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NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Maths Fractions Exercise 7.5

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NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Maths Fractions Exercise 7.5

Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Ex 7.5 Fractions PDF for CBSE 2020 Exams.

You can also Download NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths to help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.5

Exercise 7.5

Question 1.
Write these fractions appropriately as additions or subtractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
(a) The given figure represents the addition of
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus the given diagrams can be represented as
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
(b) The given figure represents the difference between 1 and \frac { 3 }{ 5 }.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus, the given diagrams can be represented as
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

(c) The given figure represents addition of \frac { 2 }{ 6 } and \frac { 3 }{ 6 }.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus, the given diagrams can be represented as
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 2.
Solve:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 3.
Shubham painted \frac { 2 }{ 3 } of the wall space in his room. His sister Madhavi helped and painted \frac { 1 }{ 3 } of the wall space. How much did they paint together?
Solution:
Fraction of wall painted by Shubham = \frac { 2 }{ 3 }
Fraction of wall painted by Madhavi = \frac { 1 }{ 3 }
Fraction of wall painted by Shubham and Madhavi
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus the fraction of wall painted by both = 1

Question 4.
Fill in the missing fractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 5.
Javed was given \frac { 5 }{ 7 } of a basket of oranges. What fraction of oranges was left in the basket?
Solution:
Fraction of basket of oranges = \frac { 5 }{ 7 }
Fraction of basket as a whole can be taken as 1.
∴ Fraction of basket of oranges left
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus, the required fraction = \frac { 2 }{ 7 } .

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The post NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Maths Fractions Exercise 7.5 appeared first on Learn CBSE.


NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.1

Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Exercise 7.1, Ex 7.2, Ex 7.3, Ex 7.4, Ex 7.5 and Ex 7.6 Fractions PDF for CBSE 2020 Exams.

You can also Download Class 6 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Topics and Sub Topics in Class 6 Maths Chapter 6 Integers

Section NameTopic Name
7.1Introduction
7.2A Fraction
7.3Fraction on the Number Line
7.4Proper Fractions
7.5Improper and Mixed Fractions
7.6Equivalent Fractions
7.7Simplest Form of a Fraction
7.8Like Fractions
7.9Comparing Fractions
7.9.1Comparing Like Fractions
7.9.2Comparing Unlike Fractions
7.10Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
7.10.1Adding or Subtracting like fractions
7.10.2Adding or Subtracting fractions
7.10.3How do we add or Subtract mixed fractions

Fractions Class 6 Ex 7.1

Question 1.
Write the fraction representing the shaded portion.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
(i) Total number of parts = 4
Number of shaded parts = 2
∴ Fraction = \frac { 2 }{ 4 }

(ii) Total number of parts = 9
Number of shaded parts = 8
∴ Fraction = \frac { 8 }{ 9 }

(iii) Total number of parts = 8
Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 8 }

(iv) Total number of parts = 4
Number of shaded parts = 1
∴ Fraction = \frac { 1 }{ 4 }

(v) Total number of parts = 7
Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction = \frac { 3 }{ 7 }

(vi) Total number of parts = 12
Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction = \frac { 3 }{ 12 }

(vii) Total number of parts = 10
Number of shaded parts = 10
∴ Fraction = \frac { 10 }{ 10 }

(viii) Total number of parts = 9
Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 9 }

(ix) Total number of parts = 8
Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 8 }

(x) Total number of parts = 2
Number of shaded part = 1
∴ Fraction = \frac { 1 }{ 2 }

Question 2.
Colour the part according to the given fraction.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 3.
Identify the error, if any.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions =
Solution:
(a) Since the shaded part is not half.
∴ This is not \frac { 1 }{ 2 }.

(b) Since, the parts are not equal.
∴ Shaded part is not \frac { 1 }{ 4 } .

(c) Since, the part are not equal.
∴ Shaded part is not \frac { 3 }{ 4 }.

Question 4.
What fraction of a day is 8 hours?
Solution:
Since, a day has 24 hours and we have 8 hours,
∴ Required fraction = \frac { 8 }{ 24 }

Question 5.
What fraction of a hour is 40 minutes?
Solution:
Since I hours = 60 minutes
∴ Fraction of 40 minutes = \frac { 40 }{ 60 }

Question 6.
Arya, Abhimanyu and Vivek shared lunch. Arya has brought two sandwiches, one made of vegetable and one of Jam. The other two boys forgot to bring their lunch. Arya agreed to share his sandwiches so that each person will have an equal share of each sandwich.
(a) How can Arya divide his sandwiches so that each person has an equal share?
(b) What part of a sandwich will each boy receive?
Solution:
(a) Arya has divided his sandwich into three equal parts.
So, each of them will get one part.
(b) Each one of them will receive \frac { 1 }{ 3 } part.
∴ Required fraction = \frac { 1 }{ 3 }

Question 7.
Kanchan dyes dresses. She had to dye 30 dresses. She has so far finished 20 dresses. What fraction of dresses has she finished?
Solution:
Total number of dresses to be dyed = 30
Number of dresses finished = 20
∴ Required fraction = \frac { 20 }{ 30 } = \frac { 2 }{ 3 }

Question 8.
Write the natural numbers from 2 to 12. What fraction of them are prime numbers?
Solution:
Natural numbers between 2 and 12 are;
2,3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12
Number of given natural numbers = 11
Number of prime numbers = 5
∴ Required fraction = \frac { 5 }{ 11 }

Question 9.
Write the natural numbers from 102 to 113. What fraction of them are prime numbers?
Solution:
Natural numbers from 102 to 113 are;
102,103,104,105,106, 107,108, 109,110, 111, 112,113
Total number of given natural numbers = 12
Prime numbers are 103, 107, 109, 113
∴ Number of prime numbers = 4
∴ Required fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 12 } = \frac { 1 }{ 3 }

Question 10.
What fraction of these circles have X’s in them?
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
Total number’of circles = 8
Number of circles having X’s in them = 4
Required fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 8 } = \frac { 1 }{ 2 }

Question 11.
Kristin received a CD player for her birthday. She bought 3 CDs and received 5 others as gifts. What fraction of her total CDs did she buy and what fraction did she receive as gifts?
Solution:
Number of CDs bought by her from the market = 3
Number of CD’s received as gifts = 5
∴ Total number of CDs = 3 + 5 = 8
∴ Fraction of CD (bought) = \frac { 3 }{ 8 } and the fraction of CDs (gifted) = \frac { 5 }{ 8 }

Fractions Class 6 Ex 7.2

Question 1.
Draw number lines and locate the points on them.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
We have divided the number line from 0 to 1 into four equal parts.
C represents \frac { 2 }{ 4 } i,e., \frac { 1 }{ 2 }
B represents \frac { 1 }{ 4 }
D represents \frac { 3 }{ 4 }
and E represents \frac { 4 }{ 4 } , i.e., 1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
We have divided the number line from 0 to 1 into eight equal parts.
B represents \frac { 1 }{ 8 }
C represents \frac { 2 }{ 8 }
D represents \frac { 3 }{ 8 }
and H represents \frac { 7 }{ 8 }

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
From the above number line, we have
C represents \frac { 2 }{ 5 }
D represents \frac { 3 }{ 5 }
E represents \frac { 4 }{ 5 }
and I represents \frac { 8 }{ 5 }

Question 2.
Express the following as mixed fractions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 3.
Express the following as improper fractions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Fractions Class 6 Ex 7.3

Question 1.
Write the fractions. Are all these fractions equivalent?
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Since all the fractions in their simplest form are not equal.
∴ They are not equivalent fractions.

Question 2.
Write the fractions and pair up the equivalent fractions from each row.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
The following pairs fractions:represent the equivalent fractions.
(a) and (ii) = \frac { 1 }{ 2 }
(b) and (iv) = \frac { 2 }{ 3 }
(c) and (i) = \frac { 1 }{ 3 }
(d) and (v) = \frac { 1 }{ 4 }
(e) and (iii) = \frac { 3 }{ 4 }

Question 3.
Replace NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions in each of the following by the correct number:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 4.
Find the equivalent fraction of \frac { 3 }{ 5 } having
(a) denominator 20
(b) numerator 9
(c) denominator 30
(d) numerator 27
Solution:
(a) Here, we require denominator 20.
Let N be the numerator of the fractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
∴ The required fraction is \frac { 12 }{ 20 }

(b) Here, we required numerator 9.
Let D be the denominator of the fraction.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
∴ The required fraction is \frac { 9 }{ 15 }.

(c) Here, we required denominator 30.
Let N be the numerator of the fraction.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
∴ The required fraction is \frac { 18 }{ 30 }.

(d) Here, we required numerator 27.
Let D be the denominator of the fraction.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
∴ The required fraction is \frac { 27 }{ 45 }.

Question 5.
Find the equivalent fraction of \frac { 36 }{ 48 } with
(a) numerator 9
(b) denominator 4
Solution:
(a) Given that numerator = 9
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
So, the equivalent fraction is \frac { 9 }{ 12 }.

(b) Given that denominator = 4
\frac { N }{ 4 } = \frac { 36 }{ 48 } ⇒ N x 48 = 4 x 36
⇒ N = \frac { 4 x 36 }{ 48 } = 3
So, the equivalent fraction is \frac { 3 }{ 4 } .

Question 6.
Check whether the given fractions are equivalent:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
(a) \frac { 5 }{ 9 } and \frac { 30 }{ 54 }
We have 5 x 54 = 270
and 9 x 30 = 270
Here 5 x 54 = 9 x 30
\frac { 5 }{ 9 } and \frac { 30 }{ 54 } are equivalent fractions.

(b) \frac { 3 }{ 10 } and \frac { 12 }{ 50 }
We have 3 x 50 = 150
and 10 x 12 = 120
Here 3 x 50 ≠ 10 x 12
\frac { 3 }{ 10 } and \frac { 12 }{ 50 } are not equivalent fractions.

(c) \frac { 7 }{ 13 } and \frac { 5 }{ 11 }
We have 7 x 11 = 77 and 5 x 13 = 65
Here 7 x 11 ≠ 5 x 13
\frac { 7 }{ 13 } and \frac { 5 }{ 11 } are not equivalent fractions.

Question 7.
Reduce the following fractions to simplest form:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 8.
Ramesh had 28 pencils, Sheelu had 50 pencils and Jamaal had 80 pencils. After 4 months, Ramesh used up 10 pencils, Sheelu used up 25 pencils and Jamaal used up 40 pencils. What fraction did each use up? Check if each has used up an equal fraction of her/his pencils.
Solution:
Ramesh used up 10 pencils out of 20 pencils.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Sheelu used up 25 pencils out of 50 pencils.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Jamaal used up 40 pencils out of 80 pencils.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Yes, each has used up an equal fractions, i.e., \frac { 1 }{ 2 }.

Question 9.
Match the equivalent fractions and write two more for each.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Two additional examples of equivalent fractions are
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Two additional examples of equivalent fractions are
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Two additional examples of equivalent fractions are
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Two additional examples of equivalent fractions are
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Two additional examples of equivalent fractions are
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Fractions Class 6 Ex 7.4

Question 1.
Write shaded portion as fraction. Arrange them in ascending and descending order using correct sign ‘<‘, ‘=’, ‘>’ between the fractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
(c) Show \frac { 2 }{ 4 } , \frac { 4 }{ 6 } , \frac { 8 }{ 6 } and \frac { 6 }{ 6 } on the number line. Put appropriate signs between the fractions given.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
(a) Total number of divisions = 8
(i) Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction = \frac { 3 }{ 8 }

(ii) Total number of divisions = 8
Number of shaded parts = 6
∴ Fraction = \frac { 6 }{ 8 }

(iii) Total number of divisions = 8
Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 8 }

(iv) Total number of divisions = 8
Number of shaded part = 1
∴ Fraction = \frac { 1 }{ 8 }
Now the fractions are:
\frac { 3 }{ 8 }, \frac { 6 }{ 8 }, \frac { 4 }{ 8 } and \frac { 1 }{ 8 } with same denominator.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
(b)(i) Total number of divisions = 9
Number of shaded parts = 8
∴ Fraction = \frac { 8 }{ 9 }
(ii) Total number of divisions = 9
Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction = \frac { 4 }{ 9 }
(iii) Total number of divisions = 9
Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction = \frac { 3 }{ 9 }
(iv) Total number of divisions = 9
Number of shaded parts = 6
∴ Fraction = \frac { 6 }{ 9 }
∴ Fractions are \frac { 8 }{ 9 }, \frac { 4 }{ 9 }, \frac { 3 }{ 9 }, \frac { 6 }{ 9 } with same denominator.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 2.
Compare the fractions and put an appropriate sign.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, denominators of the two fractions are same and 3 < 5.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, numerators of the fractions are same and 7 > 4.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, denominators of the two fractions are same and 4 < 5.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, numerators of the two fractions are same and 5 < 7.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 3.
Make five more such pairs and put appropriate signs.
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 4.
Look at the figures and write ’<’, or ’>’ ’=’ between the given pairs of fractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Make five more such problems and solve them with your friends
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Make five more such problems yourself and solve them with your friends.

Question 5.
How quickly can you do this? Fill appropriate sign. ‘<‘, ‘=’, ‘>’.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Question 6.
The following fractions represent just three different numbers. Separate them into three groups of equivalent fractions, by changing each one to its simplest form.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Now grouping the above fractions into equivalent fractions, we have
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 7.
Find answers to the following. Write and indicate how you solved them.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
By cross-multiplying, we get
5 x 5 = 25 and 4 x 9 = 36
Since 25 ≠ 36
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
By cross-multiplying, we get
9 x 9 = 81 and 16 x 5 =80
Since 81 ≠ 80
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
By cross-multiplying, we get
4 x 20 = 80 and 5 x 16 = 80
Since 80 = 80
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
By cross-multiplying, we get
1 x 30 = 30 and 4 x 15 = 60
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 8.
Ila read 25 pages of a book containing 100 pages.
Lalita read \frac { 2 }{ 5 } of the same book. Who read less?
Solution:
Ila reads 25 pages out of 100 pages.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Lalita reads \frac { 2 }{ 5 } of the same book.
Comparing \frac { 1 }{ 4 } and \frac { 2 }{ 5 } , we get
1 x 5 = 5 and 2 x 4 = 8
Since 5 < 8
\frac { 1 }{ 4 } < \frac { 2 }{ 5 }
Hence Ila reads less pages.

Question 9.
Rafiq exercised for \frac { 3 }{ 6 } of an hour, while Rohit exercised for \frac { 3 }{ 4 } of an hour. Who exercised for a longer time?
Solution:
Rafiq exercised for \frac { 3 }{ 6 } of an hour.
Rohit exercised for \frac { 3 }{ 4 } of an hour.
Comparing \frac { 3 }{ 6 } and \frac { 3 }{ 4 } , we get
3 x 4 = 12 and 3 x 6 = 18
Since 12 < 18
\frac { 3 }{ 4 } > \frac { 3 }{ 6 }
Hence Rohit exercised for longer time.

Question 10.
In a class A of 25 students, 20 passed in first class, in another class B of 30 students, 24 passed in first class. In which class was a greater fraction of students getting first class?
Solution:
In class A, 20 students passed in first class out of 25 students.
∴ Fraction of students getting first class
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
In class B, 24 students passed in first class out of 30 students.
∴ Fraction of students getting first class
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Comparing the two fractions, we get \frac { 4 }{ 5 } = \frac { 4 }{ 5 }
Hence, both the class A and B have the same fractions.

Fractions Class 6 Ex 7.5

Question 1.
Write these fractions appropriately as additions or subtractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
(a) The given figure represents the addition of
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus the given diagrams can be represented as
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
(b) The given figure represents the difference between 1 and \frac { 3 }{ 5 }.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus, the given diagrams can be represented as
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

(c) The given figure represents addition of \frac { 2 }{ 6 } and \frac { 3 }{ 6 }.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus, the given diagrams can be represented as
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 2.
Solve:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 3.
Shubham painted \frac { 2 }{ 3 } of the wall space in his room. His sister Madhavi helped and painted \frac { 1 }{ 3 } of the wall space. How much did they paint together?
Solution:
Fraction of wall painted by Shubham = \frac { 2 }{ 3 }
Fraction of wall painted by Madhavi = \frac { 1 }{ 3 }
Fraction of wall painted by Shubham and Madhavi
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus the fraction of wall painted by both = 1

Question 4.
Fill in the missing fractions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 5.
Javed was given \frac { 5 }{ 7 } of a basket of oranges. What fraction of oranges was left in the basket?
Solution:
Fraction of basket of oranges = \frac { 5 }{ 7 }
Fraction of basket as a whole can be taken as 1.
∴ Fraction of basket of oranges left
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus, the required fraction = \frac { 2 }{ 7 } .

Fractions Class 6 Ex 7.6

Question 1.
Solve
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Question 2.
Sarita bought \frac { 2 }{ 5 } metre of ribbon and Lalita \frac { 3 }{ 4 } metre of ribbon. What is the total length of the ribbon they bought?
Solution:
Length of ribbon bought by Sarita = \frac { 2 }{ 5 } metre
Length of ribbon bought by Lalita = \frac { 3 }{ 4 } metre
∴ Length of ribbon bought by Sarita and Lalita
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence, the required length = \frac { 23 }{ 20 } metre

Question 3.
Naina was given 1\frac { 1 }{ 2 } piece of cake and Najma was given 1\frac { 1 }{ 3 } piece of cake. Find the total amount of cake was given to both of them.
Solution:
Piece of cake given to Naina = 1\frac 1{ 1 }{ 2 }
Piece of cake given to Najma = 1\frac 1{ 1 }{ 3 }
Piece of cake given to Naina and Najma
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence the total amount of piece given to both = 2\frac { 5 }{ 6 }.

Question 4.
Fill in the boxes:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, missing number is \frac { 1 }{ 4 } more than \frac { 5 }{ 8 } .
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, missing number is \frac { 1 }{ 2 } more than \frac { 1 }{ 5 } .
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Here, missing number is \frac { 1 }{ 6 } less than \frac { 1 }{ 2 }.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 5.
Complete the addition-subtraction box.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Thus the box may be completed as follows:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 6.
A piece of wire \frac { 7 }{ 8 } metre long broke into two pieces. One piece was \frac { 1 }{ 4 } metre long. How long is the other piece?
Solution:
Total length of the wire = \frac { 7 }{ 8 } metre
Length of one piece of wire = \frac { 1 }{ 4 } metre
∴ Length of the other piece = \frac { 7 }{ 8 }\frac { 1 }{ 4 }
LCM of 8 and 4 = 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence, the length of the other piece = \frac { 5 }{ 8 } metre.

Question 7.
Nandini’s house is \frac { 9 }{ 10 } km from her school. She walked some distance and then took a bus for \frac { 1 }{ 2 }km to reach the school. How far did she walk?
Solution:
Total distance from house to school = \frac { 9 }{ 10 } km.
Distance travelled by Nandini by bus = \frac { 1 }{ 2 } km
∴ Distance travelled by her on foot
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence, the distance travelled by her on foot = \frac { 2 }{ 5 }km.

Question 8.
Asha and Samuel have bookshelves of the same size partly filled with books. Asha’s shelf is \frac { 5 }{ 6 } th full and Samuel’s shelf is \frac { 2 }{ 5 } th full. Whose bookshelf is more full? By what fraction?
Solution:
Asha’s shelf is \frac { 5 }{ 6 } th full
and Samuel’s shelf is \frac { 2 }{ 5 } th full
Comparing \frac { 5 }{ 6 } and \frac { 2 }{ 5 }
LCM of 6 and 5 = 30
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence, Asha’s shelf is full more than Samuel’s shelf.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence, \frac { 13 }{ 30 } th fraction is more full of Asha’s shelf.

Question 9.
Jaidev takes 2\frac { 1 }{ 5 } minutes to walk across the school ground. Rahul takes \frac { 7 }{ 4 } minutes to do the same. Who takes less time and by what fraction?
Solution:
Jaidev takes 2\frac { 1 }{ 5 } minutes 5
Rahul takes 2\frac { 7 }{ 4 } minutes
Comparing 2\frac { 1 }{ 5 } minutes and \frac { 7 }{ 4 } minutes
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
So, the time take to cover the same distance by Rahul is less than that of Jaidev.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Hence, Rahul takes \frac { 9 }{ 20 } minutes less to across the school ground.

 

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NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Maths Fractions Exercise 7.2

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NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Maths Fractions Exercise 7.2

Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Ex 7.2 Fractions PDF for CBSE 2020 Exams.

