NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Radio Show

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Radio Show

Question 1:
First, you will hear a local radio programme, which will give you ideas for your own programme. You will hear the programme twice. First, listen without writing anything.
Answer:
For self-attempt.

Question 2:
Before you listen for the second time, discuss the following with your partner.

1. Why are there two presenters?
2. What is the presenter’s role?
3. What is the presenter’s style? Do you like their style? Why / Why not?
4. Why do the presenters outline some of the contents right at the start of the programme?

Answer:

1. They are to complement each other’s presentation.
2. That of an anchor.
3. They are witty and to the point. Yes, I like their style because the wit keeps listener’s attention and interest. It helps in avoiding wastage of time.
4. This is a way of introduction so that listener’s should know beforehand what is coming for them.

Question 3:
Now hear the Radio programme and fill in as much information as you can in the following table. Then exchange information with your partner to complete the table.

Answer:

Is there enough variety of content?
Answer:
The variety of content seems to be appropriate and sufficient. News related to happenings in school is there. Then there are jokes followed by interview of an eminent personality. Advertisements are also thrown in.

Question 4:
Now it is your turn. Write and produce your own radio programme. You will need to select your own content. The following are some ideas. You are free, of course, to add your own ideas. Remember, the programme must be in English.
(See Main Course Book, Pages 73-74)
Answer:
Do it Yourself.

Question 5:
As a class, you will need to follow these steps:
(See Main Course Book, Page 74)
Answer:
Presenter 1 : “Hello everybody and welcome to your favorite Iskool FM. Today we have come with lots of goodies for you.” .
Presenter 2 : “First of all Rahul will come with the school news. Then Varsha will interview our physical education teacher.”
Presenter 1 : “This will be followed by an interesting presentation about Qutab Minar by Pankaj. Then there will be some advertisement followed by the question of the week.”
Presenter 2 : “Now, it’s over to you Rahul.”
Rahul : “As they say, no news is good news but think how boring the life will be without news. There is a good news that our school team has won the Mehrauli Cricket Tournament final and photos of the winning team were splashed in all major dailies. There is going to be a drawing contest organized by Camlin. Those willing to participate should contact their class teachers for further details. That’s all from news room and goodbye!”
Presenter 1 : “Thank you Rahul.”
Presenter 2 : “Most of you dread your physical education teacher because of his no nonsense approach. Today Varsha will interview him to find the other facet of his tough personality. It is over to you Varsha.”
Varsha : “Mr. Rajyavardhan Rathore needs no introduction and all of you know him pretty well. Let’s ask some questions from Mr. Rathore. Welcome Mr. Rathore to our programme. Tell us, do you have a gym in your home for your kids?”
Mr. Rathore : “Yes! As you know physical health is very important for making an alert mind so I ensure it that my children do regular exercise to keep fit.”
Varsha : “Do you give them a good treat once they finish exercise?”
Mr. Rathore : “Sometimes I do. But basically the fitness should be the prime motive while doing exercise.”
Varsha : “In this age of junk food what are your suggestions for dietary habits of children?”
Mr. Rathore : “Junk food should be avoided at all costs. Everybody should eat lots of green vegetables and fresh fruit to get enough vitamins and minerals. For protein and calcium eggs and milk are important.” Varsha : Thank you, Mr. Rathore for sharing your views with us. I hope listeners will follow your advice. Presenter 1 : “Qutab Minar is one of the iconic monuments of Delhi. And Pankaj has an interesting report on Qutab Minar. Welcome Pankaj.”
Pankaj : “Hi! I am not going to go into details of who built it and when he built it. Once you will approach the road towards Qutab Minar you will be overawed by its towering presence. Especially after a light shower the pink stone structure displays all its splendour. Once inside the campus you need to arch your back to have a good view of Qutab Minar. Then there is the famous iron pillar which is standing there for years without a speck of rust. In the same campus there is tomb of Iltutmish and other tombs are also there. All the landmarks have well displayed information boards. After roaming in the Qutab campus if you feel tired you can enjoy a lazy siesta in the huge sloped lawn behind the Qutab Minar. That’s all about one of the historic monuments of our city.”
Advertisement 1 : “Khan Chacha has come up with a new signature dish. This is ice cream filled gol-gappa peppered with chat masala. Khan Chacha’s guarantee is no one can eat just once!”
Advertisement 2 : “Buy handmade greetings cards made by class V students. The proceeds will go to Helpage India.”
Presenter 2 : “Now comes the time for the question of the week. Listen carefully and SMS your answers quickly. The winner will get free ice cream filled gol-gappa at Khan Chacha’s.
Presenter 1 : “How does a desert cooler bring down temperature inside our rooms? Your answer should be in one word only. Send your SMS to 8888.
Presenter 2 : “Hope you enjoyed our show. Send your feedback by mail, telephone or SMS. Meet you next week. Same time! Same Day!

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Video Show

Download Formulae Handbook for Class 9

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Video Show

Question 1:
You will watch a CD or a TV programme which will give you ideas for developing and presenting your own programme.
Answer:
For self-attempt.

Question 2:
Before you watch the recording the second time, in groups discuss the difference between a Radio Show and a Video Show.
Answer:
Radio show and video show are quite different. The first one is auditory while the other is a live show. In the radio show one listens to the events whereas in video show one sees and enjoys it live.

Question 3:
Complete the following table and then compare it with your partner.

Answer:
For self-attempt.

Question 4:
Now it is your turn. Your class will be divided into groups of ten students. Each group will produce a programme. Keep in mind the following.
(See Main Course Book, Pages 75-76)
Answer:
Class Activity.

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Learncbse.in is a mobile optimized website. 90% of the Students use their mobile phone to access LearnCBSE.in. We want to educate our students about mobile security, online privacy. So Here are the few tips for you:

Not only can your smartphone be hacked, it can be done very easily without your knowledge. Even if a malicious attacker cannot get into your phone, they can try to get the sensitive data stored inside, including contacts, places visited and e-mails.

Recently seen from leaked CIA documents, no one is immune to hacking attacks. Here’s how to protect yourself against them, whether they come from opportunist thieves or state-sponsored spies.

But how can you tell if your smartphone has been compromised? Below are some symptoms to look out for.

1. Your smartphone gets slower than before: Impacting the performance can be because of the malware running in the background and it slower the network connection. That updates to a device’s operating system can sometimes also cause a device to suffer from decreased performance. In the same way if you fill up the memory on your device or install many processor and bandwidth intensive apps, performance can also degrade.
2. Receiving strange text messages: If your friends or colleagues report receiving messages that you didn’t send, something might be suspicious (this is true for emails as well). Likewise, if you see strange text messages coming in, they may be in a trap.
3. Apps in your device which you do not intend to install: Applications add functionality to smartphone, but also increase the risk of a data breach, especially if they are downloaded from websites or messages, instead of an app store. Hidden inside applications, even ones that work, could be malicious code that lets hackers steal data. While your device manufacturer or service provider may legitimately install apps from time to time due to updates, if new apps are suddenly appearing you want to be sure they are kosher. Do a Google search on the apps and see what reliable tech sites say about them.
4. Device battery is draining out quickly: If your battery is dying faster than in the past, see whether apps are using too much battery. If you get a notification that an app is running in the background, that app is using battery. You can force stop or uninstall problem apps.
5. Device gets hotter than before: malicious apps use your phone and degrade its performance. It may run physically hotter than before.
6. Regularly used websites seems unusual: this is because of the installation of malware that is proxying on your device. It will sit between your browser and the internet and relaying the communications between them (while reading all of the contents of the communications and, perhaps, inserting various instructions of its own)–it might affect how some sites display.
7. Apps will cease to work: There may be also be a sign of proxying or other malware interfering with the apps’ functionality if apps that used to work properly suddenly stop working.
8. Notification of increased data usage and text messaging: if you observe data or SMS usage and see greater use than expected, especially if that increase begins right after some “suspicious event,” that may be a sign that malware is transmitting data from your device to other parties. If you installed the app from a third party appstore you can try deleting the app and reinstalling it from a more trusted source–but if there is malware on your device, doing so may not always fix the problem.
9. Post-paid cell phone bill shows unexpected charges: Cyber criminals can monitor your device to make expensive overseas phone calls on behalf of a remote party proxying through your device, can send SMS messages to international numbers, or ring up charges in other ways.
10. Popups which never appeared on your device will be seen now: Alike computers some mobile-device malware produces pop-up windows asking the user to perform various actions. If you are seeing pop-ups, beware.

• Your e-mail from the device will be blocked by spam-filters: It could be a sign that your email configuration has been changed and email is now being relayed via some unauthorized server that is allowing a nefarious party to read your messages if email sent from your device is suddenly getting blocked by spam filters.
• Device seeming to access bad and malicious sites: If you use your device on a network that blocks access to known problematic sites and networks and you find out that it was trying to access such sites without your knowledge, your device may be infected. These problematic sites and networks include many businesses have such technology on both their corporate and bring-your-own-device (BYOD) networks.
• Unusual service disruptions: Normally, these problems are indicative of technical issues unrelated to a breach, but that is not always the case. If you experience calls being dropped, the inability to make calls at times when you appear to have good signal strength, or strange noises occurring during your phone conversations, something may be amiss.
• Leaking your private and confidential information: if you have experienced some data leak you should always check to determine the source of the problem–and the process of checking obviously includes examining your smartphone.

Recent versions of the Android operating system, as well as mobile antivirus software, can help spot and block malware-infection attempts. But neither approach is infallible. So no matter which security tools you might be using, be sure also watch for the above telltale warning signs.

The post How Can You Tell That Your Smartphone or Tablet Been Hacked? appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for class 8 English Honeydew The Great Stone Face-I

QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK

COMPREHENSION CHECK (PAGE 129)

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of the following statements.

1. The Great Stone Face stood near where Ernest and his mother lived.
2. One would clearly distinguish the features of the Stone Face only from a distance.
3. Ernest loved his mother and helped her in her work.
4. Though not very rich, Gathergold was a skilful merchant.
5. Gathergold died in poverty and neglect.
6. The Great Stone Face seemed to suggest that Ernest should not fear the general.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True

WORKING WITH THE TEXT (Page 130)

Answer the following questions.
Question 1:

1. What was the Great Stone Face?
2. What did Young Ernest wish when he gazed at it?

Answer:

1. The Great Stone Face was the work of nature. The rocks were put one over the other on the mountain side. They resembled the features of a human face.
2. Young Ernest wished that the stone face could speak. He wished to love the man dearly whoever resembled that face.

Question 2:
What was the story attributed to the Stone Face?
Answer:
The story attributed to the Stone Face was that some day a child with the likeness of that face would be born. He would become the greatest and noblest person of his age.

Question 3:
What gave the people of the valley the idea that the prophecy was about to come true for the first time?
Answer:
A youngman named Gathergold had left the valley many years ago. By the time he grew old, he had grown rich. When he returned to his native valley, a rumour spread that he resembled the Stone Face. People thought that the prophecy had come true.

Question 4:

1. Did Ernest see in Gathergold the likeness of the Stone Face?
2. Who did he confide in and how was he proved right?

Answer:

1. No, Ernest did not see any likeness of the Stone Face in Gathergold.
2. He confided in the Great Stone Face. After Gathergold’s death as his wealth and gold had already disappeared, it was generally agreed that Gathergold had no resemblance with the Great Stone Face.

Question 5:

1. What made people believe General Blood- and-Thunder was their man?
2. Ernest compared the man’s face with the Stone Face. What did he conclude?

Answer:

1. General Blood-and-thunder had risen to high position from a soldier. When he returned to the valley, his childhood friends said that the General had always looked like the Stone Face.
2. Ernest could not find any likeness between the General and the Stone Face.

WORKING WITH THE LANGUAGE (Page 130)

Question 1:
Look at the following words.
Like — likeness
punctual — punctuality
The words on the left are adjectives and those on the right are their noun forms.
Write the noun forms of the following words by adding -ness or -itv to them appropriately. Check the spelling of the new words.

1. lofty _____________
2. able _____________
3. happy _____________
4. near _____________
5. noble _____________
6. pleasant _____________
7. dense _____________
8. great _____________
9. stable _____________

Answer:

1. loftiness
2. ability
3. happiness
4. nearness
5. nobility
6. enormity
7. pleasantness
8. density
9. greatness
10. stability

Question 2:
Add-iv to each of the following adjectives, then use them to fill in the blanks.

1. Why didn’t you turn up at the meeting? We all were ______ waiting for you.
2. ______ write your name and address in capital letters.
3. I was______ surprised to see him at the railway station. I thought he was not coming.
4. It is______ believable that I am not responsible for this mess.
5. He fell over the step and ______ broke his arm.

Answer:

1. eagerly
2. kindly
3. pleasantly
4. perfectly
5. nearly

Question 3:
Complete each sentence below using the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. I ______ (phone) you when I (get) home from school.
2. Hurry up! Madam  ______ (be) annoyed if we ______ (be) late.
3. If it ______ (rain) today, we ______ (not) go to the play.
4. When you  ______ (see) Mandal again, you  ______ (not/recognise) him. He is growing a beard.
5. We are off today. We  ______  (write) to you after we ______ (be) back.

Answer:

1. shall phone: get
2. will be; are
3. rains, shall not go
4. see; will not recognise
5. shall write; are

SPEAKING AND WRITING (Page 131)

Question 1:
Imagine you are Ernest. Narrate the story that his mother told him.
Begin like this: My mother and I were sitting at the door of our cottage. We were looking at the Great Stone Face. I asked her if she had ever seen any one who looked like the Stone Face. Then she told me this story.
Answer:
She had heard that story from her own Mother that some day a child would be born resembling the Stone Face. In manhood he would become the greatest and noblest person of his time.

Question 2:
Imagine you are Gathergold. Write briefly the incident of your return to the valley.
Begin like this: My name is Gathergold. I left the valley of the Great Stone Face fifty years ago. I am now going back home. Will the people of the valley welcome me? Do they know that I am very rich?
Answer:
I drove to my native village in a horse drawn carriage. The people mistook me for the Great Stone Face. They welcomed me and shouted, “Sure enough, the old prophecy is true and the great man has arrived at last”.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
What is the significance of the Great Stone Face?
Answer:
The Stone Face was a work of nature. It was formed on the side of a mountain by rocks. Viewed from a distance, those rocks looked like the features of a human face. People linked stories to that face. The people living in that valley believed that some day a great and noble person with the likeness of that face would come.

Question 2:
What did the spectator see when he went near the Great Stone Face?
Answer:
When the spectator went near the Great Stone Face, he lost the outline of the enormous face and could see only a heap of gigantic rocks, piled one upon an¬other.

Question 3:
How did Ernest grow up to be a mild and quiet youth?
Answer:
Ernest never forgot of the story that his mother told him. He was dutiful to his mother and helpful to her many things, assisting her much with his little hands, and .more with his loving heart. In this manner he grew up to be a mild and quiet youth.

