legacy. (Chapter 2)

3. Nazism and the Rise of Hitler :
   (a) The growth of social democracy
   (b) The crises in Germany
   (c) The basis of Hitler’s rise to power. ,
   (d) The impact of Nazism (Chapter 3)

Map Work
Based on Theme 1/2/3

A. History
Chapter 1 : The French Revolution
Outline map of France (For locating and labelling/identification)

• Bordeaux
• Nantes
• Paris
• Marseilles

Chapter 2 : Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/ldentification)

• Major countries of First World War
  (Central Power and Allied Powers)
  Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
  Allied Powers – France, England, (Russia), America

Chapter 3 : Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/identification)

• Major countries of Second World War
  Axis Power – Germany, Italy, Japan
  Allied Powers – UK, France, Former USSR, USA
• Territories under German expansion (Nazi power)
  Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia (only Slovakia shown in the map), Denmark,
  Lithuania, France, Belgiu

Unit 2 : Contemporary India – I (20 Marks)

Themes
3. Drainage : Major rivers and tributaries, lakes and seas, role of rivers in the economy, pollution of rivers, measures to control river pollution. (Chapter 3)
4. Climate : Factors influencing the climate; monsoon – its characteristics, rainfall and temperature distribution; seasons; climate and human life. (Chapter 4)

Map Work
B. Geography
Chapter 3: Drainage –Rivers : (Identification only)
(a) The Himalayan River Systems – The Indus, The Ganges, and The Satluj
(b) The Peninsular rivers – The Narmada, The Tapi, The Kaveri, The Krishna, The ‘ Godavari, The Mahanadi
Lakes : Wular, Pulicat, Sambhar, Chilika, Vembanad, Kolleru

Chapter 4: Climate

1. Cities to locate : Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai, Jodhpur, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Kolkata, Leh, Shillong, Delhi, Nagpur, (Location and Labelling)
2. Areas receiving rainfall less than 20 cm and over 400 cm (Identification only)

Unit 3 : Democratic Politics- I (20 Marks)
3. Constitutional Design :
How and why did India become a democracy?
How was the Indian constitution framed? What are the salient features of the Constitution? How is democracy being constantly designed and redesigned in India? (Chapter 3)
4. Electoral Politics :
Why and how do we elect representatives? Why do we have a system of competition among political parties? How has the citizens’ participation in electoral politics changed? What are the ways to ensure free and fair elections? (Chapter 4)

Unit 4 : Economics  (20 Marks)
3. Poverty as a Challenge : Who is poor (through two case studies : one rural, one urban); indicators; absolute poverty (not as concept but through a few simple examples) – why people are poor; unequal distribution of resources; comparison between countries; steps taken by government for poverty alleviation. (Chapter 3)

Sample Paper 1

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

1. Who was the infamous advisor of Tsarina Alexandra? [1]

2. What was the name given to gas chambers by Nazis? [1]

3. Which is the largest river basin in India?  [1]

4. Which is the largest river of the peninsular India?  [1]

5. Mango showers occur in which two states of India? [1]

6. Who was the president of India’s Constituent Assembly? [1]

7. For how many days MGNREGA provides employment? [1]

8. What effect did the war have on the industry of Russia? [3]

9. Discuss the factors contributing to the meteoric rise of Hitler. [3]

10. What is a lake? How are the lakes formed? [3]

11. How does a river affect the economy of a country? [3]

12. Why do Western Ghats receive more rainfall than the Eastern Ghats? Explain briefly. [3]

13. Why do we need a Constitution? Give any three points. [3]

14. Describe any three features of the Indian Constitution. [3]

15. Discuss any three techniques of an election campaign. [3]

16. Explain how poverty begets more poverty. [3]

17. Explain any three main causes of poverty in India. [3]

18. Mention any three features of MGNREGA, 2005. [3]

19 Discuss the causes that led to the Revolution of 1917. [5]

20. Why was Nazism considered to be a negation of both democracy and socialism? [5]

21. Explain briefly the mechanism of the monsoons.[5]

22. ‘The Indian Constitution is both rigid and flexible.’Explain. [5]

23. Describe the merits and demerits of electoral competition. [5]

24. Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as consequences of poverty. Explain.   [5]

25. Suggest any five points for reduction of poverty in India.  [5]

26. Two features A and B are marked on the given outline map of France. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the map.         [½ + ½ = 1]
(A) A port city famous for slave trade
(B) Another port city famous for slave trade.  

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world.    [½ + ½ = 1]
(i) Italy — a major Axis Power during the Second World War.
(ii) Former USSR — a major Allied Power during the Second World War.

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.
(i) Jodhpur
(ii) Leh
(iii) Shillong

Note : The following questions are for the blind candidates only in lieu of question numbers 26, 27 and 28.  [5]

(28.1) Name a major Axis Power during Second World War.

(28.2) Name a port city which prospered as a centre of slave trade in France.

(28.3) Where is Pulicat lake situated?

(28.4) Name a west flowing river of India.

(28.5) Name the capital of Meghalaya.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Mid Term Exam Class 9 Social Science – Paper 2

Strictly based on the s Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

Sample Paper 2

1. What happened on Bloody Sunday? [1]

2. Who wrote ‘Mein Kampf’? [1]

3. Which place is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems? [1]

4. In which state is Sambhar Lake situated? [1]

5. Kal Baisakhi is associated with which state? [1]

6. What is the minimum age for voters in India? [1]

7. In which state have the land reform measures helped to reduce poverty? [1]

8. Mention the important steps taken by Lenin to improve the agriculture and economy of Russia. [3]

9. What role did the Nazi state impose on women? [3]

10. Describe the three main features of Narmada Basin. [3]

11. What is a lagoon? How does it differ from a lake? [3]

12. Explain how monsoon acts as a unifying bond in the country. [3]

13. Discuss the importance of elections in a democracy. [3]

14. Discuss the importance of an election manifesto. [3]

15. State the steps involved in the framing of Indian Constitution. [3]

16. How is the regular growth of population one of the major causes of poverty? [3]

17. Discuss any three government programmes for poverty alleviation. [3]

18. Explain three ways in which poverty can be estimated in India. [3]

19. In what circumstances did the French Revolution start? Discuss. [5]

20. Give reasons why the Weimar Republic failed to solve the problems of Germany. [5]

21. How were the Great Northern Plains of India formed? Describe briefly. [5]

22. “Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.” Justify this statement. [5]

23. What is the Preamble? Explain any three guiding principles explained in the Preamble of India. [5]

24. Is it necessary to check population growth? Why? Why not? [5]

25. What are the main features of poverty in India? [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France. [½ + ½ = 1]
(A) Marseilles
(B) Paris

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world. [½ + ½= 1]
(i) Japan — Major Axis Power.
(ii) France — Major Allied Power.

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.
(i) Nagpur
(ii) Thiruvananthapuram
(iii) Kolkata

Note : The following questions are for the blind candidates only in lieu of question numbers 26, 27 and 28.  [5]

(28.1) Name an epicentre of the French Revolution.

(28.2) Name any two Axis Powers during Second World War.

(28.3) Name the longest river of Odisha.

(28.4) Where is Chilika Lake situated?

(28.5) Name any two peninsular rivers.

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Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 5

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

SAMPLE PAPER 5 (Solved)

Question 1:
Explain ‘Subsistence Crisis’ with an example. [1]
Answer:
This refers to an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered. This occurred frequently in France during the Old Regime.

Question 2:
When was Napoleon finally defeated? [1]
Answer:
He was finally defeated in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

Question 3:
Which type of drainage pattern does an area have where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other?    [1]
Answer:
Trellis drainage pattern

Question 4:
What is a Terai region? [1]
Answer:
It is a wet, swampy and marshy region located south of the Shiwaliks.

Question 5:
What is the Northernmost latitude of India? [1]
Answer:
37°6’N latitude

Question 6:
Why do South African’s call themselves a rainbow nation? [1]
Answer:
Because like a rainbow the nation has people of all hues and colour, i.e., the blacks, whites,mixed races, Indians.

Question 7:
What is the main aim of ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’? [1]
Answer:
To provide elementary education to all children between the age of 6 and 14 years.

Question 8:
State the different views of socialist society. [3]
Answer:
Socialists had different visions of the future. Some such as Robert Owen, a leading English manufacturer, sought to build a co-operative community called New Harmony in Indiana (USA). Other socialists felt that co-operatives could not be built on a wide scale only through individual initiative. They wanted that governments must encourage co-operatives and replace capitalist enterprise. This was propagated by Louis Blanc in France.
More ideas were added to this body of arguments. These ideas were added by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx argued that industrial society was capitalist. The workers contributed to the profits but did not gain anything. Their condition could improve only if the workers freed themselves from capitalist exploitation. For this the workers needed to construct a radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled. This would be a communist society.

Question 9:
Explain the position of Germany at the end of the First World War.    [3]
Answer:
During the war Germany made initial gains by occupying France and Belgium. But the Allies,strengthened by the US entry into the war, won decisively defeating Germany and Central Powers in November 1918.
The defeat of imperial Germany and the abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity to political parties to recast German polity. A National Assembly met at Weimar and established ,a democratic constitution with a federal structure. Deputies were elected to Reichstag on the basis of universal adult franchise. But the republic became unpopular due to its acceptance of the treaty of Versailles which was too harsh and humiliating.

Question 10:
Describe the main features of Aravali ranges. [3]
Answer:
It is a range of mountains in Western India running 800 km in north-eastern direction across Indian states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi.
The Aravali range is the oldest fold mountains in India. The northern end of the range coutinues as isolated hills and rocky ridges into Haryana state, ending in Delhi. The famous Delhi Ridge is the last leg of the Aravali Range. It is one of the world’s oldest mountain ranges. The southern end is at Palampur near Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu in Rajasthan. Rising to 5650 feet (1722 meters), it lies near the south-western extremity of the range, close to the border with Gujarat state. The city of Udaipur with its lakes lies on the south slope of the range in Rajasthan. Numerous rivers rise amidst the ranges including the Banas, the Luni, the Sahibi, the Sakhi, and the Sabarmati.