You can also Download NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths to help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions Ex 7.2

Exercise 7.2

Question 1.
Draw number lines and locate the points on them.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
We have divided the number line from 0 to 1 into four equal parts.
C represents \frac { 2 }{ 4 } i,e., \frac { 1 }{ 2 }
B represents \frac { 1 }{ 4 }
D represents \frac { 3 }{ 4 }
and E represents \frac { 4 }{ 4 } , i.e., 1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
We have divided the number line from 0 to 1 into eight equal parts.
B represents \frac { 1 }{ 8 }
C represents \frac { 2 }{ 8 }
D represents \frac { 3 }{ 8 }
and H represents \frac { 7 }{ 8 }

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
From the above number line, we have
C represents \frac { 2 }{ 5 }
D represents \frac { 3 }{ 5 }
E represents \frac { 4 }{ 5 }
and I represents \frac { 8 }{ 5 }

Question 2.
Express the following as mixed fractions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

Question 3.
Express the following as improper fractions:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 7 Fractions

NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-6-Maths-Fractions-Exercise-7.2-01
NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-6-Maths-Fractions-Exercise-7.2-02
NCERT-Solutions-For-Class-6-Maths-Fractions-Exercise-7.2-03

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Outside Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Outside Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks : 100

General Instructions:

  • All questions are compulsory. This questions paper has 27 questions in all. There are five sections in this question paper.
  • Section A contains Questions number 1-5 of 1 mark each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 20 words each.
  • Section B contains Questions number 6-10 of 2 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 40 words each.
  • Section C contains Questions number 11-16 of 4 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
  • Section D contains Questions number 17-21 of 5 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 150 words each.
  • In Section D Question number 21 is a map-based question. Write its answer in your answer-book.
  • Section E contains Question number 22-27 of 6 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 150 words each.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Outside Delhi Set – I

Question 1.
What is the main reason for beginning of the US hegemony in 1991? [1]
Answer:
US hegemony began in 1991 after Soviet power disappeared from the international scene. US exhibited its hegemony in Gulf War when it interrupted and used its military power to influence the participant countries.

Question 2.
Define the word ‘Band wagon Strategy’ [1]
Answer:
Bandwagoning in international relations occurs when a state aligns with a stronger state to take advantage of the opportunity that its hegemony creates such as raising economic growth, increasing trade and investment.

Question 3.
Correct the following sentence and rewrite in your answer book. [1]
The International Monetary Fund has five members countries and they enjoy equal status.
Answer:
The International Monetary Fund has 189 member countries and they do not enjoy equal status.

Question 4.
Mention any two new threats to the security of a state. [1]
Answer:

  • Terrorism and
  • Poverty

Question 5.
Who was popularly known as ‘The Milkman of India?’ [1]
Answer:
Dr. Verghese Kurien.

Question 6.
What was the Bombay Plan? [1]
Answer:
The Bombay Plan is the name commonly given to a World War II-era set of proposals for the development of the post-independence economy of India. The plan, published in 1944/1945 by eight leading Indian industrialists, proposed state intervention in the economic development of the nation after independence from the United Kingdom.

Question 7.
Name the two main contenders who contested the elections for the post of President of India in 1969. [1]
Answer:

  • V.V. Giri and
  • N. Sanjeeva Reddy.

Question 8.
Who led the Railway Strike in 1974? What was its main demand? [1]
Answer:
1974 Railway Strike in India was the strike by workers of Indian’ Railways in 1974. The strike was held to demand a raise in pay scale, which had remained stagnant over many years. The President of the All India Railwaymen’s Federation. George Fernandes led the strike.

Question 9.
Which organization of Assam led the movement against foreign nationals in 1979? [1]
Answer:
All India Assam Students’ Union.

Question 10.
Shetkari Sanghatana and Rayat Sangha belonged to which two respective states? [1]
Answer:

  • Maharashtra and
  • Karnataka.

Question 11.
Which were the two important features of the Soviet system? [2]
Answer:

  • The Soviet system centered around one party and no other political party of opposition was allowed.
  • The system was bureaucratic and authoritarian, the economy was planned and controlled by the state.

Question 12.
State any two consequences of the “largest garage sale” in the history. [2]
Answer:

  • It meant the end of cold war confrontations. The ideological dispute over whether the socialist system would beat the capitalist system was not an issue any more.
  • Power relations in world politics changed and, therefore, the relative influence of ideas and institutions also changed.

Question 13.
What is meant by hegemony? [2]
Answer:
Hegemony is an international system with only one centre of power. Countries and groups of countries are engaged constantly try to gain and – retain power. This power is in the form of military domination, economic power, political clout and cultural superiority.

Question 14.
Name any four main organs of the United Nations. [2]
Answer:

  • General Assembly
  • Security Council
  • Economic and Social Council
  • International Court of Justice.

Question 15.
What is meant by the non-traditional notion of security? [2]
Answer:
Non-traditional notion of securin go beyond military threats to include a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of human existence. They begin by questioning the traditional referent of security. In doing so, they also question the other three elements of security—what is being secured, from what kind of threats and the approach to security.

Question 16.
Mention any two merits of Green Revolution.
Answer:
Two merits of Green Revolution are :

  • Production increased due to intensive use of scientific methods in agriculture. It helped in increasing the production of rice remarkably.
  • Financial condition of farmers were improved because of surplus production. Even small and marginal scale farmers got benefit from this.

Question 17.
Mention any two important features of Bharatiya Jana Sangh’s ideology. [2]
Answer:
Two important features of Bharatiya Jana Sangh’s ideology:

  • It emphasized the idea of one country, one culture and one nation.
  • It was opposed to the granting of concession to religious and cultural minorities.

Question 18.
What were the two main consequences of Indo- Pakistan conflict of 1971? [2]
Answer:
Two main consequences of Indo-Pakistan conflict of 1971 :

  • The first and most lasting consequence of the war was ‘the partition of Pakistan’. The East Pakistan was converted to a free nation ‘Bangladesh’.
  • Recognition of India as a major power in South east Asia and surrender of the Pakistan army along with signing a surrender document.

Question 19.
Highlight any two issues that dominate the politics of North-East India. [2]
Answer:
(i) Issues of governance: The Indian government’s past and ongoing processes of national integration, state building and democratic consolidation have further aggravated the conflict scenario in the region.

(ii) Demand for autonomy: Leaders of the major tribal communities wanted to separate from Assam. They formed the Eastern India Tribal Union which later transformed into a more comprehensive All Party Hill Leaders Conference in 1960.

Question 20.
What does a coalition of government mean? Mention any one example of such a government. [2]
Answer:
A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate, to form majority in Lok sabha and government at the centre. At the national level India’s first ever coalition government was formed under the Prime Ministership of Morarji Desai which existed from 24th March, 1977 to 15th July, 1979 headed by the Janata Party. The first successful coalition government in India which completed the whole 5-year term was the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance with Atal Bihari Bajpayee as Prime Minister from 1999-2004. (Anyone example)

Question 21.
Why is the policy of non-alignment of India criticized? Explain any two reasons. [4]
Answer:
India has played a significant role in shaping the Non-aligned movement which began as a collective and constructive response of the newly liberated masses of Asia, Africa, Caribbean and Latin America. The movement is responsible for inculcating self-esteem to these newly liberated countries and to a great extent is responsible for the creation of more just and equitable world order. NAM has failed to help promote peace and many of its members have been involved in internal and external violence (for example NAM could not stop or prevent the civil war in Cambodia, or the war between Iran and Iraq). NAM has also been unable to bear on lingering disputes such as the conflict and the problems in Kashmir, causing tensions between Pakistan and India or in Cyprus which is resulting in tensions between Turkey and Greece.

Question 22.
Explain any four factors which make the European Union a highly influential organization. [4]
Answer:
Any four factors which make the European Union a highly influential organization:

  • Its share of world trade is three times larger than that of the U.S.
  • Its military power is the second largest in the world. It is the world’s second most important source of space and communication technology.
  •  Its currency Euro poses a threat to the dominance of the U.S. dollar.
  • Before 2019, 2 members of Eu-Britain and France were permanent members of UN Security Council. At present, France continues to single-handedly held the steering wheel of power and influence.

Question 23.
Explain the hegemony of United States as a hard power.
Answer:
The bedrock of contemporary US power ‘ lies in the overwhelming superiority of its military power. American military dominance today is both absolute and relative. In absolute terms, the US today has military capabilities that can reach any point on the planet accurately, in real time, thereby crippling the adversary while its own forces are sheltered to the maximum extent possible from the dangers of war. The military dominance of the US is not just based on higher military spending, but on a qualitative gap, a technological chasm that no other power can at present conceivably span. There are five commands of US military and these are not limited to the area of the United States only. In fact, it extends to include the whole world. This clearly shows the US Hegemony as a Hard Power.

Question 24.
Describe India’s relation with China from Independence to 1962. [4]
Answer:
India began its relations with China on a friendly note and signed the Panchsheel treaty based on five principles of peaceful co-existence in 1954. The China invasion of India in 1962 strained the relations, dented India’s image and also that of Nehru and the congress. The war alerted the Indian leadership about the development of isolated regions of North East India. The growing rift between China and Soviet Union resulted in the split of the Communist Party of India and marked the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).

Question 25.
State any four criteria that have been proposed in recent years for new permanent and non-permanent members of the U.N. Security Council. [4]
Answer:
Reforms of the U.N. Security Council encompassed some key issues like categories of membership, veto power, regional representation etc. Some of the criteria proposed for new permanent and non-permanent members of the security council are: A new member should be :

  • A major economic and military power.
  • A substantial contributor to the U.N. budget.
  • A big notion in terms of population.
  • A nation that represents democracy and human rights.

Question 26.
Explain any four factors responsible for the development of globalization. [4]
Answer:
(i) Information technology: The Internet has transformed commerce by creating new ways for retailers and their customers to complete transactions. Internet-based communication system made things easier.

(ii) World Trade organization: The World Trade Organization plays a vital role in reducing barriers to trade in services and goods. Globalisation has encouraged countries to negotiate trade agreements but this has been possible only because of the role by World Trade organisation Trade agreements and trade blocs among countries. Countries engaging in trade agreements increase access to foreign markets of their products.

(iii) Human migration: Human migration involves physical movement of humans from one area to another. Since World War I, the cost of migration has continued to decline which has made it easier for individuals to travel to other nations. Reasons that people choose to move their families to another country include wars, political conflicts or seeking better employment opportunities. Globalisation as a process is boosted because of this migration.

(iv) Transportation: Transportation is necessary to connect international trade with domestic consumption and production. Improvements in transportation have made it possible to deliver fresh items quickly to other countries, which has made globalisation possible.

Question 27.
Who founded the Swatantra Party in 1959? Describe any three policies and programmers of this party. [4]
Answer:
The Swatantra Party was an Indian conservative political party that existed from 1959 to 1974. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari, the party stood out from other parties in terms of its position on economic issue.
(i) The party wanted the government to be less involved in controlling the economy. It believed that prosperity could only be achieved through individual freedom.

(ii) The Party clearly and openly declared its opposition to “Socialism”: which it described as “State Capitalism”, and its mission was to “Save Freedom”, “Preserve Family Economy”, “Restore Fundamental Rights” and to provide the country “A Democratic Alternative”. “For Farm, Family” and Freedom” became the signature slogan of the Swatantra Party.

(iii) It was critical of the development strategy of the state intervention in the economy, centralized planning, nationalization and the public sector. Instead it favoured expansion of private sector.

Question 28.
Explain India’s nuclear policy. [4]
Answer:
India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and refused to sign it. When India conducted its first nuclear test, it was termed as a peaceful explosion. India argued that it was committed to the policy of using nuclear power only for peaceful purpose. Nehru had always put his faith in science and technology for rapidly building a modern India. A significant component of his industrialisation plans was the nuclear programme initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha. India wanted to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Nehru was against nuclear weapons. So he pleaded with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear disarmament.

Question 29.
What reasons, do you think, were responsible for the declaration of emergency in 1975? Examine any two reasons. [4]
Answer:
Two reasons responsible for the declaration of emergency:
(i) During the period of 1973-75, political unrest against the Indira-led government was at its peak. The Supreme Court found many initiatives of the government unconstitutional. The opposition parties led by Jay Prakash Narayan announced a nationwide Satyagraha for Indira’s resignation on grounds that she had used the services of government servants in her election campaign. This threatened to bring the government activities to a standstill.

(ii) The government cited threats to national security, as a war with Pakistan had recently been concluded and the strikes and protests had hurt the economy of the country. Due to internal threats and disturbances, the government decided to declare an emergency.

Question 30.
In the given political outline map of India, four states have been marked A, B, C, D. Identify them with the help of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book with their respective serial numbers and the alphabets concerned : [4]
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Outside Delhi 1
(i) State from where Chipko Movement began
(ii) State related to Operation Blue Star
(iii) State which was liberated from the control of Portugal in December 1961.
(iv) State which has given a special status under Article 370.
Answer:

(i)CUttarakhand
(ii)APunjab
(iii)DGoa
(iv)BJammu and Kashmir

Question 31.
Study the passage given below carefully and answer the questions follow:
The collapse of communism was followed in most of these countries by a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. Privatization of state assets and corporate ownership patterns were to be immediately brought in. [6]
Questions:
(i) Why was the process of transition been described as painful?
(ii) Which political system existed before the transition and which system replaced it, if any?
(iii) What does privatization imply?
OR
Study the passage given below carefully and answer the questions follow :
The two superpowers were keen on expanding their spheres of influence in different parts of
the world. In a world sharply divided between the two alliance systems, a state was supposed to remain tied to its protective super-power to limit the influence of the other superpower and its allies. Most countries of Western Europe sided with the US and those of Eastern Europe joined the Soviet camp.
Questions:
(i) Name the two Superpowers.
(ii) Why did the allies want to remain tied with one of the superpowers?
(iii) Why did the superpowers want to bring other countries into their camps?
Answer:
(i) Because democratic system has emerged due to failure of authoritarian social system.
(ii) Before the transition, the authoritarian socialist system existed and it was replaced by the Democratic Capitalist system.
(iii) The transfer of ownership of property or business from a government to a privately owned
entity represents transparency, it involves working of the economy without interference of the government.
OR
(i) USA and USSR A
(ii) To stand out in world economy, as the superpowers provides them with both military assistance and financial aid.
(iii) They wanted other countries to be in their camp because they were vital sources of oil and minerals. It gave the superpowers their territory to launch their weapons and troops and a location from where superpowers could spy on each other.

Question 32.
Explain any three environmental concerns in global politics. [6]
OR
Explain the concept of globalisation and any two reasons for resistance to it.
Answer:
The growing focus on environmental issues within the arena of global politics was firmly consolidated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. This was also called the Earth Summit. Major three environmental concerns in global politics are :

(i) Throughout the world, cultivable area is barely expanding any more, and a substantial portion of existing agricultural land is losing fertility. Grasslands have been over-grazed and fisheries over-harvested. Water bodies have suffered extensive depletion and pollution, severely restricting food production.

(ii) Natural forests which help stabilize the climate, moderate water supplies, and harbour a majority of the planet’s biodiversity on land are being cut down and people are being displaced. The loss of biodiversity continues due to the destruction of habitat in areas which are rich in species.

(iii) A steady decline in the total amount of ozone in the Earth’s stratosphere (commonly referred to as the ozone hole) poses a real danger to ecosystems and human health. Certain gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydro-fluoro carbons etc. are considered at least partly responsible for global warming — the rise in global temperature which may have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth.
OR
Resistance to globalisation:
The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communicational integration is Globalisation. In fact it is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of life. It is not always positive; it can have negative consequences for the people. Globalization need not be only about the economic issues, nor is the direction of influence always from the rich to the poor countries.

All over the world, the old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. However, it withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities.

Economic globalisation usually involves greater economic flows among different countries of the world. Some of this is voluntary and some forced by international institutions andpowerfulcountri.es. This flow or exchange can take various forms: commodities, capital, people and ideas. Globalization has involved greater trade in commodities across the globe.

(i) Those on the left argue that contemporary globalisation represents a particular phase of global capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer. Weakening of the state leads to a reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the interest of the poor, and thus is why globalisation should be resisted.

(ii) Critics of globalisation from the political weight express anxiety over political, economic and cultural effects. Politically, they fear the weakening of the state; economically, they want to return to self-reliance and protectionism, at least in certain areas of economy culturally, they are worried that t traditional culture will be harmed and people will lose their age-old values and ways.

Question 33.
“Congress had remained a social and ideological, coalition for a long period.” Justify the statement. [6]
OR
Access the outcome of early phase of planned development in India.
Answer:
The Congress Party evolved from its origins in 1885 as a pressure group for the newly educated, professional and commercial classes to a mass movement in the twentieth century. This laid the basis for its eventual transformation into a mass political party and its subsequent domination of the political system. Thus the Congress began as a party dominated by the English speaking, upper caste, upper middle-class and urban elite. But with every Civil Disobedience Movement, it launched, its social base widened. Peasants and industrialists, urban dwellers and villagers, workers and owners, middle, lower and upper classes and castes, all found space in the Congress. Gradually, its leadership also expanded beyond the upper caste and upper class professionals to agriculture based leaders with a rural orientation.

By the time of Independence, the Congress was transformed into a rainbow like social coalition broadly representing India’s diversity in terms of classes and castes, religions and languages and various interests. In this sense the Congress was an ideological coalition as well. It accommodated the revolutionary and pacifist, conservative and radical, extremist and moderate and the right, left and all shades of the centre. The Congress was a ‘platform’ for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to take part in the national movement.
OR
The major outcomes of the three objectives that were identified in Independent India, the third objective proved most difficult to realize. Execution of land reforms did not take place effectively in most parts of the country; political power remained in the hands of the landowning classes; and big, industrialists continued to benefit and thrive while poverty did not reduce much. The early initiatives r for planned development were at best realizing the goals of economic development of the country and well-being of all its citizens. The inability to take ‘ significant steps in this direction in the very first stage was to become a political problem. Those who benefited from unequal development soon became politically powerful and made it even more difficult to move in the desired direction.

In this period the foundations of India’s future economic growth were laid. Some of the largest developmental projects in India’s history were undertaken during this period. These included mega-dams like Bhakhra-Nangal and Hirakud for irrigation and power generation. Some of the heavy industries in the public sector—steel plants, oil refineries, manufacturing units, defense production etc. were started during this period. Infrastructure for transport and communication was improved substantially.

Question 34.
Mention any six steps taken for the restoration of dominance of the Congress Party after 1971 elections. [6]
OR
Mention any six factors responsible for defeat of the Congress Party in 1977 elections.
Answer:
In the early 1970s the government of Indira Gandhi gained popularity due to various factors such as :
(i) During this period the government made conscious attempts to project socialist credentials. In contrast to the one programme of the opposition of ‘Indira Hatao’, she put forward positive programme captured in the famous slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’.

(ii) Indira Gandhi vigourously campaigned for implementing the existing reform laws and undertook further land ceiling legislation.

(iii) Not only this, in order to end her dependence on the other political parties and to strengthen her party’s position in the Parliament and seek a popular mandate in her programmes, Indira Gandhi’s government recommended the dissolution of the Lok Sabha in December 1970.

(iv) The crisis in East Pakistan and the Indo-Pak war leading to the establishment of Bangladesh added one more feather to the popularity of Indira Gandhi.

(v) In this way, Indira Gandhi and her government was seen not only as protector of the poor and the underprivileged but also as a strong government.

(vi) Indira Gandhi through her positive programme—Garibi Hatao, focused on the growth of the public sector, removal of disparities in income and opportunities and the abolition of princely privileges.
OR
(i) The elections came after the end of the Emergency that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had imposed in 1975; it effectively suspended democracy, suppressed the opposition, and took control of the media with authoritarian measures. The opposition called for a restoration of democracy and Indians saw the election results as a repudiation of the Emergency.

(ii) Gandhi had become extremely unpopular for her decision and paid for it during the elections. On 23 January, she called for fresh elections and released all political prisoners.

(iii) Four Opposition parties, the Congress (Organization), the Jan Sangh, the Bharatiya Lok Dal and the Socialist Party, decided to fight the elections under a single banner called the Janata alliance. The alliance used the symbol allocated to Bharatiya Lok Dal as their symbol on the ballot papers.

(iv) The Janata alliance reminded voters of the excesses and human rights violations during the Emergency, like compulsory sterilization and imprisonment of political leaders.

(v) The structural factors allowed voters to express their grievances, notably their resentment of the emergency and its authoritarian and repressive policies.

(vi) One grievance often mentioned was the forced ‘Nasbandi’ (vasectomy) campaign in rural areas. The middle class also emphasized on the curbing of freedom of speech throughout the country.