Question 4:
How did Gathergold become rich?
Answer:
Gathergold was a young man when he left his native valley and settled at a distant seaport. He set up there as a shopkeeper. He was very sharp in business matters and therefore became very rich in a very short span of time.

Question 5:
How did people’s opinion change about Gathergold after his death?
Answer:
Gathergold died one day. His wealth had disappeared before his death. Since the melting away of his gold, it had been generally believed that there was no like¬ness between the ruined merchant and the majestic face upon the mountain.

II. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1:
What was the prophecy connected with the Stone Face? Did it come true?
Answer:
The prophecy is a statement about some event in future. The people of the valley believed that the Stone Face was auspicious for them. It made the land fertile with its gaze.
The old prophecy about the Stone Face was that at some future day a child would be born there who will grow up to become great and noble. The child would look like the Stone Face. Some people thought it was just idle talk. It appears finally Ernest himself would be declared to be the great man resembling the Stone Face.

Question 2:
Who was Ernest? What personal qualities made him great?
Answer:
Ernest was a little boy who lived with his Mother in a valley. His interest grew in the Great Stone Face which smiled on him. His Mother told him the prophecy about that Face. The boy never forgot that story. He spent hours looking at that face. He regarded it as his teacher. He was inspired to be noble, kind and helpful. These qualities could make him the man with the likeness of the Face.

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CBSE Class 8 English Grammar – The Sentence

Definition of Sentence
When one or more words are grammatically linked and bring out a complete sense, it is called a sentence.
e.g.

1. The Earth revolves around the Sun.
2. The cow gives us milk.
3. It is a hot day.

Kinds of Sentences

Sentences are of four kinds

Assertive or Declarative Sentence

These are the most common types of sentences. The assertive sentences make a statement. Such sentences end with a period (.). e.g.

1. I went to the market yesterday.
2. There is lots of snow in the winter.
3. Sparrow is a beautiful bird.

Interrogative Sentence
The interrogative sentences are those which ask questions. Such sentences end with a question mark (?).
e.g.

1. What is your name?
2. What time do you get up in the morning?
3. What is the capital of India?

Imperative Sentence

The imperative sentences are those that express a command, request and advice. The imperative sentences also end with a period (.). e.g.

1. Please be quite.
2. Clean your room.
3. Obey your parents.

Exclamatory Sentence

The exclamatory sentences are those that expresses a feeling. The exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation mark (!).
e.g.

1. It’s a beautiful day!
2. How hot the day is!
3. I’m excited to watch this movie!

Subject and Predicate
Every complete sentence consists of two parts: a subject and a predicate.
While making a sentence we mention a place or a thing and also say something about that person or thing. While the subject is what the sentence is about, the predicate talks about the subject.

Subject                                  .
The part of the sentence which talks about the person or a thing is called the subject of the sentence. The subject of a sentence could be a noun, a pronoun or even an entire phrase or clause.

Predicate
The part of the sentence which talks about the subject is called the predicate of the sentence.
e.g.

1. Joseph likes to play volleyball.
   Joseph is the subject of the sentence, because the sentence is telling something about the liking of Joseph. And what is it telling? It says that Joseph likes to play volleyball. So, in this example the subject is ‘Joseph’ and the predicate is ‘likes to play volleyball.’
   To determine the subject of the sentence, we first find the verb in the sentence and then ask ‘who?’ or ‘what?’ in the sentence.
   In the above sentence we first find the verb, the verb here is ‘play’. So we first ask, who plays?
   The answer will be, Joseph plays and this is how we determine that the subject is Joseph.
2. The horse ran.
   Here the verb is ran, so we first ask, ‘who ran?’ The answer is ‘horse’.
   So, the subject is ‘The horse’ and the predicate is ‘ran’.
3. The car is red.
   Here the verb is ‘red’, so we first ask, ‘What is red?’ The answer is ‘car’.
   So, the subject is ‘The car’ and the predicate is ‘red’.

Note: The subject usually comes before the sentence, but in exceptional cases, it comes at the end of the sentence.
e.g. Here comes the train.
In the above sentence the verb is ‘comes’, we first ask, ‘what comes?’ The answer is ‘train’.
So, the subject is ‘the train’ and the predicate is ‘here comes’.

The Clause
The clause is a group of words having its own subject and a predicate though it does not make a complete sense. It is rather a part of another sentence.
e.g. Because you are feeling well, you can go out today.
The bold part does not make a complete sentence. But since, it has its own subject and predicate it is a clause on which the other clause ‘you ^can go out today’ depends.

The Phrase
A group of words at the end of the sentence makes a sense, but not a complete sense, is known as a phrase. The phrase may have nouns or verbs, but it does not have a subject and predicate.

1. Humpty dumpty sat on a wall.
2. The Sun rises in the East.
3. This is not the right way of doing things.

Chapter Practice

Question 1:
Separate the subject and predicate in the following sentences.

1. She has a good memory.
2. No man can serve two masters.
3. The sea has many varieties of fishes.
4. A bus passed our house.
5. My father got a promotion.
6. Here comes the bus.
7. James has a good memory.
8. A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.
9. The Earth revolves around the Sun.
10. It is a very cold day.

Answer:

1. Subject—She
   Predicate—has a good memory
2. Subject—No man
   Predicate— can serve two masters
3. Subject—The sea
   Predicate—has many varieties of fishes
4. Subject—A bus
   Predicate—passed our house
5. Subject—My father
   Predicate—got a promotion
6. Subject—Here comes
   Predicate—the bus
7. Subject—James
   Predicate—has a good memory
8. Subject—A healthy body
   Predicate—leads to a healthy mind
9. Subject—The Earth
   Predicate—revolves around the Sun
10. Subject—It
    Predicate—is a very cold day The Sun

Question 2:
Complete the sentences using suitable  subject.

1. …………………….. rises in the East.
2. ……………………..is good for health.
3. ……………………… is money.
4. ……………………..is wealth.
5. ……………………… is one.
6. ………………………. is a hot day.
7. ……………………… is a big city.
8. ……………………….. is the capital of Pakistan.
9. ………………………. never fit well.
10. ………………………. is the best physician.

Answer:

1. The Sun
2. Milk
3. Time
4. Health
5. God
6. Today
7. Kolkata
8. Islamabad
9. Borrowed garments
10. Nature

Question 3:
Complete the sentences using suitable predicate.

1. The Sun………………………
2. The cow……………………..
3. Delhi………………………….
4. The flower………………………
5. Akbar…………………………
6. The bird……………………..
7. The tree………………………..
8. The Earth……………………………..
9. The slope…………………………….
10. He………………………….

Answer:

1. sets in the West.
2. gives us milk.
3. is the capital of India.
4. is beautiful.
5. was a great king.
6. flies in the sky.
7. is very big.
8. revolves around the Sun.
9. is very steep.
10. has a good memory.

Question 4:
Identify the type of sentences.

1. What is your name?
2. What a clever boy he is!
3. It is a very dirty room.
4. Where do you live?
5. Have some mercy upon us.
6. Dancing is my hobby.
7. Please be quite.
8. All roads lead to Rome.
9. What a shame!
10. This is not my cup of tea.

Answer:

1. Interrogative sentence
2. Exclamatory sentence
3. Assertive sentence
4. Interrogative sentence
5. Imperative sentence
6. Assertive sentence
7. Imperative sentence
8. Assertive sentence                           .
9. Exclamatory sentence
10. Assertive sentence

Question 5:
Complete the following sentences by choosing appropriate phrases from the box given below.
how to do it, to my door,
in the east, on a wall, of gold

1. The sun rises………………………..
2. I asked my friend to show me…………………………
3. My mother has a chain……………………….
4. There came a beggar…………………………
5. Humpty Dumpty sat……………………………..

Answer:

1. in the east
2. how to do it
3. of gold
4. to my door
5. on a wall

Question 6:
Underline the group of words that form a clause in the sentence.

1. People who pay their debts are trusted.
2. We cannot start while it is raining.
3. I think that you have made a mistake.
4. People who rise early stay healthy.
5. I think it is his hard work that has made him successful.

Answer:

1. People who pay their debts are trusted.
2. We cannot start while it is raining.
3. I think that you have made a mistake.
4. People who rise early stay healthy.
5. I think it is his hardwork that has made him successful.

The post CBSE Class 8 English Grammar – The Sentence appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 8 English Grammar – Noun

Definition of Noun
A noun is defined as the name that is given to any person, place, thing or an idea.

1. The Sun shines brightly.
2. The Jasmine smells sweet.

Kinds of Noun
The kinds of noun are as follows

Proper Noun
A proper noun is the name given to a particular person or a place. A proper noun always begins with capital letter.
e.g.

1. Maria lives in the United States of America.
2. World War I started in the year 1914.

Common Noun
A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. Common nouns are not written in capital letters.
e.g.

1. India is a country.
2. Daniel is a boy.

Differences between Proper Noun and Common Noun

Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is a word that is used to indicate an idea, activity, action, a quality or a state which is considered separate from the object to which it relates. The names relating to arts and sciences are also included in abstract noun.

• Idea A thought, suggestion, belief, dream etc.
• Activity Marketing activity, advertising, economic activity, playing etc.
• Action Hatred, movement, operation, laughter etc.
• Quality Hardness, honesty, goodness, kindness etc.
• State Death, darkness, childhood, poverty etc.

e.g.

1. We are studying Mathematics.
2. Ken thought of a brilliant idea for his story.

Collective Noun
A collective noun is the name that is given to a group/number of persons or things in collection,
e.g.

• A staff of employees.
• A troupe of dancers.

Material Noun
Material nouns are names of substances of which things are made.
e.g.

1. I bought a gold ring.
2. Plastic toys are very colourful.

According to grammatical distinction, the nouns can be classified as either countable or uncountable.

Countable Noun
The countable noun represents the names of the people or the object that we can count,
e.g.

1. There are two books in my bag.
2. Our house has six rooms.

Uncountable Noun
The uncountable noun represents the names of the people or the object that we cannot count, but can measure or weigh.
e.g.

1. There is no information about him.
2. Have you got some paper?

There are certain nouns that can be used as both countable and uncountable according to the context,
e.g.

1. There are 3-4 hairs on my table.
2. She has a black, shiny hair.

In examples

1. ‘hair’ is used as countable nouns, while in examples
2. hair is uncountable noun.

Number
According to numbers, the nouns can be categorised as singular and plural.

Singular Number
A noun that represents one person or one thing is known as singular number,
e.g.

1. It is a very tall tree.
2. I am writing with a blue pen.

Plural Number
A noun that represents more than one person or a thing is known as a plural number.
e.g.

1. The boys are playing in the ground.
2. The cows are eating grass.
3. I like to read stories.

Rules for Changing the Singular into Plural

Rule 1
Nouns that end with a consonant are made plural by adding ‘-s’ to the singular.
Parrot                            Parrots
Egg                                Eggs
Boat                              Boats
Actor                             Actors
Cook                             Cooks
Hat                                 Hats

Rule 2
Nouns that end with -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -z, -x are pluralised by adding ‘-es’.
Bus                                Buses
Glass                             Glasses
Bench                            Benches
Bush                              Bushes
Quiz                               Quizes
Tax                                 Taxes

Exception
Stomach               Stomachs
Monarch               Monarchs

Rule 3
Nouns that end with -o and there is a consonant before -o then plural is made by adding ‘-es’.
Tomato                Tomatoes
Mosquito             Mosquitoes
Mango                  Mangoes
Hero                      Heroes    

Exception
Photo             Photos
Zero                Zeros

Rule 4
Nouns that end with -y and there is a consonant before -y, then plural is made by changing ‘y’ to ‘i’ and adding ‘-es’.
Fly                   Flies
Fly                   Flies
Story               Stories
Baby                Babies
Family             Families
Copy                Copies
Library            Libraries

Rule 5
Nouns that end with -y and there is a vowel before -y, then plural is made by adding ‘-s’.
Boy               Boys
Day               Days
Key               Keys
Way              Ways
Toy                Toys
Essay             Essays

Rule 6
Nouns that end with double vowel are pluralised by adding ‘-s’.
Tree                      Trees
Bee                        Bees
Zoo                        Zoos
Radio                    Radios
Portfolio               Portfolios
Bamboo                Bamboos

Rule 7
Some nouns are pluralised by the change in their inside vowel.
Tooth            Teeth
Foot              Feet
Mouse          Mice
Man              Men

Rule 8
Nouns that end with -f or -fe pluralised by adding ‘-es’ after -f or -fe is changed to ‘-v’.
Knife        Knives
Thief        Thieves
Wife         Wives
Life           Lives

Exception
Roof            Roofs
Safe             Safes
Chief           Chiefs
Proof           Proofs
Scarf            Scarfs/scarves

Rule 9
Compounds nouns are pluralised by adding the principal word.
Step-son                 Step-sons
Brother-in-law       Brothers-in—law
Pea-cock                 Pea-cocks
Passer-by                Passers-by

Exception
Man-Servant  →  Men-Servants
Lord-Justice   →   Lord-Justices

Rule 10
Nouns that end with -man’ are made plural by changing ‘-man’ into ‘-men’
Woman           Women
Postman         Postmen
Watchman     Watchmen
Chairman       Chairmen
Milkman         Milkmen
Fellowman     Fellowmen

Gender
According to gender, the nouns can be classified as masculine, feminine, common and neuter gender.

Masculine Gender
A noun that represents a male is known as the masculine gender.
e.g. boy, man, lion, king etc.

Feminine Gender
A noun that represents a female is known as the feminine gender.
e.g. girl, woman, lioness, actress, queen etc.

Common Gender
A noun that represents either a male or a female is known as the common gender.
e.g. friend, guardian, guest, infant, owner,
parent, passenger, pig, pupil etc.

Neuter Gender
A noun that represents a thing which is neither a male nor a female as a neuter gender,
e.g. box, bread, butter, chair, chalk etc.
All non-living objects and animals fall into this category.

