Important Questions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Important Questions

Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Important Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength 10^-2 m and mention its one application. (Delhi 2008)
Answer:
Name of the part: Microwave
Applications :

1. It is used in radar communication.
2. It is used in microwave ovens.
3. It is also used in analysis of fine details of molecular and atomic structure.

Question 2.
Write the following radiations in ascending order in respect of their frequencies ;
X-rays, Microwaves, UV rays and radiowaves. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
Radiowaves, microwaves, UV-rays and X-rays.

Question 3.
Name the electromagnetic radiation to which waves of wavelength in the range of 10^-2 m belong. Give one use of this part of EM spectrum. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
Name : Microwave, Range 0.1 to 1 mm
Uses : Microwaves are used in aircraft navigation.

Question 4.
Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum which is suitable for

1. radar systems used in aircraft navigation
2. treatment of cancer tumours. (Delhi 2009)

Answer:

1. Micro-waves
2. Gamma-rays.

Question 5.
Name the EM waves used for studying crystal structure of solids. What is its frequency range? (All India 2009)
Answer:
X-rays frequency range : 10¹⁷ Hz to 10²⁰ Hz

Question 6.
Which part of electromagnetic spectrum has largest penetrating power? (Delhi 2010)
Answer:
γ-rays are the electromagnetic waves of frequency range 3 × 10¹⁸ Hz to 5 × 10²² Hz and have the highest penetrating power.

Question 7.
Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer? (Delhi 2010)
Answer:
Ultraviolet rays are absorbed from sunlight by ozone layers.

Question 8.
Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is used in radar systems? (Delhi 2010)
Answer:
Microwave region of electromagnetic spectrum is used in radar systems.

Question 9.
Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum whose wavelength lies in the range of 10^-10 m. Give its one use. (All India 2010)
Answer:
Name : X-rays
Use : In medical diagnosis to look for broken bones; treatment study of crystal structure.

Question 10.
Which of the following has the shortest wavelength :
Microwaves, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays. (All India 2010)
Answer:
X-rays have the shortest wavelength.

Question 11.
Arrange the following in descending order of wavelength :
X-rays, Radio waves, Blue light, Infrared light. (All India 2010)
Answer:
Decreasing order ➝ Radio waves, Infrared light, Blue light, X-rays.

Question 12.
A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along z-direction. What can you say about the direction of electric and magnetic field vectors? (Delhi 2011)
Answer:
The direction of electric field vector is along X-axis. Magnetic field vector is along Y-axis.

Question 13.
A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along x-direction. What can you say about the direction of electric and magnetic field vectors? (Delhi 2011)
Answer:
The electric field and magnetic field vectors are in YZ-plane in the Y-direction and Z-direction respectively.

Question 14.
A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along y-direction. What can you say about the direction of electric and magnetic field vectors? (Delhi 2011)
Answer:
The electric field and magnetic field vector are in ZX-plane in the X-direction and Z-direction respectively.

Question 15.
How are radio waves produced? (All India 2011)
Answer:
Radio waves are produced by the accelerated motion of charges in conducting wires.

Question 16.
How are X-rays produced? (All India 2011)
Answer:
X-rays are produced by sudden deceleration or acceleration of electrons in an X-ray tube.

Question 17.
How are microwaves produced? (All India 2011)
Answer:
Microwaves are produced by Klystron valve or magnetron valve.

Question 18.
Name the physical quantity which remains same for microwaves of wavelength 1 mm and UV radiations of 1600 Å in vacuum. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
Speed/Velocity of light remains the same.

Question 19.
What are the directions of electric and magnetic field vectors relative to each other and relative to the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves? (All India 2012)
Answer:
The oscillations of Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. and Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. fields are perpendicular to each other as well as to the direction of propagation of the wave.

Question 20.
The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a material medium is given by Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. the permeability of the medium and ε its permittivity. How does its frequency change? (All India 2012)
Answer:
Frequency remains unchanged.

Question 21.
A capacitor has been charged by a dc source. What are the magnitudes of conduction and displacement currents, when it is fully charged? (Delhi 2013)
Answer:
On full charging, the source will maintain the potential across the plates. The magnitudes of displacement current and conduction current will be zero.

Question 22.
Welders wear special goggles or face masks with glass windows to protect their eyes from electromagnetic radiations. Name the radiations and write the range of their frequency. (All India 2013)
Answer:
The name of radiations is ultraviolet radiation. Its frequency range is 10¹⁵ to 10¹⁷ Hz.

Question 23.
To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does a wave of frequency 5 × 10¹⁹ Hz belong? (All India 2013)
Answer:
A wave of frequency 5 × 10¹⁹ Hz belongs to γ-rays region of electromagnetic spectrum.

Question 24.
To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does a wave of frequency 3 × 10¹³ Hz belong? (All India 2014)
Answer:
Infra-red region of electromagnetic spectrum.

Question 25.
Why are microwaves considered suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation? (Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Due to their short wavelengths, microwaves are considered suitable for radar systems in aircraft navigation.

Question 26.
How is the speed of em-waves in vacuum determined by the electric and magnetic fields? (Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Speed of em-waves in vacuum is determined by the ratio of the peak values of electric and magnetic field vectors.
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 27.
Do electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum? (All India 2017)
Answer:
Yes, they do, because of change of magnetic flux associated with circular loop.

Question 28.
Write the relation for the speed for electromagnetic waves in terms of the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields. (All India 2017)
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 29.
In which directions do the electric and magnetic field vectors oscillate in an electromagnetic wave propagating along the x-axis? (All India 2017)
Answer:
Electric field (Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) oscillates along y-axis and magnetic field ( Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. ) oscillates along z-axis;in an electromagnetic wave propagating along the x-axis.

Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Important Questions Short Answer Type SA-I

Question 30.
The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
By = (8 × 10^-6) sin [2 × 10^-11 t + 300 π x] T
(i) Calculate the wavelength of the electo-magnetic wave.
(ii) Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field. (Delhi 2008)
Answer:
Given: B_y = 8 × 10^-6 sin [2 × 10¹¹ t + 300 π x] T
(i) Standard equation is,
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

The oscillations of Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. and Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. fields are perpendicular to each other as well as to the direction of propagation of the wave. So we take electric field in z-direction because oscillating magnetic field is in y-di recti on and propagation of the wave is in x-direction.

Question 31.
The oscillating electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by :
E = 30 sin [2 × 10¹¹ t + 300 π x] Vm^-1
(a) Obtain the value of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
(b) Write down the expression for the oscillating magnetic field. (Delhi 2008)
Answer:
(a) We compare the given expression with
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 32.
How does a charge q oscillating at certain frequency produce electromagnetic waves? Sketch a schematic diagram depicting electric and magnetic fields for an electromagnetic wave propagating along the Z-direction. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
As the charge q moves accelerating, the electric field and magnetic field produced will change the space and time E and B varying with time produced the other field B and E respectively and sustain the E.M. pattern.

This is from the interpretation of Maxwell supported by
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 33.
Arrange the following electromagnetic radiations in ascending order of their frequencies:
(i) Microwave
(ii) Radiowave
(iii) X-rays
(iv) Gamma rays
Write two uses of any one of these. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
In ascending order of their frequencies :
Radiowave < Microwave < X-rays < Gamma rays.
Two uses of microwaves are :
1. In microwave ovens.
2. In aircraft navigation.

Question 34.
Draw a sketch of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-direction. Depict clearly the directions of electric and magnetic fields varying sinusoidally with z. (All India 2009)
Answer:
Sketch of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-direction with oscillating electric field E along the x-direction and the oscillating magnetic field B along the y-direction.

Question 35.
How are infrared waves produced? Why are these referred to as ‘heat waves’? Write their one important use. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
Infrared rays are produced by hot bodies and molecules. This may involve vibration and bending of molecules. Infrared band lies adjacent to low-frequency or long-wavelength end of the visible spectrum. Infrared waves are sometimes referred to as heat waves.

Use: Infrared rays are used to take photographs in darkness. These are also used to study secret writing. They are also used in physical therapy.

Question 36.
A parallel plate capacitor is being charged by a time varying current. Explain briefly how Ampere’s circuital law is generalized to incorporate the effect due to the displacement current. (All India 2011)
Answer:
Maxwell’s displacement current : According to Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic field B is related to steady current I as
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Maxwell showed that this relation is logically in-consistent. He accounted this inconsistency as follows :
Ampere’s circuital law for loop C₁ gives
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
which is logically inconsistent. So, Maxwell gave idea of displacement current.

Thus displacement current is that current which comes into play in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux is changing with time.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
It is now called Ampere-Maxwell law. This is the generalization of Ampere’s circuital law.

Question 37.
When an ideal capacitor is charged by a dc battery, no current flows. However, when an ac source is used, the current flows continuously. How does one explain this, based on the concept of displacement current? (Delhi 2012)
Answer:
A dc battery connected to an ideal capacitor ‘ provides only a momentarily charge, whereas an ac battery allows a continuous flow of current
Image may be NSFW.
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As charge on capacitor plates changes, electric field associated with that also changes and hence giving rise to a displacement current according to
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 38.
A capacitor of capacitance ‘C is being charged by connecting it across a dc source along with an ammeter. Will the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the process of charging? If so, how would you explain this momentary deflection and the resulting continuity of current in the circuit? Write the expression for the current inside the capacitor. (All India 2012)
Answer:
Ammeter will definitely show a momentary deflection, which is due to the flow of electron produced in the charging process. As the capacitor plates get charging, the displacement current start flowing in the gap and thus shows a continuity of current.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 39.
(a) An em wave is travelling in a medium with a velocity Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.. Draw a sketch showing the propagation of the em wave, indicating the direction of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
(b) How are the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields related to the velocity of the em wave?
Answer:
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 40.
A capacitor, made of two parallel plates each of plate area A and separation d, is being charged by an external ac source. Show that the displacement current inside the capacitor is the same as the current charging the capacitor. (All India 2012)
Answer:
The displacement current arises due to varying electric field
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

If q be instantaneous charge, then E is electric field between the plates of capacitor at that time and A is area of plate; then
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 41.
(a) How are electromagnetic waves produced?
(b) How do you convince yourself that electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum? (Comptt. Delhi 2012)
Answer:
(a) Electromagnetic Waves : Accelerating electric charge produces electromagnetic waves.

(b) Einstein’s explanation of photoelectric effect led de Broglie to the wave-particle duality, i.e., matter exhibits wave as well as particle properties. Electromagnetic waves are characterised by wave properties, such as periodicity in space-time, wavelength, amplitude, frequency, wave velocity etc. It transports energy but no matter.

The term wave-particle duality refers to the behaviour where both wave-like and particle-like properties are exhibited under different conditions by the same entity. Hence electromagnetic waves show particle properties such as definite position, size, mass, velocity, momentum, energy etc.
For a photon of momentum (p), an associated wavelength is given by Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view..

Question 42.
(a) Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in the descending order of their wavelengths :

1. Microwaves
2. Infra-red rays
3. Ultra-violet radiation
4. Gamma rays

(b) Write one use each of any two of them. (Comptt. Delhi 2013)
Answer:
(a) Arrangement:

1. Microwaves
2. Infra-red rays
3. Ultra-violet radiation
4. Gamma rays

(b) Uses :

1. Microwaves are used in radar system.
2. Infra-red rays are used for protecting dehydrated fruits.
3. Ultra-violet rays are used in the study of molecular structure.
4. Gamma rays are used to kill micro-organisms in food industry.

Question 43.
Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor being charged, show how one is required to generalize Ampere’s circuital law to include the term due to displacement current. (All India 2014)
Answer:

Maxwell’s displacement current : According to Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic field B is related to steady current I as
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Maxwell showed that this relation is logically in-consistent. He accounted this inconsistency as follows :
Ampere’s circuital law for loop C₁ gives
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
which is logically inconsistent. So, Maxwell gave idea of displacement current.

Thus displacement current is that current which comes into play in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux is changing with time.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
It is now called Ampere-Maxwell law. This is the generalization of Ampere’s circuital law.

Question 44.
A capacitor is connected in series to an ammeter across a d.c. source. Why does the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the charging of the capacitor? What would be the deflection when it is fully charged? (Comptt. All India 2014)
Answer:
The momentary deflection is due to the transient current flowing through the circuit when the capacitor is getting charged.
The deflection would be zero when the capacitor gets fully charged.

Question 45.
Name the types of e.m. radiations which

1. are used in destroying cancer cells,
2. cause tanning of the skin and
3. maintain the earth’s warmth.

Write briefly a method of producing any one of these waves. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

1. γ-rays
2. Ultraviolet rays
3. Infrared rays

Mode of production

1. γ-rays are produced by radioactive decay of nucleus.
2. Ultraviolet rays are produced when inner shell electrons in atoms move from one energy level to an other energy level.
3. Infrared rays are produced due to vibration of atoms and molecules.

Question 46.
For a plane electromagnetic wave, propagating along the Z-axis, write the two (possible) pairs of expression for its oscillating electric and magnetic fields. How are the peak values of these (oscillating) fields related to each other? (Comptt. All India 2016)
Answer:
For the e.m. wave, propagating along the z-axis, we have
Image may be NSFW.
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The two possible forms for electric and magnetic fields are :
Image may be NSFW.
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The peak values of these two fields are related by
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 47.
An e.m. wave, Y₁, has a wavelength of 1 cm while another e.m. wave, Y₂, has a frequency of 10¹⁵ Hz. Name these two types of waves and write one useful application for each. (Comptt. All India 2014)
Answer:
(i) Y₁ ➝ Microwaves
Applications : Microwaves are used in Microwave ovens, Aircraft Navigators etc.

(ii) Y₂ ➝ Ultraviolet waves
Applications : Ultraviolet rays are used in sterilizing surgical instruments, food preservation etc.

Question 48.
How does Ampere-Maxwell law explain the flow of current through a capacitor when it is being charged by a battery? Write the expression for the displacement current in terms of the rate of change of electric flux. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:
During charging, the electric flux between the plates of a capacitor keeps on changing; this results in the production of a displacement current between the plates.

Question 49.
Identify the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths vary as
(a) 10^-12 < λ < 10^-8 m
(b) 10^-3 m < X < 10^-1 m
Write one use for each. (All India 2017)
Answer:
(a) X-rays—Used in medical science for the purpose of detection of fractures, stones in gall bladder, stones in kidney etc.

(b) Microwaves—Used in radar systems for aircraft navigation.

Question 50.
Identify the electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths lie in the range
(a) 10^-11 m < λ < 10^-8 m
(b) 10^-4 m < λ < 10^-6 m Write one use of each. (All India 2017)
Answer:
(a) Uses of X-Rays and Gamma rays :
X-rays are used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and as a treatment for certain forms of cancer. Gamma rays are used in medicine to destroy cancer cells.

(b) Uses of Infrared, visible and microwaves :

• Infrared waves are widely used in remote switches of household electronic systems such as remotes for TVs, video recorders etc.
• Visible rays provide us information about the world.
• Microwaves are used in the radar systems in aircraft navigation.

Question 51.
How is electromagnetic wave produced? Draw a sketch of a plane e.m. wave propagating along X-axis depicting the directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields. (Comptt. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Electromagnetic waves are produced due to oscillating/accelerating charged particles.
Sketch of e.m. wave : Refer to Q. 39 (a), Page 171

Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Important Questions Short Answer Type SA-II

Question 52.
Identify the following electromagnetic radiations as per the wavelengths given below. Write one application of each. (All India 2008)
(a) 10^-3 nm
(b) 10^-3 m
(c) 1 nm
Answer:
(a) 10^-3 nm : γ-rays
Application :

1. γ-rays are used in the treatment of cancer and tumour.
2. γ-rays are used in radiation therapy. (any one)

(b) 10^-3m : Microwave
Application : Microwaves are used in Radar systems for aircraft navigation.

(c) 1 nm : X-rays Application :

1. Infra-red waves are used for taking photographs during the conditions of fog, smoke etc.
2. These are also used as a diagonostic tool for the detection of fractures, (any one)

Question 53.
Identify the following electromagnetic radiations as per the wavelengths given below. Write one application of each.
(a) 1 mm
(b) 10^-12 m
(c) 10^-8 m (All India 2008)
Answer:
(a) 1 mm : Microwaves
Application : In aircraft navigation for the radar system. Also used in microwave ovens.

(b) 10^-12 m : Gamma rays
Application : Gamma rays are used as medicine to destroy cancer cells

(c) 10^-8 m : Ultraviolet rays
Application : Ultraviolet rays are used in LASIK eye surgery.

Question 54.
(a) How does an oscillating charge produce electromagnetic wave? Explain.
(b) Draw a sketch showing the propagation of a plane em wave along the Z-direction, clearly depicting the directions of oscillating electric and magnetic field vectors. (Comptt. Delhi 2012)
Answer:
(a) Consider a charge oscillating with same frequency. This produces an oscillating electric field in space, which produces an oscillating magnetic field which in turn is a source of oscillating electric field and so on. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields thus regenerate each other, as the waves propagate through the space. The frequency of the electromagnetic wave naturally equals the frequency of the oscillation of the charge.

(b)
Sketch of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-direction with oscillating electric field E along the x-direction and the oscillating magnetic field B along the y-direction.