Question 35.
What are popular movements? Describe any four benefits of popular movement. [6]
OR
Highlight any three issues on which a broad agreement has emerged among most of the political parties in India.
Answer:
A popular movement is a sustained collective action over time. Such action is aimed against the state and takes shape into demand for a change in state policy or practice. Any such collective action is marked by some degree of organizations. Any popular movement must have a social orientation. Thus, it can be said briefly that popular movements often arise with the aim of bringing about changes on a public issue.

  • It helps us to understand better the nature of democratic politics.
  • These movements came up to rectify some problems in the functioning of party politics and as integral part of our democratic politics.
  • They represented new social groups where economic and social grievances were not redressed in the realm of electoral politics. Popular movements ensured effective representation of diverse groups and their demands.
  • Popular Movements suggests new forms of active participation and thus broadened the idea of participation in Indian democracy.

OR
In the midst of severe competition and many conflicts, a consensus appears to have emerged among most parties:

  • Agreement or new economic policies. Most parties believe that these policies would lead the country to prosperity and a status of economic power in the world.
  • Acceptance of the political and social claims of the backward classes/castes. As a result, all political parties now support the reservation of seats for the ‘Backward classes” in education and employment.
  • Acceptance of the role of state-level parties in the governance of the country. The distinction between state level and national level parties has reduced considerably.
  • Emphasis on pragmatic considerations rather than ideological positions and political alliances. Coalition politics has shifted the focus of political parties from ideological differences to “Power sharing arrangement”.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि

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CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि

क्रिया के मूल रूप को धातु (Root) कहते हैं। विभिन्न काल तथा अवस्थाओं में, तीनों पुरुषों तथा तीनों वचनों में धातु के साथ तिङ् प्रत्ययों को जोड़ा जाता है। समस्त धातुओं को दस गणों (Classes) में बाँटा गया है तथा इन गणों के पृथक्-पृथक चिह्न (विकरण) होते हैं, जिनको तिङ् प्रत्यय से पूर्व धातु में लगाया जाता है। इन गणों के नाम तथा चिहन निम्नलिखित हैं –

CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 1

लकार – विभिन्न कालों तथा अवस्थाओं को लकार कहा जाता है। संस्कृत में कुल ग्यारह लकार हात हैं जिनमें से पाँच लकार ही हमारे पाठ्यक्रम में निर्धारित हैं।

(क) लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल, Present Tense) – भवति इत्यादि।
(ख) लङ् लकार (भूतकाल, Past Tense) – अभवत् इत्यादि।
(ग) लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल, Future Tense) – भविष्यति इत्यादि।
(घ) लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि, Imperative Mood) – भवतु इत्यादि।
(ङ) विधिलिङ् लकार (विध्यादि, Potential Mood) – भवेत् इत्यादि।

विधिलिङ् का प्रयोग नम्रतापूर्वक आदेश देने, कार्य कराने, सलाह देने, निमंत्रण देने, प्रेमपूर्वक आग्रह तथा सत्कारपूर्वक व्यापार, प्रश्न एवं प्रार्थना आदि अर्थों में होता है। यह ‘चाहिए’ अर्थ को भी प्रकट करता है।
तिङ् प्रत्यय (Tense Suffixes) धातुओं से लकारों के रूप बनाने के हेतु जो प्रत्यय जोड़े जाते हैं उन्हें तिङ् प्रत्यय कहते हैं। तिङ् प्रत्यय लगने पर शब्दों की तिङन्त संज्ञा हो जाती है। तिप् से लेकर महिङ्त क तिङ प्रत्ययों की संख्या अठारह हैं। समस्त धातुओं को अर्थ की दृष्टि से प्रायः परस्मैपद तथा आत्मनेपद-इन दो भागों में बाँटा गया है। कुछ धातुएँ उभयपदी होती हैं। नौ प्रत्यय परस्मैपद के हैं तथा नौ आत्मनेपद के।
उभयपदी क्री, कृ, ह, ज्ञा, ग्रह, शक्; इनमें से केवल दो धातुओं के लट् तथा लृट् लकारों में ही धातु-रूप पाठ्यक्रम में निर्धारित हैं।

पुरुष तथा वचन का भेद दिखलाते हुए तिङ् प्रत्ययों को निम्न तालिका के माध्यम से समझा जा सकता है –

तिङ्, परस्मैपद
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 2

तिङ्, आत्मनेपद
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 3

लकारों के अनुसार तिङ् प्रत्ययों का स्वरूप

विभिन्न लकारों में उपर्युक्त प्रत्ययों का निम्न स्वरूप हो जाता है। जैसे –

तिङ्, परस्मैपद
लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 4

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 5

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 6

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 7

विधिलिङ्ग
(भ्वादि, दिवादि, तुदादि तथा चुरादि गणों में)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 8

(शेष गणों में)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 9

तिङ् आत्मनेपद
लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 10

लङ लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 11

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 12

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 13

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 14

विशेष –

  1. भ्वादिगण, दिवादिगण, तुदादिगण तथा चुरादिगण की धातुओं के साथ प्रत्येक लकार के उत्तम पुरुष में प्रत्यय से पूर्व आ भी लगता है जैसे-भवामि, भवावः, भवामः, दीव्यामि, दीव्यावः, दीव्यामः, तुदामि, तुदावः, तुदामः, चोरयामि, चोरयावः, चोरयामः इत्यादि।
  2. भू, पठ् आदि सेट् धातुओं के लृट् लकार में धातु के साथ इ (इट्) जुड़ जाता है। जैसे-भविष्यति, पठिष्यति इत्यादि।

पाठ्यक्रम में निर्धारित धातुओं के रूप –

I. (अ) भ्वादिगण-परस्मैपदी धातुएँ

भ्वादिगण की पठ्, भू, पा, गम्, स्था, दृश् तथा घ्रा (परस्मैपदी) धातुओं के रूप निम्नलिखित हैं। ये धातुरूप लट्, लङ्, लोट, विधिलिङ् व लृट् लकारों में ही दिए गए हैं क्योंकि पाठ्यक्रम में ये पाँच लकार ही रखे गए हैं।
भ्वादिगण में तिङ् से पूर्व अ (शप्) विकरण लगता है।

1. पठ् धातु (पढ़ना)

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 15

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 16

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 17

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 18

विधिलिङ् (विधि आदि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 19

2. भू धातु (होना)
लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 20

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 21

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 22

लोट् लकार (आज्ञार्थक)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 23

विधिलिङ् (अनुज्ञा, सलाह देना-लेना)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 24

3. पा (पिब्) धातु (पीना)

पा धातु को लट्, लङ्, लोट् तथा विधिलिङ् में “पिब्’ आदेश हो जाता है किन्तु लुट् में पा ही रहता है। जैसे –

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 25

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 26

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 27CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 28

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 29

विधिलिङ् (विधि आदि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 30

4. गम् (गच्छ) धातु (जाना)

गम् धातु को लट्, लङ्, लोट् तथा विधिलिङ् में गच्छ आदेश हो जाता है, किन्तु लट् में गम् ही रहता है।

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 31

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 32

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 33

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 34
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 35

विधिलिङ् (विध्यादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 36

5. स्था (तिष्ठ) धातु (ठहरना)
स्था धातु को लट्, लङ, लोट् तथा विधिलिङ् में तिष्ठ आदेश होता है, किन्तु लृट् लकार में ‘स्था’ ही रहता है। जैसे

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 37

लङ लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 38

लृट् लकार ( भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 39

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 40

विधिलिङ् (विध्यादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 41CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 42

6. दृश् (पश्य) धातु (देखना)

दृश् धातु को लट्, लङ्, लोट् तथा विधिलिङ् में ‘पश्य’ आदेश होता है किन्तु लृट् में दृश् ही रहता है; जैसे –

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 43

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 44

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 45

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 46

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 47

7. घ्रा (जिघ्र ) धातु (सूंघना)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 162
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 49

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 50

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 51

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 52

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 53

I. (ब) भ्वादिगण-आत्मनेपदी धातुएँ

सेव्, लभ् तथा मुद् आदि आत्मनेपदी धातुएँ हैं जिनके लट्, लङ्, लोट्, विधिलिङ् तथा लृट् लकारों में निम्न रूप बनते हैं। याच् धातु उभयपदी है, किन्तु पाठ्यक्रम में केवल आत्मनेपद के रूप ही निर्धारित हैं।

1. सेव् (सेवा करना)

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 54

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 55

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 56

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 57

विधिलिङ (विध्यादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 58

2. लभ् धातु (प्राप्त करना)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 59

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 60CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 61

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 62

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 63

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 64

3. मुद् धातु (प्रसन्न होना)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 65

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 66

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 67
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 68

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 69

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 70

4. याच् धातु (माँगना)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 71

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 72

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 73

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 74

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 75

I. (स) भ्वादिगण-उभयपदी धातुएँ

1. ह (हरना)
परस्मैपदी
लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 76

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 77

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 78

2. ह (हरना)
आत्मनेपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 79

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 80

भ्वादिगण के धातु-रूपों का वाक्यप्रयोग –

लट् लकार

सः पुस्तकं पठति। (वह पुस्तक पढ़ता है।)
तौ जलं पिबतः। (वे दो जल पीते हैं।)
ते गृहं गच्छन्ति। (वे घर जाते हैं।)
त्वं वने तिष्ठसि। (तू वन में ठहरता है।)
युवां धनिकं धनं याचथः/याचेथे। (तुम दोनों धनी से धन माँगते हो।)
यूयं चन्द्रं पश्यथ। (तुम चन्द्रमा को देखते हो।)
आवाम् यानं नयावः/नयावहे। (हम दोनों यान को ले जाते हैं।)
किं वयं विद्यां हरामः/हरामहे? (क्या हम विद्या को चुराते हैं?)

लङ् लकार

रामः पुष्पम् अजिघ्रत्। (राम ने फूल सूंघा।)
तौ राजानम् असेवेताम्। (उन दोनों ने राजा की सेवा की।)
त्वं रामायणम् अपठः। (तुमने रामायण पढ़ी।) ।
युवां दुग्धम् अपिबतम्। (तुम दानों ने दूध पीया।)
यूयं विद्यालयम् अगच्छत। (तुम विद्यालय में गए।)
अहं दिल्लीनगरे अतिष्ठम्। (मैं दिल्ली नगर में ठहर गया।)
आवां भिक्षां न अयाचावहि। (हम दोनों ने भिक्षा नहीं माँगी।)
वयं समुद्रं न अपश्याम। (हमने समुद्र नहीं देखा।)

लृट् लकार

यावत् गिरयः स्थास्यन्ति तावद् रामकथा प्रचरिष्यति। (जब तक पर्वत स्थिर रहेंगे तब तक रामकथा चलती रहेगी।)
अहं त्वां रक्षिष्यामि। (मैं तुम्हारी रक्षा करूँगा।)
आवां कन्दुकेन क्रीडिष्यावः। (हम दोनों गेंद से खेलेंगे।)
वयं प्रपञ्चं शीघ्रं त्यक्ष्यामः। (हम प्रपञ्च को शीघ्र छोड़ देंगे।)

लोट् लकार

पितरौ बालकं नयताम्। (माता-पिता बालक को ले जाएँ।)
चौराः धनानि न हरन्तु। (चोर धन न चुराए।)
त्वं गीतां पठ। (तू गीता पढ़।)
युवाम् अमृतं पिबतम्। (तुम दोनों अमृत को पिओ।)
यूयम् उपवनं गच्छत। (तुम बाग में जाओ।)
अहं कारागृहे तिष्ठानि। (मैं कारागृह में ठहरूँ।)
आवां जलं याचाव। (हम दोनों जल माँगें।)
वयं चलचित्रं पश्याम। (हम सिनेमा देखें।)

विधिलिङ्

सः राजानं सेवेत। (वह राजा की सेवा करे।)
ते मोक्षं लभेरन्। (वे मोक्ष प्राप्त करें।)
त्वम् अधुना मोदेथाः। (तुम अब प्रसन्न हो जाओ।)
अहं शास्त्रं पठेयम्। (मैं शास्त्र पढूँ।)
आवां सुखिनो भवेव। (हम दोनों सुखी होवें।)

II. अदादिगण

1. अस् धातु (होना)
(परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 81

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 82

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 83

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 84
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 85

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 86

अस् धातु के रूपों का वाक्य प्रयोग –

लट् लकार

अस्ति कश्चिद् वाग्विशेषः? (क्या कोई विशेष बात है?)
राजकुमारौ उटजे न स्तः। (दोनों राजकुमार उटज में नहीं हैं।)
अद्यत्वे ग्रहाः मंगलप्रदाः न सन्ति। (आजकल ग्रह मंगलदायक नहीं है।)
शिशुः असि खलु त्वम्। (तुम निश्चय ही शिशु हो।)
युवां स्वस्थौ न स्थः। (तुम दोनों स्वस्थ नहीं हो।)
यूयं नेतारः स्थ। (तुम नेता लोग हो।)
अहं बद्धपरिकरः अस्मि। (मैं कटिबद्ध हूँ।)
आवां तेजस्विनौ स्वः। (हम दोनों तेजस्वी हैं।)
वयं धनरहिताः स्मः। (हम धनरहित हैं।)

लङ् लकार

दशरथः अयोध्यायाः राजा आसीत्। (दशरथ अयोध्या का राजा था!)
बालकौ युद्धनिपुणौ आस्ताम्। (दोनों बालक युद्ध-निपुण थे।)
सैनिकाः दृप्ताः आसन्। (सैनिक गर्वयुक्त थे।)
त्वं क्रुद्धः आसीः। (तुम क्रुद्ध थे।)
युवां शान्तौ आस्तम्। (तुम दोनों शान्त थे।)
यूयं विद्वांसः आस्त। (तुम सब विद्वान् थे।)
अहं कार्यरतः आसम्। (मैं काम में लगा था।)
आवां गृहे आस्व। (हम दोनों घर में थे।) ।
वयं विद्यालये आस्म। (हम विद्यालय में थे।)

लृट् लकार

सः सफलो भविष्यति। (वह सफल होगा।)
तौ कुशलिनौ भविष्यतः। (वे दो सकुशल होंगे।)
ते सुखिनो भविष्यन्ति। (वे सुखी होंगे।)
त्वम् नीरोगो भविष्यसि। (तू नीरोग होगा।)
युवां धार्मिकौ भविष्यथः। (तुम दोनों धार्मिक बनोगे।)
यूयं तपस्विनो भविष्यथ। (तम तपस्वी बनोगे।)
अहं पुनः छात्रः भविष्यामि। (मैं फिर से छात्र बनूँगा।)
आवाम् अन्तेवासिनौ भविष्यावः। (हम दो आश्रमवासी होंगे।)
वयं संन्यासिनो भविष्यामः। (हम संन्यासी होंगे।)

लोट् लकार

अद्य एव मरणमस्तु युगान्तरे वा। (आज ही मृत्यु हो या युगान्त में।)
सुखदुःखे समाने स्ताम्। (सुख और दुःख समान हों।)
मेघाः जलप्रदाः सन्तु। (मेघ जल देने वाले हों।)
त्वम् आज्ञाकारी एधि। (तुम आज्ञाकारी बनो।)
युवाम् उद्योगिनौ स्तम्। (तुम दोनों उद्योगी बनो।)
यूयं मेधाविनः स्त। (तुम मेधावी बनो।)
अहं सर्वकार्येषु प्रथमः असानि। (मैं सब कामों में प्रथम होऊँ।)
आवाम् मातृभक्तौ असाव। (हम दो मातृ-भक्त बनें।)
वयं राष्ट्रसेवकाः असाम। (हम सब राष्ट्रसेवक बनें।)

विधिलिङ्

सः प्रियदर्शी स्यात्। (वह प्रियदर्शी होएँ।)
तौ मधुरभाषिणौ स्याताम्। (वे दोनों मधुरभाषी होएँ।)
ते धनाढ्याः स्युः। (वे धनी होवें।)
त्वं परिश्रमी स्याः। (तू परिश्रमी हो।)
युवाम् उद्यमिनौ स्यातम्। (तुम दोनों उद्यमी होओ।)
यूयं प्रसन्नाः स्यात! (तुम्हें प्रसन्न होना चाहिए।)
अहं सुखी स्याम्। (मैं सुखी होऊँ।)
आवाम् स्वस्थौ स्याव। (हम दोनों स्वस्थ होएँ।)
वयं निरामयाः स्याम। (हम नीरोग होएँ।)

2. हन् (मारना)
परस्मैपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 87

लङ लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 88
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 89

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 90

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 91

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 92

III. दिवादिगण

दिवादिगण में ‘तिङ्’ से पूर्व ‘य’ विकरण लगता है।

1. नृत् (नाचना, अभिनय करना) (परस्मैपदी)

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 93

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 94

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 95

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 96

विधिलिङ् (विध्यादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 97

2. क्रुध् (क्रोध करना) (परस्मैपदी)

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 98

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 99

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 100

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 101

विधिलिङ् (विध्यादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 102

दिवादिगण के धातुरूपों का वाक्य प्रयोग –

नटाः सभायां नृत्यन्ति। (नट सभा में नृत्य करते हैं।)
वयं प्रासादम् अभितः नृत्यामः। (हम महल के समीप नाचते हैं।)
राजा सेवकाय कुप्यति। (राजा सेवक पर क्रोध करता है।)
देवदत्तः सेवेकेभ्यः क्रुध्यति। (देवदत्त सेवकों पर क्रोध करता है।)

IV. स्वादिगण

स्वादिगण में ‘तिङ्’ से पूर्व नु (श्नु) विकरण लगता है।

1. श्रु (सुनना) (परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 103

लङ् लकार (भूतकाल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 104

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 157

लोट् लकार (आज्ञादि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 158

विधिलिङ् (विधि आदि)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 159

2. √ शक् (सकना) (परस्मैपद)
शक् धातु के रूप केवल लट् व लृट् लकारों में अपेक्षित हैं।

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 160

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 161

स्वादिगण के धातु-रूपों का वाक्य प्रयोग –

वह कथा सुनता है। (सः कथां शृणोति।)
तुम कथा सुनते हो। (त्वं कथां शृणोषि।)
मैं कथा सुनता हूँ। (अहं कथां शृणोमि।)
उसने कथा सुनी। (स: कथाम् अशृणोत्।)
तूने कथा सुनी। (त्वं कथाम् अशृणोः।)।
मैंने कथा सुनी। (अहं कथाम् अशृणवम्।)
वह कथा सुने। (सः कथाम् शृणोतु।)
तुम कथा सुनो। (त्वं कथाम् शृणु।)
मैं कथा सुनूँ। (अहं कथाम् शृणवानि।)
उसे कथा सुननी चाहिए। (सः कथां शृणुयात्।)
तुझे कथा सुननी चाहिए। (त्वं कथां शृणुयाः।)
मुझे कथा सुननी चाहिए। (अहं कथां शृणुयाम्।)
वह कथा सुनेगा। (सः कथा श्रोष्यति।)
तू कथा सुनेगा। (त्वं कथां श्रोष्यसि।)
मैं कथा सुनूँगा। (अहं कथां श्रोष्यामि।)
वह बोल सकता है। (सः वक्तुं शक्नोति।)
तुम लिख सकते हो। (त्वं लेखितुं शक्नोषि।)
मैं पढ़ सकता हूँ। (अहं पठितुं शक्नोमि।)

V. तुदादिगण

तुदादिगण में तिङ् से पूर्व अ (श) विकरण लगता है पर इसमें धातु का गुण नहीं होता।

1. लिख (लिखना) ( परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 105

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 106

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 107CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 108

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 109

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 110

2. स्पृश् (छूना) ( परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 111

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 112

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 113

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 114
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 115

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 116

तुदादिगणी धातुरूपों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग –

निर्धन को तंग मत करे। (निर्धनं न तुदत।)
गुरुजी से पूछो कि अशुद्धि कहाँ है? (गुरुं पृच्छ अशुद्धिः कुत्र अस्ति?)
हम दोनों मित्रता को नहीं छोड़ेंगे। (आवां मैत्री न मोक्ष्यावः।)
तुम शत्रुओं पर बम फेंको। (त्वं शत्रुषु बम्बास्त्रं क्षिपा)
मैं चाहता हूँ कि श्रीराम को मिलूँ। (अहम् इच्छामि यत् श्रीराम मिलानि।)
हम सब वृक्षों को सीचेंगे। (वयं वृक्षान् सेक्ष्यामः।)
भरत ने शेर की गर्दन के बालों को छूआ। (भरतः सिंहस्य ग्रीवायाः केसरान् अस्पृशत्।)