Rules for Changing Masculine into Feminine

Rule 1
Masculine can be changed into feminine by adding ‘-ess’.
Poet                   Poetess
Lion                   Lioness
Host                   Hostess
Giant                 Giantess

Rule 2
In some nouns,- ending in V, after masculine can be changed into feminine by adding ‘-ess’ removing the ‘vowel’ before the last letter.
Tiger                                              Tigress
Monitor                                         Monitress
Actor                                              Actress
Editor                                            Editress

Rule 3
Masculine can be changed into the feminine by using a completely different word.
King                                               Queen
Hero                                              Heroine
Uncle                                             Aunt
Husband                                       Wife

Rule 4
Feminine of the compound nouns are made by changing the masculine word of the compound noun that comes to the front.
He-bear                                     She-bear
Bull-calf                                    Cow-calf
He-goat                                     She-goat
Son-in-law                                Daughter-in-law

Rule 5
Feminine of some masculine are made by removing the last vowel and consonant and then by adding ‘-ess’.
Governor                                     Governess
Murderer                                     Murderess

Exception
Duke          Duchess

Rule 6
Compound nouns change their gender masculine word into feminine coming later.
Headmaster     Headmistress
Grandfather     Grandmother
Milkman           Milkmaid
Peacock            Peahen

Chapter Practice

Question 1:
Identify Common Noun and Proper Noun in each of the following sentences.
(i) The house is on main street.
(ii) Shashi played with her sister.
(iii) Sita is a girl.
(iv) Australia is a country.
(v) Ram goes to bank.
(vi) I went to the city. –
(viii) Mr Brown is a kind man.
(viii) Vihaan went on a holiday.
(ix) Joe is my cousin.
(x) Mrs Wood took her baby to the park.
(xi) New Delhi is the Capital city of India.
(xii) Kashish likes her new dress.
(xiii) Anita is bad.                       –
(xiv) Peter has a bag of lollies.
(xv) Our new classmate came from Africa.
(xvi) Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.
(xvii) The crowd was very big.
(xviii) We went to the zoo in Melbourne.
(xix) I go to the temple on Monday.
(xx) The Godavari is a river.

Answer:

Question 2:
Choose the correct form of noun given in the brackets.

1. We all love…………………… (honest/honesty)
2. The knife needs……………………. (sharping/sharpening)
3. My house has .. rooms, (four/some)
4. A large is expected,…………………… (crowd/crowds)
5. There are three in my team……………………. (woman/women)
6. There are many in my house……………………. (children/childrens)
7. of soldiers visited our academy……………………. (An army/A group)
8. The are very good……………………. (cloth/cloths)
9. There is a at my school today……………………. (holidays/holiday)
10. I wear polished…………………… (shoes/shoe)

Answer:

1. honesty
2. sharpening
3. four
4. crowd
5. women
6. children
7. an army
8. cloths
9. holiday
10. shoes

Question 3:
Pick out the correct sentence from the following.

1. (a) All the news were sad
   (b) All newses were sad
   (c) All the news was sad
   (d) Every news were sad
2. (a)Richard gifted her three gold jewellery
   (b) Richard gifted her three gold jewelleries
   (c) Richard gifted her three items of gold jewellery
   (d) Richard gifted her three items of gold jewelleries
3. (a) The people of India are peace loving
   (b) The people of India is peace loving
   (c) The people of India are peace loving
   (d) The peoples of India is peace loving
4. (a) Riya has four pencil
   (b) Riya has four sticks of pencil
   (c) Riya has four sticks of pencils
   (d) Riya has four pencils
5. (a) You need a lost of patience
   (b) You needs a lot of patience
   (c) You need a lot of patience
   (d) You need a lot of patiences
6. (a) The old woman lifted the woods
   (b) The old woman lifted the bunch of wood
   (c) The old woman lifted the bunch of woods
   (d) The old woman lifted the bunches of woods
7. (a) I purchased the crockery for two thousand rupees
   (b) I purchased the crockeries for two thousand rupees .
   (c) I purchased the crockery for two thousands rupee
   (d) I purchased the crockeries for two thousand rupee
8. (a) Vibha is ten year old
   (b) Vibha is ten years old
   (c) Vibha was ten yea“r old.
   (d) Vibha were ten years old
9. (a) The three women are sister
   (b) The three woman are sisters
   (c) The three woman is sisters
   (d) The three women are sisters
10. (a) Abhi and Aryan are her brother-in-laws
    (b) Abhi and Aryan are hers brother in law
    (c) Abhi and Aryan her brothers in law
    (d) Abhi and Aryan are her’ brother-in-laws

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (c)
6. (b)
7. (a)
8. (b)
9. (d)
10. (c)

Question 4:
Find all the nouns in the passage given below. It is a great thing to take pride in our work. Anything that is worth doing at all, is worth doing well. Even in the humblest task we should be ambitious to do it as well as we can, if possible better than anyone else. e.g. a
cobbler should not think that because his job is a humble one, it can be scaneped and done anyhow; he should be determined to make better shoes than any other cobbler; and a tinker should take pride in mending even an old kettle better than any other tinkercad.
Answer:
thing            Pride
task              ambitious
cobbler        humble
cobbler        tinker
pride            kettle
tinker

Question 5:
Listed below are some nouns. State their two forms when used in the plural.

1. Brother
2. Cloth
3. Die
4. Index

Answer:

1. Brothers               Brethren
2. Cloths                   Clothes
3. Dies                       Dice
4. Indexs                   Indices

The post CBSE Class 8 English Grammar – Noun appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Life Skills

Download Formulae Handbook for Class 9

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Life Skills

Question 1:
Read the following and share your feelings with the class.
INTROSPECT: Realize Your Potential-I.
Self Awareness: Knowing your strengths and weaknesses will help you seceded.
Answer:
Summary of the extract: This is a discussion about the importance of self awareness. There is an interesting example of a girl who is not aware of her strengths and weaknesses. If proper introspection is done, we can know about our strengths and weaknesses. This gives us confidence to achieve something, with or without someone’s help.

Question 2:
Copy the worksheet in your notebooks and work in pairs to complete the worksheet to know all about yourself. This will enable you to discover your hidden strengths, work on your weakness, and develop your personality.
Johari Window Work Sheet

Answer:

Now transfer the points from the Johari Window activity work sheet to the table given below.

• Common points listed by student and his partner in Column A and C – to be put in ‘Open Self’
• The qualities pointed out by the other person (not the student himself) – to be put in ‘Blind Self
• The qualities pointed out by the students (Column A) but unknown to other person – to be put in ‘Hidden Self’
• Qualities unknown to student and his partner but which might be known to teacher or some body else may be put in ‘unknown self’
  

Answer:

Question 3:
Several youngsters have problems in dealing with their parents. With your partner, discuss the difference in views and complete the table below. Sometimes there may be no contradiction between the two views.
Answer:

Question 4:
In pairs, choose one topic from the table in Question 3. Imagine that you and your parents are expressing your views on the topic. Use your notes from the table and write the dialogue that would take place. Make it funny! Share your dialogue with the rest of the class.
Answer:
Mummy : Rahul, how many times do I need to tell you to keep your table tidy?
Rahul : Mummy, it’s OK. Don’t worry I can find my things easily that way. .
Mummy : I will throw your low waist jeans in dustbin.
Rahul : Mummy, this is the latest fashion. Why are you living in Jurassic age?
Mummy : Rahul, say Namaste to your chacha.
Rahul : Namaste! Chachaji.
Mummy : Rahul, no more IPL matches before you finish your homework.
Rahul : Mummy, this is an interesting match. Why don’t you write an absent note for my class-teacher for tomorrow?
Rahul : This summer vacation let’s go to Shimla, instead of going to our village.
Mummy : Keep your mouth shut up! You need to know your grandparents well. This is our culture.

Question 5:
Ravi has a problem, so he asks his friends for advice. Read the conversation below and underline the expressions that are used for giving advice. (This could be done as role-play)
Ravi : My neighbours play very loud music, which disturbs me when I’m studying.
Mohan : Why don’t you try persuading them to turn down the volume?
Shiela : If that doesn’t work, you could think of changing your study time.
Rahim: Why should Ravi have to do that? He really ought to report such an antisocial behaviour to the police.
Shiela : Before taking any drastic action like that, I would advise you to sort it out amicably with your neighbours.
Rahim : If I were you, I would play my music even louder!
Mohan : That won’t solve his problem. Ravi, I think you should ask your father to take it up with your neighours.
Answer:
Ravi : My neighbours play very loud music and it disturbs me when I’m studying.
Mohan : Why don’t you try persuading them to turn down the volume?
Shiela : If that doesn’t work you could think of changing your study time.
Rahim : Why should Ravi have to do that? He really ought to report such a whimsical behaviour to the police.
Shiela : Before taking any such drastic action, I would advise you to sort it out amicably with your neighbours.
Rahim : If I were you, I would play my music even louder!
Mohan : That won’t solve his problem. Ravi, I think you should ask your father to take it up with your neighbours.

Question 6:
In groups of four, use the language used in Question 5 to give advice in the following situations:
Answer:
Problem 1: My parents don’t give me any pocket money. This embarrasses me when I’m with my friends.
Advice: Try to explain the situation to your parents with a cool mind. Don’t argue with them. They will understand your needs. After all, they are your parents.
Problem 2: I stole some money from my mother’s purse. I feel very guilty, and I don’t know what to do.
Advice: It is good that you are realizing your blunder. It is best to tell everything to your mother and say sorry. She will love you even more for your honesty.
Problem 3: I lied to my friend. This has spoils our friendship. I would like to make amends, but I don’t know how.
Advice: The best way is to talk to your friend to clear confusion. Say sorry to him. Your friendship will be stronger from now on.

Question 7:
You are on the editorial board for the column ‘Your Problems’ in The Teenager magazine. You have received these two letters asking for your advice. (They appear to have come from the same family. Dear Helpful Avanti My fifteen year old son is crazy about film music. He seems to be wasting all his pocket money on these meaningless CDs. He cannot even study without this noise. Though he is good at studies, I remain disturbed about this new obsession. There are all kinds of strange-looking posters on the walls of his study and he always wears those gaudy T-shirts and faded patched jeans. Also, he is very fond of Junk-food. I fear he is breaking all links with our culture. What shall I do?
A bewildered father
Answer:
Reply to the first letter:
Dear Sir
You should appreciate that he has developed interest in something useful. He is utilizing his pocket money in pursuing his hobby. Maybe, you can make him to join some music classes. The fact that he is good at studies should make you proud. At his age he ought to plaster his walls with posters which may look weird to you. You should try to understand the taste for his age. Try to befriend your son and try to update yourself with changes in culture. His letter says that sometimes he listens to classical music as well. So your help and proper guidance are the right steps in the right direction.
Avanti
Reply to the second letter:
Hi Buddy
Try to explain the meaning- of the latest music to your father and to explain your passion for this. Whenever your father is at home try to play music in soft voice. This is a good way to respect his feelings. Share your room, your thoughts and your passions with your father. This will help him to understand you better. Hope your father doesn’t wear Indian outfits, like dhoti kurta and wears pants and shirts instead.
They are also western clothes.
Junk food is not good for health. Try to minimize its consumption. Whatever you do make your father a party to it. He will be your best friend.
Avanti

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NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Children and Computers

Download Formulae Handbook for Class 9

NCERT Solutions For Class 9 English Main Course Book Children and Computers

Question 1:
Complete the following information about yourself SURVEY ON THE USE OF COMPUTERS

Answer:

Question 2:
Divide yourselves into groups and collect information on the use of computers from five students each of classes VI, IX and XI. Compile and summarize your answers to the questions above in the following table:
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3:
Exchange information with another group and record it. Then in groups of four discuss the results of the following:

• Do boys and girls spend the same amount of time at the computer?
• Do their tastes and preferences change as they grow older?
• Are the number of hours spent at the computer/studying at home/leisure/ internet different between boys and girls?
• Do the number of hours per week spent at the computer/studying at home/ internet/ leisure activities change as students get older?

Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 4:
Now listen to two speakers debating on the topic, Education of the Girl Child is a Burden
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 5:
Did you notice the phrases used by debaters to emphasise/negate certain points? Given below are certain expressions that might be used by debaters.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 6:
Study the following graph and the accompanying report.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 7:
Now prepare a graph based on the students’ response to the survey you conducted in C2. Then write a report for the newspaper taking the help of B5, C3 and C6 You may follow this pattern:
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 8:
This is a meeting of the school’s Parent Teacher Association. Some student rep-resentatives have also been invited to participate to discuss the role that Infor-mation Technology / Computers play in the growth and development of children.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 9:
You will now hold an actual class debate on the topic ‘Computers and Children:
A Boon or a Bane’.
In groups of four decide whether your group is FOR or AGAINST the motion. Then draft your debate. Each member of the group must participate in the written as well as the spoken matter. The spoken matter can be divided thus

• One introduces the topic
• One discusses points favoring the motion
• One argues the opponent’s points
• One concludes

Answer:
Participant 1: Dear friends, we are here to debate on the topic ‘Computers and Children: ‘A Boon or a Bane’. One of the participants will debate in favor of this topic. Another participant will debate against the topic and the last participant will give the concluding remark.
Participant 2: Computer is the greatest invention after the wheel which has changed the world in a dramatic way. Computer, coupled with internet, is a potent tool to grab as much information as possible.
This helps to increase our knowledge with greater ease. Computer is a good means to get additional knowledge whenever we need while doing our homework or doing our project work. I support this motion that computer is a boon for all of us.
Participant 3: I am of the view that computer is a bane for all of us. Computers are great source of distraction and they hamper our routine study schedule. Most of the websites are full of crap. Many of my friends, I know waste their precious time in chatting with someone or in watching silly videos on ‘You Tube’. There are contents on internet which are inappropriate for our age, yet they are available at the click of a mouse. Therefore, quality textbooks are better in consolidating our knowledge rather than computers.
Participant 4: My two knowledgeable friends have given enough food for thought to us. In the light of their input I have come to certain conclusions. Everything has two facets. Nuclear energy can be used to make power house and the same nuclear energy can be used to destroy civilizations. Similarly, computer is a double edged sword. If used judiciously computers can prove to be a great boon, otherwise it will be a curse.

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CBSE Class 8 English the Sentence
1. We use words when we Speak.or write. We usually use these words in group in correct order.
The cat sat on the mat.
A group of words which makes complete sense, is called a sentence.
Thus a sentence is a group of words that are kept in a particular order to make a complete sense.
2. Sentences are of four kinds:
(i) Those which make statements or assertions; as:
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
This is called a Declarative or Assertive sentence.
(ii) Those which ask questions; as:
What is your name?
This is called an Interrogative sentence.
(iii) Those which express commands, requests or entreaties; as:
Be quiet.Have mercy on me.
This is called an Imperative sentence.
(iv) Those which express strong feelings, as:
How warm the day is!
What a shameful behaviour!
This is called an Exclamatory sentence.
3. Every sentence has two parts!
(i) Subject and (ii) Predicate
When we make a sentence
 (i) We name some person or thing.
(ii) Say something about that person or thing.
In other words, we must have a subject to speak about and we must say or predicate something about that subject.
(a) So, the part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called the Subject of the sentence.
(b) The part which tells something about the subject is called the Predicate of the sentence.
For example:
Subject             Predicate
Suresh               runs
Birds                  fly
Girls                   play
My brother      passed the examination
It                        is very cold today
The dogs          bark at night.

4. The subject of a sentence usually comes first, but occasionally it is put after the predicate also; as:
(i) Here comes the bus.
(ii) Sweet are the uses of adversity.
5. However, in imperative sentences the subject is left out; as:
(i) Sit down—Here the subject you is understood.
(ii) Thank him—Here too the subject ‘you’ is understood.
6. A group of words, which makes sense, but not complete sense is called a Phrase. In the following sentences, the groups of words in italics are Phrases. These usually do not have Subject or Predicate.
1. Honesty pays in the long run.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. The Prime Minister’s post is not a bed of roses.
4. Show me how to do it.
5. It was a sunset of great beauty.