Question 11:
Distinguish between Central Highlands and Deccan plateau on the basins of their shape, rivers that flow and hill ranges.   [3]
Answer:
(i) Central Highlands lie to the north of Narmada river while the Deccan plateau is a triangular landmass lying to the south of river Narmada.
(ii) Rivers flowing through the Central Highlands are Chambal, Sind, Betwa and Ken while the rivers draining through the Deccan Plateau are Krishna, Godavari, Tungabhadra, Mahanadi and Tapi.
(iii) The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand and Chhotanagpur plateaus. Deccan plateau consists of Satpura range, Mahadev, Kaimur hills, Maikal range. Its extension in the northeast are Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong, and north Cachar Hills. Garo, Khasi and Jaintia are prominent hill ranges in the northeast.

Question 12:
Evergreen Rainforest and Montane Forest, both have variety of plants but still some major differences are there. Identify them.   [3]
Answer:
Tropical rainforests are found in the areas of heavy rainfall and high temperature. Both of them are important for the growth of plants. Western parts of Western Ghats, north-eastern states and West Bengal have average rainfall of 250 cm. Several layers of vegetation is found in evergreen forest areas. On ‘ground layer’ grasses are found up to 1-5 metres. ‘Shrub layers’ are found, above that up to 5 metres-20 metres young trees are found. From 20 metres-40 metres canopy layer is found where trees have umbrella like shape. Above 40 metres and more emergent layer is found. Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona are major plant types of this region. Same kind of layers of vegetation is found in Montane forest but unlike evergreen forest these layers are easy to demarcate, identity and group. Grasses, shrubs, tall trees, all of them can be found there but their belts or areas are different. While they are found simultaneously in evergreen forest, in Montane region succession of vegetation is found according to altitude.

Question 13:
What shortcomings do you see in the democratic system of India?   [3]
Answer:
(i) There is often a change in ruling party and leaders leading to frequent reversal of policies and programmes. This leads to instability and inefficiency in government.
(ii) Political competition and power play has led to erosion of values and morality.
(iii) Casteism in politics and politicisation of castes and communities have led to social tension and conflict.
(iv) Corruption has crept in all spheres of governance.

Question 14:
Explain any three salient features of democracy.   [3]
Answer:
(i) In a democracy the final decision making power must rest with those elected by the people.
(ii) A democracy must be based on a free and fair election where those currently in power have a fair chance of losing.
(iii) In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.

Question 15:
“The Preamble of Indian Constitution provides the philosophy of Constitution.” Explain any three values that you derive from it.      [3]
Answer:
(i) Liberty : There are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they wish to express their thoughts and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action.
(ii) Equality : All are equal before the law. The traditional social inequalities have to be ended. The government should ensure equal opportunity for all.
(iii) Fraternity : All of us should behave as if we are members of the same family. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior.

Question 16:
Which season are Kharif crops grown in? Mention four crops grown in this season. [3]
Answer:
The cropping season is divided into three parts on the basis of sowing and harvesting. There are: Kharif, Rabi and Zaid. Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon and are harvested in September – October. Important crops grown during this season are – paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, jute, etc.

Question 17:
Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India?   [3]
Answer:
The joblessness among the educated, i.e., matriculates and above, is called educated unemployment. Unemployment problem signifies the wastage of human resources. If unemployment is high among the educated persons, the quantum of wastage of resources will be greater. This is due to investments in education and skill formation. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the educated youth. India has to spend a lot of money on education every year. People who should have been assets for the economy have turned into a liability.

Question 18:
How is the human resource different from the other resources? Explain.    [3]
Answer:
Human resource differs from other resources like plants, machinery and raw materials in the following ways :
(i) Human resource can be improved through education, training and medical care and this improved human capital earns higher income because of higher productivity while other resources would remain as they are.
(ii) Humans have power of thinking and creativity, while other resources are to be controlled by human mind. Creative thinking makes human resources most valuable, through which higher national income can be expected.
(iii) Human resource can make use of land and capital, while land and capital cannot become useful on their own. So, we see that human capital is considered as an asset to the government.

Question 19A:
How did the new forest laws affect the forest dwellers?   [5]
Answer:
Foresters and villagers had very different ideas of what a good forest should look like. Villagers wanted forests with a mixture of species to satisfy different needs — fuel, fodder, leaves. The forest department wanted trees which were suitable for building ships or railways. They needed trees that could provide hard wood and were tall and straight. So, particular species like teak and sal were promoted and others were cut. The new forest laws meant severe hardship for villagers across the country. After the Act (Forest Act), all their everyday practices, cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal. People were now forced to steal wood from the forests, and if they were caught they were at the mercy of the forest guards who would take bribes from them. Women who collected fuel wood were especially worried. It was also common for police constables and forest guards to harass people by demanding free food from them.

OR

Question 19B:
Elaborate on the seasonal movement of Dhangars of Maharashtra.       [5]
Answer:
The Dhangars live in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon season. They use it as a grazing ground for their flock and herds. They sow their dry crop of ‘bajra’ here during the monsoon season. By October, they reap the harvest and move to Konkan — a fertile agricultural region. The Konkan peasants welcome them to manure and fertilise their fields for the ‘rabi’ crop. The flocks manure the fields and feed on the stubble. They stay there till the monsoon arrives and then move on to the dry plateau. They carry with them the rice given by the Konkans.

OR

Question 19C:
What lessons can we draw from the conversion of the countryside in the USA from a bread basket to a dust bowl?    [5]
Answer:
The expansion of wheat cultivation in the Great Plains created the Dust Bowl. The American dream of a land of plenty had turned into a nightmare.
We need to learn a lesson from this. Use of land is good but overuse of land is bad. We need to realise that land is a precious natural resource which needs to be preserved and conserved. Reckless, improper and unsustainable use of any resource leads to its degradation and depletion. This gives rise to serious consequences. We must realise that we need to respect the ecological conditions of each region and work towards sustainable development and look after our earth.

Question 20A:
Explain five ideas and decisions of Dietrich Brandis regarding management of forests in India.        [5]
Answer:
(i) Brandis realised that a proper system needed to be introduced to manage forests.
(ii) He wanted to train people in the science of conservation.
(iii) Legal sanctions had to be given to various rules and regulations regarding the use of forest resources.
(iv) Felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could be preserved for timber production. People cutting
trees illegally had to be punished.
(v) Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865. The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906 where scientific forestry was taught.

OR

Question 20B:
“Life of the pastoral groups was sustained by a careful consideration of a host of factors.” Explain any five of these factors. [5]
Answer:
They had to weigh all pros and cons to sustain their life.
(i) They had to judge how long the herds could stay in one area, and find new areas for water and pasture.
(ii) They needed to calculate the timing of their movements through different territories.
(iii) They had to set up a relationship with farmers on the way, so that herds could graze in harvested fields and manure the soil.
(iv) They had to make provisions for security of their cattle and their own lives.
(v) To make their living, the) combined many activities such as cultivation, trade, and herding.

OR

Question 20C:
How did new demands for grain give a fillip to the Enclousure movement in the late 18th century in England?   [5]
Answer:
(i) Between 1750 and 1900, the population of England grew over four times, from 7 million in 1750 to 30 million in 1900.
(ii) Rapid explosion of population meant soaring demands for foodgrains. Soaring demands led to price rise and more profits for landlords.
(iii) During this period, Britain was on the path of industrialisation. This meant rapid urbanisation and migration of rural population into cities. This huge population of cities needed to buy foodgrains.
(iv) As urban population grew, the market for foodgrains expanded leading to soaring demands and soaring prices.
(v) By the end of the 18th century, war with France led to disruption in trade and import of foodgrains from Europe. Thus, prices of grains skyrocketed encouraging landlords to enclose lands and enlarge the area under grain production.

Question 21:
Which part of India receives rainfall in winter through retreating monsoon and why? [5]
Answer:
Most of the Tamil Nadu and coastal parts of Andhra Pradesh receives rainfall in winter. From the month of October sun starts moving southward, so temperature in these areas starts decreasing, thus low pressure zone over this area starts weakening. So monsoon starts retreating from this area. Meanwhile in the Bay of Bengal, low-pressure conditions are formed. This shift of low- pressure zone causes occurrence of cyclonic depressions. Till December temperature is high near the southermost part of India (that is near the equator) and thus pressure is low. there. So, dry winds coming back from Indian plains grains moisture as they move over the Bay of Bengal and precipitate over the Tamil Nadu and eastern coast as they change their direction from North-East to South-West.

Question 22:
Describe the ways in which Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha.   [5]
Answer:
(i) An ordinary law has to pass through both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In case of differences, a joint session is held. Since
Lok Sabha has a larger number of members, its will prevails.
(ii) Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once it passes the budget or the money bills, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. It can delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.
(iii) Lok Sabha controls the council of ministers. If the majority of Lok Sabha members say they have no confidence in the council of ministers, all ministers including the Prime Minister have to quit. Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

Question 23:
Why do we need rights in a democracy?    [5]
Answer:
(i) Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy. For democratic elections to take place, it is necessary that
citizens should have the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.
(ii) Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority they ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes.
(iii) Rights are guarantees which can be used when things go wrong. This usually happens when those in majority want to dominate those in minority.
(iv) The government should protect the citizens, rights in such a situation.
(v) In most democracies, the basic rights of the citizens are written down in the constitution.