VI. रुधादिगण
(इस गण की कोई धातु पाठ्यक्रम में नहीं है।)

VII. तनादिगण
तनादिगण का विकरण ‘उ’ है। कृ धातु के लट् व लृट् लकारों के रूप दिए जा रहे हैं।

कृ (करना) ( उभयपदी)
परस्मैपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 117

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 118

आत्मनेपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 119

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 120

तनादिगण की प्रमुख तन् धातु के संक्षिप्त रूप –

तन् (फैलना) – तनोति, अतनोत्, तनोतु, तनुयात्, तनिष्यति
तनुते, अतनुत, तनुताम्, तन्वीत, तनिष्यते।

उपसर्ग युक्त कृ धातु के विविध रूपों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग –

सज्जनः अमित्रमपि उपकरोति। (सज्जन शत्रु का भी उपकार करता है।)
अध्यापकः छात्रान् पुरस्करोति। (अध्यापक छात्रों को पुरस्कृत करता है।)
वासना चेतः विकरोति। (वासना चित्त को विकृत करती है।)
सत्सङ्गतिः पापम् अपाकरोति। (सत्संग पाप को हटाता है।)
छात्रः अपराधं स्वीकरोति। (छात्र अपराध को स्वीकार करता है।) गृहस्थः
अतिथिं सत्करोति। (गृहस्थ अतिथि का सम्मान करता है।)
भारतीयाः शत्रुदेशम् अधिकुर्वन्ति। (भारतीय शत्रु देश पर अधिकार करते हैं।)
सः पटे मूर्तिम् आकरोति। (वह वस्त्र पर मूर्ति की रचना करता है।)
दुष्टः सज्जनं तिरस्करोति। (दुष्ट सज्जन का तिरस्कार करता है।)
स्वाध्यायः मनः संस्करोति। (स्वाध्याय मन को सुसंस्कृत करता है।)
रावणः विभीषणं गृहात् निराकरोति। (रावण विभीषण को घर से निकालता है।)
सा स्वशरीरम् अलंकरोति। (वह अपने शरीर को सजाती है।)

VIII. क्रयादिगण

इस गण में श्ना (ना) विकरण होता है। नीचे क्री, √ ज्ञा तथा √ ग्रह के रूप दिए जा रहे हैं। क्री तथा ग्रह् धातु के रूपों में ना को णा हो जाता है।

1. क्री (खरीदना) (उभयपदी)
परस्मैपद

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 121

लृट् लकार ( भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 122

लट् लकार (वर्तमान काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 123

लृट् लकार (भविष्यत् काल)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 124

2. √ ज्ञा (जानना) (उभयपदी)
परस्मैपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 125

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 126

आत्मनेपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 127

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 128

3. √ ग्रह् (पकड़ना, ग्रहण करना, लेना) (उभयपदी)
परस्मैपद

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 129

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 130

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 131CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 132

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 133

क्रयादिगणी धातुरूपों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग –

लोग गेहूँ खरीदते हैं। (लोकाः गोधूमान्नं क्रीणन्ति।)
लोगे गेहूँ खरीदते थे। (लोकाः गोधूमान्नं क्रीणन्ति स्म।)
इसे अपने हाथ में लोगे। (इदम् स्वस्मिन् करे ग्रहीष्यसे।)
हम जानते हैं कि तुमने उपहार ग्रहण नहीं किया। (वयं जानीमः यद् यूयम् उपहारं न गृह्णीथ स्मा)
गोपाल दूध बेचता है। (गोपालः दुग्धं विक्रीणाति।)
वह गुरुजन की अवज्ञा करता है। (सः गुरुजनान् अवजानाति।)
हमें सब वस्तुओं का संग्रह करेंगे। (वयं सकलान् पदार्थान् संग्रहीष्यामः।)
वृद्ध धर्म को जानते हैं। (वृद्धाः धर्मं जानन्ति।)

IX. चुरादिगण

चुरादिगण का विकरण णिच् (इ) + शप् > अय हो जाता है। चुर् तथा भक्ष् धातुओं के रूप दिए जा रहे हैं

1. Vचुर् (चुराना) ( परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 134

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 135

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 136
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 137

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 138

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 139

2. भक्ष् (खाना) (परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 140

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 141

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 142

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 143CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 144

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 145

3. कथ् (कहना) (परस्मैपद)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 146

लङ् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 147

लृट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 148

लोट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 149

विधिलिङ्
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 150
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 151

चुरादिगण के धातु-रूपों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग।

√ चुर्, लोट्, मध्यम पुरुष, एकवचन-चोरय (चोरी करना)।
चोरी कर और अपने माथे पर कलंक लगा। (चोरय स्वमस्तके च कलंकं धारय।)
√ कथ्, लट्, उत्तम पुरुष, एकवचन-कथयिष्यामि (मैं कहूँगा)।
मैं सम्पूर्ण बात कहूँगा। (अहं सम्पूर्णवार्ता कथयिष्यामि।)।
√ कथ, लट्, प्रथम पुरुष, एकवचन-कथयिष्यति (कहेगी)।
माता बच्चों को कहानी कहेगी। (माता शिशुभ्यः कथां कथयिष्यति।)
√ भक्ष लट्, प्रथम पुरुष, बहुवचन-भक्षयिष्यन्ति (खाएँगे)।
राक्षस माँस खाएँगे। (राक्षसाः मांसं भक्षयिष्यन्ति।)

मिश्रित-अभ्यासः

1. समुचित-धातुरूपैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 152
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 153

2. अधोलिखित-वाक्येषु कोष्ठकात् समुचितं धातुरूपं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 154

3. कोष्ठकगतधातुभिः समुचित-रूपाणि निर्माय रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 155
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit धातुरूपाणि 156

4. अध:प्रवत्तेषु धातुरूपेषु उचितैः धातुरूपैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत।

1. सः नायकः ……………………। (अस्-लङ्)
(क) अस्ति (ख) आसीत् (ग) भविष्यति (घ) अस्तु

2. गायिकाः गीतानि …………………….। (गै-लट्)
(क) गायति (ख) गास्यति (ग) गायन्तु (घ) गायन्ति

3. कालिदासः रघुवंशम् …………………………। (रच-लङ्)
(क) अरचयत् (ख) रचयतु (ग) अरचताम् (घ) रचयेत्

4. वयम् किम् …………………………….? (दा-लुट्)
(क) ददिष्यामः (ख) दास्यामः (ग) यच्छिष्यामः (घ) ददामः

5. सा तत्रैव ………………………………। (आ + गम्-लङ)
(क) आगच्छत् (ख) आगच्छति (ग) आगच्छतम् (घ) आगच्छम्

6. सः …………………….। (प्र + सीद्-लट्)
(क) प्रसीदति (ख) प्रसीदन्ति (ग) प्रसीद (घ) प्रासीदत्

7. रमा ……………………..। (वद्-लङ्)
(क) अवदः (ख) अवदतम् (ग) अवदम् (घ) अवदत्

8. बालक: मातुः …………………………..। (भी-लट्)
(क) बिभेति (ख) भेति (ग) भयति (घ) बिभेमि

9. तत्र किम् …………………….? (भू-लङ्)
(क) भवत् (ख) अभवः (ग) भविष्यति (घ) अभवत्

10. त्वम् का ………………………..? (अस्-लट्)
(क) असि (ख) स्मः (ग) स्थ (घ) अस्ति

11. सः यशः ………………….। (प्र + आप् + लट्)
(क) प्राप्नोति (ख) प्राप्नोमि (ग) प्राप्नोत् (घ) प्राप्नोतु

12. भारतम् प्रगतिम् ………………………..। (कृ-लृट्)
(क) करोतु (खा) करिष्यतः (ग) करिष्यति (घ) करिष्यथः

13 लम् किम् ……………………. ? (दुश्-लृङ्)
(क) पायः (ख) अपश्यः (ग) पश्यसि (घ) पश्येत्

14. जात्रा पुस्तकानि ……………………….। (पठ्-लट्)
(क) पन्ति (ख) पठन्तु (ग) पठिष्यन्ति (घ) पठेयुः

15. रामः रावगम् ………………………। (हन् लङ्)
(क) अहनः (ख) अहनत् (ग) हन्यात् (घ) हन्तु

16. त्वम् ह्य: कुत्र ……………………..। (अस-लङ्)
(क) आसीत् (ख) आस्त (ग) आसीः (घ) आस्म

17. ताः बालिका: …………………………..। (नृत्-लट्)
(क) नृत्यन्ति (ख) नृत्यति (ग) नर्तिष्यन्ति (घ) नर्तिष्यति

18. सा नारी तत्र न ………………..। (गम्-लृट्)
(क) गमिष्यति (ख) गमिष्यन्ति (ग) गमिष्यसि (घ) गमिष्यथ

19. ते कुत्रु ……………………। (वस्-लृट्)
(क) वसिष्यन्ति (ख) उषिष्यन्ति (ग) वसतु (घ) वसामि

20. सः तत्र न ………………………..। (पठ्-लङ्)
(क) अपठः (ख) अपठत् (ग) अपठत् (घ) अपठतम्

21. माता पत्रव्य सेवाम् ……………………। (कृ-लट्)
(क) करोति (ख) करोसी (ग) करोतु (घ) कुर्यात्

22. रोचक खपिन ………………………। (सेव्-लट्)
(क) सेवसे (ख) सेवती (ग) सेवते (घ) सेवेथे

23. ती सायंकाले भ्रमितुम् ……………………….। (गम्-लट्)
(क) गच्छसि (ख) गच्छाथः (ग) गच्छतः (घ गच्छताम्

5. स्थूलपानि आभृत्य उचित लाकार लिखाता ।

1. छात्रा: ज्ञानम् प्राप्नुवन्
(क) लृट् (ख) लट् (ग) लोट् (घ) लङ्

2. स्थानानि दर्शनीयानि सन्निा
(क) लङ् (ख) लोट् (ग) लट् (घ) लृट्

3. त्या कुत्र गमिष्यामि?
(क) लट् (ख) लङ् (ग) लृट् (घ) लोट्

4. सा धनम् लभते।
(क) लट् (ख) लृट् (ग) लोट् (घ) लङ्

5. अत्र किम् आसीत्।
(क) लङ् (ख) लोट् (ग) लट् (घ लृट्

6. वयम् कथयामः।
(क) लृट् (ख) लोट् (ग) लट् (घ) लङ्

7. अनम् नाटकम् अपश्यम्।
(क) लट् (ख) लृट् (ग) लङ् (घ) लोट्

8. बालिकाः नृत्यन्ति।
(क) लट् (ख) लोट (ग) लङ् (घ) विधिलिङ्

9. सेवकाः सेवन्ते।
(क) लोट (ख) लङ् (ग) लृट् (घ) लट्

10. अश्वाः अधावन्।
(क) लृट् (ख) लट (ग) लङ् (घ) लोट

11. अध्यापका: पाठयन्ति।
(क) लट् (ख) लृट् (ग) लङ् (घ) विधिलिङ्

12. त्वया किम् कथ्यते?
(क) लृट् (ख) विधिलिङ् (ग) लट् (घ) लृट्

13. तत्र किम् भविष्यति?
(क) विधिलिङ् (ख) लृट् (ग) लृट् (घ) लङ्

14. वयम् जन्तुशालाम् अपश्याम।
(क) लोट (ख) विधिलिङ् (ग) लृट् (घ) लङ्

15. क्रोधात् मोहः संभवति।
(क) लट (ख) लृट् (ग) विधिलिङ् (घ) लुट्

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Sanskrit

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks : 100

General Instructions:

  • All questions are compulsory. This questions paper has 27 questions in all. There are five sections in this question paper.
  • Section A contains Questions number 1-5 of 1 mark each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 20 words each.
  • Section B contains Questions number 6-10 of 2 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 40 words each.
  • Section C contains Questions number 11-16 of 4 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
  • Section D contains Questions number 17-21 of 5 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 150 words each.
  • In Section D Question number 21 is a map-based question. Write its answer in your answer-book.
  • Section E contains Question number 22-27 of 6 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 150 words each.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Delhi Set – I

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘9/11’ in the context of U.S.A? [1]
Answer:
‘9/11’ is important for the USA because on that day a group of militant high jackers attacked the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon in Washington.

Question 2.
Correct the following statement and rewrite: ASEAN stands for ‘Association of South East African Nations’. [1]
Answer:
ASEAN stands for ‘Association of South East Asian Nations’.

Question 3.
How many Permanent Members and how many Non-Permanent Members does the UN Security Council have? [1]
Answer:
There are 5 Permanent and 10 Non-Permanent Members in the U.N. Security Council.

Question 4.
What is meant by ‘Security’? [1]
Answer:
Security is a simple word which means freedom from threat.

Question 5.
What is the ‘Two Nation Theory’ advanced by the Muslim League? [1]
Answer:
According to Muslim League in India, before partition 1947, there were two nations, i.e., Hindu Nation and Muslim Nation. They advocated creation of a new seperate state for Muslims.

Question 6.
Name the founder President of the Congress Socialist Party. What name was given to this party after 1948? [1]
Answer:
Acharya Narendra Deva was the founder President of the Congress Socialist Party. After 1948, this party was known as the Praja Socialist Party.

Question 7.
After which General Election in India did the Congress Party lose its dominance for the first time at the centre?  [1]
Answer:
After the General Election of 1977, Congress Party lost its dominance for the first time at the centre.

Question 8.
After the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri, which two leaders of the Congress Party contested against one another to become the leader of the Congress Parliamentary party? [1]
Answer:
Sh. Morarji Desai and Smt. Indira Gandhi contested in elections against one another to become the leader of the Congress Parliamentary Party.

Question 9.
Name the popular movement which demanded that no forest exploiting contract should be given to any outsiders? [1]
Answer:
Chipko Movement.

Question 10.
From which year did the era of Coalition Governments at the Centre begin in India? [1]
Answer:
The era of Coalition Government at the centre began in India from 1989.

Question 11.
Name the two superpowers responsible for Cold War. When did the world become unipolar? [2]
Answer:
U.S.A and U.S.S.R were responsible for the Cold War. The world became Unipolar in 1991.

Question 12.
What is meant by ‘Shock Therapy’? [2]
Answer:
With the disintegration of Soviet Union, the process of change from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic socialist system led to great turmoil in terms of changes in society and economy. This was called ‘Shock Therapy’.

Question 13.
When was ASEAN Regional Forum established? What was its main objective? [2]
Answer:
ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1993 with the objective of economic growth, regional security, regional peace and stability, co-operation and dialogue platform among foreign ministers of ASEAN and its full dialogue partners.

Question 14.
Explain the traditional concept of ‘Security’. [2]
Answer:
In the traditional concept of ‘security’, the greatest danger to a country is from military threats. Military threat is always from another country and such action endangers the core value of sovereignty and independence of a country. The military action also endangers the lives of the people.

Question 15.
Why are International Organizations like the U.N. required? [2]
Answer:

  • These International Organizations are helpful in preventing wars and establishing law and order in the world.
  • The international organizations are helpful in creating better living conditions.

Question 16.
Which four Princely States of India initially resisted to join the Indian Union? [2]
Answer:
Junagarh, Hyderabad, Kashmir and Manipur are four Princely States of India which initially resisted to join the Indian Union.

Question 17.
Which are the two models of development? Which model of development was adopted by India? [2]
Answer:
The two models of development are Liberal — Capitalist model and Socialist Model. India adopted the model which was a combination of both the models.

Question 18.
What is India’s Policy of Non-alignment? [2]
Answer:
The main characteristic of India’s foreign policy is Non-alignment. Non-alignment means that India will remain independent by not joining any group. Non- alignment is a policy of peace. Non-alignment does not mean neutrality in international affairs. India’s policy of Non-alignment is positive one. India wants to bridge the gap between eastern and western ideologies.

Question 19.
Mention any two issues of concern related to development projects such as Sardar Sarovar Project? [2]
Answer:

  • Rehabilitation due to the project affected the villagers.
  • The social cost included forced resettlement of the project affected people, a serious loss of their means of livelihood and culture and depletion of ecological resources.

Question 20.
Highlight any two recommendations of Mandal Commission. [2]
Answer:

  • Twenty-seven percent of the posts in public services should be reserved for OBC.
  • Welfare programmes specially meant for OBC should be financed by the Government of India in the same manner and to the same extent as already done in the case of SC’s and ST’s.

Question 21.
Explain any two reasons for the disintegration of the U.S.S.R.? [4]
Answer:
The following were the main reasons for the disintegration of the former Soviet Union,
(i) Negation of Political Democracy: After the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin had succeeded in establishing himself as an absolute dictator. The Parliament of the Soviet Union (Duma) had been reduced to mere rubber stamp giving approval to his decisions. The government exercised strict controls overall means of communication (i.e., radio, newspaper etc.). The dictatorial character of the regime caused discontentment in public.

(ii) Economic Failure: Because of the emphasis on heavy industries the Soviet Economy failed to meet the expectations of people, especially in terms of food production and the consumer goods. The management and control of agriculture and industry was in the hands of state officials. In order to raise agricultural and industrial production, recourse was taken to violence and terror, but food situation went from bad to worse.

Question 22.
List any four ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ given in the Constitution of India for the promotion of international peace and security. [4]
Answer:
Article 51 of the Indian Constitution lays down certain principles which are the basis of Indian Foreign Policy. Following are constitutional bases of the Indian Foreign Policy:

  • To promote international peace and security.
  • To establish just and respectable relations with various nations.
  •  To foster respect for international law and order obligations in the dealings of organized people with one another.
  • To encourage the settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Question 23.
Describe any two constraints on American Hegemony? [4]
Answer:
At the beginning of the 21st century, the United States was a super power. But history tells us that empires decline because they decay from within. Similarly, the biggest constraint to American hegemony is within. Broadly there are three constraints on American Power :

  • The first constraint is the institutional architecture of the American state itself. American system is based on division of power between the three organs of government i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary. These organs put many restrictions on military powers.
  • The second constraint on American power is the open nature of the American Society. It means that there is no government control over mass media.

Question 24.
Describe any two major issues of conflict between India and Pakistan leading to the war of 1971. [4]
Answer:
(i) The war of 1971 was triggered by the crisis created by the political battle in East Pakistan, between Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman and the leaders of West Pakistan. India extended moral and material support to the freedom struggle in East Pakistan. So, Pakistan accused India of a conspiracy to break it up.

(ii) India had to bear the burden of about 80 lakh refugee who fled East Pakistan and took shelter in neighbouring areas in India. After months of diplomatic tension and military build-up, a full- scale war between India and Pakistan broke out in December, 1971.

Question 25.
Identify and explain any four new sources of threat to security. [4]
Answer:
New sources of threat are Terrorism, Violation of Human Rights, Global Poverty and Migrants.
(i) Terrorism: Terrorism is a serious threat to human security. Terrorism is unlawful activity used to achieve desired objectives. Terrorism refers to violence which targets the civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. Bomb blasts, human bombs, mass killings etc. are all acts of terrorism.

(ii) Violation of Human rights: Human Rights ‘ are those rights which are essential for all round development of a man. Human Rights are commonly understood as those rights that every human being is entitled to enjoy, freely irrespective of his religion, race, caste, sex, nationality or any one of these. In majority of the countries of the world, human rights are not available to their citizens. The violation of human rights is perceived as a threat to human security.

(iii) Global poverty: Global poverty is another big threat to human security. Poverty is increasing in countries with low income and large population whereas richer countries with stable population are becoming richer. The global poverty is affecting the security of the poor countries. Many armed conflicts have occurred in Sub-Sahara Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.

(iv) Migrants: Those who voluntarily leave their home-countries are called migrants. The migrants also create problems for human security.

Question 26.
Explain any four consequences of globalization. [4]
Answer:

  • Political consequence helps to maintain both the condition of welfare state as well as police state activities.
  • Increase in economic globalisation has involved greater trade in commodities across the globe.
  • Cultural consequence has led to rise of uniform Cultural homogenisation.
  • The ability of flow of ideas, capital, commodities and people to more work easily from one part of the world to another has been made possible largely due to globalisation.

Question 27.
Explain any four reasons for the dominance of the Congress Party in the first three General Elections. [4]
Answer:
Indian National Congress dominated in the first three general elections. Following factors were mainly responsible for the dominance of Congress Party :

  • The Congress was seen as the inheritor of the legacy of the national movement. Many leaders who were at the forefront of that struggle were now Congress leaders.
  • It was a well organised party having its organisational networks across the length and breadth of the country till the down to the local levels.
  • It had the “first off the blocks” advantage.
  • It was a party of social and ideological coalition. It brought together peasants and industrialists, lower and upper classes, urban dwellers and villagers, workers and owners and castes. It accommodated the revolutionary and pacifists, conservatives radicals, extremists and moderates, right and left and all shades of centre.