Exercise 1

Separate the Subject and the Predicate in the following sentences:
1. The boy stood on the last bench.
2. The singing of the birds
3. A good boy passed the examination.
4. It is very hot.
5. The cow gives us milk.
6. The earth revolves round the sun.
7. Edison invented the phonograph.
8. Delhi is the capital of India.
9. We cannot make the ocean diy.
10. No man can serve two masters.
Ans
Subject                                                                   predicate.
1. the boy                                                                   stood on the last bench.
2. The singing of the birds                                       makes me happy.
3. A good boy                                                               passed the examination.
4. It                                                                                is very hot.
5. The cow                                                                   gives us milk.
6. The earth                                                                revolves round the sun.
7. Edison                                                                      invented the phonograph.
8. Delhi                                                                        is the capital of India.
9. we                                                                              cannot make the ocean diy.
10. No man                                                                  can serve two masters.

Exercise 2
Complete the following sentences by inserting a suitable subject
1………………… bark at night.
2………………… sets in the west.
3……………… gives us milk.
4 ……………..is cloudy today.
5.………….. fly in the air.
6 ………………….sleep on the roof at night.
7 ………………..am in a hurry.
8.…………… opens at 10 O’clock in the morning.
9.………….. are playing football.
10………………….. greeted me with a sweet smile.
Ans
1. Dogs
2. The sun
3. The cow
4. It
5. Birds
6. They
7. I
8. This shop
9. Boys
10. He

Exercise 3
Put a suitable Predicate to complete the following sentences:
1. The moon …………….
2. The sun …………………..
3. The crow …………………..
4. The dogs……………………
5. The rose……………………..
6. Stars ………………………
7. Delhi ……………………………
8. Cows …………………………….
9. The door……………………………
10. The peon…………………………..
Ans
1. Appears at night 2. Rises in the east 3. Flies in the sky 4. Bark at the strangers 5. has a sweet smell. 6. look beautiful in the night. 7. is the capital of India. 8. give us milk. 9. was closed in the night. 10. has to work very hard.

Exercise 4
Name the type of sentences:
1. Please let me work.      2. The boys make a noise.
3. Stand up.     4. What a clever girl you are!
5. Were do you live?        6. What a horrible sight it was!
7. My father is a bank employee      8. Children like sweets.
9. Who is at the door?       10. Don’t make a noise.

Ans
1. Imperative sentence. 2. Assertive sentence 3. Imperative sentence 4. Exclamatory sentence 5. Interrogative sentence
6. Exclamatory sentence 7. Assertive sentence 8. Assertive sentence 9. Interrogative sentence. 10. Imperative sentence.

The post CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – The Sentence appeared first on Learn CBSE.

 The Parts of Speech

Words are divided into different kinds or classes.Words are divided into different kinds or classes.These are called Parts of Speech according to their use, that is, according to the work they do in a sentence. The Parts of Speech are eight in number:
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Verb5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection

                                                                   I.The Noun
A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.
Examples:
Ashoka was a great king.The rose smells sweet.
The sun shines bright.
I sit on the chair.
This is my pen.
India is a vast country.
Mount Everest is the highest peak.
Ramesh is my brother.
I always speak the truth.
Honesty is the best policy.
All the words in italics are nouns.
The definition of noun includes:
(a) all objects that we can see, hear, taste, touch or smell.
(b) something that we can think of, but cannot perceive by the senses.

II.The pronoun
A Pronoun is a word, which is used instead of or in place of a noun.
Examples:
Rita did not come as she was unwell.
The books are where you left them.
Umesh failed because he was careless.
The dress is on the table where I put it.
This is the cow, which gives us milk.
All the words in italics are pronouns.

 III. The Adjective
An Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:
Yuvraj is a brave boy.
My uncle gave me an expensive gift.
Reena is a good girl.
India is a great country.
Partho is an intelligent student.
She is poor but happy.
All the words in italics are adjectives.

IV.The Verb
A Verb is a word used to express an action, performance or state.
Examples:
I bought a new book yesterday.
Nikhil goes to school daily.
Mumbai is a big city.
The sun rises in the east.
I saw an elephant yesterday.
All the words in italics are verbs.

V. The Adverb
An Adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples:
He is a very good student.
She plays well.
He worked the sum quickly.
Surely you are mistaken.
Cut it lengthwise.
All the words in italics are adverbs.

VI. The Preposition
The Preposition is a word or group of words used with a noun or pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.
Examples:
I had gone to Mumbai.
The book is on the table.
The cow sits under a tree.
He is fond of tea.
The boy ran across the road.
All the words in italics are prepositions.

VII. The Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word which joins two words,sentences or clauses .
 Examples:
Partho and Sharan came to our house.
Mohan is poor hut honest.
She must weep or she will go mad.
Either take it or leave it.
It is neither useful nor ornamental.
All the words in italics are conjunctions.

VIII. The Interjection
An Interjection is a word which expresses some sentiment or sudden feeling.
examples:
Hurrah! we have won the match.
Alas! my uncle is dead.
Oh! it is you.
Bravo! you have done well.
All the words in italics are Interjections.

Exercise
Name the Part of Speech of each italicised word in the following sentences, giving in each case your reason for the classification:
1. He still lives in that house.
2. The after effects of the drug are bad.
3. He told us all about the battle.
4. Suddenly one of the wheels came off
5. Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
6. He kept the fast for a week.
7. He is on the committee.
8. Let us move on.
9. The up train is late.
10. I will watch while you sleep.
Ans
1. Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the verb lives’.
2. Adjective – adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘effects’.
3. Preposition – shows the relation between ‘all’ and ‘battle’.
4. Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘come’.
5. Verb – says something about ‘Mohammedans’.
6. Noun – the name of something.
7. Preposition – shows the relation between lie’ and ‘committee’.
8. Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the word ‘move’.
9. Adjective – adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘train’.
10. Conjunction – joins the two parts 1 will watch’ and ‘you sleep’.

The post CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Noun appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar-Articles

Articles are a type of determiners. The term determiner covers several classes of words which includes Definite and Indefinite Articles, the Demonstratives and Adjectives of indefinite number and quantity, numerals and possessives. Determiners identify or specify a noun in various ways, for example, by making it definite (the child), indefinite (a child) or by indicating quantity or amount (many/three/some children) etc. Here we will discuss only the Definite and Indefinite Articles.

A,An and The are called articles. ‘A’ and ‘An’ are Indefinite articles as they are used indefinitely before countable common nouns singular numbers. ‘A’ is used with nouns beginning with consonants or consonant sound whereas ‘ An’ is used with vowels or vowel sound.

Examples:

• a man an egg
• an hour (vowel sound) a union (consonant sound)
• The’ is Definite article as it points out some particular person or thing.

Examples:

• That is the umbrella I want.
• This is the hotel where we stay.
• The cow gives us milk.
• The man whom I met was very helpful.

 Use of ‘A’

1. It is used before a word beginning with a consonant; as
   a boy, a girl, a table, a year.
2. It is used before a word beginning with a consonant; as
   a boy, a girl, a table, a year.
3. It is used before the word ‘one’ that begins with the consonant sound of ‘was’;as
   a one-eyed man, a one-rupee note
4. It is used before such ‘u’ when it sounds on yu;as
   a useful animal, a European, a university.

Use of ‘An’

1. It is used before words beginning with a vowel; as
   an aeroplane, an elephant, an inkpot, an orange, an umbrella.
2.  It is used before words beginning with a ‘h’ when it is silent; as
   an honest man, an hour.
3.  It is used before words beginning with consonants having vowel sound; as
   an M.P., an M.L.A., an F.I.R., an M. Sc., an x-ray.

Use Of ‘The’

(i)  It is used before a particular person or thing; as

• The students of this class are very punctual.
• Did Reeta get the job she applied for?
• This is the boy I met yesterday.
• Let us go to the park.

(ii)  It is used to denote a whole class or kind; as

• The dog is a faithful animal.
• The horse runs fast.T
• The tiger is young.

(iii) It is used before common nouns which are names of things unique of then- kind; as

• The sun shines in the sky.
• The earth moves round the sun.
• The moon is round today.
• The world is beautiful.

(iv) It is used before the names of directions, the dates of months; as

• The sun rises in the east.
• The sun sets in the west.
• I joined my job on the 10th of November.

(v) It is used before the superlative degrees of an adjective; as

• Raman is the best boy in the class.
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state of India.

(vi) It is used before the names of oceans, rivers, gulfs, seas, mountain ranges and groups of islands; as

• Patna is situated on the bank of the Ganga.
• The Indian ocean is lying to the south of India.
• The Andamans lie in the east of India.
• The Persion Gulf countries have become wealthy.
• The Bay of Bengal lies in the west of India.

(vii) It is used before the names of races or nations; as

• The Indians are found in almost all the countries.
• The English exploited the Indians.
• The Muslims keep fast during the Ramzan.
• Holi is a festival of the Hindus.

(viii) It is used before the names of newspapers, religious books, famous buildings, ships, historical events; as

• I read the Times of India daily.
• The Ramayana is the holy book of the Hindus.
• The Taj is famous for’ its beauty. .
• The Titanic got its tragic end.

(ix)  It is used before Proper nouns, Material nouns and Abstract nouns to make them Common nouns: as

• Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
• He is the Tagore of Hindi poetry.
• The water of this well is fresh.
• The gold of this ring is pure.

(x) It is used before the musical instruments; as

• Rehman plays the harmonium.
• Richa plays the violin.

(xi) It is used before the inventions; as

• The telephone is very useful.
• Who invented the radio?

(xii) It is used before the parts of the body; as

• He got injury in the head.
• The rod hit him in the back.

(xiii) It is used before the political parties; as

• The Congress Party, The Communist Party

Omission of the Article The

Article is omitted before-Article is omitted before-

(i) Proper Nouns; as

• Kolkata, India, Ruchika, Mt. Everest, Sunday, January.Note: But we say the Punjab, the USA, the Deccan

(ii) Arts and Sciences; as

• My favourite subject is Science.
• I like painting.

(iii)  Names of materials; as

• Her saree is made of cotton.
• Gold is costly.
• Note: But we say:
• The tea of Assam is very popular.

(iv) Abstract nouns used in general sense; as

• Honesty is the best policy.
• Health is better than wealth.

Exercise 1

Some of these sentences are right, but some of them need a/an. Put in a/an where necessary. Write ok if the sentence is already correct.

1. I have not got watch.
2.  Do you like cheese?
3.  Reena never wears hat.
4.  Are you looking for job? & m’miQWtS.
5.  Madhu does not eat meat.
6. She eats apple every day,
7. I am going to party tonight.
8. Music is wonderful thing.
9. Jamaica is island.
10. I don’t need key.
11. Everybody needs food.
12. I have good idea.
13. Can you drive car?
14. Do you want cup of coffee?
15. I don’t like coffee without milk.
16.  Don’t go out without umbrella.

Answer

1. …. a watch.
2.  OK
3.  … a hat.
4.  … a job?
5.  OK
6. . … an apple
7.  … a party.
8.  …a wonderful thing.
9. … an island.
10.  … a key.
11.  OK.
12. … a good idea
13. … a car.
14.  … a cup of coffee?
15. OK
16. .. an umbrella.

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with a/an or the:

1. We enjoyed our holiday………………….. hotel was very nice,
2.  Can I ask…………… question?
3.  You look very tired. You need……………… holiday.
4. ’Where is Om? ‘He is in ……………bathroom.’
5. Rita ………………is interesting person. You must meet her
6. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to…………. get to city centre?
   B: Yes, go straight on and then take…………….. next turning left.
7. A: Shall we go out for …………….meal this evening?
   B: Yes, that is…………………. good idea.
8. It is ……………….nice morning. Let us go for…………….. walk.
9. Sushma is……………..student. When she finishes her studies, she wants to be ……………………….journalist.
10. Sushma lives with two friends in………………. flat near……….. college where she is studying ………….flat is small but she likes it.
11. Rakesh and Reena have got two children,…………… boy and ……………girl ……………..boy is ten years old and ……….girl is three.
12. Mohan works in ……………..factory. Meeta has not got ………………job at the moment.
13. ……………. man and ……………….woman were sitting opposite me ………….man was American but I think ……….woman was British.

Answer.

1. The
2.  a
3.  a
4.  the
5. an
6. The, the
7. a, a
8. a, a
9. a, a
10. a, the, The
11. a, a. The, the
12.  a, a.
13. a, a, The, the

Exercise 3

Put in a/an or the wherever necessary.

1. Don’t forget to turn off light when you go Out
2. Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me post card.
3. What is name of this village?
4.  Canada is very big country.
5. Which is largest city in Canada?
6.  I like this room but I don’t like colour of carpet.
7. ‘Are you OK?’ ‘No, I have got headache’.
8.  We live in old house near station.
9. What is name of director of film we saw last night?

Answer

1.  Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go out.
2. Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me a postcard.
3. What is the name of this village?
4. Canada is a very big country.
5. Which is the largest city in Canada?
6. I like this room but I don’t like the colour of the carpet.
7. Are you OK? ‘No, I have got a headache’.
8.  We live in an old house near the station.
9. What is the name of the director of the film we saw last night?

Exercise 4

Put in a, an or the wherever necessary. Don’t use any article where it is not necessary.

1.  My father is………………. M.A. in ………….mathematics.
2. Mumbai is…………. London of India.
3. We are going to………….. cinema.
4.  Yesterday I met…………. European playing with………………. boy.
5.  I have got ………headache.
6. ……..Ganga is……………….holy river.
7. ……….Quran is read by ………..Muslims.
8.  Rohit is ………..unique boy.
9. He is ……….most intelligent boy in the class.
10. I know how to play …………..sitar.
11. I live in …………Delhi.

Answer

1. an, X
2.  X, the
3.  the
4. a, a
5. a
6.  The, a
7. The, the
8. a
9.  the
10. the
11.  X

The post CBSE Class 7 English Grammar-Articles appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar Word power

This chapter includes antonyms (opposite), single word for a group of words and the same word used both as Noun and Verb.This chapter includes antonyms (opposite), single word for a group of words and the same word used both as Noun and Verb.

A. Antonyms (Opposite)

B. Single word for a Group of Words

C. Words used both as a Noun and Verb

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with the help of the words given in the box.

Heavy                dry           Withdraw             Rejected          Wide

Forget                Enemy       Late                     War                  Major  

1. My towel is wet but yours is …………….
2.  He never comes early, he is always…………… .
3.  I hoped that he would accept my proposal but finally he……………… it.
4. Deposit the amount and……………… it whenever you need.
5. Peace is always good,…………………. is always bad.
6. My box is light but yours is……………..
7. I have only friends and no…………………… .
8. My brother is minor. Next year he will become…………………… .
9. I always remember happy days and want to ………………bad ones.
10. This road is …………………… but that road is narrow.