Question 24:
Describe the role of cooperatives in promoting food security.            [5]
Answer:
(i) The cooperatives are playing an important role in food security in India. The cooperative societies set up shops to sell low
price goods to poor people. For example, in Tamil Nadu, 94 per cent of all fair price shops are being run by the cooperatives.
(ii) In Delhi, Mother Dairy is doing an excellent job in supplying milk and vegetables to the consumers at reasonable prices.
(iii) Amul is another success story of cooperatives in milk and milk products from Gujarat. It has brought about the white revolution in the country.
(iv) The cooperatives provide good quality food items at competitive prices. They run on the principle of no profit no loss.

Question 25:
Mention the main features of the Green Revolution.  [5]
Answer:
(i) The Green Revolution was launched in the 1960s to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains.
(ii) The measures adopted were : Wide use of HYV seeds, proper irrigation, use of fertilisers, weedicides and pesticides.
(iii) Only two crops were covered – wheat and rice.
(iv) Increase in foodgrain production was disproportionate – areawise and production wise.
(v) Many States – Maharashtra, M.R, Odisha, Bihar, eastern part of U.R, and northeastern states continued to remain behind whereas Punjab, Haryana, Western U.P., Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh gained the most.

Question 26:
Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of France.   [1]
(i) Bordeaux                                              (ii) Nantes
Answer:

Question 27:
Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world.      [1]
(i) Germany (Axis power).
(ii) Territories under Nazi power.
Answer:

Question 28:
Three items A, 8 and C are marked on the given outline political map of India. Identify these items with the help of the given information and write their correct names on the map. [3]
(A) — A river
(B) — A river
(C) —A lake

Note : The following questions are for the blind candidates only in lieu of Q.No. 26, 27 and 28.     [5]
(28.1) Name a port city in France famous for slave trade.
(28.2) Name another port city in France famous for slave trade.
(28.3) Where does Narmada river fall into?
(28.4) Where does Tapi river fall into?
(28.5) Where is Chilika Lake situated?
Answer:
(28.1) Nantes
(28.2) Bordeaux
(28.3) Arabian Sea
(28.4) Arabian Sea
(28.5) Odisha

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The post Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 5 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 1

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 1 (Unsolved)

1. Which French philosopher proposed a form of government based on social contract between people and their representatives?  [1]

2. Which countries comprised the Axis Powers during the Second World War?   [1]

3. Where do Alaknanda and Bhagirathi join together?  [1]

4. Which two island countries are India’s southern neighbours? [1]

5. In which island active volcano is found in Andaman & Nicobar Islands?  [1]

6. With whom does the final decision making power rest in a democracy?  [1]

7. Mention any two characteristics of modem farming.   [1]

8. How did philosophers influence the thinking of the people of France? Explain.   [3]

9. Why did Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917? Give reasons.   [3]

10. How do the Himalayan rivers perform erosional activities and form depositional features? [3]

11. When did Suez Canal start functioning and how did it benefit India?  [3]

12. Distinguish between folding and faulting.  [3]

13. “The Constitution of India begins with a short statement of its basic leaders.” Which three values of the constitution inspire you?   [3]

14. ‘Democracy allows people to correct their mistakes.’ How is this possible? Explain.   [3]

15. “The Constituent Assembly was a body of elected representatives that represented various social groups.” Give three arguments to support the statement.   [3]

16. How are human resources different from other factors of production? Explain in three points. [3]

17. Explain any three requirements for the production of goods and services.  [3]

18. How do large farmers utilise surplus farm products to arrange for capital needed for farming?     [3]

19A. Who are the Banjaras? Name two states where the Banjaras can be found in India. Write about the exchange of goods between Banjaras and the villagers.  [5]

OR

19B. By the early 19th century, oak forests in England were disappearing. What problem did it pose and how was it subsequently solved?

OR

19C. How did enclosures sweep by the end of 18th century in England? Explain.

20A. How do the alternation of the monsoon and dry season impact the cyclical movement of the cattle-herders of the plateau region? Explain.   [5]

OR

20B. How far is it correct to say that shifting cultivation is a global phenomenon?

OR

20C. How did the enclosure movement proceed in England? Explain,

21. Describe the onset of monsoon in Indian context. [5]

22. ‘A secular state has no official religion.’ Explain. [5]

23. Describe the post election activities undertaken by the Election Commission. [5]

24. Explain the principal measures taken in Punjab, Kerala and West Bengal, to reduce poverty. [5]

25. “Poverty is a curse for humanity.” Justify. [5]

26. Two items A and B are marked on the given outline map of France. Identify these items with the help of the given information and write their correct names on the map.   [1]
(A)  Storm-centre of the French Revolution.
(B) A city related to the National Anthem of France.

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world. [1]
(i) Turkey — A major Central Power during First World War.
(ii) Russia — A major Allied Power during First World War.

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of the world.
(i) Delhi
(ii) Shillong
On the same map identify and name the item A.
(A) — A type of vegetation.                                                                                                              [3]

Note: The following questions are for the visually impaired candidates only in lieu of  Q. No. 26, 27, and 28. [5]
(28.1) Name the city which was the storm centre of the French Revolution.
(28.2) Name the city of France related to the National Anthem of France.
(28.3) Where is Kanha National Park located?
(28.4) Shillong is the capital of which state?
(28.5) Name a region of Montane forest in India.

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 1 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 2

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 2 (Unsolved)

1. Who was the king of France when the French Revolution took place? [1]

2. Who was the Tsar of Russia when the Russian Revolution took place? [1]

3. Which type of drainage pattern is made by Narmada river? [1]

4. Name the Standard Meridian of India for Indian Standard Time? [1]

5. Which is the oldest landmass of India? [1]

6. When did Zimbabwe attain independence from the white minority rule? [1]

7. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards education of children of which age group?   [1]

8. Explain any three features of the constitution of France drafted in 1791. [3]

9. Who were Soviets? Describe their role in the revolution. [3]

10. Describe any three important features of the Kaveri Basin. [3]

11. Distinguish between population growth and population change. [3]

12. How do rapid urbanisation and industrialisation cause river pollution? [3]

13. “Values that inspired and guided the freedom struggle and in turn were nurtured by   it, formed the foundation of India’s democracy.” Examine any three values that you learn from the freedom struggle.  [3]

14. Which party was ruling in China in 2002? Mention its two features. [3]

15. What distinguishes democracy from other forms of government? Explain by giving three points.   [3]

16. “Development of population into human resource leads to development of nation.” Explain with three examples.   [3]

17. Explain the concept of multiple cropping with example. [3]

18. Explain any three causes of poverty in India. [3]

19A. Which Indian forest communities rebelled against the forest rules and under whom? Why? [5]

OR

19B. Why did the poor in England oppose the threshing machines? Who was captain Swing?

OR

19C. How does the interaction of pastoralists with other communities benefit both? Explain with an example.

20A. How did the Forest Act cause severe hardships for villagers across the country?     [5]

OR

20B. How did the life of pastoralists change under colonial rule?

OR

20C. Describe the major features of the ‘open field system’ prevailing in the villages in England in England in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

21. Why does temperature in India vary from one place to another? Explain     [5]

22. Suggest any five ways to make a state secular. [5]

23. Describe the different institutions involved in the decision making process in Indian democracy.  [5]

24. Explain the planks on which the current anti-poverty strategy of the government is based. [5]

25. Describe global poverty trends. [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France. [1]
(i) Bordeaux
(ii) Nantes

27. Two features A and B are given on the outline map of the world. Identify these features with the help of the given information and write their names on the map. [1]
(A) A major Allied Power during the First World War.
(B) A major Axis Power during the Second World War.

28. Three items A, B and C are marked on the given outline political map of the world. Identify these items with the help t>f the given information and write their names on the map. [3]
(A)  — A lake
(B)  — An area receiving over 400 cm rainfall
(C)  — A type of natural vegetation

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Name a port city in France famous for slave trade.
(28.2) Name a major Axis Power in Asia during the Second World War.
(28.3) In which state is Vembanad Lake found?
(28.4) Name an area receiving more than 400 cm rainfall.
(28.5) Name an area of Thom forests in India.

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 2 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 3

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 3 (Unsolved)

1. Who was Mirabeau? [1]

2. Who was V.I. Lenin? [1]

3. Amarkantak hills, marble rocks and Dhuadhar Falls are associated with which river? [1]

4. Which country’s land boundary is surrounded with India’s land boundary in North west? [1]

5. Which land form of India was formed by the breaking and drifting of the Gondwanaland? [1]

6. What is meant by Preamble? [1]

7. What is disguised unemployment? [1]

8. What type of an economy existed in Russia before the Revolution? [3]

9. Explain three reasons that led to the German invasion of Soviet Union. [3]

10. Explain the concept of water divide with special reference to Ganga and Indus river systems.Also, name the main distributaries of Ganga.  [3]

11. Name the three sections into which Northern Plain has been divided. Write one feature of each.   [3]

12. “While it is still dark in Gujarat, the sun has already risen in Arunachal Pradesh.” Justify the statement. [3]

13. What values are associated with Universal Adult Franchise? Explain. [3]

14. How was the practise of racial discrimination carried out in South Africa. Mention three, oppressive measures.  [3]

15. Express the basic ideas accepted by all leaders before the drafting of the constitution. [3]

16. Describe the distribution of land among farmers in Palampur. [3]

17. Explain any three consequences of unemployment. [3]

18. Apart from agriculture what are the other economic activities of the People of Palampur. Explain any three such activities.  [3]

19. “Ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy of the French Revolution.” Explain the statement in the light of the French Revolution.  [5]

20A. How did the Indian pastoralists cope with the changes that were brought about by the British colonial officials?   [5]

OR

20B. Explain any five causes of deforestation in India under the colonial rule.

OR

20C. Who created the early enclosures? How were the poor affected by enclosures?