Question 28.
Where and when was the organisation ‘Dalit Panthers’ formed? Describe any three of its activities? [4]
Answer:
The organisation ‘Dalit Panthers’ was formed in Maharashtra in 1972. It was an organization of educated Dalit youths. Baburao Bagul, Raja Dhale, Namdev Dhasal gave direction to Dalit policies through their poems, literature and biographies. Dalit Panthers openly challenged casteism and Brahmanisam for the welfare of Dalits.

  • Dalit Panthers’ aim was to unite the Dalits and bring them into their fold.
  • According to the manifesto of Dalit Panthers ‘Dalit’word includes scheduled castes and tribes, new Buddhists, economically backward workers, women, landless poor peasants and all those persons who were being exploited.
  • According to their manifesto, main problems of Dalit were lack of education, food, water, shelter, jobs, land, unequal social status and atrocities inflicted upon them.
  • According to Dalit Panthers, their problem could be solved only by acquiring economic and political power.

Question 29.
Why is the ‘Emergency’ and period around it known as the period of Constitutional crisis? Explain. [4]
Answer:
Internal Emergency was declared on June 1975. The Emergency and the period around is known as the period of a constitutional crisis because it had its origins in the constitutional battle over the jurisdiction of the Parliament and the judiciary. Emergency damaged the democratic framework of India. The most disgraceful dimension of the Emergency was not its imposition but the modus operandi in which almost the entire country succumbed to it.

The rule of law and norms were misapplied during the period of Emergency. This political crisis was more sedate than the constitutional crisis. Along with the arrests of political leaders of opposition parties and the inhibitions on the press, the emergency apparently influenced lives of common people in many ways. Torture and custodial deaths were common incidents during the Emergency. Self- willed translocation of poor people also occurred and cases of mandatory sterilization. Such instances clearly show what happens when the common democratic process is placed under suspension.

Question 30.
In the given Political Outline Map of Europe, four member countries of European Union have been marked A, B, C and D. Identify them with the help of information given below and write their correct names in your answer-book along with with their respective serial number and the alphabet concerned.
(i) An older member of the European Union located between Portugal and France.
(ii) An older member of the European Union located near Belgium and Netherlands.
(iii) Two new members of European Union. [4]
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Political Science 2013 Delhi 1
Answer:

(i)DSpain
(ii)AGermany
(iii)CRomania
(iv)BPoland

Question 31.
Study the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The best way to respond to regional aspirations is through democratic negotiations rather than through suppression. Look at the situation in the eighties—militancy had erupted in Punjab; problems were persisting in North East; students in Assam were agitating; Kashmir valley was on the boil. Instead of treating these as simple law and order problems, the Government of India reached negotiated settlement with regional movements.
Questions :
(i) How are regional aspirations dangerous for the unity of the country?
(ii) What is meant by democratic negotiations?
(iii) Who was leading the agitation in Assam?
(iv) What steps were taken by the Government of India to respond to the regional aspirations? [6]
OR
Study the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
In fact, the BSP under Kanshi Ram’s leadership was envisaged as an organization based on pragmmatic politics. It derived confidence from the fact that the Bahujans (SCs, STs, OBCs and religious minorities) constituted the majority of the population and were a formidable political force on the strength of their numbers. Questions:
(i) Which organization was formed by Kanshi Ram?
(ii) Give the full form of BSP.
(iii) Name any two religious minorities.
(iv) Why are the Bahujans considered a formidable political force?
Answer:
(i) Regional aspirations are dangerous for the unity of the country because people give more importance to their region than to the country. Even after 71 years of independence some of the issues of national integration are not completely solved.

(ii) Settlement of disputes by peaceful method is known as democratic negotiations. Regional movements should be solved through political settlement i.e., democratic negotiations rather than suppression.

(iii) All Assam Students’ Union (AASU) and Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) led the agitations in Assam.

(iv) The Government of India reached negotiated settlement with regional movement. For example, the Mizoram problem was solved by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi through negotiations. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi made serious efforts to solve the problems of foreigners of Assam and ultimately, an agreement was signed on 15 August 1985. The Govt, of India agreed to take proper steps for the economic development of Assam. Moreover, special provisions are mentioned in the Constitution to satisfy the regional aspirations.
OR
(i) The Backward and Minority Classes Employees Federation (BAMCEF).
(ii) Bahujan Samaj Party.
(iii) Muslim and Sikhs.
(iv) Bahujans are considered to be a formidable political force because Bahujans are supported by S.C., backward classes, Dalits, etc.

Question 32.
‘States have common but differentiated responsibilities towards environment.’ Analyze the statement giving suitable examples. [6]
OR
Analyze India’s stand on environmental issues.
Answer:
The relevant part of the Rio Declaration says that “a State shall co-operate in the spirit of a global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of earth’s ecosystem. In view of the different contributions of the global environment degradation, states have common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of the sustainable development, in view of the pressure, their societies place on the global environment and of the technological and financial resources they command”. The largest share of historical and current global emissions has originated in the developed countries. The per-capita emissions in developing countries are still relatively low. Hence India, China and other developing countries were exempted from the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrial countries are required to cut their green house emissions.
OR
India signed and ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol in August 2002. At the G-8 meeting in June 2005, India pointed out that the per capita emission rates of the developing countries are a tiny fraction of those in the developed world. India is of view that the major responsibility of curbing emission depends upon developed countries, which have accumulated emission over a long period of time. India’s international negotiating position depends on the principles of historical responsibilities, as enshrined in UNFCCC. The Indian Government is already participating in global efforts through a number of programmes :

  • India’s national Auto-Fuel policy mandates cleaner fuel for vehicles.
  • The energy conservation act, passed in 2001, outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency.
  • The electricity act of 2003 encourages the use of renewable energy.
  • India has one of the largest renewable energy programmes in the world.
  • The government was also keen to launch a National Mission on Biodiesel, using about 11 million hectares of land to produce biodiesel by 2011-2012.

Question 33.
Explain any three consequences of partition of British India in 1947. [6]
OR
Explain the process and basis of the reorganization of states of Indian Union.
Answer:
(i) The year 1947 was the year of one of the largest, most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that Indian history has known. There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border. In the name of religion people of one community ruthlessly killed and maimed people of the other community. Cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Kolkata became divided into ‘communal zones’.

(ii) Minorities on both sides of the border fled their homes and often secured temporary shelters in ‘refugee camps’. They often found unhelpful administration. They travelled to other countries to the other side of the new border by all sorts of means, often by foot. Even during this journey they were often attacked, killed or raped. Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border. They were made to convert to the religion of the abductor and were forced into marriage. In many cases, women were killed by their own family members to preserve the family honour. Many children were separated from their parents. Those who did manage to cross.the border found that they had no home. For millions of these ‘refugees’, the country’s freedom meant life in “refugee camps” for months and years.

(iii) The employees of the government and the railways were also divided. Above all, it was a violent separation of communities who had hitherto lived together as neighbours. It is estimated that the partition forced about 80 lakh people to migrate across the new border. Between five to ten lakh people were killed in partition related violence. Even after large scale migration of Muslims to the newly created Pakistan, the Muslim population in India accounted for 12% of the total population in 1951.
OR
The process of nation—building did not come to an end with partition and integration of princely states. The challenges were to draw the internal boundaries of the Indian states in a way so that the linguistic and cultural plurality of the country could be reflected without affecting the unity of the nation.

During colonial rule, the states’ boundaries were drawn either on administrative convenience or simply coinciding with the territories annexed by the British government or the territories ruled by the Princely Powers.

Our national movement had promised the linguistic principle as the basis of formation of states. In fact after the Nagpur session of Congress in 1920, the principle was recognized as the basis of the reorganization in the Indian National Congress Party itself. Many provincial congress committees were created by linguistic zones, which did not follow the administrative divisions of British India.

The government’s approach was guided by 3 considerations. Firstly the people of most of the princely states clearly wanted to become part of the Indian union. Secondly the government was prepared to be flexible in giving autonomy to some regions. The idea was to accommodate plurality and adopt a flexible approach in dealing with the demands of the region. Thirdly in the backdrop of partition which brought into focus the contest over the demarcation of territory, the integration and consolidation of the territorial boundaries of the nation had assumed supreme importance.

Question 34.
Was the declaration of emergency in 1975 necessary? Support your answer with any three suitable arguments. [6]
OR
Explain any three lessons learnt from the emergency imposed in 1975.
Answer:
Declaration of emergency in 1975 was necessary. On 25th June 1975, the President of India declared an internal emergency under Article 352 on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Due to certain circumstances, Mrs. Indira Gandhi was left with no option except to impose emergency. Emergency was justified by the Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi she gave a speech to Lok Sabha on July 22, 1975 and said, “This action is totally within our constitutional framework and it was undertaken in order not to destroy the constitution but to preserve the constitution, to preserve and safeguard our democracy.”

(i) The government argued that in a democracy the opposition parties must allow the elected ruling party to govern according to its policies.

(ii) It felt that frequent recourse to agitations, protests and collective action were not good for democracy. They also held that in a democracy, one cannot continuously have “extra parliamentary” politics targeting the government. This leads to instability and distracts the administration from its routine task of ensuring development.

(iii) Indira Gandhi wrote to Shah commission that subversive forces were trying to obstruct the progressive programmes of the government and were attempting to dislodge her from power through extra-constitutional means.
OR
On the advice of Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, the President declared internal emergency on 25th June 1975. Thousands of workers and leaders of the opposition parties were put in jail under MISA. Many restrictions were put on the freedom of press. Legislative Assemblies of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu were dissolved. Following three lessons were learnt from the emergency:

  • Bureaucracy and Judiciary should be independent. Bureaucracy should be unprejudiced and Impartial. It should not be committed to the ideology and principles of the ruling party.
  • The government should run the administration according to the provisions of the constitution. Constitution is supreme and its supremacy should be protected by the Judiciary.
  • Freedom of.press should not be crushed. Freedom of press is very essential for the successful working of democracy. Political consciousness is created among the people by the press.

Question 35.
What was the Soviet System? Assess any four features of the Soviet System? [6]
OR
Examine the relevance of the Non-aligned movement after the cold war era.
Answer:
The Soviet system of economy was planned economy and was managed on basis of state plans for economic and social development. The system of government in U.S.S.R was generally known as Soviet system of government.

Since USSR came into being after the socialist revolution in Russia in 1917 based on the ideas of socialism and the need for an egaliatrian society, the soviet system abolished the institution of private property and designed a society based on the principles of equality. The soviet system gave importance

State and the institution of party—The communists. The economy was planned and controlled by the state. The main features, thus were :

  • The Soviet system was very bureaucratic and authoritarian. U.S.S.R. was a one-party state. The communist party occupied a pivotal position in the socio-political system of soviet union.
  • There was lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech.
  • Tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people.
  • Russia dominated everything and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.

OR
Outside the U.N. General Assembly, there is no international body as largely representative as the Non-aligned Movement. The Non-aligned Movement is generally traced from the year 1955 when 29 Asian and African nations met at Bandung to devise the means of combating colonialism. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, who was one of the moving forces of the conference, said that the coming together of the leaders of Asian and African states was an event of great importance in so far as it marked the birth of Asia and new Africa. The non-aligned movement asserted‘its continued relevance and its determination to uphold the objective to oppose and struggle against injustice, inequality and underdevelopment. NAM is committed to work for the removal of economic inequalities between the developed and the developing countries. It is necessary :

  • For securing a place of dignity, honour and equality for the developing countries.
  • For the establishment of the New International Economic Order.
  • For the democratisation of the international system and its functioning.
  • For the progress of disarmament and denuclearisation.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections : A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and-follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

** Answer is not given due to change in present syllabus

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi Set – I

SECTION – A

(READING) 30

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [20]

1. The sage of science, Einstein, was sitting in a depressive and pensive mood one evening. His eyes were brimming with tears. The pain was evident on his face. He peeped out of the window of his room. The sun had set a few minutes back. The sky was filled with a reddish glow. At this sunset, he felt that it was humanity that had sunk into devilish darkness and the reddish glow in the sky was the blood of humanity spilling all over the sky from earth. With tired steps, he walked back to his chair and settled down. It was the 9th of August 1945. Three days back, he had felt the same agony as if someone had tom him apart. He was deeply hurt and depressed when he heard on the radio that America had dropped an atom bomb on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Today, within three days another bomb was dropped on another city, Nagasaki and lakhs of people had been killed.

2. He had heard that the blast released so much energy that it had paled all past destructions in comparison and death had played out a pitiable dance of destruction. The flames that broke out of the bomb were burning, melting and exploding buildings. Scared of the heat of the bomb, people had jumped into lakes and rivers, but the water was boiling and the people too were burnt and killed. The animals in the water were already boiled to death. Animals, trees, herbs, fragrant flowering plants were all turned into ashes. The atomic energy destruction had just not stopped there. It had entered the atmosphere there and had spread radiation that would affect people for generations to come and would also bring about destructive irreversible biological change in animals and plants.

3. As the news of the atomic attack reached Einstein, and he became aware of the glaring horror of the abuse of atomic energy, his distress and restlessness knew no bounds. He could not control himself and picked up his violin to turn his mind on to other things. While playing the violin, he tried to dissolve his distress in its sad notes, but couldn’t. He was burning on the embers of destruction; his heart was filled with an ocean of agony and tears just continued streaming uncontrollably out of his eyes. Night had fallen. His daughter came up and asked him to eat something as he had not taken anything for the last four days. His voice was restrained and he said, “I don’t feel like eating.”

4. He could not sleep that night. Lying down, he was thinking how he had drawn the attention of the then American President Roosevelt towards the destructive powers of an atomic bomb. He had thought that this would be used to scare Hitler and put an end to the barbarism that Hitler was up to. However, Roosevelt kept him in the dark and made false promises. Eventually, he had abused Einstein’s equation of E = mc2 that resulted in the destructive experiments. His actions had made science and scientists as murderers. Einstein kept on thinking for a long time. Eventually, he slipped into sleep. When he woke up at dawn, there was a new dawn in him too. The atomic threat had transformed his heart.

5. The next day, he decided to disassociate himself from the scientific policy of the government and all governmental institutions. He decided to open educational institutions for children, adolescents and youth—institutions where along with science, spirituality will be compulsorily taught.

6. To inaugurate this institution, he had invited two great philosophers, Bertrand Russell and Albert Schweitzer. Ten other great scientists who had own Nobel Prizes in different fields were also invited. They all saw a different Einstein, not a great scientist but a sage in him. The institution was opened by garlanding a photo of Mahatma Gandhi. While garlanding the Mahatma, he became emotional and said with a lump in his throat, “I bow down to the great man who fought for the independence of his country through non-violence. He could do so because he was a truthful man and true spiritualist.”

7. Those who teach science should be taught, spirituality too. Without harmony between science and spirituality, the destruction would continue unabated. A few years after this institution was built, a Japanese delegation came to meet him. Einstein broke down in the meeting and said. “You can give me any punishment and I will accept it. Anyway, I have decided to lead my life in penitence.” The Japanese were moved by this sincerity and forgot their grief.

Question 1.1.
On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, answer each of the questions given below by choosing the most appropriate option : [1 × 5 = 5]

(a) Besides two great philosophers how many other scientists were invited by Einstein to inaugurate the institution where spirituality would be compulsorily taught?
(i) Five
(ii) Ten
(iii) Eight
(iv) Fifteen
Answer:
(ii) Ten

(b) Which musical instrument did Einstein play when he was in grief?
(i) Harmonium
(ii) Guitar
(iii) Violin
(iv) Flute
Answer:
(iii) Violin

(c) Einstein came to know that America had dropped an atom bomb on the Japanese city, Hiroshima through
(i) television
(ii) newspaper
(iii) radio
(iv) a telephonic message
Answer:
(iii) Radio

(d) Which American President was told about the destructive power of an atomic bomb?
(i) Kennedy
(ii) Bill Clinton
(iii) Lincoln
(iv) Roosevelt
Answer:
(iv) Roosevelt.

(e) Einstein said to the Japanese delegation,
(i) “You can give me any punishment and I will accept it.”
(ii) “I am not at fault.”
(iii) “What could I do?”
(iv) “The President didn’t agree to my advice.”
Answer:
(i) “You can give me any punishment and I will accept it.”

Question 1.2.
Answer the following questions briefly: [1 × 6 = 6]
(a) What did Einstein do to overcome his distress after getting the news of the atomic attack?
(b) Which event in 1945, according to Einstein, turned science and scientists into murderers?
(c) What did Einstein do to show his displeasure over the atomic attack?
(d) Whose photo was garlanded at the inauguration of Einstein’s institute for children, adolescents and youth?
(e) Name the philosophers that Einstein invited to inaugurate the new institution.
(f) Why did Einstein want harmony between science and spirituality while teaching in educational institutes?
Answer:
(a) Einstein was extremely distressed after getting the news of the atomic attack. To distract his mind from this serious news, he picked up his violin and began playing sad notes on it. He did not even eat for four days.
(b) In 1945, America had dropped atom bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombs made to scare Hitler and put an end to barbarism had been misused to kill many innocent lives. This event according to Einstein, turned science and scientists into murders.
(c) To show his displeasure over the atomic attack, Einstein decided to disassociate himself from the scientific policy of the government and all its institutions. He decided to open educational institutions where science and spirituality would be compulsorily taught to children, adolescents and youth.
(d) The photo of Mahatma Gandhi was garlanded at the inauguration of Einstein’s institute for children, adolescents and youth.
(e) Two great philosophers, Bertrand Russell and Albert Schweitzer were invited by Einstein to inaugurate the new institution.
(f) Einstein’s fear of destruction due to the atomic bomb attacks transformed his thinking. He felt the need for bonding between science and spirituality to bring about harmony. This could bring a decrease in destruction of life and peace would prevail in the world.

Question 1.3.
Answer any three of the following questions in 25-30 word each: [2 × 3 = 6]
(a) What did Einstein feel while looking at the sunset from his room’s window?
(b) Give a brief description of the disaster when the atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city, Nagasaki.
(c) What did Einstein think of Mahatma Gandhi?
(d) What was Einstein’s reaction when the Japanese delegation met him?
Answer:
(a) Einstein with tears brimming from his eyes and pain evident in his face, peeped out of the window of his room. Looking at the sunset, he felt the sinking of humanity into a devilish darkness and the reddish glow in the sky felt like human blood spilling all over the sky from the earth. He was tom apart.
(b) The explosion at Nagasaki caused death, burning, melting and exploding of buildings. The water in the lakes and rivers was boiled hot leading humans as well as aquatic animals to death. All living and non-living things were turned into ashes.
(c) Einstein thought of Mahatma Gandhi as a great man who used non-violence as his tool while fighting for his country’s independence. Einstein referred to the Mahatma as a truthful and spiritualist man.
(d) Einstein, on meeting the Japanese delegation, broke down and announced that he was ready for any punishment given to him. He also spoke of his decision to lead the rest of his life in penitence.

Question 1.4.
Find words/phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to each of the following : [1 × 3 = 3]
(a) mental pain (para 1)
(b) agreement (para 7)
(c) regret/remorse (para 7)
Answer:
(a) agony
(b) harmony
(c) penitence

Question 2.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: [10]
1. To live in harmony with oneself and the environment is the wish of every human. However, in modem times greater physical and emotional demands are constantly placed upon many areas of life. More and more people suffer from physical and mental tension such as stress, anxiety, insomnia, and there is an imbalance in physical activity and proper exercise. This is why methods and techniques for the attainment and improvement of health, as well as physical, mental and spiritual harmony, are of great importance, and Yoga meets this requirement.

2. The word “Yoga” originates from Sanskrit and means “to join, to unite”. Yoga exercises have a holistic effect and bring body, mind, consciousness and soul into a balance. In this way Yoga assists us in coping with everyday demands, problems and worries. Yoga helps to develop a greater understanding of our self, the purpose of life and our relationship with God.

3. On the spiritual path, Yoga leads us to supreme knowledge and eternal bliss in the union of the individual Self with the universal Self. Yoga is that supreme, cosmic principle. It is the light of life, the universal creative consciousness that is always awake and never sleeps, that always was, always is, always will be.