Question 55.
When an ac source is connected across a capacitor, current starts flowing through the circuit. Show how Ampere’s circuital law is generalized to explain the flow of current through the capacitor. Hence obtain the expression for the displacement current inside the capacitor. (Comptt. All India 2012)
Answer:
When an ‘ac’ source is connected across a capacitor, the charge on the capacitor also becomes time dependent. It gives rise to a time dependent electric field between the plates of capacitor. As a result the electric flux changes.

It was suggested that we need to regard this changing electric flux, between the plates of capacitor, as equivalent to a current which is called the displacement current.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
which is generalised form of an Ampere’s circuital law. .

Question 56.
(a) When the oscillating electric and magnetic fields are along the x- and indirection respectively

1. point out the direction of propagation . of electromagnetic wave.
2. express the velocity of propagation in terms of the amplitudes of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

(b) How do you show that the em wave carries energy and momentum?(Comptt. All India)
Answer:
(a)

1. Along z-direction.
2. Velocity of propogation will be, Image may be NSFW.
   Clik here to view.

(b) Photoelectric effect shows the particle nature of electromagnetic waves. As such the photons carry energy and momentum. The energy is given by
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 57.
Answer the following :
(a) Name the em waves which are suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation. Write the range of frequency of these waves.
(b) If the. earth did not have atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now? Explain.
(c) An em wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident. Justify. (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
(a) Microwaves are used in radar systems. Its frequency range : 10¹⁰ to 10¹² Hz

(b) In the absence of earth’s atmosphere, there would have no ozone layer to prevent ultraviolet radiations reaching the earth, the temperature on earth’s surface would have been lower due to green house effect, making it difficult for human survival.

(c) Since em wave carries both energy and momentum, hence exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident.

An em wave exerts negligibly very small pressure on the surface on which it is incident.

It is due to the fact that momentum of the photon is extremely small, which can be
calculated by de-Broglie relation Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 58.
Answer the following :
(a) Name the em waves which are used for the treatment of certain forms of cancer. Write their frequency range.
(b) Thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
(c) Why is the amount of the momentum transferred by the em waves incident on the surfrace so small? (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
(a) Gamma (γ) rays are used for the treatment of certain forms of cancer. Their frequency range is 10¹⁸ Hz to 10²² Hz.

(b) The thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the Sun towards the Earth. They include UVA, UVB and UVC radiations, which can destroy the life system on the Earth.
Hence, this layer is crucial for human survival.

(c) Thus, the amount of the momentum transferred by the em waves incident on the surface is very small, because of small value of planks constant. For example, an electromagnetic wave of wavelength 1.00 nm will provide momentum (p) according to de-Broglie’s relation,
Image may be NSFW.
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It is extremely small value of the momentum.

Question 59.
Answer the following questions :
(a) Name the em waves which are produced during radioactive decay of a nucleus. Write their frequency range.
(b) Welders wear special glass goggles while working. Why? Explain.
(c) Why are infrared waves often called as heat waves? Give their one application. (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
(a) γ-rays; Frequency range : 10¹⁸ Hz to 10²² Hz

(b) Because to protect eyes from intense ultra-violet radiations produced during welding; and also to protect from glare and flying sparks.

(c) Because infrared waves are em waves of higher wavelength (less frequency) and are produced by highly vibrating molecules of hot bodies.
Applications :

1. used in the remote switches of household electronic systems.
2. used for protecting dehydrated fruits.
3. used in solar water heaters and cookers. (Any one)

Question 60.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Show, by giving a simple example, how em waves carry energy and momentum.
(i) How are microwaves produced? Why is it necessary in microwave ovens to select the frequency of microwaves to match the resonant frequency of water molecules?
(iii) Write two important uses of infrared waves. (Comptt. Delhi 2014)
Answer:
(i) Consider a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. An electric charge, on the plane, will be set in motion by the electric and magnetic fields of em wave, incident on this plane. This illustrates that em waves carry energy and momentum.

(ii) Microwaves are produced by special vacuum tubes like the Klystron/Magnetron/Gunn diode.
In microwave ovens, the frequency of microwaves is selected to match the resonant frequency of water molecules, so that energy is transferred efficiently to the kinetic energy of the molecules.

(iii) Important uses of infra-red waves :
1. These are associated with the green house effect.
2. These are used in remote switches of household electrical appliances.

Question 61.
(a) A capacitor is connected in series to an ammeter across a d.c. source. Why does the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the charging of the capacitor? What would be the deflection when it is fully charged?
(b) How is the generalized form of Ampere’s circuital law obtained to include the term due to displacement current? (Comptt. All India 2014)
Answer:
(a) The momentary deflection is due to the transient current flowing through the circuit when the capacitor is getting charged.
The deflection would be zero when the capacitor gets fully charged.

(b)
Maxwell’s displacement current : According to Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic field B is related to steady current I as
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Maxwell showed that this relation is logically in-consistent. He accounted this inconsistency as follows :
Ampere’s circuital law for loop C₁ gives
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
which is logically inconsistent. So, Maxwell gave idea of displacement current.

Thus displacement current is that current which comes into play in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux is changing with time.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
It is now called Ampere-Maxwell law. This is the generalization of Ampere’s circuital law

Question 62.
Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(b) used to treat muscular strain.
(c) used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Write in brief, how these waves can be produced. (Delhi 2014)
Answer:
(a) Microwaves
Production : Klystron/magnetron

(b) Infrared Radiations
Production ; Hot bodies/vibrations of atoms and molecules.

(c) X-Rays
Production : Bombarding high energy electrons on a metal target.

Question 63.
Write the expression for the generalized form of Ampere’s circuital law. Discuss its significance and describe briefly how the concept of displacement current is explained through charging/discharging of a capacitor in an electric circuit. (All India 2014)
Answer:
Maxwell’s displacement current : According to Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic field B is related to steady current I as
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Maxwell showed that this relation is logically inconsistent. He accounted this inconsistency as follows :
Ampere’s circuital law for loop C₁ gives
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
which is logically inconsistent. So, Maxwell gave idea of displacement current.
Thus displacement current is that current which comes into play in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux is changing with time.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
It is now called Ampere-Maxwell law. This is the generalization of Ampere’s Circuital law.

Question 64.
How are em waves produced by oscillating charges?
Draw a sketch of linearly polarized em waves propagating in the Z-direction. Indicate the directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:
em waves by oscillating charges.

(a) Consider a charge oscillating with same frequency. This produces an oscillating electric field in space, which produces an oscillating magnetic field which in turn is a source of oscillating electric field and so on. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields thus regenerate each other, as the waves propagate through the space. The frequency of the electromagnetic wave naturally equals the frequency of the oscillation of the charge.

(b)
Sketch of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-direction with oscillating electric field E along the x-direction and the oscillating magnetic field B along the y-direction.

Sketch of em waves.
Sketch of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-direction with oscillating electric field E along the x-direction and the oscillating magnetic field B along the y-direction.

Question 65.
Write Maxwell’s generalization of Ampere’s Circuital Law. Show that in the process of charging a capacitor, the current produced within the plates of the capacitor is
Image may be NSFW.
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where ϕ E is electric flux produced during charging of the capacitor plates. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:

Maxwell’s displacement current : According to Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic field B is related to steady current I as
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Maxwell showed that this relation is logically in-consistent. He accounted this inconsistency as follows :
Ampere’s circuital law for loop C₁ gives
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which is logically inconsistent. So, Maxwell gave idea of displacement current.

Thus displacement current is that current which comes into play in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux is changing with time.
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It is now called Ampere-Maxwell law. This is the generalization of Ampere’s circuital law.

Question 66.
(i) Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is :
(a) suitable for radar system used in aircraft navigation,
(b) produced by bombarding a metal target by high speed electrons.
(ii) Why does a galvanometer show a momentary deflection at the time of charging or discharging a capacitor? Write the necessary expression to explain this observation. (All India 2016)
Answer:
(i)
(a) Microwaves
(b) X-rays

(ii) The total current
(i) is the sum of conduction current
(i_c) and displacement current (i_d), so we have
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This means that outside the capacitor plates in connecting wires, we have only conduction current i_c = i and no displacement current (i_d = 0). On the other hand, inside the capacitor, there is no conduction current (i_c = 0) and there is only displacement current hence i = i_d.
It is why there is momentary deflection in the galvanometer at the time of charging or discharging a capacitor.

Question 67.
Name the e.m. waves in the wavelength range 10 nm to 10^-3 nm. How are these waves generated? Write their two uses. (Comptt. All India 2017)
Answer:

• e.m. waves in the wavelength range 10 nm to 10^-3 nm are X-rays.
• X-rays are generated by bombarding a metal target with high energy electrons.

• Uses :

1. Diagnosis of bone fractures.
2. Treatment of some forms of cancer.

Question 68.
Name the type of e.m. waves having a wavelength range of 0.1 m to 1 mm. How are these waves generated? Write their two uses. (Comptt. All India 2017)
Answer:

1. e.m. waves having a wavelength range 0.1 m to 1 mm are MICROWAVES.
2. Microwaves are generated by special vacuum tubes such as klystron, magnetron and gunn diodes.
3. Microwaves are used in :
   • Radar system in aircraft navigation
   • Ovens for heating and cooking.

Question 69.
Name the type of e.m. waves having a wavelength range 10^-7 m to 10^-9 m. How are these waves generated? Write their two uses. (Comptt. All India 2017)
Answer:

1. e.m. waves having a wavelength range 10^-7 m to 10^-9 m are ultra violet rays.
2. Sun is an important source of UV rays. Some special lamps and very hot bodies also produce UV rays.

• Uses :

• UV rays are used in lasik eye surgery.
• UV lamps are being used to kill germs in water purifiers.

Important Questions for Class 12 Physics

The post Important Questions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Important Questions appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NTSE Odisha 2019-20: State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) will conduct NTSE Odisha Stage 1 on 3rd November. The application form will be released on 1st August 2019. Students studying in class X can apply for NTSE Odisha till 5th September 2019. Candidates who want to appear for the NTSE Odisha can download their admit card on 20th October 2019. Only shortlisted candidates in the NTSE Odisha stage1 are invited to appear for the stage 2 exam to be conducted on May 2020. The final merit list will be prepared and published on the official website depends on the candidate’s entire performance.

NTSE is conducted every year to award scholarships to deserving candidates till the doctorate level of their studies. Candidates should read this article till the end to know more information about NTSE Odisha 2019-20. Information such as exam dates, application, admit card, eligibility and exam pattern, etc.

NTSE Odisha Exam Dates

NTSE Odisha Eligibility Criteria

The following are the eligibility criteria to appear for NTSE Odisha 2019-20.

• Candidates who are studying in class X in the academic year of 2019-20.
• Age limit for NTSE Odisha Stage 1 is less than 18 years as on 1st July 2019.
• Candidates belonging to the Reserved category must secure at least 55% marks in Class IX.
• Candidates belonging to the general category must secure at least 60% marks in class IX.
• Candidates from any recognized schools of Odisha are eligible.
• Candidates of open schooling or distance learning are also eligible.

NTSE Odisha Application Form

NTSE Odisha application form will be released online on 1st August 2019. The closing date of NTSE Odisha online application form is 5th September 2019. Candidates can check the below-mentioned steps to apply for the NTSE Odisha exam.

• Candidates should visit the official website scertodisha.nic.in.
• Click on the online application link to enter the necessary details.
• Download and take a print of your application form.
• All the necessary details should be filled properly. It should also be rechecked thoroughly to avoid rejection of the application.
• Submit the filled application form at the Principal’s office of the respective school.
• After that, it will be submitted to the state liaison’s officer for NTSE Odisha Stage 1.
• Reserved candidates should submit the Caste Certificate issued by the Tahsildar if required.
• Physically Challenged candidates should submit the Disability Certificate issued by the District Medical Board if required.
• Candidates of open schooling and distance learning are advised to submit their applications directly to the state liaison officer.
• Candidates should save their application number for downloading the admit card.

NTSE Odisha Application Fee

• Applicants no need to pay any application fee for NTSE Odisha Stage 1 exam.

NTSE Odisha Admit Card

Candidates can download their admit card from the official website of SCERT, Odisha on October 20, 2019. The following are the important points to download the admit card.

• Go to the NTSE Odisha official website scertodisha.nic.in.
• Click on the print hall ticket link.
• Candidate should fill the application number and date of birth and click enter.
• After that download and take a hard copy of the hall ticket.

The NTSE Odisha admit card contains candidate’s name, roll number, exam center details. Candidates must carry their admit card in the examination hall, otherwise, they will not be allowed to sit in the exam.

NTSE Odisha Question Paper Pattern

The NTSE Odisha stage 1 exam contains two parts i.e, Scholastic Ability Test (SAT) and Mental Ability Test (MAT). MAT and SAT contains 100 questions each. Overall 200 questions will be asked in the exam. The below-given table shows the details of exam pattern for NTSE Odisha.

• Each right answer carries 1 mark. There is no negative marking for erroneous answers.
• SAT questions will be asked from math, science, social science, physics, chemistry, biology, history, political science, economics, etc.
•  SAT contains a total of 100 questions with the time duration of 120 minutes.
• The questions will be asked in the exam is equivalent to the syllabus of class IX and X.
• MAT questions are based on logical reasoning, coding-decoding, series, analogies, hidden figures, problem-solving, and pattern perception.
• MAT contains a total of 100 questions with the time duration of 120 minutes.

NTSE Odisha Answer Key

The answer key for the NTSE Odisha will be released on the official website of SCERT by the exam conducting authority. The official answer key will be published after one month of the exam. The answer key contains the correct answers of each question asked in MAT and SAT. Candidates from Odisha can download the answer keys to estimate their scores and guess the chances of qualifying for NTSE Stage 2. The following points are given to check the NTSE Odisha Answer key:

1. Go to the official website of SCERT, Odisha.
2. Click on the answer key, download and save it.
3. The expected marks can be compared with the previous year’s cut-off.
4. The answer keys help the candidates to determine their performance in Stage 1 and chances of qualifying for NTSE stage 2.
5. Candidates should follow the right approach for marking. The answer key can be amended based on particular proof.
6. Finally, the amended answer key will be published on the official website.

NTSE Odisha Exam Result

NTSE Odisha exam result will be released by SCERT on the official website in the last week of January 2020. SCERT will announce the merit list of shortlisted candidates for NTSE stage 2 exam which will be held on May 10, 2020. The following are the steps to check the NTSE Odisha exam results:

• Go to the official website of SCERT, Odisha to check the exam result.
• Click on the result link which will be shown on the homepage of the portal.
• Fill the roll number and date of birth to download the result list.
• Keep the printed copies of the result list for future reference.

Details Mentioned on NTSE Odisha Exam Result

Candidates can check the NTSE Odisha exam result on the official website scertodisha.nic.in. The NTSE Odisha merit list contains the following information of the selected candidates.

• Candidates School Address, Name, and Roll number
• Candidates gender, caste, date of birth and disability status
• Candidates Rank and Total marks
• Candidates scores in MAT and SAT

NTSE Odisha Stage 1 Qualifying Scores

The minimum scores obtained by a candidate to qualify for the NTSE stage 2 exam is the qualifying scores. NTSE Odisha qualifying scores will be declared along with the result by SCERT in the last week of January 2020. The qualifying scores depends on various factors as given below:

• Maximum marks obtained in the exam
• Minimum marks obtained in the exam
• Number of candidates belongs to each category

The following table shows the cut-off marks for NTSE Odisha Stage 1 category candidates

The following table shows the selection process based on the qualifying percentage for NTSE Odisha category candidates

NTSE Odisha Stage 1 Reservation Criteria

Total 259 scholarships are reserved for Odisha state which will be awarded as per the reservation percentages are given below:

NTSE Odisha Stage 1 Syllabus

There is no particular syllabus for the NTSE Odisha Stage 1. So, candidates have to prepare from class IX and X syllabus with the aim of getting qualified in this exam. The below-given table shows some important topics for NTSE Odisha 2019-20.

NTSE Scholarship Amount 2019-20

Candidates who qualified in both the stages of NTSE with minimum cut-off marks will get the amount of the scholarships every month.

Hope this article will help you to get more information about NTSE Odisha 2019-20. Don’t forget to add your comment for any information/queries.