21. Identify the most widespread forests of India. What is its other name. Distinguish between moist deciduous forest and dry deciduous forest.  [5]

22. How does the constitution make sure that fundamental rights are honoured? Explain. [5]

23. “The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers.” Justify the statement. [5]

24. Define poverty line. Why does the poverty line vary with time and place? [5]

25. Give a brief account of interstate disparities in poverty in India. [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France. [1]
(i) Nantes                                                             (ii) Paris

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world.    [1]
(A) Italy (Axis Power)
(B) UK (Allied Power) during Second World War.

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.     [3]
(i) Bengaluru
(ii) Ranthambhor National Park
(iii) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28.     [5]
(28.1)  Why is Marseilles famous?
(28.2)  Name an Axis Power during Second World War.
(28.3)  Name the capital of Karnataka.
(28.4)  Name the state having highest sex ratio (2011 Census)
(28.5)  Name the state having the lowest density of population.

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 3 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 4

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 4 (Unsolved)

1. Name the pamphlet written by Abbe Sieyes. [1]

2. When did Napoleon become the emperor of France? [1]

3. Which state has the highest density of population? [as per Census 2011]   [1]

4. Which is the largest state according to area? [as per Census 2011]   [1]

5. Which state has the highest sex ratio? [as per Census 2011]    [1]

6. How long did Nelson Mandela remain in Jail? Name the prison. [1]

7. Define human resource. Name the prison. [1]

8. State the verdict of the Naremberg Tribunal. Why did the Allies not favour harsh punishment on Germany?  [3]

9. Explain three main features of the Nazi cult of motherhood. [3]

10. In which hemisphere does India lie? Name the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Indian mainland.  [3]

11. What is a lake? Explain the importance of lakes. [3]

12. Classify lakes into three categories. Also, give examples for each category. [3]

13. Define democracy and explain its main features. [3]

14. Mention three main features of Apartheid as practised in South Africa. [3]

15. What is a constitution? Explain the role of constitution in a country. [3]

16. Describe the infrastructural development in Palampur. How does it support the various occupations?   [3]

17. During the 1980s, 80% of Indian population was dependent on agriculture sector but gradually it decreased. Analyse the reasons.  [3]

18. Why does educated unemployment become so widespread in urban areas? [3]

19A. What were the provisions of “The Indian Forest Act of 1878”? What were their consequences on the forest dwellers?  [5]

OR

19B. Describe the seasonal movement of the Gaddi shepherds.

OR

19C. Whom did the Enclosure Movement benefit? How?

20A. “In the colonial period, cultivation expanded rapidly for a variety of reasons.” Explain three reasons.    [5]

OR

20B. Who were the Raikas? How and why did they combine cultivation with pastoralism?

OR

20C. “The history of opium production in India was linked up with the story of British trade with China.” How? Explain.

21. Name the region where Sundari tree is found. What are various uses of Sundari trees? To which type of forest does it belong?   [5]

22. When and how were the recommendations of the Mandal Commission implemented? Mention various recommendations of the Mandal Commission.  [5]

23. Distinguish between the permanent executive and political executive. Mention any three functions of the permanent executive.   [5]

24. Write a short note on the following : [5]
(a) MNREGA
(b) Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana

25. “The cooperatives and NGOs are playing an important rule in ensuring food security in India.” Justify the statement giving appropriate examples.  [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France.         [1]
(i) Marseilles
(ii) Nantes

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world.  [1]

(i) Ottoman Empire. (Major Central Power during First World War).
(ii) America (Major Allied Power during First World War).

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India. [3]
(i) Chennai
(ii) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary
(iii) State having lowest sex ratio (as per 2011 Census)

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Name a port city famous for slave trade in France.
(28.2) Name an Allied Power during First World War.
(28.3) Chennai is the capital of which state of India?
(28.4) Where is Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary located?
(28.5) Name the state having the lowest sex ratio.

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 4 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 5

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 5 (Unsolved)

1. Who bore the burden of taxation during the ‘Old Regime’ in France?      [1]

2. Name two victorious powers after the Second World War.     [1]

3. What is an water divide?     [1]

4. Define ‘Dendritic pattern’ of drainage.    [1]

5. What is a Terai region?  [1]

6. Who played a decisive role in the integration of the princely states into India?   [1]

7. What is Birth Rate?   [1]

8. Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’.   [3]

9. Describe what happened to Germany after her defeat in the First World War.      [3]

10. Why is the difference in the duration of day and night very little in Kanyakumari compared to the northern part of the country? Give specific reasons.   [3]

11. Distinguish between the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.   [3]

12. Where would you find the most volcanoes and earthquake zones in the world? Why? [3]

13. Why has India never had a famine of the level which occurred in China during 1958-61? [3]

14. Explain the guiding values of the Indian Constitution.   [3]

15. Explain any three minimum conditions of a democratic election.    [3]

16. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?    [3]

17. Discuss the employment scenario in the three sectors of Indian economy.   [3]

18. Throw light on the problems of educated employment in India.     [3]

19A. Explain the impact of the two world wars on forests in India and Indonesia.     [5]

OR

19B. Who were the Banjaras? How was their life different from that of the Raikas?

OR

19C. Describe three reasons why were the indian cultuvators unwilling to turn their fields over to poppy?

20A. Explain shifting cultivation giving examples.   [5]

OR

20B. Describe the lifestyle and activities of the Gujjar Bakarwals of j & k

OR

20C. Why did the British parliament pass 4000 Enclosure Acts? Whom did they benefit? How?

21. Why is agriculture considered a seasonal activity? Describe the employment scenario in agriculture and allied activities.  [5]

22. Describe the powers of the Supreme Court of India. [5]

23. Explain the various aspects of Freedom of speech and expression. [5]

24. Explain the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items. [5]

25. Distinguish between Tropical Evergreen Forests and Deciduous Forests. Give suitable examples. [5]

26.Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France. [1]
(i) Bordeaux                                        (ii) Paris

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world. [1]
(i) Territories under Nazi power
(ii) Italy (An Axis power)

28. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given outline political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the given information and write their correct names on the map. [3]
(A)  — A vegetation type
(B)  — An area receiving less than 20 cm rainfall.
(C)  — A lake

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1)   Why is Bordeaux famous in French history?
(28.2)   Name an Axis Power.
(28.3)   Name an area of Evergreen Forests in India.
(28.4)   Name a region receiving less than 20 cm annual rainfall in India.
(28.5)   In which state is Sambhar Salt Lake situated?

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CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 6

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 6 (Unsolved)

1. When was slavery finally abolished in French colonies?     [1]

2. Who were the ‘Kulaks’?       [1]

3. Name an artificial lake located in Andhra Pradesh.     [1]

4. Which is the largest peninsular river?   [1]

5. Name two west flowing rivers.      [1]

6. When was the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly held?  [1]

7. Which sector is also called Service Sector?   [1]

8. Describe the legacy of the French Revolution.     [3]

9. Explain the social utopia of the Nazis.    [3]

10. How has India’s geographic location aided the nation? Explain.     [3]

11. What do you mean by tectonic or lithospheric plates?    [3]

12. Describe the location and relief of the Thar Desert.    [3]

13. Give an example to prove that the global institution, IMF, fails to pass the simple test of democracy that is used for national governments.    [3]

14. How can you say that every government that holds an election is not a democracy?   [3]

15. Give a description of the composition of the Constituent Assembly of India.  [3]

16. What can be done to ensure more non-farm production activities in villages?     [3]

17. What is the role of education in human capital formation?    [3]

18. Differentiate between disguised employment and seasonal unemployment.  [3]

19A. What was Samin’s challenge? How did the Dutch react to it?    [5]

OR

19B. ‘Under colonial rule, the life of pastoralists changed dramatically.’ Justify the statement by giving four seasons.

OR

19C. How did Indian cultivators respond to their entry into the modem world of international trade and commerce? Discuss taking the example of opium.

20A. ‘The Forest Act meant severe hardship for villages across the country.’ Explain.   [5]

OR

20B. Describe the seasonal movement of the Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh.

OR

20C. ‘As China became a country of opium addicts, British trade flourished.’ Comment.

21. Describe the mechanism of the Monsoons in India. [5]

22. Mention two ways in which it can be proved that the President does not have any real powers.What can the President really do on his/her own?        [5]

23. Bring out the main features of the Right to Freedom of Religion.    [5]

24. Describe the main problems in the functioning of ration shops. [5]

25. Bring out the various aspects of the Green Revolution in India.   [5]

26. Two features A and B are marked on the given outline map of France.Identify these features with the help of the given information and write their correct names on the map.    [1]
(i) A port city famous for slave trade.
(ii) A city related to the National Anthem of France.

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world. [1]
(i) Russia (Major Allied Power during First World War)
(ii) Germany (Major Central Power during First World War)

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.     [1]
(i) Thiruvananthapuram
(ii) State having lowest density of population (as per 2011 Census)
(iii) Largest state according to area.

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Which southern city is related to the national anthem of France?
(28.2) Name the main centre of the French Revolution.
(28.3) Which is the capital of Kerala?
(28.4) Which state has the lowest density of population as per 2011 Census?
(28.5) Which is the largest state according to area?

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 6 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 7

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 7 (Unsolved)

1. Who was Olympe de Gouges? [1]

2. Name two Allied Powers during the Second World War. [1]

3. Which tributary of Ganga comes from the peninsular uplands? [1]

4. What is the outermost range of the Himalayas called? [1]

5. What is a river system? [1]

6. When did USSR disintegerate into 13 independent republics? [1]

7. Which crops were covered by the Green Revolution in the 1960s? [1]

8. Describe any three causes of the French Revolution. [3]

9. Why was the decision to collectivise farms taken in former USSR? [3]

10. The Tropic of Cancer passes half-way through the country. What does this imply? [3]

11. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India. [3]

12. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India? [3]

13. Describe one of the major demands made in the 19th century in the struggle for democracy.    [3]

14. In China, elections are held after every five years. In spite of this, China does not have a democratic government. Why?   [3]

15. What did Ambedkar mean by ‘contradiction’ in his speech to the Constituent Assembly?Discuss.    [3]

16. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land. [3]

17. Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital and human capital?Why?  [3]

18. Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India. [3]

19A. What are the similarities between colonial management of forests in Bastar and in Java? [5]

OR

19B. What measures were adopted by the colonial government in India to expand its revenue income? Explain various sources of taxation.