Answers

1. My towel is wet but yours is dry.
2.  He never comes early, he is always late.
3. I hoped that he would accept my proposal but finally he rejected it.
4. Deposit the amount and withdraw it whenever you need.
5. Peace is always good, war is always bad.
6.  My box is light but yours is heavy.
7. I have only friends and no enemy.
8. My brother is minor. Next year he will become major.
9.  I always remember happy days and want to forget bad ones.
10.  This road is wide but that road is narrow.

Exercise 2

Write one word for the following group of words.

1.  That which cannot be heard.
2.  One who believes in fate
3. A cure of all diseases.
4. One who speaks for others.
5. A period of hundred years.
6. One who doesn’t know how to read and write
7.  One who believes in the existence of God
8. One who doesn’t believe in the existence of God
9. The life history of a person written by himself
10. The life history of a person written by another

Answers

1.  inaudible
2. fatalist
3. panacea
4.  spokesman
5. century
6. illiterate
7.  theist
8. atheist
9. autobiography
10. biography

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Educational loans in India

Educational loans in India

A superior quality of education is the one which provides all students with all potentials they need to become more economically productive, develop supportive livelihoods, helpful to peaceful and democratic societies and develop individual quality of wellbeing. It is a building block to lead a dignified life.

With the increase in tuition fees most of the students are far away to gain a quality education. It is highly expensive in some of the premier institutions. Students who are able to get a seat in such big institutions, it becomes difficult for them to study in those institutions due to their poor financial status.

The annual cost of education combined with living is on an average ₹ 350,000.  For undergraduate courses like engineering in private colleges it costs between 5-12 lakhs. For medical courses it is approximately 50 lakhs in government with a post-graduation degree and in private colleges it is exceeding 1crore. Post-graduation courses like MBA in India it costs around 10 lakhs. By this it is clear that private colleges charge more fee than government institutions to students. To meet their educational needs some banks offer educational loans to students charging some interest. This interest charge may vary from bank to bank. Education loan is also given to high school students who are studying in private institutions by some of the banks.

Parents who want to provide their children with the quality education invest their money in mutual funds, fixed deposits, unit linked insurance plans, etc., for the long term basis. In addition to these investments, education loan plays a vital role in such a case by filling the gap between the shortfall and required amount.

Many banks like SBI, Axis bank, United bank of India, HDFC bank, Avanse financial services, ICICI bank, Indian overseas bank, PNB, Dena Bank, Vijaya Bank etc offer educational loans to students at reasonable rates.

Interest on loans and the extent they issue is different for different banks. Below are the details of banks offering educational loan.

1. State Bank of India: SBI offers a maximum of Rs.10 lakhs for studies in India under SBI scholar scheme. Processing fee is not charged for SBI education loans.

• Interest rates of SBI student loan scheme

The fixed base rate is 9.85%. Interest is fixed at 3.50% above the base rate of 9.85%. Concession of 0.50% is provided for girl students and a 1% concession is offered for full tenure of loan, if the interest is serviced promptly during moratorium and course period.

Repayment of SBI educational loans tenure is 12 years which starts after the 6 months of course completion.

The security details of loan process are as follows:

2. Bank of Baroda:

Baroda gyan applies to the category of the students who are pursuing graduation, post-graduation and other professional courses in India.

The current Bank of Baroda education loan base rate is 10.00%. the interest rate are as follows:

2. Loans upto Rs.4 lakhs : Base Rate + 2.50%.
3. Loans from Rs.4 lakhs to Rs.7.50 lakhs : Base Rate + 2.50%.
4. Loans above Rs.7.50 lakhs : Base Rate + 1.75%.
5. Baroda Education Loan for Vocational Education & Training : Base Rate + 2.00%.

Loans to girl students gets an applicable 0.50% concession. For Vocational Education & Training, the concession will be 1.00%. Simple interest will be charged through the moratorium period with monthly rests. If loan amount exceeds Rs.2 lakhs, penal interest at the rate of 2% applies on the overdue amount. Added concession of 1.00% applies to students who are pursuing their studies in premier institutions like IIT, IIM, IIFT, AIIMS, ISB, NIT, XLRI, MDI, IISc, SPJIM etc.

3.Axis Bank: This bank offers loans to students to got admitted into medicine, engineering and management. Loan will cover the tuition fees, hostel charges, cost of study materials and other educational expenses. Maximum amount of loan offered is Rs.10 Lakhs. Interest rates applicable are as below

The base rate is currently fixed at 9.95%. There are no loan processing charges and prepayment charges. Rs.500 plus taxes per cheque bounce and a penal interest of 24% per annum on the overdue amount is charged for the late payment.

Here are the details of other banks which provide best educational loans to students:

• Punjab National bank student loan: eligibility of this loan is to be an Indian national and must have completed 10+2 or equivalent. For education in India you can avail loans up to 10 lakh.

Loan Amount – Interest Rate
Up to 4 lakhs – 10.25% + 3%
4 lakhs – 7.5 lakhs – 14.25%
Above 7.5 lakhs – 12.25%

Security details of this bank loan process:

Up to 4 lakh – Parent/Guardian made joint borrower
4.00-7.5 lakh – Apart from parent/guardian you need collateral security in the form of suitable third party guarantee
7.5 lakhs and above – Apart from parent/guardian you need collateral security in the form of suitable third party guarantee as well as an assessment of the future income of the student. For loans above 7.5 provided there is collateral security required.

• IDBI bank student loan: this bank offer loan to students who pursue non-vocational courses, vocational courses, management quota and under Financial Inclusion Program. No processing fee is charged.

• Canara bank educational loan: for studying in India bank offers a loan of 10 lakhs. Loans up to 4 lakh there is no collateral security while up to 7.5 lakh you will require third party guarantee. For loans above 7.5 lakhs a security equivalent to the loan is needed. Base rate is 10.20%.

Loan Amount – Interest Rate
Up to 4 lakhs – BR+1.5%
4 lakhs – 7.5 lakhs -BR+2%
Above 7.5 lakhs -BR+1.5%
Non priority category – BR+1.5%
Vocational education and training – BR+1.5%

• Bank of India student loan: maximum amount of loan issued by this bank is 10 lakhs. You must be Indian and must have secured selection for entrance exam through merit based selection to get this loan.

Loan Amount – Interest Rate
Up to 7.5 lakhs – 13.20%
Above 7.5 lakhs -12.70%

• Vijaya bank student loan: maximum loan offered is 10 lakhs. Eligible courses include regular technical and professional Degree/Diploma courses conducted by colleges/universities approved by UGC/ AICTE/IMC/Govt./AIBMS/ICMR. Etc.

 Things to be kept in mind while applying for the loan:

Credentials like loan documents should be supplied to the related bank in which the loan is applied. In addition to the necessary loan documents, an income certificate issued by Income Certifying Authority mentioned by the State Government is required.  Married applicants can mention their spouse as co-applicant. Submit HSC and SSLC certificates in addition to the degree mark sheet. Insurance covering the life of the borrower with the policy assigned in favour of SBI is mandatory while applying for education loan.

Documents to be submitted:

• Letter of admission
• Duly filled and signed loan application form
• 2 recent passport size photographs
• Statement of cost of study
• PAN Card, AADHAR card of student and parent/guardian
• Proof of identity and proof of residence
• IT returns or IT assessment order of previous two years of the co-borrower
• Statement of assets and liabilities of parent/guardian
• Proof of income of parent/guardian

Options are many in these days eventhough getting a student loan is not so easy.

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Educational loans to Study Abroad

Since there is a hike in education fees everywhere, there are so many ways to overcome these difficulties. Parents are investing their money in mutual funds, unit linked insurance plans etc. to get their children get admitted into reputed foreign institutions or universities and meet their educational needs. Overcoming these issues some banks are providing educational loans filling the gap between shortfall and required amount.

It is not good to dismiss the idea of ignoring the educational loan because you got scholarship. There is no doubt that scholarship will help the student very much. But meeting all the foreign educational expenses is definitely not possible only with scholarship. It basically covers tuition fees, book and any supplies fees, room and board fees, transportation fees, health insurance fees, and also your living expenses.

Educational loans play a dominant role in helping students who go abroad to meet their educational as well as financial needs. Educational loans for foreign institutions usually cover tuition fees, charges for examination, library, laboratory and hostel, cost of purchasing books, equipment, instruments and uniform, Travel expenses for study abroad, caution money, refundable deposit, etc. & study tours, exchange programs and project work.

Here are the details of the educational loans to Indian students:

Documents to be submitted while applying for an educational loan:

• Mark sheet for last qualifying examination of school and graduate studies in India
• Admission proof to the course
• Schedule of expenses for the course
• Copy of letter confirming scholarship (if any)
• Copy of Foreign Exchange permit ( if available)
• Two passport size photographs
• Statement of borrowers bank account for last six months
• Income Tax assessment order not older than two years
• Brief statement of Borrowers Assets and Liabilities
• If not a customer of the lending bank provide proof of identity and residence

Requirements for Education Loan To Study Abroad:

• The applicant must be a resident Indian
• Age group must be in between 16 and 35
• Capable of offering collateral for certain cases
• A co-applicant is required for all full-time programmes. The co-applicant can be a parent, spouse, sibling, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, or a paternal/maternal uncle/aunt

Here are the interest  and repayment details of some banks who offer educational loans:

The association of RBI and Indian Bankers’ Association (IBA), the Government of India has framed a Comprehensive Educational Loan Scheme. This covers all type of courses, including professional courses in schools and colleges in India and abroad. Features of this scheme are:

• The scheme issues loans upto Rs.15 lakhs for studying in foreign countries.
• No collateral margin is required and the interest rates should not exceed the primary lending rates (PLR) for loans up to Rs. 4 lakhs. Above that limit the interest rate will not exceed PLR plus 1 percent.
• Repayment of loan should be done over a period of 5 to 7 years with provision of grace period of one year after completion of studies.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8th Hindi Chapter 6 भगवान के डाकिये

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

Question 1:
कवि ने पक्षी और बादल को भगवान के डाकिए क्यों बताया हैं? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Solution:
कवि ने पक्षी और बादल को भगवान के डाकिए इसलिए कहा है क्योंकि जिस प्रकार डाकिए संदेश लाने का काम करते हैं, उसी प्रकार पक्षी और बादल भगवान का संदेश हम तक पहुँचाते हैं। उनके लाए संदेश को हम भले ही न समझ पाए, पर पेड़, पौधे, पानी और पहाड़ उसे भली प्रकार पढ़-समझ लेतें हैं। जिस तरह बादल और पक्षी दूसरे देश में जाकर भी भेदभाव नहीं करते उसी तरह हमें भी आचरण करना चाहिए।

Question 2:
पक्षी और बादल द्वारा लाई गई चिट्ठियों को कौन-कौन पढ़ पाते हैं? सोच कर लिखिए।
Solution:
पक्षी और बादल द्वारा लायी गई चिट्ठियों को पेड़-पौधे, पानी और पहाड़ पढ़ पाते हैं।

Question 3:
किन पंक्तियों का भाव है :
(क) पक्षी और बादल प्रेम, सद्भाव और एकता का संदेश एक देश से दूसरे देश को भेजते हैं।
(ख) प्रकृति देश-देश में भेद भाव नहीं करती। एक देश से उठा बादल दूसरे देश में बरस जाता है।
Solution:
(क) पक्षी और बादल,
ये भगवान के डाकिए हैं,
जो एक महादेश से
दूसरे महादेश को जाते हैं।
हम तो समझ नहीं पाते हैं
मगर उनकी लाई चिट्ठियाँ
पेड़, पौधें, पानी और पहाड़
बाँचते हैं।
(ख) और एक देश का भाप
दूसरे देश में पानी
बनकर गिरता है।

Question 4:
पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों में पेड़-पौधे, पानी और पहाड़ क्या पढ़ पाते हैं?
Solution:
कवि का कहना है कि पक्षी और बादल भगवान के डाकिए हैं। जिस प्रकार डाकिए संदेश लाने का काम करते हैं, उसी प्रकार पक्षी और बादल भगवान का संदेश लाने का काम करते हैं। पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों में पेड़-पौधे, पानी और पहाड़ भगवान के भेजे एकता और सद्भावना के संदेश को पढ़ पाते हैं। इसपर अमल करते नदियाँ समान भाव से सभी लोगों में अपने पानी को बाँटती है। पहाड़ भी समान रूप से सबके साथ खड़ा होता है। पेड़-पौधें समान भाव से अपने फल, फूल व सुगंध को बाँटते हैं, कभी भेदभाव नहीं करते।

Question 5:
”एक देश की धरती दूसरे देश को सुगंध भेजती है” – कथन का भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Solution:
एक देश की धरती अपने सुगंध व प्यार को पक्षियों के माध्यम से दूसरे देश को भेजकर सद्भावना का संदेश भेजती है। धरती अपनी भूमि में उगने वाले फूलों की सुगंध को हवा से, पानी को बादलों के रूप में भेजती है। हवा में उड़ते हुए पक्षियों के पंखों पर प्रेम-प्यार की सुगंध तैरकर दूसरे देश तक पहुँच जाती है। इस प्रकार एक देश की धरती दूसरे देश को सुगंध भेजती है।

Question 6:
पक्षियों और बादल की चिट्ठियों के आदान-प्रदान को आप किस दृष्टि से देख सकते हैं?
Solution:
पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों के आदान-प्रदान को हम प्रेम, सौहार्द और आपसी सद्भाव की दृष्टि से देख सकते हैं। यह हमें यहीं संदेश देते हैं।

Question 7:
आज विश्व में कहीं भी संवाद भेजने और पाने का एक बड़ा साधन इंटरनेट है। पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों की तुलना इंटरनेट से करते हुए दस पंक्तियाँ लिखिए।
Solution:
पक्षी और बादल प्रकृति के अनुसार काम करते हैं किंतु, इंटरनेट मनुष्य के अनुसार काम करते है। बादल का कार्य प्रकृति-प्रेमी को प्रभावित करती है किंतु, इंटरनेट विज्ञानं प्रेमी को प्रभावित करती है। पक्षी और बादल का कार्य धीमी गति से होता है किंतु, इंटरनेट का कार्य तीव्र गति से होता है। इंटरनेट एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति तक बात पहुँचाने का ही सरल तथा तेज माध्यम है। इसके द्वारा हम किसी व्यक्तिगत रायों को जान सकते हैं किन्तु पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियाँ हमें भगवान का सन्देश देते हैं। वे बिना भेदभाव के सारी दुनिया में प्रेम और एकता का संदेश देते हैं। हमें भी इंटरनेट के माध्यम से प्रेम और एकता और भाईचारा का संदेश विश्व में फैलाना चाहिए।