The post NTSE Odisha 2019-20 for Class X | Exam Dates, Application, Pattern and Answer Key appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 12 Sanskrit व्याकरणम् अन्विति-प्रकरण

अन्विति-प्रकरण
(कर्ता-क्रिया-अन्वितिः/विशेषण-विशेष्य-अन्वितिः)

(क) कर्ता-क्रिया-अन्वितिः
क्रिया में वही वचन, पुरुष होता है जो कर्त्ता में होता है।

(क) यदि कर्ता एकवचन में हो तो क्रिया भी एकवचन में होगी; यथा

1. देवः याति।
2. फलं पतति।
3. रमा हसति।
तीनों उदाहरणों में यद्यपि कर्ता का लिङ्ग भिन्न है किन्तु कर्ता एकवचन में है अतः क्रियापद भी एकवचन का है।
4. अहं लिखामि।
5. त्वं पठसि।
यहाँ कर्त्ता यद्यपि भिन्न पुरुषों में है किन्तु वचन की दृष्टि से वह एकवचन में है अतः क्रिया भी एकवचन की ही प्रयुक्त हुई है।

(ख) कर्ता यदि द्विवचन है तो क्रिया भी द्विवचन में होगी; जैसे

1. पितरौ वदतः।
2. दम्पती गच्छतः।
3. भवन्तौ आगच्छतः।
4. युवां नृत्यथः।
5. आवां कथयावः।

(ग) कर्ता यदि बहुवचन का है तो क्रियापद भी बहुवचन में होगा; जैसे –

1. रश्मयः जले पतन्ति।
2. सर्वे आकाशं पश्यन्ति।
3. मित्राणि उच्चैः हसन्ति।
4. यूयं फलानि खादथ।
5. वयं गर्जनां करिष्यामः।

यहाँ सारे कर्तृपद बहुवचन में हैं तथा सारे क्रियापद भी बहुवचन में हैं।

(घ) कर्त्ता में जो पुरुष होता है क्रियापद में भी वही पुरुष होता है; जैसे –

1. ताः रामायणं शृण्वन्ति।
2. आवां रामायणीं कथां कुर्वः।
3. यूयं देवान् पूजयत।

इनमें प्रथम वाक्य में कर्तृपद व क्रियापद में प्रथमपुरुष, द्वितीय वाक्य में कर्तृपद व क्रियापद में उत्तम पुरुष तथा अन्तिम वाक्य में कर्तृपद व क्रियापद में मध्यम पुरुष का प्रयोग हुआ है। कर्मवाच्य में इस बात का ध्यान रखा जाएगा कि क्रियापद कर्म के वचन और पुरुष के अनुसार हो। कर्मवाच्य में कर्म प्रथमा विभक्ति में होता है।

1. तेः सिंहाः दृष्टाः।
2. तैः नर्तकी दृष्टा।
3. तैः मित्रं दृष्टम्।

यहाँ सिंहाः, नर्तकी, मित्रम् के अनुसार क्रियापद में वचन का ध्यान रखा गया है। क्तान्त क्रियापदों में तथा क्तवतु-अन्त क्रियापदों में लिङ्ग में भी भिन्नता आ जाती है; यथा

1. ते पाठं पठितवत्यौ।
2. सख्यौ पाठं पठितवत्यौ।
3. मित्रे पाठं पठितवती।
4. ताभ्यां पाठः पठितः।
5. ताभ्यां फलानि खादितानि।
6. ताभ्यां देवी दृष्टा।

निर्देश –  छात्र कर्तृपद में लिङ्ग की पहचान करें तथा देखें कि क्रियापद में किस लिङ्ग का प्रयोग हुआ है। प्रथम तीन वाक्य क्तवतु प्रत्ययान्त क्रियापद के हैं तथा कर्तृ वाच्य हैं। अन्तिम तीन क्त प्रत्ययान्त क्रियापद के हैं और कर्मवाच्य हैं।

(ख) विशेषण-विशेष्य-अन्वितिः
वाक्य में सभी कारकों में संज्ञापदों के साथ विशेषणों का प्रयोग हो सकता है। हमें यह ध्यान रखना है कि जो विभक्ति विशेष्य पद में है वही विभक्ति विशेषण पद में होनी चाहिए। जो लिङ्ग तथा वचन विशेष्य पद का होगा वही लिङ्ग तथा वचन विशेषण पद में होना चाहिए। सभी विभक्तियों के उदाहरण यहाँ प्रस्तुत हैं

(क) प्रथमा विभक्ति के उदाहरण –

1. अश्वात् पतन सैनिकः शीघ्रम् उत्तिष्ठति।
2. गच्छन्ती माता पुत्रम् अपि नयति।
3. कम्पमानाः शत्रवः अधावन्।

(ख) द्वितीया विभक्ति के उदाहरण

1. अहं प्रिय मित्रम् अपश्यम्।
2. अहं प्रिये मित्रे अपश्यम्।
3. अहं प्रियाणि मित्राणि अपश्यम्।

(ग) तृतीया विभक्ति के उदाहरण

1. नीलेन पुष्पेण सह श्वेतं पुष्पं मेलयत।
2. सः योग्यैः शिक्षकैः सह उपविष्टः आसीत्।
3. अहं पीडिताभ्यां सखीभ्यां सह सान्त्वनावचनं कथयिष्यामि।

(घ) चतुर्थी विभक्ति के साथ

1. सस्वराय गीताय ताम् आह्वय।
2. शोभनायै कन्यायै शोभनं वरं पश्य।
3. ललिताभ्यः लवङ्गलताभ्यः तस्य प्रशंसा कुरु।

(ङ) पञ्चमी विभक्ति के साथ

1. एकस्मात् वृक्षात् पक्षी उड्डयते।
2. द्वाभ्यां गृहाभ्याम् अन्नम् आनय।
3. त्रिभ्यः पुस्तकेभ्यः युग्म-शब्दान् अवचिनुत।

(च) षष्ठी विभक्ति के साथ

1. उन्नतस्य भवनस्य शिखरं मनोरमम् अस्ति।
2. निम्नयोः वाक्ययोः अन्तरं कथय।
3. पठितानां पुस्तकानां कः उपयोगः अस्ति?

(छ) सप्तमी विभक्ति के साथ

1. रक्ते पुष्ये मम अभिलाषः वर्तते।
2. तस्यां कन्यायां सा स्निह्यति।
3. निजयोः पित्रोः सः साधुः अस्ति।

अभ्यासार्थ

निम्नवाक्यानि कोष्ठकस्य शब्दानां सहायतया कर्ता-क्रिययोः अन्विति-माध्यमेन पूरयित्वा लिखत  (1 x 5 = 5)
निम्नवाक्यों को कोष्ठक के शब्दों की सहायता से कर्ता-क्रिया की अन्विति द्वारा पूर्ण करके लिखें –

1. (i) तृणानि भूमिरुदकं वाचतुर्थी च सुनृता एतानि सतां गेहे कदाचन न ………………..। (उच्छिद्यते, उच्छिद्यन्ते)
(ii) अद्भिः गात्राणि ………………. | (शुध्यन्ति, शुध्यति)
(iii) मनः सत्येन ……………….. । (शुध्यति, शुध्यन्ति)
(iv) सत्यमेव ……………… नानृतम्। (जयति, जयते)
येन हि ऋषयः आप्तकामाः ……………….. । (आक्रमन्ति, आक्रमति)
(v) यः तु सर्वाणि भूतानि आत्मनि एव ……………….. । (अनुपश्यन्ति, अनुपश्यति)
उत्तर:
(i) उच्छिद्यन्ते
(ii) शुध्यन्ति
(iii) शुध्यति
(iv) जयते, आक्रमन्ति
(v) अनुपश्यति

2. (i) तत् पथः दुर्ग कवयो ……………….. । (वदति, वदन्ति)
(ii) यूयं सर्वे वरान् प्राप्य ……………….. । (निबोधत, निबोधत्)
(iii) अस्माकं सृष्टि-आधारम् किं भवन्तः ……………….. । (जानाति, जानन्ति)
(iv) ऋतूणां दिनरात्र्योः च कथं परिवर्तनं ……………….. । (भवेत, भवेत्)
(v) सर्वत्र एव सूर्यस्य महिमा ……………….. । (वर्णिता, वर्णितम्)
उत्तर:
(i) वदन्ति
(ii) निबोधत
(iii) जानन्ति
(iv) भवेत्
(v) वर्णिता

3. (i) अयमेव वत्सरं द्वादशसु भागेषु ……………….. । (विभनक्ति, विभक्ति)
(ii) एष एव उत्तरं दक्षिणं चायनम् ……………….. । (अङ्गीकरोषि, अङ्गीकरोति)
(iii) अनेन एव कल्पभेदाः ……………….. । (कृताः, कृतः,)
(iv) एनमेव आश्रित्य परमेष्ठिनः परार्द्धसंख्या ……………….. । (भवन्ति, भवति)
(v) गायत्री अमुम् एव ……………….. । (गायति, गीयते)
उत्तर:
(i) विभनक्ति
(ii) अङ्गीकरोति
(iii) कृताः
(iv) भवति
(v) गायति

4. (i) देशस्य कृते एव प्रजाधनस्य सदुपयोगः ……………….. । (स्यात, स्यात्)
(ii) अहं कौमुदीमहोत्सव-कारणतः कुसुमपुरम् अवलोकयितुम् ……………….. । (इच्छति, इच्छामि)
(iii) अतः सुगाङ्गप्रसादस्य उपरि स्थिताः प्रदेशाः ……………….. । (संस्क्रियन्ताम्, संस्क्रियताम्)
(iv) चन्दन वारिणा भूमि शीघ्रं ……………….। (सिञ्चन्तु, सिञ्चतु)
(v) अयम् एव देवः चन्द्रगुप्तः ……………….. । (आगताः, आगतः)
उत्तर:
(i) स्यात्
(ii) इच्छामि
(iii) संस्क्रियन्ताम्
(iv) सिञ्चन्तु
(v) आगतः

5. (i) आर्य वैहीनरे! सुगाङ्गमार्गम् ……………….. । (आदेशयतु, आदेशय)
(ii) तत्कथं न कौमुदीमहोत्सवः ……………….. । (प्रारब्धः, प्रारब्धाः)
(iii) देव! कः अन्यः जीवितुकामो देवस्य शासनम् ………………… । (अतिवर्तेत, अतिवर्तेत्)
(iv) आर्य! आचार्यचाणक्यं द्रष्टुम् ……………….. । (इच्छामः, इच्छामि)
(v) कथं मया सह दुरात्मा राक्षसः ……………….. । (स्पर्धते, स्पर्धसे)
उत्तर:
(i) आदेशय
(ii) प्रारब्धः
(iii) अतिवर्तेत
(iv) इच्छामि
(v) स्पर्धते

6. (i) एतादृशैः जनैः राजा तृणवद् ……………….. । (गण्यसे, गण्यते)
(i) आर्य! देवः चन्द्रगुप्तः आर्य शिरसा प्रणम्य ……………….. । (विज्ञापयति, ज्ञापयति)
(iii) वैहीनरे! किं तेन कौमुदीमहोत्सवस्य प्रतिषेधः ……………….. । (ज्ञातः, ज्ञातम्)
(iv) भवद्भिः एव प्रोत्साह्य वृषल: ……………….. । (कोपिताः, कोपितः)
(v) आर्य, देवेन एव अहम् आर्यस्य चरणयोः ……………….. । (प्रेषिताः, प्रेषितः)
उत्तर:
(i) गण्यते
(ii) विज्ञापयति
(iii) ज्ञातः
(iv) कोपितः
(v) प्रेषितः

7. (i) अये! सिंहासनम् वृषलः ……………….. । (अध्यास्ते, अध्यासते)
(ii) न निष्प्रयोजनं प्रभुभिः अधिकारिणः ……………….. । (आहूयते, आहूयन्ते)
(iii) कौमुदी महोत्सवस्य प्रतिषेधे किं फलम् आर्यः ……………….. । (पश्यति, पश्यन्ति)
(iv) यदि एवं तर्हि शिष्येण गुरोः आज्ञा ……………….. । (पालनीया, पालनीयाः)
(v) स्वयम् अनभियुक्तानां राज्ञाम् एते दोषाः ……………….. । (सम्भवति, सम्भवन्ति)
उत्तर:
(i) अध्यास्ते
(ii) आहूयन्ते
(iii) पश्यति
(iv) पालनीया
(v) सम्भवन्ति

8. (i) अतः इदानीं दुर्गसंस्कारः ……………….. । (प्रारब्धव्यः, प्रारब्धव्यम्)
(ii) पर्वतक-पुत्रः मलयकेतुः अस्मान् अभियोक्तुम् ……………….. । (उद्यताः, उद्यतः)
(iii) न निष्प्रयोजनं प्रभुभिः अधिकारिणः ……………….. । (आहूयते, आहूयन्ते)
(iv) आर्य! चन्द्रगुप्तः ……………….. । (प्रणमामि, प्रणमति)
(v) न प्रयोजनम् अन्तरा चाणक्यः स्वप्नेऽपि ……………….. । (चेष्टते, चेष्टन्ते)
उत्तर:
(i) प्रारब्धव्यः
(ii) उद्यतः
(iii) आहूयन्ते
(iv) प्रणमति
(v) चेष्टते

9. (i) जीवने दूरदृष्टिं विना सफलता न ……………….। (लभ्यन्ते, लभ्यते)
(ii) दूरदर्शी जनः सर्वान् पक्षान् विपक्षान् च गणयित्वा निर्णय ……………….। (करोषि, करोति)
(iii) एकस्मिन् जलाशये त्रयो मत्स्याः ……………….। (प्रतिवसन्ति स्म, प्रतिवसति स्म)
(iv) अहो, बहुमत्स्योऽयं हृदः अस्माभिः कदापि न ……………….। (अन्वेष्टः, अन्वेषितः)
(v) तद् रात्रौ एव किञ्चिद् निकटं सरः ……………….। (गम्यताम्, गम्यन्ताम्)
उत्तर:
(i) लभ्यते
(ii) करोति
(iii) प्रतिवसन्ति स्म
(iv) अन्वेषितः
(v) गम्यताम्

10. (i) अशक्तैः बलिनः रात्रोः प्रपालायनं ……………….। (कर्तव्यम्, कर्तव्यः)
(ii) प्रातः काले मत्स्यजीविनः अत्र समागत्य मत्स्यक्षयं ……………….। (करिष्यति, करिष्यन्ति)
(iii) ते विद्वांसः देहभङ्ग कुलक्षयम् च न ……………….। (पश्यन्ति, पश्यति)
(iv) भवद्भ्यां सम्यक् न ……………….। (मन्त्रितम्, मन्त्रितः)
(v) किं वाङ्मात्रेण एव पितृपैतामहादिकम् एतत् सरः त्यक्तुं ……………….। (युज्यन्ते, युज्यते)
उत्तर:
(i) कर्तव्यम्
(ii) करिष्यन्ति
(iii) पश्यन्ति
(iv) मन्त्रितम्
(v) युज्यते

11. (i) वने विसर्जितः अनाथोऽपि ……………….। (जीवति, जीवन्ति)
(ii) कृत प्रयत्नः जनः गहेऽपि ……………….। (नश्यन्ति, नश्यति)
(iii) मत्स्यजीविभिः जालैः तं जलाशयं निर्मत्स्यता ……………….। (नीतम्, नीतवान्)
(iv) अनागतविधाता प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिश्च परिजनेन सह ततः ……………….। (निष्क्रान्तः, निष्क्रान्तौ)
(v) सुरक्षितं दैवहतम् अपि ……………….। (विनश्यति, विनश्यन्ति)
उत्तर:
(i) जीवति
(ii) नश्यति
(iii) नीतम्
(iv) निष्क्रान्तौ
(v) विनश्यति

12. (i) अहो! इयं हिमानी कीदृशी ……………….। (राज्यते, राजते)
(ii) सर्वे छात्राः यात्रायाः वृत्तान्तं ज्ञातुम् अनुरोध ……………….। (कुर्वन्ति, कुर्वति)
(iii) नूनम् एतादृशानि वर्णनानि त्यागस्य भावनाः ……………….। (जनयति, जनयन्ति)
(iv) छात्राः विद्यालयस्य पत्रिकायां चित्राणि ……………….। (पश्यति, पश्यन्ति)
(v) गतवर्षे द्वादशकक्षायाः छात्राः लेह-लद्दाखनगरं ……………….। (प्रयाताः, प्रयाता)
उत्तर:
(i) राजते
(ii) कुर्वन्ति
(iii) जनयन्ति
(iv) पश्यन्ति
(v) प्रयाताः

13. (i) इदम् अभियानम् अतीव रोचकं साहसिकं च ……………….। (आसन्, आसीत्)
(ii) अस्माकं कक्षायाः सर्वे छात्राः यात्रावृत्तं द्रष्टुम् उत्सुकाः ……………….। (अस्ति, सन्ति)
(iii) सर्वे छात्राः यथास्थानम् ……………….। (उपविशन्ति, उपविशति)
(iv) एते लद्दाखप्रदेशीयाः गिरयः अतीव ……………….। (शोभते, शोभन्ते)
(v) उत्तुङ्गपर्वतानाम् उपत्यका भूमिं (जनाः) लद्दाख इति ……………….। (वदन्ति, वदति)
उत्तर:
(i) आसीत्
(ii) सन्ति
(iii) उपविशन्ति
(iv) शोभन्ते
(v) वदन्ति

14. (i) लद्दाखे आस्तृतः नीलाकाशः छत्रवत् ……………….। (प्रतीयेते, प्रतीयते)
(ii) सा उपत्यका विभजन्ती सिन्धुनदी ……………….। (भवति, अस्ति)
(iii) अयं स्तूपः रात्रौ दीपेषु प्रज्वलितेषु भव्यं आलोकं ……………….। (वितरति, वितरन्ति)
(iv) दीर्घ-दीर्घाणि एतानि स्थानानि किं मठाः……………….? (अस्ति, सन्ति)
(v) मठानां विशालता भव्यता च प्रेक्षकान् प्रसभम् …………….। (आकर्षति, आकर्षतः)
उत्तर:
(i) प्रतीयते
(ii) अस्ति
(iii) वितरति
(iv) सन्ति
(v) आकर्षति