OR

19C. Which sections of society benefitted from the Enclosure Movement in England? Who were the losers?

20A. How did Forest Rules affect cultivation?    [5]

OR

20B. Describe the life and movement of Dhangars of Maharashtra.

OR

20C. Give five reasons for Captain Swing Riots.

21. What are the advantages of having a healthy population? Discuss.      [5]

22. Describe the powers of Indian President.    [5]

23. Explain the main features of the Cultural and Educational Rights.   [5]

24. What is a subsidy? How does it help the consumers and domestic producers?    [5]

25. What is Buffer Stock? Why is it created in India?     [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the outline map of France.
(i) Nantes                                            (ii) Paris

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world.         [1]
(i) Japan — An Axis Power
(ii) Austria — Hungary — Central Power

28. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given outline political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the given information and write their names on the map. [3]
(i) — A lake.
(ii) — A natural vegetation
(iii) — A river

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Why is Nantes famous in history of France.
(28.2) Name an epicentre of the French Revolution.
(28.3) Where is Lake Kolleru situated?
(28.4) Name an area of Tropical Evergreen Forest in Northeast India.
(28.5) Where is Rajaji Wildlife Sanctuary located?

The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 7 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 8

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 8 (Unsolved)

1. Who wrote the pamphlet called ‘What is the Third Estate’? [1]

2. Define ‘Holocaust’. [1]

3. Which city is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems? [1]

4. What is a drainage basin? [1]

5. What is the name given to western coastal strip south of Goa? [1]

6. When was the Constitution of India enforced? [1]

7. Give two examples of Secondary Activities. [1]

8. Describe the contribution of French philosophers towards the French Revolution. [3]

9. Why was Nazism considered a calamity not only for Germany but for the entire Europe? [3]

10. What do you know about the coastal plains? [3]

11. Mention three points of difference between converging and diverging tectonic plates. [3]

12. Mention three important features of the Himalayan rivers. [3]

13. Mention the general criticism of democracy by various scholars. Give any three points. [3]

14. What do you understand by secularism? Why is India called a secular country? [3]

15. ‘Democracy is based on consultation and discussion.’ Explain. [3]

16. Describe any three main features of the Green Revolution. [3]

17. What part does health play in an individual’s working life? Discuss. [3]

18. How did the 10th Five year plan lay emphasis on higher education? Explain. [3]

19A. Who was Dietrich Brandis? What changes did he bring in forest management in  colonial India?  [5]

OR

19B. Give four reasons for loss of pasture by the Maasais of Africa.

OR

19C. Explain any four benefits of the Enclosure Movement for England.

20A. How are forests affected by wars? Explain.       [5]

OR

20B. Why and how did the Maasai community lose their grazing grounds?

OR

20C. Explain the consequences of westard expansion of settlers in the USA?

21. Write a short note on the flora and fauna of India. [5]

22. Compare and contrast between political and permanent executive of the country giving examples.     [5]

23. Explain the importance of Right to Constitutional Remedies. [5]

24. Describe the measures taken by the government in providing food [5]

25. ‘A section of people in India are still without food.’ Explain. [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France. [1]
(i) Marseilles                                       (ii) Bordeaux

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world. [1]
(i) Japan — (Major Axis Power)
(ii) France (Major Allied Power)

28. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given outline political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the given information and write their names on the map. [3]
(A) — A mountain
(B) — A river
(C) — Area receiving less than 20 cm rainfall.

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Why is Bordeaux famous in history of France?
(28.2) Why is Marseilles famous in history of France?
(28.3) Where is Mountain K2 located?
(28.4) Where does Mahanadi river originate?
(28.5) Name an area in north India receiving less than 20 cm annual rainfall.

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 8 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 9

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 9 (Unsolved)

1. When was France declared a republic?      [1]

2. Which class of people seized power in France after the fall of the Jacobin government? [1]

3. Which rivers make the Sunderbans delta?    [1]

4. What is Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand?    [1]

5. What is Deccan Trap?    [1]

6. Name the only Asian country which is a permanent member of the Security Council. [1]

7. Name one Kharif and one Rabi crop.    [1]

8. Mention any three important effects of the Russian Revolution on Russia.    [3]

9. Make a comparison between Nazi ideology and Hitler’s world view.    [3]

10. Discuss the significance of India’s geographic location.  [3]

11. Why is Northern Plain called the granary of India?    [3]

12. Describe briefly the formation of the Himalayas.  [3]

13. Do you agree with the view that democracy is the best government to resolve differences and conflicts? How?   [3]

14. Do you think Indian Constitution is rigid or flexible or both? Give suitable arguments. [3]

15. Mention three arguments in power of democracy. [3]

16. Highlight the relation between unemployment and economy of a country.  [3]

17. Explain how modem farming is dependent on industry.    [3]

18. ‘Unemployment is an economic as well as a social evil.’ Comment.    [3]

19A. Describe the reasons for the forest rebellion in Bastar in 1919. How did the British react to the rebellion?     [5]

OR

19B. ‘British officials were suspicious of nomadic people.’ Why? What steps did the British take to make these tribes law abiding?

OR

19C. What lessons do you leam from the conversion of the countryside in the USA from a bread basket to a dust bowl?

20A. How did hunting of big game became a sport in India?      [5]

OR

20B. How did the pastoralists cope with changes?

OR

20C. ‘From the late 19th century, there was a dramatic expansion of wheat production in the USA.’ Explain.

21. Describe the major natural vegetation types and mention all major plants and animal found in  these regions.  [5]

22. How is a major policy decision taken by the Union government? Explain with the help of an example.  [5]

23. Mention the rights guaranteed to its citizens by the Constitution of South Africa. [5]

24. Describe various activities undertaken in the three sectors of economy. [5]

25. What is food security? How is food security affected during a calamity? [5]

26. Two features A and B are marked on the given outline map of France. Identify these features with the help of the given information and write their correct names on the map.   [1]
(A) An epicentre of the French Revolution.
(B) A port city in France famous for slave trade.

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of world. [1]
(i) Italy — An Axis Power
(ii) USSR — An Allied Power during the Second World War.

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.
(i) Malabar Coast
(ii) Simplipal National Park
(iii) Anaimudi Mountain

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Name a city which was the epicentre of the French Revolution.
(28.2) Name a port city in France famous for slave trade.
(28.3) Where is Malabar Coast located?
(28.4) In which state is Simplipal National Park located?
(28.5) Name the highest peak in the Western Ghats.

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The post CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 9 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Sample Papers for Final Board Exams Class 9 Social Science – Paper 10

(For Annual Examination to be held in and after March 2018 and onwards) Based on the latest syllabi and Design of the Question Paper released by the C.B.S.E New Delhi

Strictly based on the Latest Scheme Of Assessement, the latest Syllabus and Design of the Question paper released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi effective from academic year 2017-18.

MODEL TEST PAPER 10 (Unsolved)

1. Who was Leon Trotski? [1]

2. Who was the propaganda minister of Hitler? [1]

3. Define centrifugal pattern of drainage. [1]

4. What is the Jet Stream? [1]

5. What are often referred to as ‘mango showers’? [1]

6. Give an argument against democracy. [1]

7. Give an example each of Primary and Tertiary Sector. [1]

8. Describe any three events leading to the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia. [3]

9. How did Hitler reconstruct Germany? [3]

10. Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains? Explain. [3]

11. Describe the main features of the Purvanchal Himalayas. [3]

12. Describe any three steps taken by the government to protect the flora and fauna of the country.   [3]

13. “Democracy is better than any other forms of government because it allows us to correct its own mistakes.” Discuss.  [3]

14. Describe the meaning of the following words contained in the Preamble of Indian
Constitution:                                                                                                                       [3]
(a) We, the people of India
(b) Sovereign
(c) Socialist

15. What makes an election democratic? Describe any three conditions of a democratic election. [3]

16. Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages? [3]

17. How will you explain the term employment? [3]

18. Describe poverty trends in India since 1973. [3]

19A. How did Forest Rules affect cultivation? Explain      [5]

OR

19B. How did the pastoralists cope with changes? Explain.

OR

19C. How were unwilling cultivators made to produce opium? Discuss.

20A. Why did cultivation expand so rapidly under the colonial period? Explain.  [5]

20B. Describe the seasonal movement of the Dhangars of Maharashtra.

OR

20C. Describe various reasons for spread of the Captain Swing Riots in England.

21. Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond? What do you understand by “break” in monsoons?  [5]

22. Give two arguments in favour of democracy and two against democracy.   [5]

23. Discuss the philosophy of Indian Constitution. [5]

24. Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India. [5]

25. Do you believe that the Green Revolution has made India self-sufficient in foodgrains? How? [5]

26. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of France. [1]
(A) Nantes                             (B) Paris

27. Locate and label the following on the given outline map of the world.  [1]
(i)  Ottoman Empire — Major Central Power during First World War.
(ii) America — Major Allied Power during First World War.

28. Locate and label the following on the given outline political map of India.    [3]
(i) Mountain Kanchenjunga
(ii) Malwa Plateau
(iii) Karakoram Range

Note : The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 26, 27, & 28. [5]
(28.1) Name a port city famous for slave trade in France.
(28.2) Name the capital of France.
(28.3) In which state is Kanchenjunga located?
(28.4) Name two states covered by the Malwa Plateau?
(28.5) Name the northernmost mountain range of India.