Question 8:
‘हमारे जीवन में डाकिए की भूमिका’ क्या है? इस विषय पर दस वाक्य लिखिए।
Solution:
डाकिया’ भारतीय सामाजिक जीवन की एक आधारभूत कड़ी है। डाकिया द्वारा डाक लाना, पत्रों का बेसब्री से इंतज़ार, डाकिया से ही पत्र पढ़वाकर उसका जवाब लिखवाना इत्यादि तमाम महत्त्वपूर्ण पहलू हैं, जिन्हें नज़रअंदाज नहीं किया जा सकता। उसके परिचित सभी तबके के लोग हैं। हमारे जीवन में डाकिए की भूमिका अत्यन्त महत्त्वपूर्ण  है। भले ही अब कंप्यूटर और इ-मेल का ज़माना आ गया है पर, डाकिया का महत्त्व अभी भी उतना ही बना हुआ है जितना पहले था।
कई अन्य देशों ने होम-टू-होम डिलीवरी को खत्म करने की तरफ कदम बढ़ाये हैं, या इसे सुविधा-शुल्क से जोड़ दिया है, वहीं भारतीय डाकिया आज भी सुबह से शाम तक चलता ही रहता है। डाकिया कम वेतन पाकर भी अपना काम अत्यन्त परिश्रम और लगन के साथ संपन्न करता है। गर्मी, जाड़ा और बरसात का सामना करते हुए वह समाज की सेवा करता है। भारतीय डाक प्रणाली की गुडविल बनाने में उनका सर्वाधिक योगदान माना जाता है।

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The post NCERT Solutions for Class 8th Hindi Chapter 6 भगवान के डाकिये appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Chapter 7 क्या निराश हुआ जाए

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

Question 1:
लेखक ने स्वीकार किया है कि लोगों ने उन्हें भी धोखा दिया है फिर भी वह निराश नहीं हैं। आपके विचार से इस बात का क्या कारण हो सकता है?
Solution:
लेखक ने अपने व्यक्तिगत अनुभवों का वर्णन करते हुए कहा है कि उसने धोखा भी खाया है परंतु बहुत कम स्थलों पर विश्वासघात नाम की चीज मिलती है। पर उसका मानना है कि अगर वो इन धोखों को याद रखेगा तो उसके लिए विश्वास करना बेहद कष्टकारी होगा और ऐसी घटनाएँ भी बहुत कम नहीं हैं जब लोगों ने अकारण उनकी सहायता की है, निराश मन को ढाँढस दिया है और हिम्मत बँधाई है।
टिकट बाबू द्वारा बचे हुए पैसे लेखक को लौटाना, बस कंडक्टर द्वारा दूसरी बस व बच्चों के लिए दूध लाना आदि ऐसी घटनाएँ हैं। इसलिए उसे विश्वास है कि समाज में मानवता, प्रेम, आपसी सहयोग समाप्त नहीं हो सकते।

Question 2:
दोषों का पर्दाफ़ाश करना कब बुरा रूप ले सकता है?
Solution:
दोषों का पर्दाफ़ाश करना तब बुरा रूप ले सकता है जब हम किसी के आचरण के गलत पक्ष को उद्घाटित करके उसमें रस लेते है या जब हमारे ऐसा करने से वे लोग उग्र रूप धारण कर किसी को हानि पहुँचाए।

Question 3:
आजकल के बहुत से समाचार पत्र या समाचार चैनल ‘दोषों का पर्दाफ़ाश’ कर रहे हैं। इस प्रकार के समाचारों और कार्यक्रमों की सार्थकता पर तर्क सहित विचार लिखिए?
Solution:
इस प्रकार के पर्दा फाश से समाज में व्याप्त बुराईयों से, अपने आस-पास के वातावरण तथा लोगों से अवगत हो जाते हैं और इसके कारण समाज में जागरूकता भी आती है साथ ही समाज समय रहते ही सचेत और सावधान हो जाता हैं।

Question 4:
निम्नलिखित के संभावित परिणाम क्या-क्या हो सकते हैं? आपस में चर्चा कीजिए, जैसे – ”ईमानदारी को मूर्खता का पर्याय समझा जाने लगा है। ”परिणाम-भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ेगा।

1. ”सच्चाईकेवल भीरु और बेबस लोगों के हिस्से पड़ी है।” ………………..
2. ”झूठ और फरेब का रोज़गार करनेवाले फल-फूल रहे हैं।” ………………..
3. ”हर आदमी दोषी अधिक दिख रहा है, गुणी कम।” ………………..

Solution:

1. ”सच्चाईकेवल भीरु और बेबस लोगों के हिस्से पड़ी है। – तानाशाही बढ़ेगी
2. ”झूठ और फरेब का रोज़गार करनेवाले फल-फूल रहे हैं।” – भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ेगा
3. ”हर आदमी दोषी अधिक दिख रहा है, गुणी कम।” – अविश्वास बढ़ेगा

Question 5:
लेखक ने लेख का शीर्षक ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ क्यों रखा होगा? क्या आप इससे भी बेहतर शीर्षक सुझा सकते हैं?
Solution:
लेखक ने इस लेख का शीर्षक ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ उचित रखा है। आजकल हम अराजकता की जो घटनाऍ अपने आसपास घटते देखते रहते हैं। जिससे हमारे मन में निराशा भर जाती है। लेकिन लेखक हमें उस समय समाज के मानवीय गुणों से भरे लोगों को और उनके कार्यों को याद करने कहा हैं जिससे हम निराश न हो।
इसका अन्य शीर्षक ‘हम निराशा से आशा’ भी रख सकते हैं।

Question 6:
यदि ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ के बाद कोई विराम चिहन  लगाने के लिए कहा जाए तो आप दिए गए चिह्नों में से कौन-सा चिहन लगाएँगे? अपने चुनाव का कारण भी बताइए – , । . । ? ; – , …. ।
Solution:
‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ के बाद मैं प्रश्न चिन्ह ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए?’ लगाना उचित समझता हूँ। समाज में व्याप्त बुराइयों के बीच रहते हुए भी जीवन जीने के लिए सकारात्मक दृष्टि जरूरी है।

Question 7:
”आदर्शों की बातें करना तो बहुत आसान है पर उन पर चलना बहुत कठिन है।” क्या आप इस बात से सहमत हैं? तर्क सहित उत्तर दीजिए।
Solution:
”आदर्शों की बातें करना तो बहुत आसान है पर उन पर चलना बहुत कठिन है।” – मैं इस कथन से सहमत हूँ क्योंकि व्यक्ति जब आदर्शो की राह पर चलता है तब उसे कई कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है। असामाजिक तत्वों का अकेले सामना करना पड़ता है।

भाषा की बात

Question 1:
दो शब्दों के मिलने से समास बनता है। समास का एक प्रकार है – द्वंद्व समास।
इसमें दोनों शब्द प्रधान होते हैं। जब दोनों भाग प्रधान होंगे तो एक-दूसरे में द्वंद्व (स्पर्धा, होड़) की संभावना होती है। कोई किसी से पीछे रहना नहीं चाहता,
जैसे – चरम और परम = चरम-परम, भीरु और बेबस = भीरू-बेबस। दिन और रात = दिन-रात।
‘और’ के साथ आए शब्दों के जोड़े को ‘और’ हटाकर (-) योजक चिह्न भी लगाया जाता है। कभी-कभी एक साथ भी लिखा जाता है।
द्वंद्व समास के बारह उदाहरण ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Solution:

Question 2:
पाठ से तीनों प्रकार की संज्ञाओं के उदाहरण खोजकर लिखिए।
Solution:
जातिवाचक संज्ञा : बस, यात्री, मनुष्य, ड्राइवर, कंडक्टर,
हिन्दू, मुस्लिम, आर्य, द्रविड़, पति, पत्नी आदि।
भाववाचक संज्ञा : ईमानदारी, सच्चाई, झूठ, चोर, डकैत आदि।

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The post NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Chapter 7 क्या निराश हुआ जाए appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Chapter 9 कबीर की साखियाँ

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

Question 1:
‘तलवार का महत्त्व होता है, म्यान का नहीं’ – उक्त उदाहरण से कबीर क्या कहना चाहता है? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Solution:
‘तलवार का महत्व होता है, म्यान का नहीं’ से कबीर यह कहना चाहता है कि असली चीज़ की कद्र की जानी चाहिए। दिखावटी वस्तु का कोई महत्त्व नहीं होता। इसी प्रकार किसी व्यक्ति की पहचान अथवा उसका मोल उसकी काबलियत के अनुसार तय होता है न कि कुल, जाति, धर्म आदि से। उसी प्रकार ईश्वर का भी वास्तविक ज्ञान जरुरी है। ढोंग-आडंबर तो म्यान के समान निरर्थक है। असली बह्रम को पहचानो और उसी को स्वीकारो।

Question 2:
पाठ की तीसरी साखी-जिसकी एक पंक्ति हैं ‘मनुवाँ तो दहुँ दिसि फिरै, यह तो सुमिरन नाहिं’ के द्वारा कबीर क्या कहना चाहते हैं?
Solution:
कबीरदास जी इस पंक्ति के द्वारा यह कहना चाहते हैं कि भगवान का स्मरण एकाग्रचित होकर करना चाहिए। इस साखी के द्वारा कबीर केवल माला फेरकर ईश्वर की उपासना करने को ढोंग बताते हैं।

Question 3:
कबीर घास की निंदा करने से क्यों मना करते हैं। पढ़े हुए दोहे के आधार पर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Solution:
घास का अर्थ है पैरों में रहने वाली तुच्छ वस्तु। कबीर अपने दोहे में उस घास तक की निंदा करने से मना करते हैं जो हमारे पैरों के तले होती है। कबीर के दोहे में ‘घास’ का विशेष अर्थ है। यहाँ घास दबे-कुचले व्यक्तियों की प्रतीक है। कबीर के दोहे का संदेश यही है कि व्यक्ति या प्राणी चाहे वह जितना भी छोटा हो उसे तुच्छ समझकर उसकी निंदा नहीं करनी चाहिए। हमें सबका सम्मान करना चाहिए।

Question 4:
मनुष्य के व्यवहार में ही दूसरों को विरोधी बना लेनेवाले दोष होते हैं। यह भावार्थ किस दोहे से व्यक्त होता है?
Solution:
”जग में बैरी कोइ नहीं, जो मन सीतल होय।
या आपा को डारि दे, दया करै सब कोय।।

Question 5:
“या आपा को डारि दे, दया करै सब कोय।”
“ऐसी बानी बोलिए मन का आपा खोय।”
इन दोनों पंक्तियों में ‘आपा’ को छोड़ देने या खो देने की बात की गई है। ‘आपा’ किस अर्थ में प्रयुक्त हुआ है? क्या ‘आपा’ स्वार्थ के निकट का अर्थ देता है या घमंड का?
Solution:
“या आपा को . . . . . . . . . आपा खोय।” इन दो पंक्तियों में ‘आपा’ को छोड़ देने की बात की गई है। यहाँ ‘आपा’ अंहकार के अर्थ में प्रयुक्त हुआ है। ‘आपा’ घमंड का अर्थ देता है।

Question 6:
आपके विचार में आपा और आत्मविश्वास में तथा आपा और उत्साह में क्या कोई अंतर हो सकता है? स्पष्ट करें।
Solution:
आपा और आत्मविश्वास में तथा आपा और उत्साह में अंतर हो सकता है –

1. आपा और आत्मविश्वास – आपा का अर्थ है अहंकार जबकि आत्मविश्वास का अर्थ है अपने ऊपर विश्वास।
2. आपा और उत्साह – आपा का अर्थ है अहंकार जबकि उत्साह का अर्थ है किसी काम को करने का जोश।

Question 7:
सभी मनुष्य एक ही प्रकार से देखते-सुनते हैं पर एकसमान विचार नहीं रखते। सभी अपनी-अपनी मनोवृत्तियों के अनुसार कार्य करते हैं। पाठ में आई कबीर की किस साखी से उपर्युक्त पंक्तियों के भाव मिलते हैं, एकसमान होने के लिए आवश्यक क्या है? लिखिए।
Solution:
”आवत गारी एक है, उलटत होइ अनेक।
कह कबीर नहिं उलटिए, वही एक की एक।।”
मनुष्य के एक समान होने के लिए सबकी सोच का एक समान होना आवश्यक है।

Question 8:
कबीर के दोहों को साखी क्यों कहा जाता है?
Solution:
कबीर के दोहों को साखी इसलिए कहा जाता है क्योंकि इनमें श्रोता को गवाह बनाकर साक्षात् ज्ञान दिया गया है। कबीर समाज में फैली कुरीतियों, जातीय भावनाओं, और बाह्य आडंबरों को इस ज्ञान द्वारा समाप्त करना चाहते थे।

भाषा की बात

Question 1:
बोलचाल की क्षेत्रीय विशेषताओं के कारण शब्दों के उच्चारण में परिवर्तन होता है जैसे वाणी शब्द बानी बन जाता है। मन से मनवा, मनुवा आदि हो जाता है। उच्चारण के परिवर्तन से वर्तनी भी बदल जाती है। नीचे कुछ शब्द दिए जा रहे हैं उनका वह रूप लिखिए जिससे आपका परिचय हो।
ग्यान, जीभि, पाऊँ, तलि, आंखि, बरी।
Solution:
ग्यान – ज्ञान
जीभि – जीभ
पाऊँ – पाँव
तलि – तले
आँखि – आँख
बरी – बड़ी

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Chapter 11 जब सिनेमा ने बोलना सीखा

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

Question 1:
जब पहली बोलती फिल्म प्रदर्शित हुई तो उसके पोस्टरों पर कौन-से वाक्य छापे गए? उस फिल्म में कितने चेहरे थे? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Solution:
देश की पहली बोलती फिल्म के विज्ञापन के लिए छापे गए वाक्य इस प्रकार थे –
”वे सभी सजीव हैं, साँस ले रहे हैं, शत-प्रतिशत बोल रहे हैं, अठहत्तर मुर्दा इनसान जिंदा हो गए, उनको बोलते, बातें करते देखो।”
पाठ के आधार पर ‘आलम आरा’ में कुल मिलाकर 78 चेहरे थे अर्थात् काम कर रहे थे।

Question 2:
पहला बोलता सिनेमा बनाने के लिए फिल्मकार अर्देशिर एम. ईरानी को प्रेरणा कहाँ से मिली? उन्होंने आलम आरा फिल्म के लिए आधार कहाँ से लिया? विचार व्यक्त कीजिए।
Solution:
फिल्मकार अर्देशिर एम. ईरानी ने 1929 में हॉलीवुड की एक बोलती फिल्म ‘शो बोट’ देखी और तभी उनके मन में बोलती फिल्म बनाने की इच्छा जगी। इस फ़िल्म का आधार उन्होंने पारसी रंगमंच के एक लोकप्रिय नाटक से लिया।