15. (i) ‘स्टाक पैलेस’ संग्रहालये सप्तसप्ततिः कक्षाः ……………….। (अस्ति, सन्ति)
(ii) ‘लामायारु’ आदीनि ग्रीष्मपर्वाणि भगवन्तं बुद्ध प्रति भक्तिभावं ……………….। (दर्शयन्ति, पश्यन्ति)
(iii) उपत्यकाभूमिषु शीते ऋतौ महान् हिमराशिः ……………….। (निपतन्ति, निपतति)
(iv) ग्रीष्मे सः द्रवीभूय कृषकाणां भूमि सेचने भूयिष्ठम् ……………….। (उपकुर्वन्ति, उपकरोति)
(v) ग्रीष्मे ऋतौ पर्वतारोहिणोऽत्र प्रायः ……………….। (दृश्यन्ते, दृश्यते)
उत्तर:
(i) सन्ति
(ii) दर्शयन्ति
(iii) निपतति
(iv) उपकरोति
(v) दृश्यन्ते

16. (i) विपदि निपतिताः मानवाः सुभाषितैः आश्वासनं ……………….। (प्राप्नोति, प्राप्नुवन्ति)
(i) संस्कृतवाङ्मयं सहस्रशः सुमधुरवचनैः सम्यग् अलङ्कृतं ……………….। (वर्तन्ते, वर्तते)
(iii) एतानि सुभाषितानि साहित्ये सर्वत्र सुलभानि ……………….। (अस्ति, सन्ति)
(iv) येषां करणं परोपकरणं ते केषाम् न ……………….। (वन्द्यः, वन्द्याः)
(v) हुत्तम् च दत्तं च सदैव ………………..। (तिष्ठन्ति, तिष्ठति)
उत्तर:
(i) प्राप्नुवन्ति
(ii) वर्तते
(iii) सन्ति
(iv) वन्द्याः
(v) तिष्ठति

17. (i) त्यागेन, शीलेन, गुणेन, कर्मणा इति चतुर्भिः पुरुषः ……………….। (परीक्षते, परीक्ष्यते)
(ii) ये मायाविषु मायिनः न ……………….। (भवन्ति, भवति)
(iii) शठाः निशिताः इषवः इन असंवृत्ताङ्गान् प्रविश्य ……………….। (हन्ति, घ्नन्ति)
(iv) किं प्रभुः हितान् न ……………….। (संशृणुते, संश्रूयते)
(v) अपयशः मृत्योरपि भयावहम् ……………। (अस्ति, सन्ति)
उत्तर:
(i) परीक्ष्यते
(ii) भवन्ति
(iii) घ्नन्ति
(iv) संश्रूयते
(v) अस्ति

18. (i) धनवान् चारुदत्तः उदारतावश दानकरणात् शीघ्रं दरिद्रो ……………….। (जातः, भविष्यति)
(ii) दैन्येऽपि तस्य मनः कदापि भ्रष्टं न ……………..। (भवति, भवन्ति)
(iii) ततः नान्द्यन्ते सूत्रधारः तत्र ……………….। (प्रविशन्ति, प्रविशति)
(iv) अद्य बुभुक्षया पुष्करपत्रपतित जलबिन्दू इव मे अक्षिणी ……………….। (चञ्चलायेते, चञ्चलायते)
(v) एवं शोभनानां भोजनानां दात्री त्वं ……………….। (भवतु, भव)
उत्तर:
(i) जातः
(ii) भवति
(iii) प्रविशति
(iv) चञ्चलायेते
(v) भव

19. (i) अहम् अस्मादृशयोग्यं कञ्चिद् जनं निमन्त्रयितुम् ……………….। (इच्छामः, इच्छामि)
(ii) आर्य, दिष्ट्या खलु आगतः ……………….। (अस्ति, असि)
(iii) चिरं जीव, एवं शोभनानां भोजनानां दात्री ……………….। (भव, भवतु)
(iv) अहं पर्वताद् दूरमारोप्य पातितः ……………….। (अस्ति, अस्मि)
(v) अहम् अस्मादृशयोग्यं कञ्चिद् जनं निमन्त्रयितुम् ……………….। (इच्छति, इच्छामि)
उत्तर:
(i) इच्छामि
(ii) असि
(iii) भव
(iv) अस्मि
(v) इच्छामि

20. (i) एषः आर्य चारुदत्तस्य वयस्यः आर्यमैत्रेयः इतः एव ……………….। (आगच्छसि, आगच्छति)
(ii) मयापि मैत्रेयेण परस्य आमन्त्रणकानि ……………….। (अभिलषणीयानि, अभिलषानि)
(iii) इदानीम् अहं अन्यत्र भुक्त्वा तस्यावासमेव ………………..। (गच्छामि, आगच्छामि)
(iv) एष तत्रभवान् चारुदत्तः गृहदैवतानि अर्चयन् इतः एव ……………….। (आगच्छन्ति, आगच्छति)
(v) न खल्वहं नष्टां श्रियम् ……………….। (अनुशुचामि, अनुशोचामि)
उत्तर:
(i) आगच्छति
(ii) अभिलषणीयानि
(iii) गच्छामि
(iv) आगच्छति
(v) अनुशोचामि

21. (i) सखे! ‘दानं श्रेयस्करम्’ इति प्रत्ययादेव ममार्थाः क्षीणाः……………….। (जातः, जाताः)
(ii) यथा वसन्ते शरस्तम्बस्य अङ्कुराद् अङ्कुराः ……………….। (निस्सरन्ति, निस्सरति)
(iii) तथैव धनविनाश दुःखस्य पुनः पुनः चिन्त्यमानस्य नाना चिन्ताङ्कराः ……………….। (प्रादुर्भवति, प्रादुर्भवन्ति)
(iv) निर्वैराः सुहृदः अपि विमुखी ……………….। (भवति, भवन्ति)
(v) गुणरसज्ञस्य तु पुरुषस्य व्यसनं दारुणतरं मां ……………….। (प्रतिभाति, प्रतिभान्ति)
उत्तर:
(i) जाताः
(ii) निस्सरन्ति
(iii) प्रादुर्भवन्ति
(iv) भवन्ति
(v) प्रतिभाति

22. (i) सर्वे छात्राः यथासमयं कृपया तत्र ……………….। (आगच्छतु, आगच्छन्तु)
(ii) अद्य अस्माकं मध्ये प्रतिभाशालिनः छात्राः ……………….। (समुपस्थिताः, समुपस्थितः)
(iii) कृपया करतल ध्वनिना एतेषां स्वागतम् अभिनन्दनं च ……………….। (कुर्वन्तु, करोतु)
(iv) विमानशास्त्रे त्रिपुरविमानस्य एवं वर्णनं ……………….। (समुपलभते, समुपलभ्यते)
(v) तृतीयः भागः तु स्वतः एव आकाशे ……………….। (सञ्चरति, सञ्चरन्ति)
उत्तर:
(i) आगच्छन्तु
(ii) समुपस्थिताः
(iii) कुर्वन्तु
(iv) समुपलभ्यते
(v) सञ्चरति

23. (i) शालिनी अधुना सुश्रुतस्य शल्य क्रियामधिकृत्य अस्माकं ज्ञानवृद्धि ……………….। (करिष्यति, करिष्यन्ति)
(ii) उत्तम शल्य चिकित्सकाः भवितुं अस्माभिः सुश्रुत संहिता अवश्यमेव ……………….। (पठनीया, पठनीयम्)
(iii) सुश्रुतसंहितायां नासिका प्रत्यारोपणं विस्तरश: ……………….। (वर्णितम्, वर्णिताः)
(iv) यदि जम्बूवृक्षस्य पूर्वदिशि वल्मीकः ……………….। (भवेत, भवेत्)
(v) मिहिरेण वृक्षायुर्वेदपशुविज्ञानयोः उपरि बहुमूल्या सामग्री ……………….। (सङ्कलिता, सङ्कलितम्)
उत्तर:
(i) करिष्यति
(ii) पठनीया
(iii) वर्णितम्
(iv) भवेत्
(v) सङ्कलिता

24.(i) यदि आर्यभटेन शून्यस्य अविष्कारः न कृतः ……………….। (स्यात, स्यात्)
(ii) नौकायां स्थितः मनुष्यः वृक्षादीन् पृष्ठं प्रति गच्छतः……………….। (पश्यति, पश्यन्ति)
(iii) भगवतः आर्यभटस्य महिमानं वयं ……………….। (जानीमः, जानामि)
(iv) कौटिल्यस्य अर्थशास्त्रे बहवः विषयाः ……………….। (वर्णितः, वर्णिताः)
(v) अशुद्धं स्वर्णं चतुर्गुणेन सीसेन …………। (शोधयेत्, शोधयसि)
उत्तर:
(i) स्यात्
(ii) पश्यति
(iii) जानीमः
(iv) वर्णिताः
(v) शोधयेत्

25. (i) सुषमा भारते उपलब्धानां विचित्र शिल्पकलाकृतीनां परिचय ……………….। (प्रदास्यति, प्रदास्यन्ति)
(ii) भारतस्य विविधाः स्तम्भाः अद्य यावत् भारतीय वैज्ञानिकानां गौरवगाथां ……………….। (वर्णयन्ति, वर्णयति)
(iii) इदानीम् एषा गोष्ठी समाप्तिं ……………….। (यान्ति, याति)
(iv) अस्माकं प्राचार्यमहोदयाः श्वः सम्मान पत्राणि ……………….। (प्रदास्यति, प्रदास्यन्ति)
(v) सम्प्रति वयं सर्वे मिलित्वा शान्ति पाठं ……………….। (करिष्यति, करिष्यामः)
उत्तर:
(i) प्रदास्यति
(ii) वर्णयन्ति
(iii) याति
(iv) प्रदास्यन्ति
(v) करिष्यामः

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sanskrit

The post CBSE Class 12 Sanskrit व्याकरणम् अन्विति-प्रकरण appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Vidyasaarathi Scholarship 2019: ACC has declared the vidyasaarathi scholarship for students for the year 2019-20. This scholarship is only available for students that are residing near the ACC plant across the PAN India. ACC vidyasaarathi scholarship is available for the candidates that are pursuing ITI, undergrad courses, BE/BTECH, or Diploma courses. This scholarship program is designed for students that are pursuing any graduation courses like bachelors in commerce, science, arts, or any subsequent branches. This scholarship program is only available for students that are residing near the ACC plant across India. It is not available for the ACC employees or their children.

Vidyasaarathi is an initiative by the NSDL e-governance infrastructure limited in order to reduce the gap in education finance in the country through online means. Students can search through this portal for various education finance schemes that they are qualified for. Industries, fund providers, corporates can promote skill development by organizing education schemes ib vidyasaarathi and these managed schemes. This solution would manage the online education finance lifecycle that is reviewing and submission of an application, disbursement of funds, scholarship awards, and renewal of education finance.

Vidyasaarathi Scholarship 2019

The online application for the vidyasaarathi scholarship begins in the first week of August 2019. While the last date for submission of application form is in the last week of September 2019.

• The scholarship amount differs for students based on their current program.
• The basic scholarship amount is up to Rs. 5000.
• For diploma students, the scholarship amount is up to Rs. 20,000.
• While for ITI students, the scholarship amount is up to Rs. 20,000.
• For BE/BTECH students, the scholarship amount is up to 30,000.
• For undergrads, financial assistance is up to Rs. 5000.

Vidyasaarathi Scholarship Eligibility Criteria

• The eligibility criteria differ based on the program taken by students.
• For undergrad, the basic minimum marks in HSC should be 50%.
• For BE or BTech students, the minimum marks are 50% in HSC and 50% in diploma.
• For ITI, the minimum is 35% in SSC.
• For diploma, the minimum is 50% in SSC.
• This scheme is available for the students who have a family income between Rs. 0 to Rs. 5,00,000 per annum.
• This scholarship is not available for ACC employees and their children.

Documents Required for Vidyasaarathi Scholarship

• Domicile certificate
• Proof of address
• Proof of identity
• Class 10th and 12th marksheet
• Passing marksheet of 1st year for 2nd-year students
• Passing marksheet of 2nd year for 3rd-year students
• Admission confirmation letter
• Student’s bank passbook
• College fee receipts
• Latest income certificate
• PAN card, voter ID, passport are optional

All these documents uploaded should be clear and must be uploaded in .png or .jpeg format only.

Vidyasaarathi Scholarship Application Form

Below are the steps to apply for ACC vidyasaarathi scholarship 2019:

1. Go to the official portal of the vidyasaarathi scholarship which is vidyasaarathi.co.in.
2. Sign up your profile by providing various details through the link given on the right-hand side of the homepage.
3. Fill all the necessary details in the form and complete your profile
4. Search for the relevant schemes available on the portal for you and apply for the scholarship.
5. Upload the required documents and click on the submit button.

FAQ’s

Question 1.
What are some of the features of the vidyasaarathi scholarship portal?

Answer:
The vidyasaarathi portal provides a single window to access all the necessary information and make the application for the educational scholarship. Below are some of the features of the portal:

• You can apply to multiple educational schemes and scholarship
• There is relevant information for various educational scholarships.
• The facility is available for corporates to download the scholarship applications and also review them.
• Facilities for corporates or educational institutes to register online.

Question 2.
How to apply for the educational scholarship using vidyasaarathi?

Answer:
In order to apply for the scholarship, students need to login on the official portal of vidyasaarathi. Then there is an option for filling the basic details and scheme related details for the candidate.

Question 3.
What to do if I have not received the activation link on an email address?

Answer:
If you have not received any activation link on your email ID then you can check the junk folder or spam mail in your mailbox. You can also contact the customer care for more details.

The post Vidyasaarathi Scholarship 2019 for Undergraduates | Dates, Eligibility, Application Form appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 12 Sanskrit व्याकरणम् प्रकृति-प्रत्यय-विभाग

धातु या शब्द के पीछे जुड़ने वाले अंश को प्रत्यय कहते हैं। धातु के बाद जुड़ने वाले प्रत्यय को कृत् तथा संज्ञा, विशेषण, क्रिया, अव्यय के पीछे जुड़नेवाले अंश को तद्धित प्रत्यय कहते हैं।

(i) कृत्-प्रत्यय –
इसमें क्त, क्तवतु, क्त्वा, ल्यप् , तुमुन्, शतृ, शानच्, क्तिन्, तव्यत्, अनीयर् आदि प्रत्यय आते हैं।
1. क्त प्रत्यय – यह भूतकालिक कृत् प्रत्यय है। अधिकतर कर्मवाच्य में प्रयुक्त होता है।
उदाहरण –
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2. क्तवतु- यह भी भूतकालिक कृत् प्रत्यय है। अधिकतर कर्तृवाच्य में प्रयुक्त होता है।
उदाहरण –
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3. क्त्वा- वाक्य में दो क्रियाओं के होने पर जो पहले समाप्त होती है उस क्रिया को बतानेवाली धातु से ‘क्त्वा’ प्रत्यय (त्वा) लगता है।
उदाहरण –
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4. ल्यप् – धातु से पूर्व उपसर्ग होने पर धातु के बाद ‘ल्यप् ‘ (य) का प्रयोग होता है।
उदाहरण –
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5. अनीयर् – ‘विधिलिङ् लकार’ के अर्थ में विधि कृदन्त अर्थात् तव्यत्, अनीयर् का प्रयोग होता है। ‘अनीयर् का ‘अनीय’ शेष रहता है।
उदाहरण –
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6. तव्यत् – ‘विधिलिङ् लकार’ के अर्थ में विधि कृदन्त अर्थात् तव्यत्, अनीयर् का प्रयोग होता है। ‘तव्यत्’ का ‘तव्य’ शेष रहता है।
उदाहरण –
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7. तुमुन्- जिस क्रिया के लिए कोई अन्य क्रिया की जाती है उसकी धातु से भविष्यत् काल के अर्थ को प्रकट करने के लिए ‘तुमुन्’ का प्रयोग होता है। ‘तुम’ का ‘तुम्’ शेष रह जाता है।
उदाहरण –
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8. क्तिन् प्रत्यय – स्त्रीलिङ्ग में भाववाचक संज्ञा बनाने के लिए धातु के साथ ‘क्तिन्’ प्रत्यय लगता है। ‘क्तिन्’ का ‘तिः’ शेष रहता है।
उदाहरण –
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9. शतृ प्रत्यय – परस्मैपदी धातुओं से ‘शतृ’ का अपूर्णकाल में प्रयोग होता है। ‘शतृ का’ ‘अत्’ शेष रह जाता है। पुं० में ‘त्’ को ‘न्’ हो जाता है।
उदाहरण –
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10. शानच् प्रत्यय – आत्मनेपद की धातुओं के साथ ‘शतृ’ (अत्/अन्) के स्थान पर ‘शान’ (आन, मान) प्रत्यय लगता है।
उदाहरण –
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(ii) तद्धित प्रत्यय
(मतुप्, इन्, ठक्, ठञ्, त्व, तल्)
संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रियाविशेषण तथा अव्यय में ( = क्रियाओं से भिन्न शब्दों में) प्रत्यय लगाकर जो नए शब्द बनते हैं वे ‘तद्धित प्रत्ययान्त’ शब्द कहलाते हैं तथा उन प्रत्ययों को ‘तद्धित’ प्रत्यय कहते हैं। तद्धित प्रत्यय लगने पर नए शब्दों के अर्थ भी मूल शब्दों से भिन्न हो जाते हैं। जैसे- ‘दशरथ’ में इञ् (इ) तद्धित प्रत्यय लगाकर ‘दाशरथिः’ शब्द बना तथा ‘दाशरथिः’ शब्द का अर्थ ‘दशरथ की सन्तान’ होता है। इञ्’ (इ) प्रत्यय के लगने से उसकी सन्तान’ ऐसा अर्थ निकलता है अतः वह अपत्यार्थक तद्धित प्रत्यय है। इस तरह सभी तद्धित प्रत्ययों को कुल मिलाकर अपत्यार्थक, देवार्थक, समूहार्थक, अध्ययनार्थक, शैषिक, विकारार्थक, मतुबर्थक, स्वार्थक तथा अनेकार्थक- इनको, नौ भागों में बाँटा गया है। प्रत्ययों की संख्या भी बहुत अधिक है, किन्तु पाठ्यक्रम में मतुप्, इन्, ठक्, ठ, त्व, तल् इन सात तद्धित प्रत्ययों को ही रखा गया है। अत: निम्न पंक्तियों में केवल इन प्रत्ययों का ही सोदाहरण परिचय दिया जा रहा है।