4. Many thousands of years ago in India, Rishis (wise men and saints) explored nature and the eosmos in their meditations. They discovered the laws of the material and spiritual realms and gained an insight into the connection within the universe. They investigated the cosmic laws, the laws of nature and the elements, life on earth and the powers and energies at work in the universe—both in the external world and on a spiritual level. The unity of matter and energy, the origin of the universe and the effects of the elementary powers have been described and explained in the Vedas. Much of this knowledge has been rediscovered and confirmed by modem science.

5. From these experiences and insight a far- reaching and comprehensive system known as Yoga originated and gave us valuable, practical instructions for the body, breathing, concentration, relaxation and meditation. The system “Yoga in Daily Life” is taught worldwide in Yoga Centres, Adult Education Centres, Health Institutions, Fitness and Sports Clubs, Rehabilitation Centres and Health Resorts. It is suitable for all age groups—the name itself indicates that Yoga can be and should be used “in Daily Life”.

6. The exercise levels have been worked out in consultation with doctors and physiotherapists and can therefore — with observation of the stated rules and precautions—be practiced independently at home by anyone. “Yoga in Daily Life” is a holistic system, which means it takes into consideration not only the physical, but also the mental and spiritual aspects. Positive thinking, perseverance, discipline, orientation towards the Supreme, prayer as well as kindness and understanding form the way to Self-Knowledge and Self-Realisation.

Question 2.1.
On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. [5]

Question 2.2.
Write a summary of the above passage in about 100 words. [5]
Answer:
TITLE : YOGA IN DAILY LIFE
1. Need for Yoga
(i) Decreases mental and physical stress in daily life
(ii) Attnt. and improv. of physical and mental health and spiritual harmony
2. Benefits of Yoga
(i) Bal. of body, mind, consciousness and soul
(ii) Cope with daily probs.
(iii) Supreme knwldg. of union of indvl. self and univ. self
3. Practice of Yoga
(i) Practical instructions for – body, breathing, concentration, relaxation, meditation
(ii) Taught worldwide in Yoga Centres, Health Institutions, Rehabilitation Centres etc.
4. Yoga in daily life
(i) Use of yoga daily for positivity in life
(ii) Holistic system, considers physical, mental and spiritual aspects

SUMMARY

Today, people face greater physical and mental problems in their daily lives. These problems are related to lack of physical, mental and spiritual harmony. Yoga helps bridge this gap. “Yoga” originated from a Sanskrit word that means “to join” or “to unite”. Yoga exercises balance of body, mind, consciousness and soul. This in a way, helps us to tackle various problems that afflict us in our day-to-day life. The practice of Yoga has been prevalent since ancient times as prescribed in the Vedas. “Yoga in daily life” provides practical instructions for the body, breathing, concentration, relaxation and meditation. Yoga paves the way from self-knowledge to self-realization.

SECTION – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS) 30

Question 3.
You are Dhruv/Deepa. Your father, Shri Dheeraj Garg of Gurugram wants you to draft an invitation to be sent to friends and relatives on the occasion of your elder sister’s marriage. Prepare the invitation giving necessary details in not more than 50 words. [4]
OR
Water is precious and each one of us must stop its wastage to avoid its scarcity in the near future. Prepare a poster requesting people of your colony to adopt means to save water, prevent its wastage, etc. You are Rama/Rohan of Ashima Vihar, Saket, Ahmedabad. (50 words)
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 1
OR
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 2
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 3

Question 4.
Kerala was badly hit by floods due to heavy rains. Even today the victims are suffering financially, physically and mentally. Write a letter in 120 – 150 words to the Editor. ‘The Times of Kerala’ giving details of the loss of life and property. Also, make an appeal to the people and the Government to provide help and relief to the afflicted. You are Varun/ Vandana, 31 Shastri Nagar, Trichi. [6]
OR
You are Shobha/Sushil from 56, A BIOCK, Saket, Agra. Write an application along with a personal resume in 120-150 words in response to the following advertisement.
Wanted an experienced hockey coach having B.P.Ed Degree for our school. Apply to the Principal, Agarsen Public School, Agra by 15th March, 2019.
Answer:
31 Shastri Nagar,
Trichi
3rd March 20XX
The Editor
The Times of Kerala
Thiruvandapuram
Subject: Relief for survivors of floods in Kerala
Sir/Madam,
Through the columns of your esteemed and widely read newspaper, I would like to highlight the present conditions of the people affected by the floods that devastated Kerala last year.
The floods that caused a lot of death and destruction in ‘God’s own land, has left behind a trail of victims a year after it wreaked havoc in the state. These survivors of the flood are still struggling to deal with the consequences on their own. They are dealing with the physical damage as well as the mental and emotional trauma that comes with having survived the event without those that are dear to them. These people have lost their livelihood and some have even lost mobility and structure.
I request you to highlight their plight in the newspaper. They are in need of the basic necessities and more. Any help offered by the government and the people reading this, would make a world of change in their lives.
Yours respectfully,
Varun/Vandana
OR
56, A Block, Saket Agra
10th March 20XX
The Principal
Agarsen Public School
Agra
Subject : Application for the post of hockey coach.
Sir/Madam,
In response to your advertisement in the Indian Express dated 5th March, 20XX for the position of hockey coach, I hereby offer my candidature for the same. I believe that my experience and background fit your requirements for the position.
I have had the pleasure to be the hockey coach at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi for the last five years and the pleasure of assisting the esteemed coach Pramod Srivastav at Tripti High School for four years as well. I have two Bachelor’s degrees, one in Physical education and another in Education. Coaching students has been my passion and I am sure that I can work well with the team. Both the teams I have worked with previously have been able to play in multiple competitions statewide. I have received positive feedback from the students, the parents and the school.
You may call me for an interview on any date as per your convenience. I shall be able to join my duties at one month’s notice if appointed. As requested, I have enclosed my resume with this letter.
Yours sincerely,
Shobha /Sushil
Encl.: Resume

RESUME
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 4
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 5

Question 5.
You are concerned about the cleanliness of parks, roads and even your school premises. In spite of various measures taken by local and school administration, lack of cleanliness is still a problem. You are Namita/Keshav. Prepare a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly of your school on the topic, ‘Cleanliness is the Responsibility of All/ [10]
OR
Write a debate in 150 – 200 words either for or against the motion:
‘Stray dogs should not be put to sleep’.
Answer:
CLEANLINESS IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALL

Honorable Principal, teachers and all my dear friends, Good Morning to all!
I am Keshav/Namita of class XII C. It’s a great honour for me to stand before everyone and deliver a speech on the importance of cleanliness. Today, I would like to address the idea of cleanliness in our locality. Specifically, I would like to talk about cleanliness in public spaces such as parks and roads as well as other spaces that host large groups of people simultaneously such as our school.

Local authorities have taken various measures to combat this issue of keeping an area clean by fining people for littering in public spaces and banning defecation in open spaces. The school also has rules regarding cleanliness and certain punishments for littering. However, I feel that these don’t seem as useful because the job of cleaning up has been left to the custodians, both in school and in these public spaces. It is a state of sorry to see people twice our age cleaning up after the future citizens of a country. It is important for us, as students to start realizing that cleanliness of a space is not a job that we should be pushing onto other people, but something we should be doing as a personal responsibility as good citizens.

It is important that each of us as citizens do our part in maintaining the cleanliness of our surroundings. It can be as simple as picking up any piece of paper we drop or making sure that the things we are throwing away are inside the wastebaskets. These small steps can have a large impact, so to all of us, I say it is time for us to stop thinking of the idea of cleanliness and start doing what we can to make a clean and healthy environment a reality. Thank you.
OR
STRAY DOGS SHOULD NOT BE PUT TO SLEEP

Honourable judges, teachers and my worthy opponents. A very good morning to all of you gathered here. Today, I am glad to have the opportunity to speak for the topic “Stray Dogs Should Not Be Put To Sleep”. This topic is one that can be emotional to many. I shall be focusing on both the emotional and factual aspects of this topic.

The saying “a dog is man’s best friend” has been around for centuries. For years, we have taken care of them and they have been nothing but loyal to us. They don’t demand much from us except for love and attention. The stray dogs that roam in the streets should be seen from another point of view they are as the dogs that have not had the love and care that animals need to survive. Their aggressiveness comes from a place of fear for those who have hurt them, thrown stones at them and yelled at them multiple times. Had people seen these vulnerable creatures and shown them affection and care, then they would not need to be treated in such a harsh manner. Studies have shown that most stray dogs have lesser health problems and are friendlier when given love and attention. Maintaining these breeds who are well-adjusted to the Indian climate is less costly than getting a costly breed. I believe that the issue of having strays on the roads could have been tackled with a little love and care. They wouldn’t have been strays in the first place if we were more accommodating to this breed. So, extermination is not the right solution. Instead, we should spread awareness about these beautiful God’s creation and encourage people to adopt them.

In conclusion, I would like to point out that putting down animals that have never had the opportunity to be loved as they should have because of decisions made by humans, is a selfish act.

Question 6.
Abundance of advertisements in newspapers, magazines and even on television is a wastage of both time and money of readers and viewers. You are Shobha/Sameer. Write an article in 150 – 200 words on the topic, ‘Excessive Use of Advertisements in Media’. [10]
OR
An NGO, ‘Health for All’ organised a health check-up camp in a slum at Amritsar. You are Ruchika/Raunak, and you visited the camp. Write a report in 150-200 words covering arrangements such as registration, check-up, tests carried out, etc.
Answer:
EXCESSIVE USE OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN MEDIA

By Shobha/Sameer, XIIA
Mark Twain once said, “Many a small thing has been made large by the right kind of advertising”. Today’s media platforms contain more ads than the content itself and this applies to all form of media that we choose to entertain ourselves with. To the media, advertising is more profitable than the content they provide.

Televisions today show more advertisements than the actual content and newspapers contain more ads per page than it does the actual information. Magazines are even more confusing, often giving articles that serve no purpose other than to convince the reader to buy the product advertised on the next page. These advertisements waste the money of those who have subscribed to the product or service for the sake of information. Furthermore, it is statistically shown that the advertisements make people believe that they are missing out on trends leading to excessive consumerism and materialism.

Taking everything into account, it is important to note that reducing the amount of advertising present in the media might have a positive impact. Perhaps, the space allotted to advertisements can be kept as a percentage of information and content presented in order to ensure that the content takes precedence over the advertisements.
OR
HEALTH CHECK UP CAMP IN A SLUM

By Ruchika/Raunak
Amritsar, March 20XX : A health camp was organised in a slum in Amritsar by the NGO ‘Health for All.’ The camp was set up in such a way that each person who opted to get the health checkup first had to register at the counter by giving his name and age. Once the check-up was completed, the people were requested to submit the forms at the registration desk.

Upon registration, the people were required to visit a general physician, a dentist, and an optometrist. Once the available doctors had examined them, the participants were required to get a blood test done. For most people tested, it was a basic work-up of their non-fasting blood sugar and other related tests. However, for those who suffered from other diseases, the doctors made a note of it in the form given to them, requesting specific tests be done to understand the severity of the condition. Financing for additional tests were also covered by the medical laboratories associated with the NGO.

The results of these tests shall be available to the NGO in a few weeks’ time and then the doctors and volunteers will return to the slum to treat or advice as necessary to the participants that require it. It was refreshing to see a huge tum-up for this eye-opening event.

SECTION-C
(LITERATURE : TEXTBOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT) 40

Question 7.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow : [1 × 4=4]
Perhaps the Earth can teach us
as when everything seems dead
and later proves to be alive.
Now I’ll count up to twelve
and you keep quiet and I will go.
(a) Name the poem and its poet. [1]
(b) What does the Earth teach us? [1]
(c) What does the poet want to achieve by counting up to twelve? [1]
(d) Give an example of what now seems to be dead but later on becomes alive. [1]
OR
A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
(a) Name the poem and its poet. [1]
(b) How does a thing of beauty remain a joy forever? [1]
(c) Explain : ‘never pass into nothingness’. [1]
(d) How does the bower help us in our life? Give two examples. [1]
Answer :
(a) The poem is ‘Keeping Quiet’ and the poet is Pablo Neruda.
(b) The earth teaches us to be patient, productive and to live in tranquility.
(c) The poet wants to enlighten us on the importance of patience and meditation by counting up to twelve. By remaining still and through reasoning, we can achieve to be positive and overthrow the negativity within us.
(d) A seed when falls into the earth and dies, grows into a plant which bears fruit, gives shade when it grows into a tree, and helps the environment.
OR
(a) The poem is ‘A Thing of Beauty’ and the poet is John Keats.
(b) A thing of beauty is eternal as it revives our memories and leaves a positive influence on our minds. As time passes by, its beauty only increases with time. This only helps in providing everlasting joy to the eye of the beholder.
(c) Joy that lasts in beauty is everlasting, its importance never diminishes but grows with time.
(d) Bower is a peaceful dwelling place that helps us is our life. Under the shade of the tree, it provides us protection from the sun and rain. It is also a safe and quiet place for rest and meditation.

Question 8.
Answer any four of the following question in 30 – 40 words each : [3 × 4 = 12]
(a) ‘Garbage to them is gold.’ Why does the author say so about the ragpickers of Seemapuri?
(b) Which two incidents in Douglas’ early life made him scared of water ?
(c) Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?
(d) “It ate my face up. It ate me up.” Who said these words? Why?
(e) Why did Evans not take off his hat when Jackson ordered him to do so?
(f) Why did Zitkala-Sa resist the shingling of her hair?
Answer:
(a) Rag picking is a means of survival to the ragpickers of Seemapuri. They sell all that they pick from the heap of garbage in exchange for money to meet their needs. At times, they even find currency notes and coins in it. To these ragpickers, garbage is equivalent to treasures of gold.
(b) At the age of three or four, Douglas was knocked down by strong waves of the Yakima river. As a result, Douglas was almost buried Under water, and got breathless. Later, at the age of ten or eleven, he was tossed in the YMCA pool by a senior where he ended up swallowing water. These two incidents played a powerful role in developing Douglas’ aversion to water.
(c) The crofter was a lonely old man living all alone with no family. He craved for a human company. Therefore, when the peddler requested the old man for shelter, the old man, in his generosity and need for someone to talk, welcomed the peddler for supper.
(d) Derry showing his inferiority complex, says these words since he is often singled out by people as an ugly poor boy due to his acid- burnt face. As a result of his injury and the behavior of the people in his community, he looks down upon him self as an outcast.
(e) Evans had long wavy hair and covered it with a hat as after the exam he was going to impersonate Mcleery and escape from the prison. Mcleery had short hair so Evans had cropped up his hair and did it under the hat. He confided in Jackson that the hat was the only lucky charm that had brought him luck in his life and so refused to take off his hat.
(f) Zitkala-Sa had learned from her mother that hair shingling was done only to unskilled captured warriors by the enemy. In her family, short hair was considered to be a sign of mourning and cowardice.

Question 9.
Answer any one of the following questions in 120 -150 words : [6]
(a) Everybody during the last lesson was filled with regret. Comment.
(b) Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence?
(c) It is not unusual for a lower middle class girl to dream big. How unrealistic were Sophie’s dreams?
Answer:
(a) The story, “The Last Lesson” is set during the Franco-Prussian War when the French districts of Alsace and Lorraine passed into the hands of Prussia. The Prussian government then made the declaration that only German was to be taught in the schools in Alsace and Lorraine. This order affected the local public badly and each one of them was repenting for wasting time and not learning French. Each person in the class was filled with regret. The French language teacher, M. Hamel felt guilty for sending his students to complete his personal tasks. The parents of the students never bothered to send their children to class but instead preferred that the children work on the farm or at mills. Even the older people in the room like old Hauser, the former mayor, the former postman and other elders of the village showed regret on neither learning French themselves nor encouraging their children to learn the language.

(b) India was under the suzerainty of the British power for more than a hundred years before the incident at Champaran. The people of India were tired of the unjust rules and policies of the British. The landlords at Champaran were forced to grow indigo in 15% of the available land and then surrender the entire harvest as rent. When the peasants learned about the development of synthetic indigo, they demanded for their money. Gandhiji managed to get the amount back and provided courage to the peasants. The incident at Champaran was an attempt to alleviate the distress of large numbers of poor people. At Champaran, Gandhiji received the support of thousands of people. The peasants became aware of their rights, grew more courageous and began to contribute to the movement. Gandhiji successfully implemented the method of non-violence and non-cooperation. Therefore, it can be said that the Champaran episode is the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence.

(c) Sophie the protagonist of the story “Going Places” comes from a lower middle-class background and like most girls, she tends to have escapist tendencies. Her background limits her aims and ambitions. Comparatively, her best friend Jansie and her family try to limit her from day dreaming. Sophie dreams of things that she cannot have like buying a boutique. When questioned about how she would go about achieving this dream, she mentions that she would do that through a manager job like Mary Quant or by being an actress, or a fashion designer. She constantly dreams of upgrading her life despite the unrealistic demands of her dreams. The sad reality is that these unrealistic dreams simply distract a person from their goals. It makes a person crave for excuses and separates them from the realities of the world. Sophie’s dreams and ambitions coupled with her crush on Daney Casey are so unrealistic that they separate her from the realities of her world.

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in 120-150 words: [6]
(a) Describe the efforts made by the Tiger King to achieve his target of killing a hundred tigers.
(b) Explain the reaction of Dr. Sadao’s servants when he decided to give shelter to an enemy in the house.
(c) Describe Jack’s art of storytelling.
Answer:
(a) The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram was known as the Tiger King. At the time of his birth, the astrologers had declared that the prince would die one day. At that prophecy, the ten-day-old prince asked the astrologers to reveal the manner of his death. The wise men, though baffled by this miracle, declared that the prince’s death would come from a tiger. When the Prince came of age, he took matters in his own hands and killed a tiger. On sharing these details with the astrologer, he stated that it did not mean that the King was safe. As a matter of fact, he must be careful about the hundredth tiger. Thereafter, the King decided to kill a hundred tigers. He, thus, got the name ‘Tiger King’. In his initial years as a king, he killed around seventy tigers. He also killed around twenty-nine tigers in the forest belonging to his father-in-law. Somehow a hundredth tiger was arranged for him to kill but the tiger did not die when it was shot. Later, the soldiers killed the tiger and with this, the King achieved his dream of killing a hundred tigers.

(b) Dr Sadao Hoki resided along the coast in Japan with his wife Hana. During the war, he was not sent along with the other troupes because the General was under his treatment and needed Dr Sadao’s services. On one occasion, Dr Sadao saw an injured young American soldier in need of his help. He brought the soldier home and began treating him. The servants were frightened and puzzled. As a matter of fact, the old gardener declared that Dr Sadao ought not to heal the wound of that white man because he should have been dead also as he was their enemy. He also believed that the soldier was first shot and then the sea caught him and wounded him with her rocks. If Dr Sadao healed what the shot and the sea had done, then Dr Sadao and the servants would have to suffer. They were also skeptical because the man was their enemy and if the news of the man at the house spread, then their lives would be in danger. The servants finally chose to leave the house altogether.

(c) Storytelling is a ritual for Jack and his four-year-old daughter Jo. He aims to express his wisdom, art and creativity infused with cunningness through his stories. Jack begins his story telling sessions in the evenings and before Saturday naps. The originality of these stories are that they all revolve around a tiny creature called Roger. His stories more or less follow one pattern with minor variations depending on the theme for the day. Each story begins and describes a Roger who may be a squirrel, a fish or a chipmunk. The stories also have a wise owl and a magic wand wielding wizard. Each story is a lesson in morals. Jack successfully manages to capture the attention of his daughter because he understands her span of attention while using his creativity to create the desired effect. He can imitate different voices and uses this positive attribute to communicate his ideas in an enthusiastic manner. Each of these stories are his own invention and he uses this talent along with his other talent of adopting the right facial expressions to capture his daughter’s interest and provide life lessons along the way.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in 120-150 words : ** [6]
(a) Describe the burglary that took place at Mr. Bunting’s house. (The Invisible Man)
(b) How did Griffin move about in the village of lping?
(c) Why does Silas return to Lantern Yard after having lived and prospered at Raveloe? How does his visit prove useful to him?
(d) How was Silas transformed completely with the arrival of a child?

Question 12.
Answer any one of the following questions in 120 -150 words : ** [6]
(a) Describe Nancy Lammeter’s personality and approach to life. (Silas Marner)
(b) Writer a character sketch of Godfrey Cass. (Silas Marner)
(c) Marval is the only character in ‘The Invisible Man’ who interacts with Griffin and gains something. Elaborate.
(d) How did Dr. Kemp use the information given to him by Griffin himself to get him arrested? Was he successful in doing so?