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NCERT Solutions for class 8 English Honeydew The Great Stone Face-I

QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK

COMPREHENSION CHECK (PAGE 129)

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of the following statements.
1. The Great Stone Face stood near where Ernest and his mother lived.
2. One would clearly distinguish the features of the Stone Face only from a distance.
3. Ernest loved his mother and helped her in her work.
4. Though not very rich, Gathergold was a skilful merchant.
5. Gathergold died in poverty and neglect.
6. The Great Stone Face seemed to suggest that Ernest should not fear the general.
Answer:
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True

WORKING WITH THE TEXT (Page 130)

Answer the following questions.
Question 1:
(i) What was the Great Stone Face?
(ii) What did Young Ernest wish when he gazed at it?
Answer:
(i) The Great Stone Face was the work of nature. The rocks were put one over the other on the mountain side. They resembled the features of a human face.
(ii) Young Ernest wished that the stone face could speak. He wished to love the man dearly whoever resembled that face.

Question 2:
What was the story attributed to the Stone Face?
Answer:
The story attributed to the Stone Face was that some day a child with the likeness of that face would be born. He would become the greatest and noblest person of his age.

Question 3:
What gave the people of the valley the idea that the prophecy was about to come true for the first time?
Answer:
A youngman named Gathergold had left the valley many years ago. By the time he grew old, he had grown rich. When he returned to his native valley, a rumour spread that he resembled the Stone Face. People thought that the prophecy had come true.

Question 4:
(i) Did Ernest see in Gathergold the likeness of the Stone Face?
(ii) Who did he confide in and how was he proved right?
Answer:
(i) No, Ernest did not see any likeness of the Stone Face in Gathergold.
(ii) He confided in the Great Stone Face. After Gathergold’s death as his wealth and gold had already disappeared, it was generally agreed that Gathergold had no resemblance with the Great Stone Face.

Question 5:
(i) What made people believe General Blood- and-Thunder was their man?
(ii) Ernest compared the man’s face with the Stone Face. What did he conclude?
Answer:
(i) General Blood-and-thunder had risen to high position from a soldier. When he returned to the valley, his childhood friends said that the General had always looked like the Stone Face.
(ii) Ernest could not find any likeness between the General and the Stone Face.

WORKING WITH THE LANGUAGE (Page 130)

Question 1:
Look at the following words.
Like — likeness
punctual — punctuality
The words on the left are adjectives and those on the right are their noun forms.
Write the noun forms of the following words by adding -ness or -itv to them appropriately. Check the spelling of the new words.
(i) lofty _____________
(ii) able _____________
(iii) happy _____________
(iv) near _____________
(v) noble _____________
(vii) pleasant _____________
(viii) dense _____________
(ix) great _____________
(x) stable _____________
Answer:
(i) loftiness (ii) ability (iii) happiness (iv) nearness (v) nobility (vi) enormity (vii) pleasantness
(viii) density (ix) greatness (x) stability

Question 2:
Add-iv to each of the following adjectives, then use them to fill in the blanks.

(i) Why didn’t you turn up at the meeting? We all were ______ waiting for you.
(ii) ______ write your name and address in capital letters.
(iii) I was______ surprised to see him at the railway station. I thought he was not coming.
(iv) It is______ believable that I am not responsible for this mess.
(v) He fell over the step and ______ broke his arm.
Answer:
(i) eagerly (ii) kindly (iii) pleasantly (iv) perfectly (v) nearly

Question 3:
Complete each sentence below using the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.
(i) I ______ (phone) you when I (get) home from school.
(ii) Hurry up! Madam  ______ (be) annoyed if we ______ (be) late.
(iii) If it ______ (rain) today, we ______ (not) go to the play.
(iv) When you  ______ (see) Mandal again, you  ______ (not/recognise) him. He is growing a beard.
(v) We are off today. We  ______  (write) to you after we ______ (be) back.
Answer:
(i) shall phone: get (ii) will be; are (iii) rains, shall not go (iv) see; will not recognise (v) shall write; are

SPEAKING AND WRITING (Page 131)

Question 1:
Imagine you are Ernest. Narrate the story that his mother told him.
Begin like this: My mother and I were sitting at the door of our cottage. We were looking at the Great Stone Face. I asked her if she had ever seen any one who looked like the Stone Face. Then she told me this story.
Answer:
She had heard that story from her own Mother that some day a child would be born resembling the Stone Face. In manhood he would become the greatest and noblest person of his time.

Question 2:
Imagine you are Gathergold. Write briefly the incident of your return to the valley.
Begin like this: My name is Gathergold. I left the valley of the Great Stone Face fifty years ago. I am now going back home. Will the people of the valley welcome me? Do they know that I am very rich?
Answer:
I drove to my native village in a horse drawn carriage. The people mistook me for the Great Stone Face. They welcomed me and shouted, “Sure enough, the old prophecy is true and the great man has arrived at last”.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
What is the significance of the Great Stone Face?
Answer:
The Stone Face was a work of nature. It was formed on the side of a mountain by rocks. Viewed from a distance, those rocks looked like the features of a human face. People linked stories to that face. The people living in that valley believed that some day a great and noble person with the likeness of that face would come.

Question 2:
What did the spectator see when he went near the Great Stone Face?
Answer:
When the spectator went near the Great Stone Face, he lost the outline of the enormous face and could see only a heap of gigantic rocks, piled one upon an¬other.

Question 3:
How did Ernest grow up to be a mild and quiet youth?
Answer:
Ernest never forgot of the story that his mother told him. He was dutiful to his mother and helpful to her many things, assisting her much with his little hands, and .more with his loving heart. In this manner he grew up to be a mild and quiet youth.

Question 4:
How did Gathergold become rich?
Answer:
Gathergold was a young man when he left his native valley and settled at a distant seaport. He set up there as a shopkeeper. He was very sharp in business matters and therefore became very rich in a very short span of time.

Question 5:
How did people’s opinion change about Gathergold after his death?
Answer:
Gathergold died one day. His wealth had disappeared before his death. Since the melting away of his gold, it had been generally believed that there was no like¬ness between the ruined merchant and the majestic face upon the mountain.

II. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
What was the prophecy connected with the Stone Face? Did it come true?
Answer:
The prophecy is a statement about some event in future. The people of the valley believed that the Stone Face was auspicious for them. It made the land fertile with its gaze.
The old prophecy about the Stone Face was that at some future day a child would be born there who will grow up to become great and noble. The child would look like the Stone Face. Some people thought it was just idle talk. It appears finally Ernest himself would be declared to be the great man resembling the Stone Face.

Question 2:
Who was Ernest? What personal qualities made him great?
Answer:
Ernest was a little boy who lived with his Mother in a valley. His interest grew in the Great Stone Face which smiled on him. His Mother told him the prophecy about that Face. The boy never forgot that story. He spent hours looking at that face. He regarded it as his teacher. He was inspired to be noble, kind and helpful. These qualities could make him the man with the likeness of the Face.

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NCERT Solutions for class 8 English Honeydew The The Duck and the Kangaroo

QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK

WORKING WITH THE POEM (PAGE 99)

Question 1:
Taking words that come at the end of lines, write five pairs of rhyming words. Read each pair aloud.
For example, pond — beyond
Answer:
Kangaroo — too; hop — stop
back — quack; pond — beyond;
duck — luck.;

Question 2:
Complete the dialogue.
Duck : Dear Kangaroo! Why don’t you
Kangaroo : With pleasure, my dear Duck, though
                     ___________________________
Duck : That won’t be a problem. I will
                     ___________________________
Answer:
Duck: Dear Kangaroo, why don’t you plan a world tour with-with me.
Kangaroo: With pleasure,my dear Duck though I am afraid your webbed feet would trouble me.
Duck: That won’t, be a problem. I will cover them with woollen socks.

Question 3:
The Kangaroo does not want to catch ‘rheumatism. Spot this word in stanza 3
and say why it is spelt differently. Why is it in two parts? Why does the second part begin with a capital letter?
Answer:
roo — Matiz = rheumatism
The word ‘roo’ rhymes with the Kangaroo.
The other word ‘Matiz’ refers subtly to rheumatism. The word ‘rheumatism’ has been split in two parts for the sake of rhyme and a disease.

Question 4:
Do you find the poem humorous? Read aloud lines that make you laugh.
Answer:
Yes, the poem is humorous. Take for example:
“But quite at the end of my tail.”
“And every day a cigar I’ll smoke”.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

Question 1:
Narrate the story of the Duck and the Kangaroo in about 50-60 words.
Answer:
The Duck and the Kangaroo were good friends. The Duck was feeling bored there in her pond. She wanted to see the world beyond. She requested the Kangaroo to let her ride on his back. She promised to sit still and silent on his tail-end. She also bought woollen socks and smoked cigar to keep her body warm. The two toured the world happily.

Question 2:
What conditions did the Kangaroo lay down for giving his friend a ride? How did the Duck fulfil them?
Answer:
The Kangaroo agreed to take the Duck on world tour on his back. But he was afraid that his friend’s cold, wet-feet would make him sick. The Duck promised to sit still and silent on the Kangroo’s tail. She bought woollen socks to cover her wet-feet with. She also smoked a cigar to keep the cold out.

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CBSE Class 10 English Grammar – Tenses

I. How would you define the term ‘Tense’?
The term ‘Tense’ denotes the form of a verb which shows the time at which an action happened. So, the tense shows two things : (i) the time of the action (iii) state expressed by the verb.
Look at these sentences:

• Reshma goes to school.
• Reshma went to school.
• Reshma will go to school.