(क) मतुप् प्रत्यय
‘वह इसका है’ (तत् अस्य अस्ति) या ‘वह इसमें है’ (तत् अस्मिन् अस्ति) इन अर्थों में प्रथमान्त शब्द से मतुप् (मत्) प्रत्यय हो जाता है। इस प्रत्यय का प्रयोग किसी एक वस्तु का दूसरी वस्तु में होना सूचित करने के लिए होता है। ‘मतुप्’ प्रत्यय का केवल ‘मत्’ ही शेष रह जाता है।

नियम –
1. जिन शब्दों के अन्त में अ, आ के अतिरिक्त कोई स्वर होता है। उनसे यह जैसे को तैसा जुड़ जाता है। जैसे – गो + मत् = गोमत् (= जिसकी गौएँ हैं- गावः अस्य सन्ति, इति)। यहाँ ‘गो’ ओकारान्त शब्द है अतः इसके साथ मतुप् प्रत्यय का ‘मत्’ जुड़ जाने से ‘गोमत्’ रूप बना।

इकारान्त शब्दों के उदाहरण –
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इकारान्त शब्दों के उदाहरण –
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उकारान्त शब्दों के उदाहरण –
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ऊकारान्त शब्द –
वधू + मतुप् = वधूमत् (वधू युक्त), वधूमान् (पुं॰)

ओकारान्त शब्द –
गो , + मतुप् = गोमत्। (गौओं वाला), गोमान् (पुं॰)

हलन्त शब्द –
कुछ हलन्त शब्दों के बाद भी मतुप् के ‘मत्’ का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे –
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2. जिन शब्दों के अन्त में तथा उपधा में ‘म्’ हो अथवा ‘अ’ या ‘आ’ हो, तो उनके पश्चात् ‘मतुप्’ के ‘म्’ को ‘व्’ होकर ‘मत्’ के स्थान पर “वत्’ का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे –

अकारान्त शब्द –
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आकारान्त शब्द –
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हलन्त शब्द –
निम्न हलन्त शब्दों में भी मतुपु के ‘म’ को ‘व’ होकर ‘वत्’ का प्रयोग होता है, क्योंकि इनकी उपधा (अन्तिम वर्ण से पूर्व) में ‘अ’ विद्यमान है; जैसे –
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अपवाद –

विशेष – ‘मतुप्’ लगने से बने हुए सभी शब्द विशेषण रूप में प्रयुक्त होते हैं। अतः इनके रूप विशेष्य के अनुसार तीनों लिंगों में अलग-अलग बनते हैं; जैसे –
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(ख) इनि (इन्) प्रत्यय
अकारान्त शब्दों के अनन्तर ‘मतुप्’ के अर्थ में अर्थात् किसी एक वस्तु का दूसरी वस्तु में होना सूचित करने के लिए (‘तद् अस्य अस्ति’ अथवा ‘तद् अस्मिन् अस्ति’) इनि (इन्) का प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे –

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‘ज्ञानिन्’ या ‘ज्ञानी’ की व्याख्या होगी ‘ज्ञानम् अस्य अस्ति इति’ अर्थात् ज्ञानवान्। इसी प्रकार सभी ‘इन्’ प्रत्ययान्त शब्दों की व्याख्या समझनी चाहिए।

(ग) ठक् (इक) प्रत्यय
ठक् प्रत्यय का प्रयोग विभिन्न शब्दों के साथ निम्नलिखित पृथक्-पृथक् अर्थों में होता है (ठक्, ठन्, ठञ् आदि प्रत्ययों के स्थान पर इक हो जाता है) – ठक् प्रत्यय परे होने पर शब्द के प्रथम स्वर की वृद्धि (अ को आ, इ, ई, ए, को ऐ, उ, ऊ, ओ को औ) हो जाती है; जैसे- दिन + ठक् (इक) = दैनिकः; दैनिकम्। वर्ष + ठक् = वार्षिक:; वार्षिकम्। मूल + ठक् = मौलिकम्। देव + ठक् = दैविकः। भूत + ठक् = भौतिकः। देह + ठक् = दैहिकः। अध्यात्मक + ठक् = अध्यात्मिकः। अधिभूत + ठक् = आधिभौतिकः। अधिदेच + ठक् = आधिदैविकः। लक्ष + ठक् = लाक्षिकः इत्यादि।

1. अपत्य (सन्तान) अर्थ में –
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2. संस्कृतम् अर्थ में –
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3. चरति (जाता है, खाता है) अर्थ में –
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4. रक्षति (रक्षा करता है) के अर्थ में –

समाज + ठक् (इक) = । सामाजिकः (समाज की रक्षा करने वाला)

5. करोति (करता है) के अर्थ में –
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6. हन्ति (मारता है) के अर्थ में –
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7. ‘मतिः यस्य’ (जिसकी मान्यता है) के अर्थ में –
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8. नियुक्त अर्थ में –
आकर + ठक् (इक) = आकरिकः (आकर में नियुक्त)

9. गच्छति (गमन करना) अर्थ में –
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10. ‘अधीते’ या ‘वेद’ (पढ़ता है या जानता है) के अर्थ में –
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(घ) ठञ् ( इक) प्रत्यय

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(ङ) “त्व’ प्रत्यय
भाववाचक संज्ञा बनाने के लिए ‘त्व’ प्रत्यय का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ‘त्व’ प्रत्ययान्त पद नपुंसकलिंग में होता है।
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(च) तल् (ता) प्रत्यय
भाववाचक संज्ञा (स्त्रीलिंग) बनाने के लिए तल् प्रत्यय भी लगाया जाता है। तल् के स्थान पर ‘ता’ हो जाता है; जैसे –
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तल् प्रत्यय ग्राम, जन, बन्धु, गज तथा सहाय शब्दों के साथ समूह के अर्थ में भी किया जाता है; जैसे –
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(iii) स्त्री प्रत्यय

(क) टाप् प्रत्ययः
अजादिगण में परिगणित पुंल्लिग शब्दों को तथा अकारान्त आदि पुंल्लिग शब्दों को स्त्रीलिंग बनाने के लिए प्रायः टाप् प्रत्यय का प्रयोग होता है। टाप् प्रत्यय के ट् और प् का लोप होकर केवल ‘आ’ रूप शेष बच जाता है।

1. अजादिगण शब्द –
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2. अकारान्त शब्द –
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विशेष – कुछ शब्द अजादिगण में न होने पर भी उनके साथ टाप् प्रत्यय लगता है; जैसे –

आचार्य + टाप् (आ) = आचार्या उपाध्याय + टाप् (आ) = उपाध्याया

3. जिन शब्दों के अन्त में ‘अक’ होता है उनको स्त्रीलिंग बनाते समय भी ‘आ’ प्रत्यय लगता है, किन्तु शब्द के अन्तिम ‘क’ से पूर्व ‘इ’ लगाई जाती है; जैसे –
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(ख) ङीप् प्रत्ययः
ङीप् प्रत्यय में व प् का लोप होकर केवल ‘ई’ शेष रहता है। ङीप् प्रत्यय का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थानों पर किया जाता है

1. ऋकारान्त शब्दों को स्त्रीलिंग बनाने के लिए डीप् प्रत्यय का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे –
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2. नकारात्मक शब्दों को स्त्रीलिंग बनाने के लिए ङीप् प्रत्यय का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे –
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3. प्रथम वय के वाचक अकारान्त शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग में ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय होता है; जैसे –
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4. ईयसुन् प्रत्यय वाले शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग में ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय होता है; जैसे –
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5. मतुप् प्रत्यय वाले शब्दों में स्त्रीलिंग में ङीपू (ई) प्रत्यय होता है; जैसे –
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6. वतुषु (वत्) प्रत्यय वाले शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग में ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय लगता है; जैसे –
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7. क्वस् (वस्) प्रत्यय वाले शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग में ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय होता है; जैसे –
विद्वस् + ङीप् (ई) = विदुषी  जग्मिवस् + ङीप् (ई) = जामुषी

8. शतृ (अत्) प्रत्यय वाले शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग में ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय लगता है और न् का आगम होता है; जैसे –
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9. गुणवाचक उकारान्त शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग में विकल्प से ङीप् (ई) लगती है; जैसे –
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10. पतिबोधक अकारान्त शब्दों से पत्नीबोधक शब्द बनाने के लिए ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय लगता है; जैसे –
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11. निम्नलिखित अकारान्त शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग बनाने के लिए ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय लगता है; जैसे –
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12. निम्नलिखित अकारान्त शब्दों से स्त्रीलिंग बनाने के लिए ङीप् (ई) प्रत्यय से पूर्व आन् का आगम होता है; जैसे –
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कुछ विशेष प्रत्ययः
ऊपर लिखे गए प्रत्ययों के अलावा कुछ विशेष महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रत्यय भी दिए जा रहे हैं जो कि पाठ्यक्रम में निर्धारित नहीं है।
1. ल्युट् (अनम्) 2. क्तिन् (ति:) 3. तृच् (तृ) 4. तसिल् (त:)

1. ल्युट् प्रत्यय- यह प्रत्यय धातु के पीछे लगाकर उन्हें भाववाचक नपुंसकलिंग एकवचन शब्द रूप में परिवर्तित कर देता है। यथा –
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2. क्तिन् प्रत्यय- यह प्रत्यय से धातु को स्त्रीलिंग (भाववाचक) एकवचन इकारांत वाले शब्द बनाए जाते है; यथा –
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3. तृच् प्रत्यय- इस प्रत्यय का प्रयोग धातु से ऋकारान्त शब्दों (करने वाला) का निर्माण करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे –
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4. तसिल् प्रत्यय- ये प्रत्यय शब्दों से पञ्चमी विभक्ति के रूप में उसी अर्थ को प्रकट करने के लिए लगाए जाते हैं। ये शब्द अव्यय के रूप में बने हैं; जैसे –
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प्रत्यय-प्रयोग

(क) कृत्प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग

1. क्तान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) श्रीकृष्णस्य मधुराधिपते: ………………. (हस् + क्त) मधुरम् अस्ति।
(ख) तेन जलं ……………… (पा + क्त)।

2. क्तवतु-अन्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) सः दीनान् …………… (पीड् + क्तवतु)।
(ख) सा याचकेभ्य: वस्त्राणि ……………… (दा + क्तवतु)।

3. क्त्वा-अन्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) पुष्पं भूमि …………… (पत् + क्त्वा) अनश्यत्।
(ख) वयं नदी ……………. (गम् + क्त्वा) शीघ्रम् आयास्यामः।

4. तुमुन्-अन्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) अहं …………… (जीव् + तुमुन्) खादामि।
(ख) स …………. (खाद् + तुमुन्) जीवति।

5. ल्यप् प्रत्ययान्त पदों को प्रयोग
(क) आचार्य: ………………… (वि + हस् + ल्यप्) अवदत्-राम! त्वं धन्योऽसि।
(ख) शङ्करः नदीं :……………. (प्र + विज्ञ + ल्यप्) मातरम् अवदत् – नक्र: मां न मुञ्चति, मातः! किं करवाणि।

6. तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) भारतीयैः वीराणां सम्मान …………… (कृ + तव्यत्)।
(ख) अस्माभिः एतानि पत्राणि ………….. (लिखु + तव्यत्)।

7. अनीयर् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) त्वया धर्म: ……………. (आ + चर् + अनीयर्)।
(ख) मया सत्कर्म …………… (कृ + अनीयर्)।

8. क्तिन् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) सः ………….. (मुच् + क्तिन्) वाञ्छति।
(ख) विषयेषु ……………. (रम् + क्तिन्) परित्यजत।

9. शतृ प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) स…………… (नृत् + शतृ) मूर्च्छितोऽभवत्।
(ख) लेखका: ……………… (लिख् + शतृ) उत्साहं प्रादर्शयन्।

10. शानच् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) …………… (सेव् + शानच्) जनः स्वार्थं न गणयेत्।
(ख) ……………….. (वृध् + शानच्) वृक्षाः छायावन्तः सन्ति।

(ख) तद्धित प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग

1. मतुप् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) ………… (बुद्धि + मतुप्) बालिका परीक्षायां सफला अभवत्।।
(ख) ……….. (विद्या + मतुप्) भव।

2. इन् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) ते ………….. (ज्ञान + इन्) सन्ति।
(ख) वयं ………… (सुख + इन्) स्याम।

3. ठक् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) श्रीपाद दामोदर सातवलेकरमहोदयः ” (वेद + ठक्) विद्वान् आसीत्।
(ख) किं त्वम् …………… (अस्ति + ठक्) ने असि?

4. ठञ् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) इदं वस्त्रं साप्ततिकम् (सप्तति + ठञ्) अस्ति।
(ख) इदम् अन्नं प्रास्थिकम् (प्रस्थ + ठञ्) अस्ति।
(ग) इदम् अध्यायः आह्निकः (अहन् + ठञ्) अस्ति।
(घ) स राजा श्वेतच्छत्रिकः (श्वेतच्छत्र + ठञ्) अस्ति।

5. त्व-प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) सः गुणै: …………. (देव + त्व) प्राप्तवान्।
(ख) फलस्य ………… (मृदु + त्व)पश्यत।

6. तल् प्रत्ययान्त पदों का प्रयोग
(क) तस्य गायने ………….. (मधुर + तल्) न आसीत्।
(ख) तस्य प्रश्नपत्रे …………….. (सरल + तल्) न आसीत्।

अभ्यासार्थ :

निम्नलिखित वाकयेषु रेखाकितानां पदेषु प्रकृति-प्रत्ययानां संयोजनं विभाजनं वा कुरुत

1. …………….. च …………… वाकू। (चतुर्थी + ङीप्), (सुनृत + टाप्)
उत्तर:
चतुर्थी, सुनृता

2. सत्येन पन्थाः ………….. देवयानः। (वि + तन् + क्त)
उत्तर:
विततः

3. उत्तिष्ठत, जाग्रत, …………….. वरान् निबोधत। (प्र + आप् + ल्पय्)
उत्तर:
प्राप्य

4. क्षुरस्य धारा ……………. दुरत्यया। (निशित + टाप्)
उत्तर:
निशिता

5. सूर्यः एव ……………. आधारः। (प्र + कृ + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
प्रकृतेः

6. अस्माकं ………….. आधारः कः? (सृष् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
सृष्टेः

7. सूर्योदयस्य ……………… अद्भूतं च शिवराजविजये वर्णनम् उपलभ्यते। (रम् + यत्)
उत्तर:
रम्यम्।

8. निजपर्णकुटीरात् …………… गुरुसेवन पटुः बटुः उदेष्यन्तं भास्वन्तं ……………… तस्य महिमानं वर्णयति। (निर + गम् + ल्यप्), (प्र + नम् + शतृ)
उत्तर:
निर्गत्य, प्रणमन्

9. एष पूर्वस्यां ……………….. अरुण प्रकाशः। (भग + मतुप्), (मरीचिमाल + इन्)
उत्तर:
भगवतः, मरीचिमालिनः

10. …………… खेचरचक्रस्य। (चक्रवर्ती + इन्)
उत्तर:
चक्रवर्ती

11. ……………. पुण्ड रीक पटलस्य। (प्रिय + ईयसुन्)
उत्तर:
प्रेयान्

12. अनेन एव युगभेदाः (सम् + पद् + णिच् + क्त)
उत्तर:
सम्पादिताः

13. अनेन एव …………. कल्पभेदाः। (कृ + क्त)
उत्तर:
कृताः

14. एनम् एव …………… ……………. परार्द्धसंख्या भवति। (आ + श्रि + ल्यप्), (परमेष्ठ + इन्)
उत्तर:
आश्रित्य, परमेष्ठिनः