Question 3:
विट्ठल का चयन आलम आरा फिल्म के नायक के रूप हुआ लेकिन उन्हें हटाया क्यों गया? विट्ठल ने पुन: नायक होने के लिए क्या किया? विचार प्रकट कीजिए।
Solution:
विट्ठल को फ़िल्म से इसलिए हटाया गया कि उन्हें उर्दू बोलने में परेशानी होती थी। पुन: अपना हक पाने के लिए उन्होंने मुकदमा कर दिया। विट्ठल मुकदमा जीत गए और भारत की पहली बोलती फिल्म के नायक बनें।

Question 4:
पहली सवाक् फिल्म के निर्माता-निदेशक अर्देशिर को जब सम्मानित किया गया तब सम्मानकर्ताओ ने उनके लिए क्या कहा था? अर्देशिर ने क्या कहा? और इस प्रसंग में लेखक ने क्या टिप्पणी की है? लिखिए।
Solution:
पहली सवाक्‌ फिल्म के निर्माता-निर्देशक अर्देशिर को प्रदर्शन के पच्चीस वर्ष पूरे होने पर सम्मानित किया गया और उन्हें ”भारतीय सवाक्‌ फिल्मों का पिता” कहा गया तो उन्होंने उस मौके पर कहा था, – ”मुझे इतना बड़ा खिताब देने की जरूरत नहीं है। मैंने तो देश के लिए अपने हिस्से का जरूरी योगदान दिया है।” इस प्रसंग की चर्चा करते हुए लेखक ने अर्देशिर को विनम्र कहा है।

Question 5:
मूक सिनेमा में संवाद नहीं होते, उसमें दैहिक अभिनय की प्रधानता होती है। पर, जब सिनेमा बोलने लगा, उसमें अनेक परिवर्तन हुए। उन परिवर्तनों को अभिनेता, दर्शक और कुछ तकनीकी दृष्टि से पाठ का आधार लेकर खोजें, साथ ही अपनी कल्पना का भी सहयोग लें।
Solution:
मूक सिनेमा ने बोलना सीखा तो बहुत सारे परिवर्तन हुए। बोलती फिल्म बनने के कारण अभिनेताओं पढ़ा-लिखा होना ज़रूरी हो गया, क्योंकि अब उन्हें संवाद भी बोलने पड़ते थे। दर्शकों पर भी अभिनेताओं का प्रभाव पड़ने लगा। नायक-नायिका के लोकप्रिय होने से औरतें अभिनेत्रियों की केश सज्जा तथा उनके कपड़ों की नकल करने लगीं। दृश्य और श्रव्य माध्यम के एक ही फ़िल्म में समिश्रित हो जाने से तकनीकी दृष्टि से भी बहुत सारे परिवर्तन हुए।

Question 6:
डब फिल्में किसे कहते हैं? कभी-कभी डब फ़िल्मों में अभिनेता के मुँह खोलने और आवाज़ में अंतर आ जाता है। इसका कारण क्या हो सकता है?
Solution:
फिल्मों में जब अभिनेताओं को दूसरे की आवाज़ दी जाती है तो उसे डब कहते हैं।
कभी-कभी फिल्मों में आवाज़ तथा अभिनेता के मुँह खोलने में अंतर आ जाता है क्योंकि डब करने वाले और अभिनय करने वाले की बोलने की गति समान नहीं होती या किसी तकनीकी दिक्कत के कारण हो जाता है।

भाषा की बात

Question 1:
सवाक् शब्द​ वाक् के पहले ‘स’ लगाने से बना है। स उपसर्ग से कई शब्द​ बनते हैं। निम्नलिखित शब्दों के साथ ‘स’ का उपसर्ग की भाँति प्रयोग करके शब्द बनाएँ और शब्दार्थ में होनेवाले परिवर्तन को बताएँ।
हित, परिवार, विनय, चित्र, बल, सम्मान।
Solution:
शब्द – उपसर्ग वाले शब्द

(i) हित – सहित
(ii) परिवार – सपरिवार
(iii) विनय – सविनय
(iv) चित्र – सचित्र
(v) बल – सबल
(vi) मान – सम्मान

Question 2:
उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय दोनों ही शब्दांश होते हैं। वाक्य में इनका अकेला प्रयोग नहीं होता। इन दोनों में अंतर केवल इतना होता है कि उपसर्ग किसी भी शब्द में पहले लगता है और प्रत्यय बाद में।
हिंदी के सामान्य उपसर्ग इस प्रकार हैं – अ/अन, नि, दु, क/कु, स/सु, अध, बिन, औ आदि।
पाठ में आए उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय युक्त शब्दों के कुछ उदाहरण नीचे दिए जा रहे हैं

इस प्रकार के 15-15 उदाहरण खोजकर लिखिए और अपने सहपाठियों को दिखाइए।
Solution:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Chapter 12 सुदामा चरित

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

Question 1:
सुदामा की दीनदशा देखकर श्रीकृष्ण की क्या मनोदशा हुई? अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
Solution:
सुदामा की दीनदशा को देखकर दुख के कारण श्री कृष्ण की आँखों से अश्रुधारा बहने लगी। उन्होंने सुदामा के पैरों को धोने के लिए पानी मँगवाया। परन्तु उनकी आँखों से इतने आँसू निकले की उन्ही आँसुओं से सुदामा के पैर धुल गए।

Question 2:
“पानी परात को हाथ छुयो नहिं, नैनन के जल सों पग धोए।” पंक्ति में वर्णित भाव का वर्णन अपने शब्दों में कीजिए।
Solution:
प्रस्तुत दोहे में यह कहा गया है कि जब सुदामा दीन-हीन अवस्था में कृष्ण के पास पहुँचे तो कृष्ण उन्हें देखकर व्यथित हो उठे। श्रीकृष्ण ने सुदामा के आगमन पर उनके पैरों को धोने के लिए परात में पानी मँगवाया परन्तु सुदामा की दुर्दशा देखकर श्रीकृष्ण को इतना कष्ट हुआ कि वे स्वयं रो पड़े और उनके आँसुओं से ही सुदामा के पैर धुल गए। अर्थात् परात में लाया गया जल व्यर्थ हो गया।

Question 3:
“चोरी की बान में हौ जू प्रवीने।”

(क) उपर्युक्त पंक्ति कौन, किससे कह रहा है?
(ख) इस कथन की पृष्ठभूमि स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ग) इस उपालंभ (शिकायत) के पीछे कौन-सी पौराणिक कथा है?

Solution:

(क) उपर्युक्त पंक्ति श्रीकृष्ण अपने बालसखा सुदामा से कह रहे हैं।
(ख) अपनी पत्नी द्वारा दिए गए चावल संकोचवश सुदामा श्रीकृष्ण को भेंट स्वरूप नहीं दे पा रहे हैं। परन्तु श्रीकृष्ण सुदामा पर दोषारोपण करते हुए इसे चोरी कहते हैं और कहते हैं कि चोरी में तो तुम पहले से ही निपुण हो।
(ग) बचपन में जब कृष्ण और सुदामा साथ-साथ संदीपन ऋषि के आश्रम में अपनी-अपनी शिक्षा ग्रहण कर रहे थे। तभी एकबार जब श्रीकृष्ण और सुदामा जंगल में लकड़ियाँ एकत्र करने जा रहे थे तब गुरूमाता ने उन्हें रास्ते में खाने के लिए चने दिए थे। सुदामा श्रीकृष्ण को बिना बताए चोरी से चने खा लेते हैं। श्रीकृष्ण उसी चोरी का उपालंभ सुदामा को देते हैं।

Question 4:
द्वारका से खाली हाथ लौटते समय सुदामा मार्ग में क्या-क्या सोचते जा रहे थे? वह कृष्ण के व्यवहार से क्यों खीझ रहे थे? सुदामा के मन की दुविधा को अपने शब्दों में प्रकट कीजिए।
Solution:
द्वारका से खाली हाथ लौटते समय सुदामा का मन बहुत दुखी था। वे कृष्ण द्वारा अपने प्रति किए गए व्यवहार के बारे में सोच रहे थे कि जब वे कृष्ण के पास पहुँचे तो कृष्ण ने आनन्द पूर्वक उनका आतिथ्य सत्कार किया था। क्या वह सब दिखावटी था? वे कृष्ण के व्यवहार से खीझ रहे थे क्योंकि उन्हें आशा थी कि श्रीकृष्ण उनकी दरिद्रता दूर करने के लिए धन-दौलत देकर विदा करेंगे परंतु श्रीकृष्ण ने उन्हें चोरी की उलहाना देकर खाली हाथ ही वापस भेज दिया।

Question 5:
अपने गाँव लौटकर जब सुदामा अपनी झोंपड़ी नहीं खोज पाए तब उनके मन में क्या-क्या विचार आए? कविता के आधार पर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Solution:
द्वारका से लौटकर सुदामा जब अपने गाँव वापस आएँ तो अपनी झोंपड़ी के स्थान पर बड़े-बड़े भव्य महलों को देखकर सबसे पहले तो उनका मन भ्रमित हो गया कि कहीं मैं घूम फिर कर वापस द्वारका ही तो नहीं चला आया। फिर भी उन्होंने पूरा गाँव छानते हुए सबसे पूछा लेकिन उन्हें अपनी झोंपड़ी नहीं मिली।

Question 6:
निर्धनता के बाद मिलनेवाली संपन्नता का चित्रण कविता की अंतिम पंक्तियों में वर्णित है। उसे अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
Solution:
श्रीकृष्ण की कृपा से निर्धन सुदामा की दरिद्रता दूर हो गई। जहाँ सुदामा की टूटी-फूटी सी झोपड़ी रहा करती थी, वहाँ अब सोने का महल खड़ा है। कहाँ पहले पैरों में पहनने के लिए चप्पल तक नहीं थी, वहाँ अब घूमने के लिए हाथी घोड़े हैं, पहले सोने के लिए केवल यह कठोर भूमि थी और अब शानदार नरम-मुलायम बिस्तरों का इंतजाम है, कहाँ पहले खाने के लिए चावल भी नहीं मिलते थे और आज प्रभु की कृपा से खाने को मनचाही चीज उपलब्ध है। परन्तु वे अच्छे नहीं लगते।

भाषा की बात

Question 1:
“पानी परात को हाथ छुयो नहिं, नैनन के जल सो पग धोए”
ऊपर लिखी गई पंक्ति को ध्यान से पढ़िए। इसमें बात को बहुत अधिक बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर चित्रित किया गया है। जब किसी बात को इतना बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर प्रस्तुत किया जाता है तो वहाँ पर अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार होता है। आप भी कविता में से एक अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार का उदाहरण छाँटिए।
Solution:
”कै वह टूटी-सी छानी हती, कहँ कंचन के अब धाम सुहावत।”- यहाँ अतिश्योक्ति अलंकार है।
टूटी सी झोपड़ी के स्थान पर अचानक कंचन के महल का होना अतिश्योक्ति है।

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology – Microsoft Access

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark each]

Question 1. What is the default extension of a MS-Access database?
Answer: The default extension of a MS-Access database is .accdb.

Question 2. How NUMBER and DATE/TIME type fields are different in Access? Give any one difference.
Answer: NUMBER data type contains numeric values, while DATE/TIME type field contains date and time values.

Question 3. Give five names of database templates used in MS-Access 2007.
Answer: Assets, Contacts, Events, Faculty and Issues.

Question 4. What happens when you enter numbers in a Text data type field? CBSE 2008
Answer: Numbers are accepted as a text values.

Question 5. Name the data type that should be used to store Student’s Admission numbers.
[Examples of Admission number; S100, S101, S102] CBSE 2008
Answer: Data type should be Text.

Question 6. Give the names of five data types used in MS-Access.
Answer: Text, Memo, Date/Time, Yes/No and Currency.

Question 7. What happens when text is entered in a Number type field? CBSE 2005
Answer: When we enter text in a Number field and press Enter or press Tab key, MS-Access displays a message that “The value you entered does not match the Number data type in this column.”

Question 8. Is it necessary to define a field type for a field in MS-Access?
Answer: Yes, it is necessary to define a type of a field while entering data into a field.

Question 9. Write one example of data for which Memo data type is used. CBSE 2008
Answer: To store resume of an employee in Employee table is an example of Memo data type.

Question 10. Which property should be set, if it is required that ‘Delhi’ is automatically entered in the city field when a new record is created? CBSE 2008
Answer: Default Value property should be set.

Question 11. Which field property sets limits on the data that is entered? CBSE 2006
Answer: Fixed Field Length or Field Size property sets the limits on the data entered.

Question 12. For which type of field, “Default Value” property is not applicable? CBSE 2007
Answer: Attachment, AutoNumber, OLE Object.

Question 13. What is the use of AutoNumber type field used in MS-Access?
or
Define the AutoNumber data type in MS- Access. CBSE 2006
Answer: AutoNumber data type starts with a number for the first record and it automatically increases the number by a set of amount for each record.

Question 14. Which field property specifies whether the field can be left empty when entering data into a record? CBSE 2005
Answer: Required property

Question 15. What are two areas of the Design View of the table? CBSE 2006
Answer: Field description and Field properties.

Question 16. What happens, if you do not enter a caption for a field?
Answer: In this case, Field Name is used as a label.

Question 17. If the data type of a field is set to Text, what will be its number range?
Answer: Its range will be 0 to 255.

Question 18. What are the views in which fields can be deleted in MS-Access? CBSE 2006
Answer: Datasheet View and Design View.

Question 19. What is Fixed Field Length?
Answer: It refers to a type of field length in which the number of characters you enter will be fixed.

Question 20. What are the commands contained by Create tab?
Answer: The Create tab has various commands such as Table Design, Table Templates, Pivotchart, Form, Report, Macro and Query Wizard.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 & 3 Marks each]

Question 1. How will you create a blank database in MS-Access 2007?
Answer: Creating a Blank Database
To create a new blank database, you need to perform the steps which are as follows:

• Step 1 Start Microsoft Access 2007, then Getting Started with Microsoft Office Access page will appear.
  
• Step 2 Click on Blank Database icon, the Blank Database pane will appear at the right hand side as shown in the below figure:
  
• Step 3 Type a name for the database in the File Name: box. If you do not give a file name extension, Access automatically adds the default extension .accdb.
  To change the location of the file from the default, click on Browse (Sir ) icon for changing the location.
• Step 4 Click Create button.
  Access creates the database with an empty table named Table 1, which will open in Datasheet View.
  The cursor is placed in the first empty cell in the Add New Field column as shown in following figure:
  

Question 2. Explain field length with its types.
Answer: It refers to the maximum number of characters that a field can contain. Each character requires one byte for its storage.
Field length is of two types which are as follows:

1. Fixed length field It is a type of field length in which the number of characters you enter in a field is fixed. These are present in Format option in Data Type Formatting group (in Datasheet tab) such as Currency, Euro, Percent etc.
2. Variable length field In this type of field length, the number of characters is not fixed. Actually, the number of characters of the data entered in the field decide the field length.
   The field length or field size of each data type are as follows:
   

Question 3. What are Datasheet View and Design View?
Answer: In MS-Access 2007, two types of views are available to create a table as follows:

1. Datasheet View It provides a visual way to create a table. It is a simple view which arranges the data in rows and columns and allows to edit the data, but not allows to change the format of the database, other than minor changes (such as insert or delete columns).
2. Design View It allows you to create or change the table. You can set or change every available properties for each field and can open existing tables in Design View, add, remove or change fields.