In the above sentences (i) ‘goes’ (ii) ‘went’ and (iii) ‘will go’ are verbs.
In sentence (i), the verb ‘goes’ denotes the present tense and refers to the present time.
In sentence (ii), the verb ‘went’ denotes the past tense and refers to the past time.
In sentence (iii), the verb ‘will go’ denotes the future tense and refers to the future time.
By ‘Tense’ we can understand the correspondence between the form of the verb and our concept of time (past, present and future).
II. ‘Time’ and ‘Tense’ are not the same thing. ‘Time’ is a universal concept. It has three divisions: past, present and future. ‘Tense’ is related only to the verb.
It is not necessary that if the verb is in the present tense, it will show only the present time. It is also not necessary that if the verb is in the past tense, it will show the past time.
Look at the sentences:

• The match takes place on Sunday.

Here the verb ‘takes place’ is in simple present tense but expresses an action that will take place in the future time.

• Mohan is about to come.

Here ‘present tense’ expresses the near future time.

• The Sun sets in the west.

It is a universal truth. Here, it stands for all the three times: past, present and future.
Note: Modem grammarians believe that there is no future tense in English to express future time. We use the modal auxiliaries ‘shall’ and ‘will’, with the present tense, etc. to express future time. But we are following the traditional grammarians in this book. According to them English has three tenses, (i) Present Tense (ii) Past Tense and (iii) Future Tense.
1. The following table shows the different forms of the verb:

2. Forms of the present Simple Tense:

• Thus we have seen that the Simple Present Tense is formed by using the plain infinitive. But -s or -es are added to the bare infinitive (i.e. infinitive without ‘to’) for the third person singular (He, She) and singular noun (Nitu)
• We form the negative sentences by using doesn’t or don’t before the main verb.
• The interrogative sentences are formed by using do or does before the subject.
• The negative interrogative sentences are formed by using do or does before the subject and not after the subject.

But the short forms don’t and doesn’t come before the Subject.

3. Uses of the Present Simple Tense:
The Simple Present Tense is used
(i) to express universal truths, facts, customs:

• The sun sets in the west.
• The earth revolves round the sun.
• Water freezes at 0° centigrade.
• The Hindus cremate their dead.

(ii) to express habitual actions:

• I go to temple daily.
• My father goes for a walk in the evening.
• He gets up at 4 a.m. daily.
• She walks to the office every day.

(iii) to express a permanent state:

• My house faces west.
• Delhi stands on the bank of the Yamuna.
• NH-1 (National Highway) leads to Amritsar.
• The house has four rooms.

(iv) in exclamatory sentences:

• Look out!
• Here comes the bus!
• There goes the train!

(v) in subordinate clauses beginning with ‘if and when’:

• If you request him, he will help you.
• If he works hard, he will pass.
• When you go there, try to meet him.

(vi) in imperative sentences:

• Let us go out for a walk.
• Obey your elders.
• Shut the door.
• Please, give me a glass of water.

(vii) to indicate a planned future action or series of actions when they refer to a journey.

• He comes here tomorrow
• This aeroplane flies for London next week.
• Our examination commences on next Monday.
• We leave Delhi at 9 a.m and reach Amritsar at 3 p.m.

(viii) for narrative events in a dramatic way:

• The sound of firing is heard.
• Lights are switched on.
• The hero is seen lying dead on the stage.

(ix) in running commentaries on sports events:

• Mohit passes the ball to Rohit.
• Rohit hits the ball straight into the goal.

(x) to introduce quotations:

• Our teacher says, “Slow and steady wins the race.
• My father says, “Hard work is the key to success.

Note: We generally use the following adverbs or adverbial phrases in the present tense:
always, often, daily, generally, usually, everyday, every week, frequently, etc.

4. Present Progressive Tense

• Form
  

(i) The Present Progressive Tense is formed by adding present participle (verb + ing) to the present forms of the auxiliary,
be: am/is/are + present participle:

• I She is singing.
• I am working.
• They are sleeping.

(ii) The negative is formed by putting not after the auxiliary:

• She is not singing, (isn’t)
• I am not working, (ain’t)
• They are not sleeping, (aren’t)

(iv) The negative interrogative is formed by placing the auxiliary verbs before the subject and by placing not after the subject:

• Is she not singing? (Isn’t she … ?)
• Am I not working? (Ain’t I… ?)
• Are they not sleeping? (Aren’t they … ?)

Note: The negative interrogative form of ‘I am’ is Am I not? But the contracted form is: Ain’t I?
Uses of the Present Progressive Tense:
(i) The Present Progressive Tense is used for an action that is in progress at the time of speaking:

• He is reading a newspaper.
• The children are playing football.
• The girl is singing a song.
• I am doing my work.

(ii) It is used for an action that is in progress and will continue in future. It may not be going on at the time of speaking:

• He is learning English.
• My neighbour is writing a novel.

(iii) It is used to describe an action that is planned to take place in the near future:

• I am meeting him tomorrow.
• He is going to England next week.
• They are not coming here on Monday.

(iv) It is used to express disapproval of a persistent habit or something done again and again. We generally use adverbs such as always, constantly, repeatedly, etc:

• She is continually watching movies on T.V.
• He is always doing one mischief or the other.
• He is repeatedly making the same mistakes.
• They are constantly changing their statements.

Note: Verbs of perception and some other verbs are not generally used in the present progressive tense, for example see, smell, hear, taste, know, understand, hate, like, want, wish, etc.

5. Present Perfect Tense

• Form
  

(i) The present perfect tense has the form ‘have/has +past participle’, be verb + ed/en. Has is used with the third person singular and singular nouns and have is used with plural forms and I, we, you, they.

• She has written this essay.
• I have completed my work.
• They have helped me.

(ii) The negative sentences have the form ^‘have/has + not’ or haven’t, hasn’t in contracted form.

• We haven’t made any mistake.
• He hasn’t played with us.

(iii) The interrogative sentences have the form ‘have/has + subject’.

• Have you packed your all books?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting have/has before the subject and not after it or haven’t, hasn’t before the subject.

• Have you not finished your homework so far?

Uses of Present Perfect
The present perfect tense is used
(i) to express an action that has been recently completed:

• He has just left the place.
• Our team has won the match.
• She has finished her work.

(ii) for past actions whose time is not given:

• He has been to Agra.
• Has she cooked the lunch?
• I have met him before.

(iii) with adverbs like already, often, recently, yet,

• I have already read this novel.
• He has recently met the Prime Minister.
• She has not replied to my letter yet.

(iv) for an action which began in the past and is still continuing:

• They have lived in this city for a long time.
• He has been ill since Tuesday.
• I have always helped him.

6. Present Perfect Progressive Tense

• Form
  

(i) The Present Perfect Progressive Tense has the form ‘have/has+present participle’ (verb+ing):

• The farmers have been ploughing their fields since morning.
• The children have been playing for the last two hours.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing ‘not ’ after ‘have/has ’ and before ‘been ’:

• He has not been doing his work.
• I have not been going there.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by putting have/has before the

• Has he been doing his work?
• Have you been going there?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences have the form: ‘have/has + subject + not’ or ‘haven ’t/hasn ’t+subject

• Hasn’t he been doing his work?
• Have you not been going there?

Uses of the Present Perfect Progressive Tense:
The Present Perfect Progressive Tense is used
(i) to express an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing:

• It has been raining since morning.
• The farmers have been ploughing their fields since 8 o’clock.
• He has been working for the last two hours.
• She has been teaching for ten years.

(ii) to express an action which has already been finished:

• He has been watering the plants (but is not doing so now).
• She has been working all the day.
• I have been working in the field.

7. Simple Past Tense

• Form
  

(i) The Simple Past Tense is formed by using the past tense form of the verb:

• She sang.
• The children played.
• I wrote a letter.

(ii) The negative sentences have the form ‘did not/didn’t + the main verb ’:

• She did not sing.
• The children didn’t play.
• I did not write a letter.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘did before the subject and the base form of the verb after the subject:

• Did she sing?
• Did the children play?
• Did I write a letter?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘did’ before the subject and not ’ before the verb:

• Did she not sing? or Didn’t she sing?                   
• Didn’t the children play?

Uses of the Simple Past:
The Simple Past Tense is used
(i) to indicate an action that was completed in the past. Generally the adverbials of the past time are used:

• I went to Delhi yesterday.
• He wrote a letter to her last week.
• She met us two days ago.

(ii) sometimes without adverbials of time:

• My father congratulated me on my brilliant success.                                   
• Our team won the match.

(iii) for an activity done in the past:

• Satish studied for three hours.
• I swam for half an hour.
• We talked for five minutes,

(iv) to express a habitual or regular action in the past:

• My father always got up at 4 a.m.
• She visited the temple every day.
• He worked in his garden every Sunday.

(v) in conditional clauses:

• If you went there, you should meet him.
• If she worked hard, she would pass.
• If he accepted my advice, he would overcome his difficulty.

(vi) in the indirect form of speech:

• He said, “I work for eight hours every day.”
  He said that he worked for eight hours every day.
• My teacher said, “I pray to God for your success.”
  My teacher said that he prayed to God for our success.

8. The Past Progressive Tense

• Form
  

(i) The Past Progressive Tense has the form ‘‘was/were + present participle’ (verb + ing):

• He was writing a letter.
• The children were playing.
• The girls were singing.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing not between was/were and the present participle:

• He was not writing a letter.
• The children were not playing.
• The girls were not singing.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing was/were before the subject:

• Was he writing a letter?
• Were the children playing?
• Were the girls singing?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting was/were before the subject and not before the present participle. In contracted forms, we write wasn’t/weren’t.

• Was he not writing a letter?                                     Were the children not playing?
  Or                                                   Or                                       Or
• Wasn’t he writing a letter?                                             Weren’t the children playing?
  Were the girls not singing?                                            Weren’t the girls singing?