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi Set – II

Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

SECTION – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question 4.
The elderly living alone in cities are not safe. Reports of violence against them are really very disturbing. The recent murder of two elderly persons has rocked the city. It seems the police are not taking adequate steps to make the elderly feel safe and secure. Write a letter in 120-150 words to the Editor, ‘Modern Times’ to draw the attention of the law and order authorities to the problem and take effective steps to deal it. You are Sohan/Sangeets, 12, Roshan Colony, Alampur. [6]
OR
You have read an advertisement in the newspaper, ‘Pune Times’ for the post of software engineer in Alex Software, Pune. You believe that you possess the requisite qualifications and experience and your innovative ideas will prove an asset to the company. Write an application in 120-150 words emphasising your strong points and your suitability for the post. Also include your biodata. You are Saurabh/Shikha, 12, Mall Road, Chandigarh.
Answer:
12 Roshan Colony,
Alampur
3rd March 20XX
The Editor
Modem Times
Alampur
Subject : Safety precautions for the elderly in the city.
Sir/Madam,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I, on behalf of the residents of Roshan Colony, wish to bring to your kind attention, the murder of the two elderly people that have taken place recently. As a resident of the area in which the attack took place, I write to point out the lack of protection that the seniors are offered.
The recent murders, while brutal, are not a surprising phenomenon considering the lack of proper precautions taken to ensure the safety of the elderly. While I mourn the loss of the two souls that were attacked, I also fear for those who are still with us. It is even more surprising to see that despite these attacks, very little is done to ensure their safety. It is important, in today’s times that the authorities take proper precaution for those in our communities who are the most vulnerable i.e., the elderly.
I believe that highlighting it through your newspaper would bring it to the attention of the proper authorities so that they can take appropriate and legal steps to ensure the safety of the elderly at the earliest.
Thanking you,
Yours respectfully,
Sangeeta/Sohan
OR
12, Mall Road
Chandigarh
10th March 20XX
The Manager
Alex Software
Pune
Subject: Application for the post of a Software Engineer
Sir/Madam,
In response to your advertisement in the Pune Times dated January, 20XX for the post of a software engineer, I hereby offer my candidature for the same. I believe that my skills and qualifications match your requirements.
I have worked as a software engineer at GnC for the last eight years. It has been my dream to work in this sector which is playing such an important role in the development of society. My area of specialty is user interface and coding. I have been appreciated for my efficiency by my previous employers. If given the opportunity, I am sure I will be able to prove my capabilities to you as well.
I would be glad to get this opportunity and speak more about my work in a personal interview. I am available to come to Pune at your convenience. Thank you so much for reading my letter and for considering me for this position. I am enclosing my detailed resume for your perusal.
Sincerely,
Shikha / Saurabh
Encl. : Detailed Resumeand Work Experience
Certificate

RESUME

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 6
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi 7

Question 5.
Career conscious students focus primarily on academics and neglect participation in games and sports, not realising how important physical activities are. You are Vineet/Vinita. Prepare a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly of your school on the topic, ‘Balancing Academics and Sports/ [10]
OR
Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion: 21st century is an age of greed’.
Answer:
BALANCING ACADEMICS AND SPORTS
Dear audience, Good morning to all. I, Vineet/ Vinita, feel extremely happy as it’s a matter of great privilege for me to deliver a speech on the topic, “Balancing Academics and Sports”.
Today is a beautiful day for playing outside, and yet, many of our students and my fellow classmates, will skip the chance to play in favour of another round of revision of our study materials. This is done in hopes of improving their scores and having a better career, a better future. However, in doing so, they are ignoring one very important factor that is essential for a successful future i.e., health.

While pulling away from the books to play or participate in sports for a while might sound like a huge sacrifice, it is a necessity. Finding a balance between sports and academics ensures success in the future. It has been proven that our brain cannot process all the information given to it without breaks. Sports and other physical activities help our brain process things faster. Focusing solely on academics leads to anxiety, distress and depression in students.
I would like to conclude this speech by saying that health is something to be treasured, we can never regain it if lost. Hence, Sports should be an integral part of the curriculum. Focusing all our energy on academics at such a crucial age can have a huge effect that can change our lives. Thanks to all for being so generous in listening to my views so attentively and patiently.
OR
21ST CENTURY IS AN AGE OF GREED
Respected chairperson, members of the jury and my worthy opponents, I, xyz of class XII am glad to have the opportunity today to argue against the motion that “21st Century is an age of greed”.

The notion that the 21st century is full of greed is one that is easy to arrive at. Today we have more material comfort than we probably know what to do with and a great divide in the incomes that people earn. Yet, we are in a time when more people are giving to charity than ever before. In the past few years, those who can, have started donating generously to multiple causes. There exist NGO’s and charities that help people with everything from getting back onto their feet after a natural disaster to curing terminal illnesses. What is important to note is not just that these charities exist, but that there is an increasing number of people giving generously towards various causes. As a matter of fact, social media has played an important role in encouraging people to donate to the right medium.

To conclude, I would like to point out that while there is an increasing number of products, technological advances and services people are paying for, there is a balanced increase in the amount that people are giving to those in need. Thank You!

SECTION – C

(LITERATURE : TEXTBOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT)
Question 8.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30 – 40 words each: [3 × 4 = 12]
(a) What are the two most admirable qualities in Mukesh ?
(b) What is wrong with Jansie’s outlook on life?
(c) What does Neruda wish fishermen and warmongers to do ?
(d) How is the Derry we meet at the beginning different from the Derry at the end ?
(e) Why was the General apologetic when Sadao told him that the prisoner had escaped?
(f) Why did Zitkala-Sa oppose tooth and nail the shingling of her long hair ?
Answer:
(a) Two admirable qualities in Mukesh are that he dares to dream and is focused on achieving them. Mukesh refuses to accept his destiny as a bangle-maker like his father and ancestors. He is ready to walk the long distance from his house to the garage where could learn to be a motor mechanic which he aims to be.
(b) Jansie is too pragmatic towards how she percieves things to be. She is not flexible about her dreams and believes that she will continue to be in the position that they currently live in Jansie is realistic and constantly keeps Sophie’s day-dreaming in check.
(c) Neruda is a lover of peace and non-violence. He wishes that the fishermen do not hunt the whales in the cold regions. He also wishes that the warmongers who normally indulge in wars and violence, walk with their brothers in some of their best clothes in the shade of trees, doing nothing.
(d) Derry at the beginning of the story is a very negative person and because of his ugly appearance, hides away from the crowds. He believes that the acid has eaten his skin and him alive. He feels that he doesn’t need any second chance to live. However, Derry at the end of the story is more optimistic and practical. He decides to live happily by being friendlier with people.
(e) The General believed that Sadao was indispensable to his life as none were as skilled as Dr Sadao. When Sadao told him about the prisoner who had escaped, he was apologetic as he had forgotten about his promise of sending assassins to kill the enemy, that he made to Sadao, in his greed and selfish needs.
(f) Zitkala-Sa opposed tooth and nail the shingling of her long hair because she remembered her mother’s words. Her mother told her that shingling of the hair was done to the prisoners of the war. In their culture, only mourners and cowards kept short hair.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Outside Delhi Set – III

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

SECTION – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question 5.
Respect for law, concern for others and maintaining a clean environment are some of the qualities of a civilized person. It is sad that we do not pay much attention to them. You are Shoma/Sonu. Write a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly on the topic, ‘Importance of Civic Sense’. [10]
OR
Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion:
‘Money is the only thing that matters in today’s life’.
Answer:
IMPORTANCE OF CIVIC SENSE
Dear Friends and Faculty, I, Shoma/Sonu of class XII-C, wish all of you a very good Morning. I am privileged to present my views on the importance of civic sense with you today.

How often have we seen people spitting on the roadside? How often have we seen people standing, watching someone else in pain? How many of us leave the lights on when we don’t really need it?

We see these things on a daily basis. We curse the people who do these things but then we do it ourselves too. We say to ourselves, “Why should I stop when no one else is?” We forget that every single person’s actions matter.

We live in a time where we stand at the edge of irreversible changes. In such a time, it becomes more important than ever that we hold on to our civic sense. If we continue to live as individuals rather than a society on this planet, just functioning based on rules that ensure our mere survival, then there will come a time when the society will never be the same. Knowing this, it becomes even more important to emphasize the importance that civic sense can have in our very lives. It is high time that we all start to live with civic sense and social mannerism for a cleaner and healthier environment. This will help us change the society at the earliest.
Thank you.
OR

MONEY IS THE ONLY THING THAT MATTERS IN TODAY’S LIFE

Honourable judges, teachers and my worthy opponents, today, I am glad to receive this opportunity to present to you my side for the argument “Money is the only thing that matters in today’s life”.

In today’s society, having money can be the difference between life and death. It has become common knowledge to know that one can get anywhere if the right people are on your side. The way our society is built, the value placed on money and having more of it has lead to the rise of Billionaires with so much wealth that they no longer are in touch with how the common man survives and in the same place, we have people who cannot access basic necessities because of the lack of funds.

This disparity does not reduce as time goes on, it grows. This is because access to good education, high-paying jobs and better accommodations are available only to those who have the money to afford it. While it is easy to say that the younger generations place less importance on money, it is only those with money that can say this. Without money, one cannot get anywhere in today’s society. At the end of the day, one can’t help but agree that money moves the world around .

Question 6.
The tendency to use violence at the slightest provocation and thus to solve personal and general problems is growing among people in our society. This is not a civilized way of dealing with the problems. Violence solves no problem; it must be shunned. Write a article in 150-200 words on the topic, You are Shan/ Shobha. [10]
OR
The Fine Arts Club of your school celebrated its tenth anniversary in a grand manner. Distinguished artists Pt. Jasraj, Hariprasad Chaurasia and the veteran Kathak dancer Shovana Narayan graced the occasion and enthralled the audience by their mesmerizing compositions. Shovana Narayan’s graceful movements were a delight to watch. The function ended with two lilting songs by Shambu, a class 10th student of your school. Write a report in 150-200 words on the event, to be published in your school magazine. You are Sohan/Sakhi, Secretary of the Club.
Answer:
‘DON’T TAKE LAW INTO YOUR OWN HANDS.

By Shobha / Shan
“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” This was stated by Mahatma Gandhi when our nation was fighting for its independence from the British Raj. Yet, today our nation faces the growing problem of violence at the slightest provocation.

All it takes for a violent attack on another person is their presence. Women have been attacked for working at officer or studying in colleges because others believe they do not have the right to be there, people of different race or colour are abused and attacked verbally or physically simply for existing in a certain space. The tendency to hate is strong. There is a growing crowd of both victims and perpetrators and sometimes one can’t help but wonder if the need to rely on the laws of the land is indeed worthwhile.

Sadly, taking matters into ones hands are not the methods through which problems are truly solved. All violence does is to breed more violence. It is important to take steps to help people find the right way to solve problems, through the use of words over actions. This can only be done if there are proper precautions in place for people who act out aggressively with the barest hint of provocation. It is time that we, as a society, look at the problem of violence more seriously and try to find a solution together.
OR
10th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FINE ARTS CLUB

By Sakhi / Sohan, Secretary of Fine Arts Club Last Friday marked the tenth anniversary of our school’s Fine Arts Club. To commemorate this achievement, a grand celebration was held to honour the milestones achieved by the club. The celebration, lasting nearly an entire day, included a variety of renowned artists and veterans of the business as well as performances by the club members. Held at the School Auditorium, the Club is proud to say that the entire hall was full of guests as well as audiences. Aside from the notable faces, the crowd also held parents of the club members as well as outsiders who had bought tickets to attend the event.

The audience was treated by performances of the distinguished artists such as Pt. Jasraj and Hariprasad Chaurasia. Their performances captivated the audience and their compositions moved the audience changing the air of the entire celebration. We were also graced with the veteran Kathak dancer Shovana Narayan who gave us the honour of performing on the stage. In grand finale of the show, there was two songs performed by Shambu, a class 10 student and a club member. The talented and heart-wrenching performance earned a standing ovation from the audience and there were requests for an encore, which we were unable to perform due to time constraints. The President of the club presented the vote of thanks after which light refreshments were served.

SECTION – C

(LITERATURE : TEXTBOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT)

Question 8.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30 – 40 words each: [3 × 4 = 12]
(a) What steps did Gandhiji take to remove the cultural and social backwardness in the rural areas of Champaran ?
(b) Why was the crofter so kind and generous to the peddler ?
(c) Give examples from ‘Keeping Quiet’ to show that Neruda was peace loving.
(d) How did Annan’s advice to his sister Bama impact her ?
(e) What dilemma did Sadao and his wife face when they saw the wounded American soldier ?
(f) How did Jo want the story narrated by her father to end ?
Answer:
(a) The social and cultural backwardness in the rural areas of Champaran caused Gandhi a great pain. His appeal for teachers was responded by several people. In about six villages, primary schools were opened. Gandhi’s wife and youngest son also came to Champaran to help him. Kasturba taught personal cleanliness and community sanitation to the people. Gandhi also managed to get the help of a doctor who with three medicines, tried to fight the miserable health conditions of Champaran.

(b) The crofter was a lonely old man living all alone with no family. He craved for a human company. Therefore, when the peddler requested the old man for a shelter the old man, in his generosity and need for someone to talk, welcomed the peddler for supper.

(c) We know that the poet Neruda is a peace-loving person through several instances in the poem. He cares for both humans and nature. In the poem, Neruda wishes that fishermen do not hunt whales, he wants the man who is collecting salt to stop for a while and see the self-harm it is doing and lastly, he wishes that people who run about indulging in wars, to stop what they are doing and instead, embrace peace with their brothers.

(d) Annan told his sister Bama that they were born into the untouchable caste and they did not have any honor or dignity. The only way to earn their due respect was to go ahead in life by studying hard. These words changed Bama’s attitude towards life. She took her brother Annan’s advice seriously and excelled in her academics. She stood first in her class and this gained her the respect of people as well as friends.

(e) Dr. Sadao and his wife found the wounded American soldier on the beach near their house. The soldier needed an immediate medical attention which Dr.Sadao could give. If Dr. Sadao sheltered the American soldier, they could be arrested. However, if they handed the soldier to the police he would surely die. Thus, Dr. Sadao was in a dilemma.

(f) The story narrated by Jo’s father ended with Roger the skunk’s mother hitting the wizard for making her son smell like roses. Jo did not like this ending. She wanted the wizard to hit Roger’s mother back for not letting his

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7

Here we have provided Updated NCERT Solutions for Class 7 for 2019 Exams. NCERT Solutions clear your concepts to the core ensuring to stay with you in the long run. These are created by experts in accordance with the CBSE curriculum. You can find 100% accurate step-by-step solutions for every question in all the latest NCERT books. Practice with these daily to perform better in boards.

CBSE Class 7 Study Materials available here for free in PDF format. Students can easily download these materials and access offline. The materials are designed by our expert teachers as per the latest syllabus (2019-20) prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education. The study materials provided by LearnCBSE are NCERT solutions for class 7, revision notes, question papers, sample papers, syllabus and important questions. All these materials are provided for the important subjects such as Maths, Science, Social Science, English and Hindi, so that students can prepare and score well.

Class 7 students can access these materials as per their requirement and convenience. While solving questions of NCERT textbook they can refer to our solutions material to get the best answers which are easily understood. Also, while preparing for the exam they can make use of our revision notes, where the brief of all the important topics are given. Besides, last year question papers will help to get a knowledge of question pattern and marking scheme in the exam. To have more practice sample papers and important questions are given here. Click on the links given above to get the required material for grade 7.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8

Here we have provided Updated NCERT Solutions for Class 8 for 2019 CBSE Board Exams. NCERT Solutions clear your concepts to the core ensuring to stay with you in the long run. These are created by experts in accordance with the CBSE curriculum. You can find 100% accurate step-by-step solutions for every question in all the latest NCERT books. Practice with these daily to perform better in boards.

CBSE Class 8 study materials by LearnCBSE are the best materials to prepare for the final exams. The materials here are provided here for free in PDF format, for all the students. These materials can be easily downloaded and accessed offline as well. Our subject experts and experienced teachers have prepared these materials keeping in mind the latest syllabus(2019-20). Using these materials the students will find it easy to prepare for the exams and score excellent marks. The important materials provided here for Maths, Science, Social Science, English and Hindi subjects are syllabus as per CBSE, solutions for NCERT textbooks, sample papers, previous year question papers, important questions and revision notes.

Students of 8th standard can always use these materials as per their need. Revision notes will help them to have a quick look on all the important concepts, whereas the solutions will give them the best methods to answer the questions in an easier and quicker way. Students can also make use of last year question papers to get an idea of question pattern and practice more questions using sample papers to get an excel on topics.

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 8 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2012 Outside Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2012 Outside Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions
  • very carefully and follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2012 Outside Delhi Set – I

Section – A
(READING) 20

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [12]
1. While there is no denying that the world loves a winner, it is important that you recognise the signs of stress in your behaviour and be healthy enough to enjoy your success. Stress can strike anytime, in a fashion that may leave you unaware of its presence in your life. While a certain amount of pressure is necessary for performance, it is important to be able to recognize your individual limit. For instance, there are some individuals who accept competition in a healthy fashion. There are others who collapse into weeping wrecks before an exam or on comparing mark sheets and finding that their friend has scored better.

2. Stress is a body reaction to any demands or changes in its internal and external environment. Whenever there is a change in the external environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and working conditions, it leads to stress. In these days of competition when a person makes up his mind to surpass what has been achieved by others, leading to an imbalance between demands and resources, it causes psycho-social stress. It is a part and parcel of everyday life.

3. Stress has a different meaning, depending on the stage of life you are in. The loss of a toy or a reprimand from the parents might create a stress shock in a child. An adolescent who fails in the examination may feel as if everything has been lost and life has no further meaning. In an adult the loss of his or her companion, job or professional failure may appear as if there is nothing more to be achieved.

4. Such signs appear in the attitude and behaviour of the individual, as muscle tension in various parts of the body, palpitation and high blood pressure, indigestion and hyperacidity. Ultimately the result is self-destructive behaviour such as eating and drinking too much, smoking excessively, relying on tranquilisers. There are other signs of stress such as trembling, shaking, nervous blinking, dryness of throat and mouth and difficulty in swallowing.

5. The professional under stress behaves as if he is a perfectionist. It leads to depression, lethargy and weakness. Periodic mood shifts also indicate the stress status of the students, executives and professionals.

6. In a study sponsored by World Health Organisation and carried out by Harvard School of Public Health, the global burden of diseases and injury indicated that stress diseases and accidents are going to be the major killers in 2020.

7. The heart disease and depression – both stress diseases-are going to rank first and second in 2020. Road traffic accidents are going to be the third largest killers. These accidents are also an indicator of psychosocial stress in a fast-moving society. Other stress diseases like ulcers, hypertension and sleeplessness have assumed epidemic proportions in modern societies.

8. A person under stress reacts in different ways and the common ones are flight, fight and flee depending upon the nature of the stress and capabilities of the person. The three responses can be elegantly chosen to cope with the stress so that stress does not damage the system and become distress.

9. When a stress crosses the limit, peculiar to an individual, it lowers his performance capacity. Frequent crossings of the limit may result in chronic fatigue in which a person feels lethargic, disinterested and is not easily motivated to achieve anything. This may make the person mentally undecided, confused and accident prone as well. Sudden exposure to un-nerving stress may also result in a loss of memory. Diet, massage, food supplements, herbal medicines, hobbies, relaxation techniques and dance movements are excellent stress busters.
(a) (i) What is stress? What factors lead to stress? [2]
(ii) What are the signs by which a person can know that he is under stress? [2]
(iii) What are the different diseases a person gets due to stress? [2]
(iv) Give any two examples of stress busters. [1]
(v) How does a person react under stress? [2]
Answer:
(i) Stress is a body reaction to any demands or changes in its internal and external environment. Whenever there is a change in the external environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and working conditions, it leads to stress and when there is an imbalance between demands and resources, it causes psycho-social stress.

(ii) A muscle tension in various parts of the body, palpitation, high blood pressure, indigestion and hyper-acidity are the signs that appear in the attitude and behavior of a person under stress. There are other signs also such as trembling, shaking, nervous blinking, dryness of throat and mouth and difficulty in swallowing.

(iii) The different diseases caused due to stress are heart disease, depression, ulcers, hypertension and sleeplessness.

(iv) Relaxation techniques and dance movements are two examples of stress busters.

(v) A person under stress reacts in different ways and the common ones are flight, fight and flee depending upon the nature of stress and capabilities of the person.