Question 4. Write down the steps to insert a new row into the table. CBSE 2003
or
How can you add a record in the table in Datasheet View?
Answer: Insert a Record
Steps to insert a record in a Datasheet View are as follows:

• Step 1 When you create a table, a new blank record automatically appears in the second row of the table
  or
  If you enter data in the last record, a new blank record will automatically appear at the end of the table.
• Step 2 Type data into the fields.
• Step 3 When you have finished adding records in the datasheet, save it and close it.

Question 5. How can you delete an Access table from a database?
Answer: Steps to delete a table are as follows:

• Step 1 Find a table in the All Access Objects list.
• Step 2 Right click on a table and select Delete.
• Step 3 Now, MS-Access will display the prompt message to confirm that you want to delete the table or not.
• Step 4 Click on Yes button to delete a table with its contents.

Question 6. When Memo data type is preferred over Text type for a field? CBSE 2008
Answer: When the length of the field is more than 255 characters. Text data type is not capable to store the project description because its length can not be more than 255 characters so, Memo data type is preferred over Text data type.

Question 7. Distinguish between Text and Memo data types. CBSE 2006
or
How are field types Text and Memo different from each other? Explain with the help of an example. CBSE 2007
Answer: Distinguishing between Text and Memo are as follows:

Question 8. When is AutoNumber data type preferred over Number data type? CBSE 2008
Answer: When you want to increment the number automatically as you add or delete the records. AutoNumber data type is preferred. Also, if the table does not have a primary key, then AutoNumber uniquely identifies the record.

Question 9. A text field is initially 40 characters long and one record has an entry in this field in MS-Access database. The field value contains 28 characters, including spaces. Now, you have reduced the length of the field to 20 characters. What will happen to the field value?
Answer: Since, the new field length is 20 characters long. So, this field will contain only left 20 characters including spaces and the remaining data will be discarded. Thus, the data from the right side of the field will be lost.

Question 10. Write one example of data field for which you would set the Required property to Yes? CBSE 2008
Answer: In a table, when we declare a field as a primary key, then the field’s Required property must be set to Yes because in a primary key field, we need to enter data always.

Question 11. What is the purpose of Default Value field property? CBSE 2007, 05
Answer: If there is a situation when you want to enter same value for all records. Then, to avoid typing the same thing many times, you can set as a Default Value property.

Question 12. What do you mean by the Entry Required field information?
Answer: Entry Required field decides whether entering data in the field is necessary or not. So, if Entry Required is set to Yes, then that field must have some value in it. By default, Entry Required is set to Yes.

Question 13. What is a primary key? How do we set a primary key? CBSE 2007, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02
or
Define primary key. How do you set it in MS-Access? CBSE 2006
Answer: Primary key is the key which is used to uniquely identify the records into the table. To set the primary key you have to follow steps given below:
Step 1 Select the field that you want to set as a primary key.
Step 2 Click Primary Key button from the Design tab.
or
Right click on the selected field and select Primary Key.

Question 14. Give any one difference between freezing a field and hiding a field. CBSE 2003, 02
Answer: When you freeze a field, then no matter how far you scroll down in a datasheet, you will always see the frozen field. But, when you hide a field, then it means that field is not displayed on the screen.

Long Answer Type Questions  [5 Marks each]

Question 1. What is database template? Give the description of five templates, used in Microsoft Access 2007.
Answer: Template is a complete tracking application with predefined tables, forms, reports, queries, macros and relationships. Each template creates a complete end-to-end solution that you can use either with no modification or customise to suit your business needs.

MS-Access 2007 includes a collection of database templates, which are as follows:

1. Assets It is used to create an assets database to keep track of assets, including asset details and owners.
2. Contacts It is used to create a contacts database to manage information about people such as customers, partners etc.
3. Issues It is used to create an issues database to manage a set of issues or problems. You can assign priority and follow the progress of issues from start to finish.
4. Events It is used to create an events database for tracking, upcoming meetings, deadlines and other important events.
5. Marketing projects It is used to create a marketing projects database to track time-sensitive deliverable and vendor status for projects.
6. Projects It is used to create a projects tracking database to track multiple projects and assign tasks to different people.

Question 2. Explain MS-Access Ribbon.
Answer: The Ribbon contains a series of command tabs. In MS-Access 2007, the main command tabs are as follows:

• Home
• Create
• External Data
• Database Tools
• Datasheet

Question 3. Write one example of each field, for which you would use CBSE 2007, 06, 05

1. Text data type
2. Memo data type

Answer:

1. Text data type It allows to store text or combination of text and numbers as well as numbers that don’t require calculations such as phone number. This data type allows maximum 255 characters to store.
   e.g. if Employee is a table and Emp_No, Name and Description are fields, then name will be a Text field. Because, name is a character entry field.
2. Memo data type It allows long blocks of text that uses text formatting, e.g. in the Employee table, the field Description will be of Memo data type, because the length of description of employee may be large.

Question 4. Distinguish between Number and AutoNumber data type field. Give example of each. CBSE 2007, 05
Answer: Distinguishing between Number and AutoNumber data

Question 5. Which field properties are used in Office Access 2007? Give the purpose of each field property.
Answer: Field Properties
After you create a field and set its data types, you can also set additional field properties. Setting field properties can give the database extra flexibility and functionality.
Some important properties of field are as follows:

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1. Pronita is a programmer in an institution and is asked to handle the records containing personal information of the teachers teaching in the institution.
Use the information to give the answer of the following questions (1) to (3).

1. Suggest five held names, which you think must be present in the table Teacherlnfo and why?
2. Give the data type of the suggested fields.
3. Which held is most likely to be the key field and why?

Answer: Suggested five fields are as follows:

1. TCode —> To store the code of the teachers.
   TName —> To store the name of the teachers.
   TSubject —> To store the name of subjects for which the teacher is placed in the institution.
   Address —> To store the address of the teachers.
   Salary —> To store the monthly income of the teachers.
2. TCode —> Text
   TName —> Text
   TSubject —> Text
   Address —> Text
   Salary —> Number
3. TCode is most likely to be the key field because it has a unique value for each of the records.

Question 2. The following table named SummerCamp shows part of the information kept on children attending the summer camp in Shimla.

Answer the following questions:

1. State the number of fields in’the above table.
2. State the number of records in the above table.
3. Give one reason why SummerCamp would add a record.
4. Give one reason why SummerCamp would edit a record.
5. Give one reason why SummerCamp would delete a record.
6. Give any two data types used in the table.

Answer:

1. Number of fields-6
2. Number of records-7
3. If a new child joins the SummerCamp, then SummerCamp would add a record in the table.
4. If a child is shifted from one group to another, then SummerCamp would edit a record in the table.
5. If any child leaves the SummerCamp, then SummerCamp would delete a record of that child from the table.
6. Text and Date/Time.

Question 3. Consider the following database:

Answer the following questions:

1. Write the name of the field that contains numeric data.
2. Identify the primary key field in the database.
3. Identify the field type of the DateofSale field.
4. Identify the names of the fields that contain textual data.
5. The given table contains how many fields and records?
6. Which property should you use, if you want to make sure that the QtySold entered is less than 10?

Answer:

1. Qty Sold and Amount fields
2. ProductCode field
3. Date/Time data type
4. ProductCode, ProductName and CustomerName fields
5. 6 fields and 5 records
6. Validation Rule

Question 4. Look at the given table called ‘Item’ and answer the questions. CCE 2011

1. Suggest the data types of all the fields.
2. Which two fields can act as the primary key from the above table?

Answer:

1. ItemID —> Text
   ItemName —> Text
   ItemStock —> Number
   ItemDOP —> Date
   QuantityPurchased —> Number
2. ItemID and ItemName can act as primary key.

Question 5. Damini is a programmer in an institute and is asked to handle the records containing information of students. Suggest any 5 fields name and their data type of students database. CBSE 2013
Answer:

Question 6. Answer the following questions based on the database given below: CBSE 2013

1. Identify the primary key and justify your answer.
2. Suggest suitable data type for Unit_Cost and justify your answer.
3. If the database is sorted in ascending order of UnitCost. What is the product name of last record?
4. How will you ensure that Supplier_No must not be empty?
5. To add the details of new product, what should the user add: record or field? Write the steps for the same.
6. How will you ensure that ‘1’ must appear in Supplier_No, if no value is entered?
7. How many records and fields are there in the above table?
8. It is needed to add photograph of the product in the database. Which is suitable data type for the same?

Answer:

1. The primary key of the given table Product will be Prod _Id because no two products have same Product_Id. So, it will be uniquely identify for each record into the table.
2. The suitable data type for the field Unit_Cost is Number because this field in the table contains value in numbers only.
3. Crayons
4. By setting the Required property to Yes.
5. To add the details of new product the user should add a record. The steps are as follows:
   • Step 1 Open the database.
   • Step 2 Open the table in which you want to add a record in a Datasheet View.
   • Step 3 If you open the table, a new blank record will automatically appear at the end of the table.
   • Step 4 Type the data into the fields.
   • Step 5 Save the table.
6. By setting the property Default Value which is to be set as 1.
7. Records = 8, Fields = 8
8. The data type OLE Object is suitable for adding the photograph of the product into the table.

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark each]

Q1. Microsoft Access is an example of
(a) Computer
(b) DBMS
(c) CPU
(d) Device
Answer: (b) MS-Access is the DataBase Management System (DBMS) found in the Microsoft Office suite.

Q2. Which of the following is not a part of a table structure in MS-Access?
(a) Field Name
(b) Field Type
(c) Primary Key
(d) Number of Records
Answer: (d) From the given options Field Name, Field Type Primary Key are the part of a table.

Q3. In a MS-Access database, which component is not present?
(a) Formula Bar
(b) Tables
(c) Queries
(d) Forms
Answer: (a) MS-Access contains various components, i.e. Tables, Queries, Forms, Reports, Macros and Modules.

Q4. Which of the following is not a data type?
(a) Picture/Graphic
(b) Date/Time
(c) Text
(d) Number
Answer: (a) From the given options Date/Time, Text and Number are the data types.

Q5. What data type should you choose for a zipcode field in a table? CBSE 2011
(a) Text (b) Number (c) Memo (d) All of these
Answer: (b) Number data type should be chosen for a zipcode field in a table.

Q6. For what, Memo data type is used?
(a) To add table
(b) To store objects created in other programs
(c) For long text entries
(d) For short text entries
Answer: (c) As we know, Memo provides character upto 65536 so, it is used for long text entries.

Q7. The default data type for a field is
(a) Number
(b) AutoNumber
(c) Currency
(d) Text
Answer: (d) The default data type for a field is Text.

Q8. Single and double are the types of
(a) Integer data type
(b) Decimal numbers
(c) Text data
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Integer data type provides single and double data types.

Q9. You create a table in MS-Access. You decided to create two fields RollNo and DateofBirth, what will be the data type for DateofBirth column?
(a) Number
(b) Text
(c) Yes/No
(d) Date/Time
Answer: (d) Date/Time will be the data type because it allows to store date and time format.

Q10. Which data type helps you to handle input that is in boolean format?
(a) OLE Object
(b) Attachment
(c) Yes/No
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Yes/No will allow boolean value.

Q11. Which property is used to add a label to the field to assist the user?
(a) Default value
(b) Caption
(c) Format
(d) Indexed
Answer: (b) Caption is used to add a label to the field for assisting to the user.

Q12. Which field property helps in setting data validation in a table?
(a) Caption
(b) Default Value
(c) Decimal Places
(d) Validation Rule
Answer: (d) Validation Rule property specifies a condition that must be met before the data is accepted into the database.

Q13. What is the purpose of the description column in table Design View? CBSE 2011
(a) To describe the data that should be entered in each field
(b) To define the data type applied to each field within the table
(c) To enter lookup data, the field should be refer to the table
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) A Design View of table provides three columns as Field Name, Data Type and Description. The description column provides the facility to write description about Field Name.

Q14. An integer takes a storage size of
(a) 2 bytes
(b) 1 byte
(c) 4 bytes
(d) 8 bytes
Answer: (a) An integer takes a storage size of 2 bytes.

Q15. When you define a field for a table, which of the following parameters do Access always consider optional? CBSE 2013
(a) Field Name
(b) Data Type
(c) Field Size
(d) Description
Answer: (d) Description field of table is optional, as it depends on database designer that he/she wants to describe field or not.

Q16. A command tab which allows to create the table in an interactive manner is called
(a) Home
(b) Table
(c) Form
(d) Create
Answer: (d) MS-Access provides a command tab named Create which allows to create the table in an interactive manner.

Fill in the Blanks [1 Mark each]

Q1. Microsoft Office Access 2007 includes a set of database ………… which are designed for specific business needs.
Answer: templates

Q2. In a table, columns are called ………. and rows are called ………… .
Answer: fields, records

Q3. The different objects supported by MS-Access are tables, queries, ………… and reports.
Answer: forms

Q4. The ………….. field property makes data entry compulsory, so that the field cannot be left blank.
Answer: Required

Q5. To store object like image, you need to create a field in a table, having field type as …………. .
Answer: OLE Object

Q6. …………. is a field which is used as a primary key and numbers each record sequentially. CBSE 2001
Answer: AutoNumber

Q7. For storing lengthy information in a field ………….. data type is used.
Answer: Memo

Q8. In a Text type data field, we can enter a maximum of ………….. characters. CBSE 2011
Answer: 255

True or False [1 Mark each]

Q1. When you open a database, the Ribbon appears on the left side of the MS-Access 2007 window.
Answer: False Because ribbon appears on the top of the window.

Q2. A Text data type cannot allow number entry.
Answer: False As, it can include both text as well as numbers.

Q3. Memo data type allows you to store character type values in a table. CBSE 2011
Answer: True Memo data type allows upto 65536 characters.

Q4. Memo data type allows you to store only 255 characters in the table.
Answer: False Memo data type is used when character size is more than 255.

Q5. The Datasheet View displays the data in a table in tabular format. CBSE 2011
Answer: True A datasheet is a simple view of data arranged in rows and columns.

Q6. Design View allows users to enter data in the table.
Answer: False Because Design View is used to edit the table design only.

Q7. A query is used to retrieve data from the database based on one or more criteria. This database object is not supported by MS-Access 2007.
Answer: False Because MS-Access 2007 supports the database object query.

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