15. वेदाः एतस्य एव ………… (वन्द + इन्)
उत्तर:
वन्दिनः

16. ………….. एषः विश्वेषाम्। (प्र + नम् + यत्)
उत्तर:
प्रणम्यः

17. राष्ट्रचिन्ता ……………..। (गुरु + ईयसुन् + ङीन्)
उत्तर:
गरीयसी

18. एषः अंशः ‘मुद्राराक्षस’ इति संस्कृतनाटकात् । (सम् + कल् + क्त)
उत्तर:
सङ्कलित

19. ……………, आकाशम् ………….. । (परि + क्रम् + ल्यप्), (उत् + वि + ईक्ष् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
परिक्रम्य, उद्वीक्ष्य

20. कौमुदीमहोत्सव-…………… अतिरमणीयं कुसुम पुरम् …………… इच्छामि। (कारण + तसिल्), (अवलोकयितुम्)
उत्तर:
कारणतः, अव + लोक् + तुमुन्

21. अतः सुगाङ्गप्रासादस्य उपरि …………… प्रदेशाः संस्क्रियन्ताम्। (स्था + क्त)
उत्तर:
स्थिताः

22. कौमुदीमहोत्सव ………….. ? (प्रति + सिध् + क्त)
उत्तर:
प्रतिषिद्धः

23. यथा ………….. , चन्दनवारिणा भूमिं शीघ्र सिञ्चन्तु। (आ + दिश् + क्त)
उत्तर:
आदिष्टः

24. इदम् अनुष्ठीयते देवस्य …………….. इति। (शास् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
शासनम्

25. अयम् ……………. एव देव चन्द्रगुप्तः। (आ + गम् + क्त)
उत्तर:
आगतः

26. राज्यं हि नाम धर्म …………….. परकस्य नृपस्य कृते महत् कष्टदायकम्। (वृत् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
वृत्ति

27. नाट्येन …………….। (आ + रुह् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
आरुह्य

28. तत्कथं कौमुदीमहोत्सवः न ……………….. ? (प्र + आ + रभ् + क्त)
उत्तर:
प्रारब्धः

29. देव! न अतः परं ……………… …………….। (वि + ज्ञाप् + णिच् + तुमुन्), (शक्य:)
उत्तर:
विज्ञापयितुम्, शक् + यत्

30. न खलु आर्यचाणक्येन …………. प्रेक्षकाणाम् अतिशय ………….. चक्षुषो विषय:?(अप + हृ + क्त), (रम् + अनीयर्)
उत्तर:
अपहृतः, रमणीयः

31. आर्य! आचार्यचाणक्यं …………. इच्छामि। (दृश् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
द्रष्टुम्

32. ततः स्वभवनगतः आसनस्थः चिन्तां …………….: चाणक्यः प्रविशति। (नट् + शतृ)
उत्तर:
नाट्यन्

33. आकाशे लक्ष्य ……………। (बध् + क्त्वा)
उत्तर:
बद्ध्वा

34. अहो राजाधिराजमन्त्रिणो …………… (वि + + + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
विभूति:

35. इतः शिष्यैः: ……………. दर्भाणाम् स्तूपः। (आ + नी + क्त)
उत्तर:
आनीतः

36. अत्र ………….. समिभिः अतिनमितः छदिप्रान्तः। (शुष् + शानच्)
उत्तर:
शुष्यमाणैः

37. ………………. भित्तयः। (जीर् + क्त्)
उत्तर:
जीर्णाः

38. अतएव निस्पृह ………….. एतादृशैः जनैः राजा तृणवद् गण्यते। (त्याग + इन्)
उत्तर:
त्यागिभिः

39. भूमौ ……………. । (नि + पत् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
निपत्य

40. देव: आर्यचन्द्रगुप्तः आर्य शिरसा ……………… विज्ञापयति। (प्र + नम् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
प्रणम्य

41. तर्हि आर्य …………. इच्छामि। (दृश् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
द्रष्टुम्

42. किं ……………. कौमुदीमहोत्सव-प्रतिषेधः?। (ज्ञा + क्त)
उत्तर:
ज्ञातः

43. स्वयमेव देवेन ……………. । (अव + लोक् + क्त)
उत्तर:
अवलोकितम्

44. आः …………….. भवद्भिः एव …………….. बृषलः। (ज्ञा + क्त), (प्र + उत् + सह् + णिच् + ल्यप्) (कोपित:)
उत्तर:
ज्ञातम्, प्रोत्साह्य, कुप् +णिच् + क्त

45. भयं …………….। (नट् + शतृ)
उत्तर:
नटायन्

46. आर्य, देवेन एव अहम् आर्यस्य चरणयो ………………. । (प्र + इष् + क्त)
उत्तर:
प्रेषित:

47, नाट्येन …………………. अवलोक्य च। (आ + रुढ् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
आरुह्य

48. ……………….. विजयताम् वृषलः। (उप + सृ + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
उपसृत्य

49. वृषल! किमर्थं वयं ……………. ? (आ + ह् + क्त)
उत्तर:
आहूताः

50. आर्यस्य दर्शनेन आत्मानम् ……………… । (अनु + ग्रह् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
अनुग्रहीतुम्

51. (स्मितं कृत्वा ) …………………. तर्हि वयम् आहूताः। (उप + आ + लभ् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
उपालब्धुम्

52. नहि, नहि, ……………….. (विज्ञापयितुम्)
उत्तर:
वि + ज्ञाप् + णिच् + तुमुन्

53. यदि एवं तर्हि शिष्येण गुरोः आज्ञा ………… (पाल् + अनीयर् + टाप्)
उत्तर:
पालनीया

54. किन्तु न कदाचित् आर्यस्य (निस् + प्रयोजन + टाप्), (प्रवृत्तिः)
उत्तर:
निष्प्रयोजना, प्र + वृत् + क्तिन्

55. अतएव ………………. इच्छामि। (श्रु + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
श्रोतुम्

56. वैहीनरे! तिष्ठ तिष्ठ। न …………… (गम् + तव्यत्)
उत्तर:
गन्तव्यम्

57. आर्येण एव सर्वत्र निरुद्धचेष्टस्य में …………………. इव राज्यं, न राज्यम् इव। (बन्ध् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
बन्धनम्

58. पितृवधात् ……………….. राक्षसोपदेशप्रवण ………………. म्लेछबलेन ………………. (क्रुध् + क्त) (महत् + ईयसुन्), (परिवृत:)
उत्तर:
क्रूद्धः, महीयसा, परि+ वृत् + क्त

59. पर्वतक पुत्र: मलयकेतुः अस्मान् ……………. उद्यतः। (अभि + युज् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
अभियोक्तुम्

60. अतः इदानीं दुर्गसंस्कारः …………….. (प्र + आ + रभ् + तव्यत्)
उत्तर:
प्रारब्धव्यः

61. अस्मिन् समये किं कौमुदी-महोत्सवेन इति (प्रति + सिध् + क्त)
उत्तर:
प्रतिसिद्ध

62. राष्ट्रचिन्ता ननु ………………. (गुरु + ईयसुन् + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
गरीयसी

63. प्रथम राष्ट्र ……………….. ततः उत्सवाः इति। (सम् + रक्ष् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
संरक्षणम्

64. ……………… फलप्रदा भवति। (दूर + दृश् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
दूरदृष्टिः

65. जीवने दूरदृष्टिं विना ………………. न लभ्यते। (सफल + तल्)
उत्तर:
सफलता

66. प्रायः वयं ……………… सुखमेव पश्यामः। (तत्काल + ठक्)
उत्तर:
तात्कालिकम्

67. यः जन ……………….. भवति, सः सर्वान् पक्षान् ……………. निर्णयं करोति। (दूरदर्श + इन्), (गण् + क्त्वा)
उत्तर:
दूरदर्शी, गणयित्वा

68. पञ्चतन्त्रे विष्णुशर्मा राजपुत्रान् एतदेव ……………. प्रयत्नं करोति। (शिक्ष + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
शिक्षयितुम्

69. परन्तु यद्भविष्य: भविष्यम् कथं विनश्यति। (आ + श्रि + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
आ + श्रि + ल्यप्

70. कस्मिश्चित् जलाशये अनागत ………….. प्रत्युत्पन्न ……….. यद् भविष्यश्च त्र्योमत्स्याः वसन्ति स्म।। (वि + धा + तृच्), (मन् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
विधाता, मतिः

71. तं जलाशयं दृष्ट्वा …………… मत्स्य जीविभि. ………. (गम् + शतृ), ( वच् + क्त)
उत्तर:
गच्छभिः , उक्तम्

72. बहुमत्स्योऽयं हृदः कदापि न अस्माभिः (अनु + इष् + क्त)
उत्तर:
अन्विष्टः

73. अद्य …………………. (आहारवृत्ति + क्तिन्), (सम् + जन् + क्त + टाप्)
उत्तर:
आहारवृत् + क्तिन्, सञ्जाता

74. सन्धया-समयः अपि । (सम् + वृत् + क्त)
उत्तर:
संवृत्तः

75. ततः प्रभाते अत्र ………………… इति निश्चयः। (आ + गम् + तव्यत्)
उत्तर:
आगन्तव्यम्

76. तेषां तद् वचः ……………. अनागतविधाता सर्वान् : अवदत्। (सम् + आ + कर्ण + ल्यप्), (आ + वे + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
समाकर्त्य, आहूय

77. अहो! ………….. भवद्भिः यत् मत्स्य जीविभिः ……………? (श्रुतम्), (अभि + धा + क्त्)
उत्तर:
श्रु + क्त्, अभिहितम्

78. ……………… च। (वच् + क्त)
उत्तर:
उक्तम्

79. …………….. ……………… शत्रोः कर्तव्यम् ………………. (अशक् + क्त), (बल + इन्), (प्रपलायनम्)
उत्तर:
अशक्तैः, बलिनः, प्र + पल् + णिच् + ल्युट्

80. ………………… अथवा दुर्ग: नान्या तेषां ……………. भवेत्। (आश्रयितव्यः), (गम् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
आ + श्रि + तव्यत्, गतिः

81. प्रभातसमये ………… अत्र ……….. मत्स्यसंक्षयं करिष्यन्ति। (मत्स्यजीविनः), (सम् + आ + गम् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
मत्स्यजीव् + इन्, समागम्य

82. तन्न ………………… क्षणम् अपि अत्र ……………………. (युज् + क्त), (अव+ स्था + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
युक्तं, अवस्थातुम्

83. ………………… गतिः येषाम्। (विद्यमान + टाप्)
उत्तर:
विद्यमाना

84. अहो! सत्यम् ……………… भवता। (अभि + धी + क्त)
उत्तर:
अभिहितम्

85. उच्चैः …………… यद्भविष्यः उवाच। (वि + हस् + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
विहस्य

86. भवद्भ्यां न सम्यक् …………… (मन्त्र् + क्त)
उत्तर:
मन्त्रितम्

87. किं वाङ्मात्रेण अपि एतत् सर: ……………. युज्यते? (त्यज् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
त्यक्तुम्

88. अन्यत्र …………… अपि मृत्युः भविष्यति एव। (गम् + क्त)/गम् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
गते/गमनात्

89. अरक्षितं तिष्ठति दैव ………………. (रक्ष् + क्त)
उत्तर:
रक्षितम्

90. सुरक्षितं दैव …………….. विनश्यति। (हन् + क्त)
उत्तर:
हतम्

91. जीवति अनाथोऽपि वने ……………..। (वि + सृज् + क्त)
उत्तर:
विसर्जितः

92. भवद्भ्यां यत् प्रतिभाति, तत् ……………… (कृ + तव्यत्)
उत्तर:
कर्तव्यम्

93. अनागतविधाता प्रत्युत्पन्न मतिश्च परिजनेन सह ……………… (निस् + क्रम् + क्त)
उत्तर:
निष्क्रान्तौ

94. तैः मत्स्य ………………………. जालैस्तं जलाशयम्। …………… यद्भविष्येण सह (जीव + इन्), (आलोड्य)
उत्तर:
जीविभिः, आ + लोड् + ल्यप्

95. तत् सरो …………….: नीतम्। (निर् + मत्स्य + तल्)
उत्तर:
निर्मत्स्यताम्

96. अहो राजते ……………. इयं …………… (कीदृश + ङीप्), (हिमान + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
कीदृशी, हिमानी

97. विद्यालयस्य वार्षिकपत्रिकायां पर्वत …………… ……………… (आ + रोह् + ल्युट्), (कृ + शतृ)
उत्तर:
आरोहणम्, कुर्वताम्

98. छात्राणां चित्राणि ……………… । (प्र + दृश् + णिच् + क्त)
उत्तर:
प्रदर्शितानि

99. सर्वे छात्राः शिक्षिकाम् ………….. तस्याः यात्रायाः ………….. वृत्तान्तं अनुरोधं कुर्वन्ति। (उप + इ + ल्यप्), (ज्ञातुम्)
उत्तर:
उपेत्य, ज्ञा + तुमुन्

100. शिक्षिका तेषाम् आग्रह यात्रायाः …………….. अनुभवं प्रसतौति। (मन् + क्त्वा), (रोमञ्चकारिणम्)
उत्तर:
मत्वा, रोमाञ्चकार + इन्।

101. ……………… किन्नु खलु असाध्यम्। (दृढ़संकल्प + मतुप्)
उत्तर:
दृढ़संकल्पवताम्

102. गतवर्षे द्वादशकक्षायाः छात्रा: मम ……………. लेह-लद्दाखनगर …………….. (सम् + रक्षक + त्व), (प्रयाता:)
उत्तर:
संरक्षकत्वे, प्र + या + क्त

103. चित्राणि ………………… प्रतिभाति यत् अभियानं अतीव ……………… आसीत्। (वि + ईक्ष् + ल्यप्), (साहस + ठक्)
उत्तर:
वीक्ष्य, साहसिकम्

104. तत् सर्वं यात्रावृत्तान्तं यूयं ………………. वाञ्छथ? (दृश् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
द्रष्टुम

105. ……………… उपविशत। (शुभ् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
शोभनम्

106. एते लद्दाख ………… गिरयः अतीव शोभन्ते। (प्रदेश + ईयसुन्)
उत्तर:
प्रदेशीयाः

107. सा उपत्यका ………….. सिन्धुनदी अस्ति। (वि + भज् + शतृ + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
विभजन्ती

108. बालुका …………. सर्वां भूमिम् आवृणोति। (उत् + डी + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
उड्डीय

109. चित्रे …………….: कानि एतानि स्थलानि? (दृश् + शानच्)
उत्तर:
दृश्यमानानि

110. सिन्धूनद्या ……………… लेहनगरस्य दक्षिणपूर्वभागे एते …………….. बौद्धमठा: सन्ति। (पूर्व + तसिल्), (प्रख्याताः)
उत्तर:
पूर्वत:, प्र + ख्यै + क्त

111. किं-किम् ………………. ? ज्ञातुम् इच्छामः। (अव + लोक् + क्त), (भवत् + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
अवलोकितम्, भवत्या

112. मठाना ……………. भव्यता च प्रेक्षका आकर्षतः। (विशाल + तल्)
उत्तर:
विशालता

113. …………….. बुद्धस्य विशालकाया मूर्तिः पर्यटकानाम् आकर्षण केन्द्रम्। (भग + मतुप्)
उत्तर:
भगवतः

114. बौद्धानां …………….: जीवनं कीदृशम्? (समाज + ठक्)
उत्तर:
सामाजिक

115. मठेषु ……………. लेखाः तिब्बतशैल्या: परिचायकाः। (उत् + कीर् + क्त)
उत्तर:
उत्कीर्णाः

116. प्राकृतिकस्थलानां विषये किमपि ब्रवीतु ……………। (भवत् + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
भवती

117. भारतीयैः वीरैः यत् शौर्य ……………. यूयं जानीथ एव। (प्र + दृश् + णिच् + क्त)
उत्तर:
प्रदर्शितम्।

118. ग्रीष्मे ………….. स ………….. कृषकाणां भूमि-सेचने …………. उपकरोति। (सम् + आप् + क्त), (द्रवी + भू + ल्यप्), (भूयस् + इष्ठन्)
उत्तर:
समाप्ते, द्रवीभूय, भूयिष्ठम्

119. पर्वत …………….. ‘लिकिर’ ‘स्टाक’ नाम्नी स्थले ……………. स्तः। (आ + रोह + ल्युट्), (उप + युज् + क्त)
उत्तर:
आरोहणाय, उपयुक्ते

120. हिमं न सौभाग्य ……………. ……………..। (वि + लोप + इन्), (जन् + क्त)
उत्तर:
विलोपि, जातम्

121. विपदि …………… मानवाः सुभाषितैः आश्वासनं प्राप्नुवन्ति। (नि + पत् + क्त)
उत्तर:
निपतिताः

122. संस्कृत वाङ्मयं समधुरवचनैः सम्यग् ……………. वर्तते। (अलम् + कृ + क्त)
उत्तर:
अलङ् कृतं