Uses of the Past Progressive Tense:
The Past Progressive Tense is used
(i) to express a state or an action that was continuing at a certain point of time in the past. It had begun before that point and was probably continuing after it. We use adverbials of time.

• She was cooking at 8 a.m.
• I was going to college in the morning.
• Was the farmer returning from his fields in the evening?

(ii) to express an action that was in progress in the past:

• He was sleeping.
• She was singing.
• I was reading a newspaper.

(iii) to express an action in progress at some point of time in the past when another event took place:

• She was watching T.V. when he came.
• He was reading a novel when the door bell rang.
• I was sleeping when my father came from his office.

(iv) to describe two or more actions continuing at the same time:

• While I was bathing, my sister was washing clothes.
• While he was doing homework, his brother was listening to songs.

(v) to indicate a frequently repeated action or persistent habit in the past:

• He was constantly complaining about something or the other.
• She was always finding fault with my work.
• Sohan was always smoking whether at home or in office.

9. Past Perfect Tense

• Form
  

(i) The Past Perfect Tense has the form ‘had+past participle’.

• He had taken his lunch.
• I had read this book before.
• She had never been to Agra.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing ‘not’ after ‘had’. The contracted form is ‘hadn’t

• He had not taken his lunch.
• I hadn’t read this book before.
• She had not been to Agra.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by using had before the subject:

• Had he taken his lunch?
• Had I read this book before?
• Had you ever been to Agra?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘had’ before the subject and ‘not’ before the past participle:

• Had he not taken his lunch?
• Had you not read this book before?
• Had you never been to Agra?

Uses of Past Perfect Tense:
The Past Perfect Tense is used:
(i) for an action that had been completed before another action began in the past:

• I had done my work before he came.
• The guests had already left when she reached there.

(ii) to describe an action taking place before a particular time in the past:

• By 2 p.m. all the students had left the school.
• By 6 a.m. he had left for Delhi.

(iii) to describe an action in the past which became the cause of another action:

• The child was crying because the father had beaten him.
• Sonu was weeping because he had lost his bag.

(iv) to describe an action in the past using the time adverbials such as already, since, before, etc:

• He had already left for Ludhiana.
• She had not come here since 1960.
• They had not met each other before.

(v) to express an unfulfilled wish:

• If you had worked hard, you would have passed.
• If they had left early, they would have caught the train.

10. Past Perfect Progressive Tense

• Form
  

(i) The Past Perfect Progressive Tense has the form ‘had + been + present participle’:

• They had been waiting here since morning.
• She had been dancing for half an hour.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by using ‘not’ between ‘had’ and ‘been’ (had not been):

• They had not been doing any work.
• She had not been dancing.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by using ‘had’ before the subject:

• Had they been doing any work?
• Had she been dancing for half an hour?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘had’ before the subject and ‘not’ before ‘been’:

• Had they not been waiting for us?
• Had she not been dancing for half an hour?

 Uses of Past Perfect Progressive Tense:
The Past Perfect Progressive Tense is used
(i) to describe an action in the past that had begun and had been going on for sometime before another action took place in the past:

• She had been dancing for half an hour when we reached there.
• The match had been going on for several hours.

(ii) to express a repeated action in the past:

• She had always been asking us for help.
• They had been trying to meet the Prime Minister.

(iii) to describe an action which began before the time of speaking in the past. The action either stopped before that time or continued upto it:

• The farmer had been ploughing since morning.
• The children had been playing for the last one hour.

11. Future Time Reference
Future time in English can be expressed in the following ways:
(i) Simple Present Tense
(ii) Present Progressive Tense
(iii) to be/be to
(iv) be about to
(v) be going to.

• The Simple Present Tense can be used to express a series of planned actions in the future, specially a journey.
  The meeting starts at 10 a.m.                                 He goes to Delhi tomorrow.

• The Present Progressive Tense is used when the planned action for the future is definite.
  They are leaving for Japan next week.                 We are visiting the Taj on Monday.

• To be/be to: ‘To be/be to’ is used to express a necessity or duty or something planned for the future:
  We are to be in the school at 8 a.m.                      I am to attend the meeting at 10 a.m.

• Be about to: ‘Be about to’ may be used to express events or actions which are likely to happen in a very short time.
  The train is about to leave.                                     The headmaster is about to come.
  The bell is about to ring.
• Be going to: ‘Be going to’ is used to refer to express events or actions that happen in the future as a result of present intention or situation:
  She is not going to give us money.                         Prices are going to rise.
  Do you think it is going to rain?

Note: We generally use the modals ‘shall’ and ‘will’ to express future time.

• Form:
  

(i) The future time is expressed by using “shall’ or ‘well’ with the base form of the verb:

• I shall go there tomorrow.
• They will come here in the evening.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing ‘not ‘ after ‘shall ’ or ‘will ’:

• I shall not go there tomorrow.
• They will not come here in the evening.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by putting ‘shall’ or ‘will’ before the subject:

• Shall I go there?
• Will he come here?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences have the form: ‘shall/will + subject + not’:

• Shall I not go there?
• Will he not come here?

Uses of the Simple Future:
(i) Shall is used with the second and the third persons to express determination, promise, intention, etc.

• I shall not apologise, whatever may happen.
• You shall get a reward if you win the race.
• He shall be fined if he does not attend classes.

(ii) Shall is used with the first person to express an offer or suggestion:

• Shall I open the door?
• Which dress shall I wear?

(iii) Will is used with the first person to express willingness, determination, etc:

• I will do it myself.
• I will help you.
• We will never commit such a mistake again.

(iv) The simple future is used to express the speaker’s opinion, for something to be done in the future. We use such verbs believe, know, suppose, think, etc. We also use such adverbs as perhaps, possibly, surely, etc:

• We think he will reach there in time.
• They suppose that he will never help them,

(v) It is used to express habitual action:

• They will abuse you again and again.
• He will go to church daily.

(vi) It is used for an action that is yet to take place:

• I shall help him.
• He will come here tomorrow.

12. Future Progressive

• Form
  

(i) The Future Progressive has the form shall/will + be + present participle:

• I shall be doing this work tomorrow.
• He will be going to Delhi tomorrow.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by placing not after shall/will:

• I shall not be doing this work tomorrow.
• He will not be going to Delhi tomorrow.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing shall/will before the subject:

• Shall I be doing this work tomorrow?
• Will he not be going to Delhi tomorrow?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting shall/will before the subject and not before be:

• Shall I not be doing this work tomorrow?
• Will he not be going to Delhi tomorrow?

Uses of the Simple Future:

(i) The Future Progressing Tense is used to express an action that will be in progress at a given fine in future.

• From 5 pm to 6 pm, we will be playing cricket tomorrow.

(ii) The Future Progressive Tense is used to express an action which will take place in the normal course.

• The air conditioner will be running in the month of June.

13. Future Perfect

• Form
  

(i) The future perfect has the form: ‘Shall/will + have + past participle ’.

• We shall have reached there.
• He will have done this work.

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by putting ‘not’ between ‘shall/will’ and ‘have’:

• We shall not have reached there.
• He will not have done this work.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘shall/will’ before the ‘subject’:

• Shall we have reached there?
• Will he have done this work?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by putting ‘shall/will ’before the ‘subject’ and ‘not’after it:

• Shall we not have reached there?
• Will he not have done this work?

Uses of Future Perfect:
(i) The Future Perfect expresses an action that is expected to be completed by a certain time in the future:

• They will have reached the station in half an hour.
• He will have finished his homework by this time.

(ii) It is used to express the speaker’s belief that something has taken place:

• He will have known the Sharmas.
• She will have read “The Tempest.”

14. Future Perfect Progressive

• Form:

(i) The Future Perfect Progressive has the form: shall/will + have + been + present participle:

• She will have been cooking now.
• I shall have been preparing for my examination

(ii) The negative sentences are formed by putting ‘not’ between ‘shall/will ’ and ‘have’:

• She will not have been cooking now.
• I shall not have been preparing for my examination.

(iii) The interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘shall/will’ before the ‘subject’:

• Shall I have been preparing for my examination?
• Will she have been cooking now?

(iv) The negative interrogative sentences are formed by placing ‘shall/will’ before the subject and ‘not’ after it.

• Will she not have been cooking now?
• Shall I not have been preparing for my examination?

Uses of Future Perfect Progressive:
The Future Perfect Progressive expresses an action as being in progress over a period of time that will end at some point in the future.
By next June, I shall have been completing my studies.

Exercise (Solved)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.
(i) The police………………….. four thieves last night, (catch)
(ii) I was………………………. food when he came in. (cook)
(iii) It………………… since 9 o’clock, (rain)
(iv) I certainly…………………… my colleague if I had been there, (help)
(v) Stars………………….. in the sky at night, (twinkle)
(vi) All the students………………. the classwork when the teacher came in. (do)
(vii) Mahesh………………….. tomorrow from Patna, (come)
(viii) The patient………………… before the doctor came, (die)
(ix) I saw that the policemen…………………. the thieves, (chase)
(x) He is a very rude person, I ………………… him. (not help)
Ans. (i) caught (ii) cooking (iii) has been raining (iv) would have helped (v) twinkle (vi) were doing (vii) will come (viii) had died (ix) were chasing (x) won’t help.

Exercise (Unsolved)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.
(i) Water………………… on heating, (evaporate)
(ii) Shantanu……………………… all the chocolates, (eat)
(iii) Farmers………………….. the field, (plough)
(iv) If I…………………… you I would not repeated that mistake, (be)
(v) I………………. this book for last four years, (write)
(vi) I……………. you in writing the essay, (help)
(vii) Two aeroplanes……………………. flying in the sky. (be)
(viii) He……………. back yet. (not come)
(ix) While I………….. to the music, my younger son was dancing, (listen)
(x) Some of my friends…………………………. the Taj Mahal last week, (visit)

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