123. केषाञ्चित् ” मधुरवचनानां सङ्कलनं अत्र प्रस्तूयते। (अमृतवर्षा + इन्)
उत्तर:
अमृतवर्षिणाम्।

124. एतादृशमेव सङ्क लनं यूयमपि ……………. शक्नुथ। (कृ + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
कर्तुम्

125. …………. प्रसाद सदनम्। (वद् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
वदनम्।

126. ……………… परोपकरणं येषां केषां न ते ……………. (कृ + ल्युट्), (वन्द् + यत्)
उत्तर:
करणं, वन्द्याः

127. …………… च ……………. च सदैव तिष्ठति। (+ क्त), (दा + क्त)
उत्तर:
हुतं, दत्तं

128. ये मायाविषु ………….. न भवन्ति (माया + इन्)
उत्तर:
मायिनः

129. शठाः हि निशिताः इषवः इव तथाविधान् असंवृत्ताङ्गान् ………………….घ्नन्ति। (प्रविश्य)
उत्तर:
प्र + विश् + ल्यप्

130. यदि …………. अस्ति पातकैः किम्? (पिशुन + तल्)
उत्तर:
पिशुनता

131. यदि …………… गुणैः किम्? (सुजन + ण्यत्)
उत्तर:
सौजन्यम्

132. सः चारुदत्त: उज्जयिनी …………………….. सङ्गीतविद्यायाः च प्रेमी अस्ति। (वास + इन्), (गुण + मतुप्)
उत्तर:
वासी, गुणवान्।

133. किन्नु खलु संविधा ……………. न वेति। (वि + धा + क्त + टाप्)
उत्तर:
विहिता

134. यावत् …………… शब्दापयामि। (आर्य + टाप्)
उत्तर:
आर्याम्

135. एवं …………… भोजनानां ………………… भव। (शुभ + ल्युट्), (दा + तृच् + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
शोभनानां, दात्री

136. अहम् पर्वताद् दूरम्……………. अस्मि। (आ + रोप् + ल्यप्), (पत् + णिच् + क्त)
उत्तर:
आरोप्य, पातितः

137. कञ्चिद् जनं ………………. इच्छामि। (नि + मन्त्र् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
निमन्त्रयितुम्

138. आर्य! ……………. असि। (नि + मन्त्र + क्त)
उत्तर:
निमन्त्रितः

139. सम्पन्नम् ……………… भविष्यति इति। (अश् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
अशनम्।

140. एष तत्र भवान् आर्यः चारुदत्त: गृहदैवतानि ……….. इत एवागच्छति। (अर्च् + शतृ)
उत्तर:
अर्चयन्

141. चरिका ……………. चेटी प्रविशति। (हस्त + टाप्)
उत्तर:
हस्ता

142. भो …………… खलु …………. पुरुषस्य सोच्छ्वासं …………….. (दरिद्र + ण्यत्), (मनस् + इन्), (मृ + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
दारिद्र्यम्, मनस्विनः, मरणम्

143. अलम् इदानीं भवान् अतिमात्रं …………….। (सम् + तप् + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
सन्तप्तुम्

144. न खल्वहं …………… श्रियम् अनुशोचामि। (नश् + क्त + टा)
उत्तर:
नष्टाम्

145. सुखं हि दु:खानि …………… शोभते। (अनु + भू + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
अनुभूय

146. यथा अन्धकारात् इव दीप …………….. । (दृश् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
दर्शनम्

147. सुखात् तु यो याति दशां …………..। (दरिद्र + तल्)
उत्तर:
दरिद्रताम्

148. ‘दानं श्रेयस्करम्’ इति प्रत्ययात् एव ममार्थाः क्षीणाः ………………… (जन् + क्त)
उत्तर:
जाताः

149. धनविनाशदु:खस्य पुनः पुनः …………….. चिन्ताकुराः प्रादुर्भवन्ति। (चिन्त् + शानच्)
उत्तर:
चिन्त्यमानस्य

150. ……………… विज्ञानजगत्। (आश्चर्य + मयट्)
उत्तर:
आश्चर्यमयं

151. विद्यालयस्य सूचनापट्टे (वि + ज्ञाप् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
विज्ञप्तिः

152. प्राचीनभारतीय …………… सङ्गोष्ठी भविष्यति। (वि + ज्ञा + ल्युट्), (अधि + कृ + ल्यप्), (एक + टाप्)
उत्तर:
विज्ञानम्, अधिकृत्य, एका

153. अस्माकं छात्रैः यद् विशिष्टाध्ययनं …………… (कृ + क्त)
उत्तर:
कृतम्

154. सभागारस्य …………… इदम् । (दृश् + यत्)
उत्तर:
दृश्यम्

155. अस्माकं मध्ये अद्य सर्वोत्तमान् अङ्ङ्कान्। (लभ् + क्तवतु), (सम् + उप + स्था + क्त)
उत्तर:
लब्धवन्तः, समुपस्थिताः

156. करतलध्वनिना एतेषां स्वागतम् ……………..: च कुर्वन्तु। (अभि + नन्द् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
अभिनन्दनम्

157. तृतीयाभागस्सञ्चारस्त्वन्तरिक्षे भवेत् “……………… (स्व + तसिल्)
उत्तर:
स्वतः

158. विमानशास्त्रे एतादृशः लेपः अपि वर्णित: यस्य लेपनेन विमानं …………….. गच्छति। (अदृश्य + तल्)
उत्तर:
अदृश्यताम्

159. करतलध्वनिना अभिनवस्य उत्साह – …………… कुर्वन्तु। (वृध् + ल्युट्)
उत्तर:
वर्धनम्

160. इदानीं …………… सुश्रुतस्य शल्यक्रियाम् …………. अस्माकं ज्ञानवृद्धिं करिष्यति। (शालिन् + ङीप्), (अधि + कृ + ल्यप्)
उत्तर:
शालिनी, अधिकृत्य

161. प्रिय सह ………….. ! यदि वयम् उत्तमचिकित्सका …………….. इच्छामः। (पाठ + इन्), (भू + तुमुन्)
उत्तर:
पठिनः, भवितुम्

162. तर्हि सुश्रुत …………….. सुश्रुतसंहिता अवश्यमेव ……………… (विरचित + टाप्), (पठ् + अनीयर् + टाप्)
उत्तर:
विरचिता, पठनीया

163. तत्र अष्टविधं शल्यकार्यं ……………….. यथा- ………….. ………………. आदयः। (वर्ण + क्त), (छिद् + यत्), (भिद् + यत्)
उत्तर:
वर्णितम्, छेद्यम्, भेद्यम्

164. ……………. खलु ………………. सुश्रुतस्य शल्यक्रिया। (बहुप्रसिद्ध + टाप्), (भग + मतुप्)
उत्तर:
बहुप्रसिद्धा, भगवतः

165. ……………. एव …………….. प्रस्तुतिः । (प्र + शंस् + अनीयर् + टाप्), (भवत् + ङीप्)
उत्तर:
प्रशंसनीया, भवत्याः

166. मिहिरः ………….. भूमेः अध्: कुत्र कुत्र जलं भवति इति सूचनां प्रदास्यति। (बृहत्संहिता + तसिल्)
उत्तर:
बृहत्संहितात:

167. मिहिरेण …………….. सामग्री ……………। (बहुमूल्य + टाप्), (सम् + कल् + क्त + टाप्)
उत्तर:
बहुमूल्या सङ्कलिता

168. भारती आर्यभटीयम् इति ग्रन्थस्य ……………….. वर्णयिष्यति। (विशिष्ट + ण्यत्)
उत्तर:
वैशिष्ट्यं

169. यथा मनुष्यः वृक्षादीन् पृष्ठः प्रति ……………… पश्यति। (गम् + शतृ)
उत्तर:
गच्छतः

170. तथा नक्षत्रादयः नरस्य कृते पश्चिमं प्रति ……………. प्रतीयन्ते। (धाव् + शतृ)
उत्तर:
धावन्तः

171. सः स्तम्भ: ……………. विना तथैव तिष्ठति। (वि + कृ + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
विकृतिम्

172. अहमदनगरे ……………. स्तम्भा: भारतीयवैज्ञानिकानां गौरवगाथा वर्णयन्ति। (कम्प् + शानच्)
उत्तर:
कम्पमानाः

173. इदानीम् गोष्ठी ………………….. याति। (एतत् + टाप्), (सम् + आप् + क्तिन्)
उत्तर:
एषा, समाप्ति

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sanskrit

The post CBSE Class 12 Sanskrit व्याकरणम् प्रकृति-प्रत्यय-विभाग appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Notice Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Notice is a written or printed information or news announcement. Notices are either displayed at prominent places or published in newspapers/ magazines. It is meant only for a select group. Since a notice contains a formal announcement or information, its tone and style is formal and factual. Its language should be simple and formal. Notice is always brief and to the point.

♦ Important Tips to be followed while writing a Notice

• Adhere to the specified word limit of 50 words.
• Write the word NOTICE at the top.
• Name and place of the school, organisation or office issuing the notice should be mentioned.
• Give an appropriate heading.
• Write the date of issuing the notice.
• Clearly mention the target group (for whom the notice is to be displayed).
• Purpose of the notice.
• Mention all the relevant details (date, venue, time).
• Signature, name and designation of the person issuing the notice.
• Put the notice in a box.

Format of a Notice
A NOTICE is always written in a box.

♦ Marking Scheme of Notice
format title (Notice/Heading/Place/Date/Signature with Name and Designation) 1 mark
Contents
(a) Where?
(b) When
(c) Target group
(d) Agenda
(All within 50 words) 2 marks
ExpressionCoherence, spellings and grammatical accuracy 2 marks

♦ Previous Years’ CBSE Examination Questions

♦ Short Answer Type Question s

Question 1.
As Principal of Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, Lucknow, draft notice in not more than 50 words informing students of the change in school timings with effect from the 1st of October. State valid reasons for the change. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:

Question 2.
You are Secretary of the History Club of Vidya Mandir School. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words informing students of a proposed visit to some important historical sites in your city. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:

Question 3.
As Sports Secretary of G.D.G. Public School, Pune, draft notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board informing the students about the sale of old sports goods of your school. You are Rohini/Rohit. (Delhi 2010)
Answer:

Question 4.
You have found an expensive geometry box in the school playground. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words for the school notice board. You are Ra’Rani, Class XII, Angel School, Faridabad. (Delhi 2010)
Answer:

Question 5.
You are SrinivafSrinidhi of D.P. Public School, Nagpur. As Student Editor of your school magazine, draft notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board inviting article sketches from students of all classes. (Delhi 2011)
Answer:

Question 6.
You are Secretary of Gymkhana Club, Madurai. Write a notice in not more than 50 words informing the members to attend an
an extraordinary meeting of the governing body. Include details like date, time, venue etc. Sign as PrabhufPratibha. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 7.
Due to a sudden landslide and inclement weather, St. Francis School, Vasco has to be closed for a week. As Principal of that school, draft notice in not more than 50 words to be displayed at the school main gate notice board. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 8.
You are Secretary of J.P. Narain Housing Society, R.W.A., Meerut. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words stating that the second instalment of maintenance charges falls due on 31st March 2011, and requesting the members to pay before the due date. Sign as Anil/Anita. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 9.
You are Scout Master/Guide Captain of K.R. Sagar Public School, Mysore. You have decided to send a troop of scouts and guides of your school to the jamboree to be held at Lucknow for a week. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words to be placed on the school notice board inviting the names of those scouts and guides who are interested to participate in the jamboree. Invent the necessary details. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 10.
You are Sports Secretary of Lalwani Public School, Udaipur. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board asking the students to give their names for participation in various events to be held on the Annual Sports Day of your school. Invent the details of the events. Sign as Lalit/Lalita. (All India 2011)
Answer:

Question 11.
Your school has planned an excursion to Lonavala near Mumbai during the autumn holidays. Write a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board, giving detailed information and inviting the names of those who are desirous to join. Sign as NaresfyNamita, Head Boy/Head Girl, D.V. English School, Thane, Mumbai. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:

Question 12.
You lost your Titan wrist-watch in your school. Draft a notice, in not more than 50 words, to be placed on your school notice board. You are a student of Class XII of Rani Ahalya Devi Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Sign as Rani/Ram. (All India 2012)
Answer:

Question 13.
As Student Editor, draft notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board inviting articles from the students for your school magazine. You are RohaiVRupini of Vasant Vihar School, Pune. (All India 2012)
Answer:

Question 14.
You are Smitha/Sunil, Secretary AVM Housing Society. You are going to organize a blood donation camp. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, urging the members of your society to come in large numbers for this noble cause. Invent all the necessary details. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 15.
You are Vineeta/Vikram, School Pupil Leader of Rani Laxmi Bai Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Draft a notice for your school notice board in not more than 50 words inviting the names of the students who want to participate in the cultural programme organised in aid of the victims of the recent Assam floods. (All India 2013)
Answer:

Question 16.
An interschool Kabaddi Competition is organized by your school. Write a notice, in . not more than 50 words, requesting the students to be present at the venue to encourage the players. Invent all the necessary details. You are Arjun, the sports captain of your school. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 17.
You are Smrithi Saran of Victoria Public School, Hyderabad. Your school has organized a Science Exhibition in connection with the death anniversary of Ramanujam. Write a notice in not more than 50 words inviting students to participate in it. Provide all the necessary. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 18.
You are Anoop/Arya, the cultural secretary of your school. As part of the national heritage programme, the school has decided to put up a show on ancient art forms. Write a notice to be put up on the school notice board inviting students to watch the show and encourage the artists. Write the notice in not more than 50 words. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:

Question 19.
Every year in the central part of the city a flower show is held in the month of February. Your school has received a circular from the District Collector inviting your students to visit it. Write a notice in about 50 words informing the students about the show and advising them to go and enjoy it. You are Navtej/Navita, Head Boy/Head Girl, Sunrise Public School, Surat. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 20.
Sarvodaya Education Society, a charitable organisation is coming to your school to distribute books among needy students. As Head Boy/Head Girl, Sunrise Public School, Surat, write a notice in about 50 words asking such students to drop the lists of books they need in the box kept outside the Principal’s office. You are Navtej/Navita. (D) (Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 21.
Your club is going to organise an interclass singing competition. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting names of the students who want to participate in it. Give all the necessary details. You are Navtej /Navita, Secretary, Music Club, Akash Public School, Agra. (All India 2015)
Answer:

Question 22.
An inter-class drama competition is to be held in St. Stephens School, Visakhapatnam. As Akash, Head Boy of the school draft a notice to be put up on the notice board inviting entries. Provide all necessary information in about 50 words. (Comput. Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 23.
You are Amar/Amrita, Secretary, Cultural Club, Aryamba Public School, Kochi. A charity show has been arranged in your school in aid of cancer patients. Write a notice to be displayed on the school notice board informing the students of the show and asking them to cooperate and make it a success. Draft the notice in about 50 words giving all necessary details. (Comput. Delhi 2015)
Answer:

Question 24.
Water supply will be suspended for eight hours (10 am to 6 pm) on 6th of March for cleaning of the water tank. Write a notice in about 50 words advising the residents to store water for a day. You are Karan Kumar/Karuna Bajaj, Secretary, Janata Group Housing Society, Palam Vihar, Kurnool. (Delhi 2016)
Answer:

Question 25.
Yesterday, during lunch break you misplaced your notes on chemistry lectures. You want to get them back. Write a notice in about 50 words for the school notice board. You are Karuna/Karan, a student of class XII A. (All India 2016)
Answer:

Question 26.
You are Reshma/ Rajan Head Girl/Head Boy of Moonrise Public School, Chandigarh. A cooking competition is going to take place in your school. Write a notice to be displayed on the school notice board informing the students of the competition and inviting them to participate. Draft the notice in about 50 words giving all necessary details. (Comput. D 2016)
Answer:

Question 27.
As a librarian, Moonlight Public School, Surat, write a notice in about 50 words informing the students of a book exhibition which is going to be organised in your school on Teacher’s Day. (Comput. All India 2016)
Answer:

Question 28.
While walking in a park in your neighbourhood you found a small plastic bag containing some documents and some cash. Write a notice in about 50 words to be put on the park notice board asking the owner to identify and collect it from you. You are Amai/Amrita 9399123456. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 29.
After the rains cases of dengue, Chikungunya etc., are on the rise in your city. As Principal, Sunshine Public School, Manu Vihar, you have decided to allow your students to wear full sleeve shirts and trousers in the school for a period of one month. Write the notice in about 50 words. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 30.
You are Health Secretary, Students Council, Citizens Public School, Ram Bagh, Varanasi. The Council had decided to start from the second of October week-long cleanliness drive around the school. Draft a notice in about 50 words asking the Class XI students to enrol for the drive. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 31.
RJ Public School is located in a Central Government employees residential colony. Cultural Society of the school has decided to organise a fancy dress show on 25th of January in which each participant will wear the dress particular to higher region. The aim is to show the cultural diversity of India. As Secretary write a notice in about 50 words inviting the names of those who want to participate. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 32.
An NGO has approached your school to offer book grants to needy students. As Head girl of Sunshine Public School, Aram Bagh, write a notice in about 50 words asking students who are in need to put their requests into the box kept outside the Principal’s office. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:

Question 33.
The Principal, Sunshine Public School, Dindigul has invited the Inspector of Police (Traffic) to deliver a lecture on ‘Road Safety’ in her school. Draft a notice in about 50 words informing the students to assemble in the school auditorium. (All India 2017)
Answer:

RBSE Class 10 English Notes

The post Notice Writing Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Important Questions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes

Surface Areas and Volumes Class 10 Important Questions Very Short Answer (1 Mark)

Question 1.
A sphere of diameter 18 cm is dropped into a cylindrical vessel of diameter 36 cm, partly filled with water. If the sphere is completely submerged, then calculate the rise of water level (in cm). (2011D)
Solution:
Volume of Cylinder = Volume of Sphere
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 2.
Find the number of solid spheres, each of diameter 6 cm that can be made by melting a solid metal cylinder of height 45 cm and diameter 4 cm. (2014D)
Solution:
Number of solid spheres
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 3.
A solid right circular cone is cut into two parts at the middle of its height by a plane parallel to its base. Find the ratio of the volume of the smaller cone to the whole cone. (2012OD)
Solution:
Since the cone is cut from the middle,
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 4.
Volume and surface area of a solid hemisphere are numerically equal. What is the diameter of hemisphere? (2017D)
Solution:
Volume of hemisphere = Surface area of hemisphere …[Given
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.πr³ = 2πr² ⇒ Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.r = 1
r = 3
∴ Diameter of hemisphere = 27 = 2(3) = 6 cm

Surface Areas and Volumes Class 10 Important Questions Short Answer-I (2 Marks)

Question 5.
If the total surface area of a solid hemisphere is 462 cm², find its volume. [Take π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.] (2014OD)
Solution:
Total surface area of hemisphere = 462 cm²
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Surface Areas and Volumes Class 10 Important Questions Short Answer-II (3 Marks)

Question 6.
Two cubes, each of side 4 cm are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid. (2011D)
Solution:
Length of resulting cuboid, I = 2(4) = 8 cm
Breadth of resulting cuboid, b = 4 cm
Height of resulting cuboid, h = 4 cm
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Surface area of resulting cuboid
= 2(lb + bh +hl) = 2 [8(4) + 4(4) + 4(8)]
= 2 (32 + 16 + 32) = 2 (80) = 160 cm²

Question 7.
The radii of the circular ends of a bucket of height 15 cm are 14 cm and r сm (r < 14 cm). If the volume of bucket is 5390 cm³, then find the value of r. [Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.] (2011D)
Solution:
Here h = 15 cm, R = 14 cm,'r' = r cm
Volume of bucket = 5390 cm³
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
⇒ r² + 14r + 196 - 343 = 0
⇒ r² + 14r - 147 = 0 = r² + 21r - 77 - 147 = 0
⇒ r(r + 21) - 7 (r + 21) = 0
⇒ (r + 21) (r - 7) = 0
⇒ r + 21 = 0 or r - 7 = 0 =
⇒ r = -21 (rejected) or r = 7
..[∵ Radius cannot be negative
∴ Radius, r = 7 cm

Question 8.
Two cubes each of volume 27 cm³ are joined end to end to form a solid. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid. (2011OD)
Solution:
Volume of a cube = 27 cm³
⇒ (Side)³ = (3)³ ∴ Side = 3 cm
Length of resulting cuboid, l = 2 × 3 = 6 cm
Breadth of resulting cuboid, b = 3 cm
Height of resulting cuboid, h = 3 cm
Surface area of resulting cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
= 2(6 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 6)
= 2(18 + 9 + 18) = 2(45) = 90 cm²

Question 9.
The sum of the radius of base and height of a solid right circular cylinder is 37 cm. If the total surface area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq. cm, find the volume of the cylinder. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2016D)
Solution:
Let the radius and height of cylinder be r and h respectively
r + h = 37 cm ...(i) [Given
Total surface area of cylinder = 1,628 cm²
2πr(r + h) = 1,628
⇒ 2πr(37) = 1,628
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Question 10.
A right circular cone of radius 3 cm, has a curved surface area of 47.1 cm². Find the volume of the cone. (Use π = 3.14) (2016D)
Solution:
C.S. Area of cone = 47.1 cm² ...[Given
...[Here, r = 3 cm
πrl = 47.1 = (3.14)(3)l = 47.1
Slant height, l =Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 5 cm
⇒ r² + h² = l² ...[Pythagoras' theorem
⇒ (3)² + h² = (5)² ⇒ h² = 25 - 9 = 16
⇒ h = +4 cm
Volume of the cone = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.πr²h = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. (3.14)(3)²(4)
= 3.14(12) = 37.68 cm³

Question 11.
An icecream seller sells his icecreams in two ways: (2012OD)
(A) In a cone of r = 5 cm, h = 8 cm
(B) In a cup in shape of cylinder with r = 5 cm, h = 8 cm
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He charges the same price for both but prefers to sell his icecream in a cone.
(a) Find the volume of the cone and the cup.
(b) Which out of the two has more capacity?
Solution:
Volume of type 'A'
Volume of cone + Volume of hemisphere
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(a) ∴ Volume of a cone = 471.43 cm³
Volume of a cup = 628.57 cm³
(b) Cup has more capacity.

Question 12.
A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl surmounted by a hollow cylinder of same diameter. The diameter of the hemispherical bowl is 14 cm and the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the total (inner) suface area of the vessel. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2013D)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
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r = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 7 cm
Inner surface area of the vessel = C.S. area of Hemi-sphere + C.S. area of Cylinder
= 2πr² + 2πrh = 2πr(r + h) ...C.S. area = curved surface area
= 2 × Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. × 77 + 6) = 44 × 13 = 572 cm²

Question 13.
A solid wooden toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a cone of same radius. The radius of hemisphere is 3.5 cm and the total wood used in the making of toy is 166Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. cm³. Find the height of the toy. Also, find the cost of painting the hemispherical part of the toy at the rate of ₹10 per cm². [Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.] (2015D)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
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Let the height of cone = h
Radius of cone = Radius of hemisphere = r = 3.5 cm
Volume of solid wooden toy = Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cone
Image may be NSFW.
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Image may be NSFW.
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Question 14.
Due to sudden floods, some welfare associations jointly requested the government to get 100 tents fixed immediately and offered to contribute 50% of the cost. If the lower part of each tent is of the form of a cylinder of diameter 4.2 m and height 4 m with the conical upper part of same diameter but of height 2.8 m, and the canvas to be used costs 100 per sq. m, find the amount, the associations will have to pay. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2015OD)
Solution:
Let l be the slant height of cone
h be the height of cone = 2.8 m
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 15.
A cubical block of side 10 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the largest diameter that the hemisphere can have? Find the cost of painting the total surface area of the solid so formed, at the rate of ₹5 per 100 sq. cm. (Use π = 3.14) (2015OD)
Solution:
Let the side of cuboidal block (a) = 10 cm
Let the radius of hemisphere be r.
Side of cube = Diameter of hemisphere Largest possible diameter of hemisphere = 10 cm
∴ Radius, r = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 5 cm
Total surface area = Total surface area of cube + Curved surface area of hemisphere- Area of base
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 16.
In Figure, is a decorative block, made up of two solids-a cube and a hemisphere. The base of the block is a cube of side 6 cm and the hemisphere fixed on the top has a diameter of 3.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the block. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2016D)
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Solution:
Total surface area of the block
= Total surface area of cube + C.S. Area of hemisphere - Area of circle
= 6(side)² + 2πr² - πr²
= 6(side)² + πr²
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Question 17.
A conical vessel, with base radius 5 cm and height 24 cm, is full of water. This water is emptied into a cylindrical vessel of base radius 10 cm. Find the height to which the water will rise in the cylindrical vessel. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.). (2016D)
Solution:
Let r and I be the radius and height of conical vessel i.e., 5 cm and 24 cm respectively.
Let H be the height of rise in water in cylindrical vessel and R be the radius, i.e., 10 cm.
Volume of water in cylindrical vessel = Volume of water in conical vessel
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Question 18.
A milkman was serving his customers using two types of mugs A and B of inner diameter 5 cm to Mug‘A Mug‘B' serve the customers. The height of the mugs is 10 cm. (2012D)
He decided to serve the customers in 'B' type of mug.
(a) Find the volume of the mugs of both types.
(b) Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?
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Solution:
(a) Let the radius of cylinder, hemi-sphere and cone be r сm
Let the height of cylinder and cone h₁ and h₂ respectively.
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Question 19.
From a solid cylinder of height 7 cm and base diameter 12 cm, a conical cavity of same height and same base diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of the remaining solid. [Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.] (2012D)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 20.
A wooden toy was made by scooping out a hemisphere of same radius from each end of a solid cylinder. If the height of the cylinder is 10 cm, and its base is of radius 3.5 cm, find the volume of wood in the toy. [Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.] (2013D)
Solution:
Here r = 3.5 cm = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. cm, h = 10 cm
Volume of wood in the toy = Volume of cylinder - 2(Vol. of hemisphere)
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 21.
A solid cone of base radius 10 cm is cut into two parts through the mid-point of its height, by a plane parallel to its base. Find the ratio in the volumes of the two parts of the cone. (2013OD)
Solution:
Let BC = r сm and
DE = R = 10 cm
B and C are the mid-points of AD and AE respectively. ...[Given
Image may be NSFW.
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Image may be NSFW.
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Question 22.
A solid metallic right circular cone 20 cm high and whose vertical angle is 60°, is cut into two parts at the middle of its height by a plane parallel to its base. If the frustum so obtained be drawn into a wire of diameter Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. cm, find the length of the wire. (2014D)
Solution:
A solid cone AFE has been cut by BC || FE and
AD ⊥ FE.
∆ADF = ∆ADE (SSS)
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Image may be NSFW.
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Question 23.
The largest possible sphere is carved out of a wooden solid cube of side 7 cm. Find the volume of the wood left. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2014OD)
Solution:
Volume of the wood left = Volume of cube - Volume of sphere
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 24.
In Figure, from the top of a solid cone of height 12 cm and base radius 6 cm, a cone of height 4 cm is removed by a plane parallel to the base. Find the total surface area of the remaining solid. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. and Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 2.236) (2015D)
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Let AR = 4 cm,
RD = 12 - 4 = 8 cm
Height of frustum (RD),
h = 8 cm Lower radius of frustum (DC),
r₁ = 6 cm
We know, ∆ARQ ≅ ∆ADC
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Image may be NSFW.
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Question 25.
In Figure, from a cuboidal solid metallic block, of dimensions 15 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm, a cylindrical hole of diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the surface area of the remaining block. (Use π =Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2015D)
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Solution:
Let the length, breadth, height of cuboidal block be 15 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm respectively.
Total surface area of solid cuboidal block
= 2(lb + bh + lh)
= 2(15 × 10 + 10 × 5 + 15 × 5) cm²
= 2(150 + 50 + 75) = 2(275) = 550 cm²
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Required area = (Area of cuboidal block – Area of two circular bases + Area of cylinder)
= (550 + 110 - 77) cm² = 583 cm²

Question 26.
A toy is in the shape of a solid cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and diameter of the cylindrical part are 21 cm and 40 cm respectively, and the height of cone is 15 cm, then find the total surface area of the toy. [π = 3.14, be taken] (2011D)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Height of cylinder, H = 21 cm
Height of cone, h = 15 cm
Common radius,
Image may be NSFW.
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Image may be NSFW.
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Question 27.
A cone of height 20 cm and radius of base 5 cm is made up of modelling clay. A child reshapes it in the form of a sphere. Find the diameter of the sphere. (2011OD)
Solution:
Volume of the Sphere = Volume of Cone
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∴ Diameter of the sphere = 2r₁ = 2(5) = 10 cm

Question 28.
A cylindrical bucket, 32 cm high and with radius of base 18 cm, is filled with sand. This bucket is emptied on the ground and a conical heap of sand is formed. If the height of the conical heap is 24 cm, then find the radius and slant height of the heap. (2012D)
Solution:
Let x be radius of the conical heap.
Volume of conical heap = Volume of cyl. bucket
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Question 29.
A solid metallic sphere of diameter 8 cm is melted and drawn into a cylindrical wire of uniform width. If the length of the wire is 12 m, find its width. (2013OD)
Solution:
Vol. of cylindrical wire = Volume of solid sphere
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Image may be NSFW.
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Question 30.
A well of diameter 4 m is dug 21 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread evenly all around it in the shape of a circular ring of width 3 m to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment. (2016D)
Solution:
Radius of well, r = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 2 m
Image may be NSFW.
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Radius of embankment, R = 2 + 3 = 5 m
Height of the well, h = 21 m
Required height raised
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Question 31.
A sphere of diameter 12 cm, is dropped in a right circular cylindrical vessel, partly filled with water. If the sphere is completely submerged in water, the water level in the cylindrical vessel rises by 3Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. cm. Find the diameter of the cylindrical vessel. (2016D)
Solution:
Radius of sphere, r = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 6 cm
Let h be the height of risen water level i.e., 3Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.cm or Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. cm and R be the radius of cylindrical vessel.
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 32.
A solid sphere of radius 10.5 cm is melted and recast into smaller solid cones, each of radius 3.5 cm and height 3 cm. Find the number of cones so formed. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2012 OD)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 33.
The Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.th part of a conical vessel of internal radius 5 cm and height 24 cm is full of water. The water is emptied into a cylindrical vessel with internal radius 10 cm. Find the height of water in cylindrical vessel. (2017D)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 34.
504 cones, each of diameter 3.5 cm and height 3cm, are melted and recast into a metallic sphere. Find the diameter of the sphere and hence find its surface area. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2015OD)
Solution:
Let the radius of sphere (R) = ?
Let the radius of cone (r) = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.
Let the height of cone (h) = 3 cm
Volume of metal in 1 cone = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.πr²h
Volume of metal in 504 cones
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 35.
A farmer connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm from a canal into a cylindrical tank which is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If the water flows through the pipe at the rate of 4 km per hour, in how much time will the tank be filled completely? (2014D)
Solution:
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Question 36.
Water in a canal, 6 m wide and 1.5 m deep, is flowing at a speed of 4 km/h. How much area will it irrigate in 10 minutes, if 8 cm of standing water is needed for irrigation? (2014OD)
Solution:
Speed of water = 4 km/hr
Canal, l = 4 × Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.km
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 37.
A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36 cm contains liquid. This liquid is filled into 72 cylindrical bottles of diameter 6 cm. Find the height of the each bottle, if 10% liquid is wasted in this transfer. (2015OD)
Solution:
Let the radius of hemispherical bowl,
(R) = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 18 cm
Let the radius of cylindrical bottle (r) = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 3 cm
Let the height of cylindrical bottle be h = ?
Vol. of liquid in the hemispherical bowl = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.πR³
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 38.
An open metal bucket is in the shape of a frustum of a cone of height 21 cm with radii of its lower and upper ends as 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. Find the cost of milk which can completely fill the bucket at ₹30 per litre. [Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.] (2011OD)
Solution:
Here h = 21 cm, r = 10 cm, R = 20 cm
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 39.
A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of same radius 7 cm. If the total height of the toy is 31 cm, find its total surface area. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2013OD)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
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Radius = 7 cm
Vertical height of cone,
h = 31 - 7 = 24 cm
Slant height,
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Question 40.
In Figure, a tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top of same diameter. If the height and diameter of cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 3 m respectively and the slant height of conical part is 2.8 m, find the cost of canvas needed to make the tent if the canvas is available at the rate of ₹500/sq. metre. (Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2016OD)
Image may be NSFW.
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Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
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Surface Areas and Volumes Class 10 Important Questions Long Answer (4 Marks)

Question 41.
A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere with both their radii being equal to 7 cm and the height of the cone is equal to its diameter. Find the volume of the solid. [Use π = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.) (2012D)
Solution:
Radius, r = 7 cm
Height of cone, h = 2(7) = 14 cm
Volume of solid = Vol. of hemisphere + Volume of cone
Image may be NSFW.
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Question 42.
A hemispherical tank, full of water, is emptied by a pipe at the rate of Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. litres per sec. How much time will it take to empty half the tank if the diameter of the base of the tank is 3 m? (2012OD)
Solution:
Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view.

Question 43.
Water is flowing through a cylindrical pipe, of internal diameter 2 cm, into a cylindrical tank of base radius 40 cm, at the rate of 0.4 m/s. Determine the rise in level of water in the tank in half an hour. (2013D)
Solution:
Radius of tank, r₁ = 40 cm
Internal radius of cylindrical pipe, r₂ = Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. = 1 cm
Let the height of rises water, h₁ = ?
Length of water flow in 1 second = 0.4 m
= Image may be NSFW.
Clik here to view. × 100 = 40 cm
∴ Length of water flow in 30 minutes, h₂
= 40 × 60 × 30 = 72,000 cm
Volume of water in cylinder tank
= Volume of water flow from cylindrical pipe in half an hour
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∴ Level of water in cylinder tank rises in half an hour, h₁ = 45 cm

Question 44.
150 spherical marbles, each of diameter 1.4 cm, are dropped in a cylindrical vessel of diameter 7 cm containing some water, which are completely immersed in water. Find the rise in the level of water in the vessel. (2014OD)
Solution:
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