(b) Which words in the above passage mean the same as the following ? [3]
(i) fall down (para 1)
(ii) Rebuke (para 3)
(iii) Inactive (para 9)
Answer:
(i) Collapse
(ii) Reprimand
(iii) Lethargic

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [8]
Research has shown that the human mind can process words at the rate of about 500 per minute, whereas a speaker speaks at the rate of about 150 words a minute. The difference between the two at 350 is quite large.

So, a speaker must make every effort to retain the attention of the audience and the listener should ‘ also be careful not to let his mind wander. Good communication calls for good listening skills. A good speaker must necessarily be a good listener. Listening starts with hearing but goes beyond. , Hearing, in other words is necessary, but is not a sufficient condition for listening. Listening ‘ involves hearing with attention. Listening is , a process that calls for concentration. While listening, one should also be observant.

In other words, listening has to do with the ears, as well as with the eyes and the mind. Listening is to be understood as the total process that involves • hearing with attention, being observant and making interpretations. Good communication is essentially an interactive process. It calls for participation and involvement. It is quite often a dialogue rather than a monologue. It is necessary to be interested and also show or make it abundantly clear that one is interested in knowing what the other person has to say. Good listening is an art that can be cultivated. It relates to skills that can be developed.

A good listener knows the art of getting much more than what the speaker is trying to convey. He knows how to prompt, persuade but not to cut off or interrupt what the other person has to say. At times the speaker may or may not be coherent, articulate and well-organized in I his thoughts and expressions. He may have it 1 in his mind and yet he may fail to marshal the s right words while communicating his thought.

Nevertheless a good listener puts him at ease, helps him articulate and facilitates him to get across the message that he wants to convey. For listening to be effective, it is also necessary that barriers to listening are removed. Such barriers can be both physical and psychological. Physical barriers generally relate to hindrances to proper hearing whereas psychological barriers are more fundamental and relate to the interpretation and evaluation of the speaker and the message.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes in points only, using abbreviations wherever necessary. Supply a suitable title. [5]
Title: Qualities of a Good Listener
(i) Diff. between mind and spkr.
(a) mind press fstr than spkr
(b) good communication rqrs good lisng, skills
(c) good spkr should be a good lisnr,

(ii) Diff. between lisng. and hearing.
(a) hearing not sufficient
(b) lisng involves attntn and concentration
(c) lisng. requires participation and involve¬ment

(iii) good lisng is an art
(a) good lisnr knows better than spkr
(b) when spkr. fails, lisnr. helps
(c) barriers for lisng. should be removed

Abbreviations Used

Diff – difference

Spkr – speaker

Press – process

Fstr – faster

Rqrs – requires

Lisng – listening

Lisnr – listener

Attntn – attention

(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. [3]
SUMMARY
The processing of words can be done by human mind at a faster rate than the speed with which the speaker speaks. Therefore, the speaker must be attentive and listener should also be careful. Good speaker must be a good listener too. Listening is hearing with concentration. Good listening is an art and a good listener grasps faster what the speaker is trying to tell. When speaker fails, listener helps. But for listening, certain physical and psychological barriers should be removed.

SECTION – B
(WRITING SKILLS)    35

Question 3.
You are Mohan/Mohini, General Manager of P.K. industries, Hyderabad. You need an accountant for your company. Draft, in not more than 50 words, an advertisement to be published in ‘The Hindu’, in classified columns. [5]
OR
You lost your Titan wrist watch in your school. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words, to be placed on your school notice board. You are a student of class XII of Rani Ahalya Devi Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Sign as Rani/Ram.
Answer:

ACCOUNTANT WANTED

CA/M.Com, preferably experienced, below 30 years of age, must have sound knowledge of computers and good communication skills. Salary negotiable. Interested candidates.

May contact: Mohini/Mohan, General
Manager, P.K. Industries, Hyderabad

OR

RANI AHALYA DEVI SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL, GWALIOR
NOTICE

14th August, 20XX

LOST AND FOUND

I have lost a Titan wrist watch with silver dial and black straps during lunch break in the school playground on 13th Aug. 20XX. If anybody happens to find it, kindly return it to the undersigned.
Rani/Ram
Class-XII

 

Question 4.
Your school has recently arranged a musical night in the school auditorium. Write a report in 100-125 words on this programme, for your school magazine. You are Mahima/Mahesh, Cultural Secretary of Vasant Vihar Public School, Itarsi. Invent the details. [10]
OR
You witnessed a fire accident in a slum area near your colony on Saturday night. You were very much disturbed at the pathetic sight. Write a report in 100-125 words for your school magazine. You are Lakshmi/Lakshman, a student of P.D.K. International School, Madurai.
Answer:
MUSICAL NIGHT
By Mahima/Mahesh (Cultural Secretary)
Vasant Vihar Public School, Itarsi had arranged a musical night in the school auditorium last week. The chief guest of the function was none other than the very popular singer Mr. Abhijeet Singh. Our Principal, honorable Mr. M.P. Sharma welcomed him with a bouquet and a garland of roses. The auditorium was jam-packed. The theme of the program was the fusion of the Indian and Western music. One could see the exuberant enthusiasm of the budding artists while performing. In the category of 10-15 years, the children grasped the attention of the audience the most as they played the musical instruments themselves and entertained the crowd with their line-up songs. The old songs caught the attention of the public more than the new ones. The function concluded with the song sung by Mr. Abhijeet Singh on the demand of public.
OR

A FIRE ACCIDENT
By Lakshmi/Lakshman
P.D.K. International School, Madurai On Saturday night, I was busy doing my project work when suddenly I heard a loud noise from the nearby slum area. I could not resist the temptation to see and found a huge gathering outside. The fire was gulping everything it could and high flames and smoke had covered the whole sky. People were pouring buckets of water on the flames of fire. Some of the people were trapped in and were crying for help. Few of them were able to escape but their belongings were burnt. Two children could not tolerate the suffocating smoke and were succumbed to it. Two women and four children had become unconscious and suffered severe burns on their bodies… They were rushed to the hospital. Fire could be controlled only after the arrival of the fire brigade. The scene was of complete disaster, nothing could be saved. It was later found that fire broke out due to short circuit in one of the nearby shops.

Question 5.
Write a letter to the station master, Anand, informing him about the loss of your suitcase which you realized only on alighting at Anand. You travelled by Navjivan express from Chennai to Anand. You are Priya/Prasad of 12, Kasuri Bai Street, Chennai-20. [10]
OR
As a parent, write a letter to the Principal, ABC School Delhi, requesting him/her to grant your ward Akhil/Asha Arora, permission to attend the school two hours late for a month as he/she has to attend the coaching classes arranged by Sports Authority of India, on being selected for participation in National Swimming Championship.
Answer:
12, Kasturi Bai Street,
Chennai-20

4th July, 20XX

The Stationmaster,
Anand

Subject: Enquiry for the lost suitcase.
Dear Sir,
I wish to bring to your notice that I boarded the train, Navjivan Express, from Chennai to Anand on 1st July, 20XX after attending a seminar held by National Educational Conference in Chennai. I was travelling in Coach No. G-17. On reaching Anand, I realzed that I have lost my suitcase somewhere in between the journey. It is a ‘Skybag’ which is black in colour and contains papers related to educational of its conference. There is a tag hanging on the side of it with my name Priya/Prasad, written on it.
Kindly, look for it and inform me.
Yours faithfully’
Priya/Prasad
OR
XYZ Colony,
Delhi.

17th August, 20XX

The Principal ABC School,
Delhi.

Subject: Permission to attend the school two hours late.
Respected Sir,
My son/daughter, Akhil/Asha Arora, studies in your school in class IX. He/she is counted among the brilliant students of your school and . has cleared the orientation cum selection camp of Junior Science Olympiad held at Mumbai. Apart y from academics, he/she has also been selected for the National Swimming Championship which is going to be held in coming September. Therefore, he/she has to attend the coaching classes in the morning shift from 7 to 9 a.m. arranged by the Sports Authority of India. So, it is quite impossible for him/her to reach school on time. I humbly request you to grant him/ her permission to attend the school two hours late for a month and I promise you that his/ her studies won’t be affected at all and he/she would submit his/her work of all the subjects in time. I shall be highly obliged.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
Akash Arora
(Father)

Question 6.
Dance, as shown in some reality shows on TV, seems to be a mix of Gymnastics and P.T. exercises. Actually, it is neither. India has a rich tradition of classical and folk dances. Write an article in 150-200 words on the need to have a reality show exclusively based on Indian classical dances. You are Anu/Arun. [10]
OR
You are Ajay/Anu, Head Boy/Girl of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kanpur. You have seen some students of junior classes littering the school compound and verandahs with tiffin left-overs. It makes the school look unclean and untidy. Write a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly, advising such students to keep the school neat and clean.
Answer:
DECLINING STANDARD OF DANCE SHOWS
By Anu/Arun
Dance reality shows, which are very popular nowadays, have lost their old charm due to a decline in the standard of dance. Now they are just a mixture of gymnastics and P.T. exercises. The participants of the Indian reality shows like ‘Dance India Dance’, ‘Little Champs’ etc., receive special training on how to dance on the television but they do not normally go for Indian classical dance. It is our responsibility now to revive it. Classical dance forms have come from ancient dance discipline and it has a great cultural value in India. It is embedded with Indian tradition from the pre-historic period. It has different forms in different states of India. Some of them are Kathakali, Bharatanatyam, Odissi, Kuchipudi. The dance forms based on these should be shown on reality shows so as to make our modem generation acquaint with their tradition and culture. These dance forms also have a soothing effect on the behaviour, mind and the soul against the western dance which are aggressive and provocative. So, there is a ray of hope that one day, the days of classical dance would return.
OR
Respected Principal, worthy teachers and my dear friends. Today I, Anu/Ajay, Head Girl/Boy of the school, am going to present my views on the topic “Cleanliness.”

Our country is also known as the ‘Nation of Bapu’, but we do not fulfill his dreams totally. He was the man of principles and his main motto was to keep our country clean, but how many of us follow the morals and ethics of Bapu? In a way, by not following his principles, we are showing disrespect towards him. I’m saying this because yesterday, after the lunch was over, I saw some of our junior friends littering the school compound, playground and verandahs with tiffin left-overs. Do you know that the filth scattered everywhere becomes the feeding place for flies and mosquitoes? This not only makes the school look dirty and unclean but also reflects one’s personality and life. This is the place where we come to earn values and it is our moral duty to keep it clean. Even the government has started ‘keep your city clean’ campaign. So children, please cooperate and this habit begin from your school.
In the end, I request all the students to make proper use of dustbins to keep your school neat and clean.
Thank you.

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOKS)  45

Question 7.
(a) Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Far far from gusty waves these children’s faces, Like rootless weeds, the hair tom around their pallor:
The tall girl with her weighted down head. The paper-Seeming boy, with rat’s eyes
(i) What are the children compared to ? [1]
(ii) Why do you think the girl is sitting with a weighted down head ? [1]
(iii) Give two phrases which tell us that the children are under-nourished. [2]
Answer:
(i) The children are compared to rootless weeds as they have pale faces and tom hair scattered all over their faces.
(ii) The girl is sitting with a weighed down head because she is depressed and ill due to poverty and embarrassed due to lack of education.
(iii) (a) paper-seeming boy (b) rat’s eyes.

(b) Answer any three of the following in 30-40 words each: [2 × 3 = 6]
(i) What were the poet’s feelings at the airport? How did she hide them?
(ii) How can suspension of activities help?
(iii) Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with the ‘mighty dead’?
(iv) How do the words ‘denizens and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of Aunt Jennifer’s tigers?
Answer:
(i) The poet’s feelings at the airport were of fear of separation from her mother which was also her childhood fear. She hid those feelings by smiling again and again and promised her mother to meet her soon.

(ii) Remaining quiet for some time suspending our activities helps us to assess ourselves and self analyse our activities for mental relaxation.

(iii) Grandeur is associated with the mighty dead because the huge tombs and buildings are erected in the memory of great personalities 9. and they become more important than they were when alive.

(iv) The tigers are the kings of jungle and they ’ are supposed to be the bravest species on Earth. They have a respectable position in
the animal kingdom. So, they are fearless inhabitants and symbolise Aunt Jennifer’s attitude.

Question 8.
Answer the following in 30-40 words each : [2 × 5 = 10]
(a) How did M. Hamel say farewell to his students and the people of the town?
(b) Who was the owner of Ramjso iron mills ? Why did he visit the mills at night?
(c) Why did Douglas go to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire ? How did he make his terror flee?
(d) Why could the bangle makers not organize themselves into a cooperative?
(e) Why did Sophie not want Jansie to know anything about her meeting with Danny Casey?
Answer:
(a) M. Hamel gave his last lesson with full devotion and sincerity. He sat erect in his chair and looked pale. The students were quiet and all the villagers were sitting in the last benches. M. Hamel told them French was the most beautiful language and the importance of one’s language.

(b) The ironmaster was the owner of the Ramjso iron mills. He generally visited the mills at night to check the working in the mill as he wanted to bring out the good quality of iron in the market.

(c) Douglas went to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire to overcome his fear of water as he was not sure that terror had left him even after the training. He made his terror flee by swimming two miles in the lake all alone to get rid of his fear.

(d) The young bangle makers could not organize themselves into a cooperative due to fear of police and many of them had already fallen prey of the middlemen. Further, they did not have any leader to help them.

(e) In Sophie’s view, Jansie was a stupid girl who had no sense of keeping any secret. If she had told about her meeting with Daney, there was a possibility that Jansie would tell it to everybody and her father would be angry.

Question 9.
Answer the following in 125-150 words: [10]
Give an account of Gandhiji’s efforts to secure * justice for the poor Indigo sharecroppers of Champaran.
Answer:
Gandhiji went to Champaran to solve the poor sharecroppers’ problems and their exploitation in the hands of British planters. He started collecting facts. Muzaffarpur’s lawyers gave him the details of the court case. The British landlords as well as the commissioner did not cooperate with him. With the help of lawyers, Gandhiji collected the depositions by ten thousand peasants and other evidences were also gathered. He prepared documents and started investigations at the warfront in spite of protests from the landlords. He was even summoned by the Lieutenant Governor. After a long process, an official commission enquiry was set up to look into the reality of the matter. The enquiry collected many evidences against the British planters. Gandhiji was the only representative of the poor shareholders who had their complete faith in him and Gandhiji was able to get justice for them. Finally, the landlords agreed to make 25 percent refunds to the peasants. The farmers were influenced by this and got courage to fight for their rights. Within years, the planters gave up their possession and indigo sharecropping ended. The peasants became the owner of their lands.

Question 10.
Answer the following in 125-150 words : [7]
How was ‘injured’ McLeery able to befool the prison officers ?
OR
What impression do you form about Dr. Sadao as a man and as a surgeon on your reading the chapter ‘The Enemy’ ?
Answer:
Injured McLeery was in fact Evans himself. He ditched the prison officers and was able to escape. He told the officers in broken phrases that he knew where Evans could be found. He told them not to worry about the ambulance but arrange for the police. He asked Jackson to call for the Governor and drew his attention towards the German question paper which was lying on the table. On reading tire question paper and translating it slowly, he got to know that Evans had fled from Elsfield Way and drived to the Headington round about. Meanwhile, the police had arrived and McLeery asked him to go to Elsfield Way. The Governor told Carter to take injured McLeery with him to a hospital but he befooled them and succeeded in escaping.
OR
Dr. Sadao was a Japanese surgeon and a scientist. He loved his Japanese culture and that’s why he married a Japanese girl Hana, in the traditional way, whom he met while studying in America. He married her only after getting the consent of his father which showed that he respected his father. He was intelligent and dedicated towards his work. He studied surgery in America for eight years and then returned back to his country to serve his own countrymen. He had two children. The old General Takima had full faith in him and was under his treatment. Dr. Sadao was not sent abroad with the Japanese troop. Dr. Sadao was a true surgeon. He remembered his oath and did not let an enemy die although his and his family’s life were both in danger. He also helped him in escaping from the place in the interest of his professional ethics and on humanitarian ground.

Question 11.
Answer the following in 30-40 words each: [2 × 4 = 8]
(a) Why was the Maharaja so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger?
(b) How does Jo want the story to end?
(c) What peculiar things does Derry notice about the old man, Lamb?
Answer:
(a) According to an astrologer’s prediction, Maharaja would be killed by the hundredth tiger, so when he had killed 99 tigers and only one tiger was left, he felt relieved as he would be free from all types of fear.

(b) Jo wants an entirely different ending. She does not want the skunk to be shunned by his friends for a lifetime. Therefore, she wanted that Wizard to hit the mother of Roger Skunk who wants him to smell foul again.

(c) Derry notices that Mr. Lamb is different from others. He motivates him to overcome his physical disability. His house is also different with no curtains on the windows in order to see the beauty of outer world.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2012 Outside Delhi Set – II

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in the previous set.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are Ratan/Rani, General Manager of Hotel Green Park, Lucknow. You need a receptionist for your hotel. Draft an advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in ‘Hindustan Times’, Lucknow, calling for applications. [5]
OR
You have lost your leather wallet containing your Examination Entry Ticket for class XII, while travelling by bus from Banshankari to M.G. Road in Bangalore. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, to be published in ‘Deccan Herald’. You are Pranav/Parveen, 12, Gandhi
Road, Bangalore.
Answer:

RECEPTIONIST WANTED

Looking for a young talented receptionist with a pleasing personality, below 25 years of age, should have good command over spoken English. Interested may apply before 25th February.

Contact: Rani/Ratan
General Manager
Hotel Green Park,
Lucknow

OR

NOTICE

12, Feb. 20XX

ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION!

I have lost my leather wallet somewhere in the bus while travelling from Banshankari to M.G. Road, Bangalore. It is of dark brown colour and contains my Examination Entry Ticket for class XII. If anybody happens to find it, kindly inform to the undersigned. A reward is promised.

Parveen/Pranav
12, Gandhi Road, Bangalore.

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOKS)

Question 7.
(b) (iii) What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings? (A Thing Of Beauty)
Answer:
We have lots of sufferings and pain in our life. There are gloomy days, despair, a dearth of noble nature, over-darkened ways in human life, but things of beauty gives us hope to love life. The sun, the moon, daffodils, etc., give us aesthetic pleasure and distract us from the ugly side of things in life.

Question 8.
Answer the following in 30-40 words each: [2 × 5 = 10]
(b) How did the ironmaster react on seeing the stranger lying close to the furnace?
Answer:
The ironmaster was on his surprise rounds on the Christmas Eve. He discovered ‘ a peddler in the dim light of the furnace and mistook him for one of his old acquaintances.

Question 9.
Answer the following in 125-150 words: [10]
How did the instructor make Douglas a good swimmer?
OR
The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhiji’s life. Elucidate.
Answer:
Douglas was afraid of water due to an incident in his childhood. Because of this fear he could not enjoy the water sports like boating, canoeing and swimming so he thought of conquering his fear and took an instructor to teach him swimming. The instructor tied a belt around him. A rope was attached to it that went through a pulley that ran on a cable overhead. This was done so that Douglas would not drown. The instructor then held one end of that rope and they went back and forth. Within three months of training, the fear of water became less. Then he told him to exhale under water and inhale above water. This exercise was repeated several times. The instructor held him on the edge of the pool and he kicked his legs. Douglas perfected each exercise and thus, became a good swimmer.
OR
On Shukla’s complaint about the injustice of the British landlords, Gandhiji went to Bihar with him and there he heard the problems of peasants and came to know about their pathetic situation. He was resolved to fight for the peasants and release the poor sharecroppers from the British landlords. From Patna, he went to Muzaffarpur where he met the lawyers and convinced them that they were there to serve the peasants. He also rebuked them for charging big fees from the poor sharecroppers. His main aim was to make the peasants fearless as the freedom from fear was more important than the legal justice to them. To set an example before them, he himself went to the jail, although he was a stranger there. Seeing this, the lawyers also agreed for the court arrest and the contribution of the peasants and the poor sharecroppers to the freedom movement without any violence. Therefore, Champaran episode proved to be a turning point in his life as he understood that people of India could win freedom by truth and non-violence.

Question 10.
Answer the following in 125 – 150 words : [7]
In spite of the precaution taken by the Governor, Evans was able to escape. How do you think he was able to do it?
Answer:
Evans was a clever and a cunning prisoner who befooled all the prison officers and escaped under a plan. He showed his desire to take an O-level examination in German. He was the only student, so the Governor had appointed a German teacher to teach him. Because the Governor had not checked the teacher, a friend of Evans joined as a teacher. After ten months, the examination was arranged in the cell itself. Reverend McLeery was the invigilator who was duped by him and a friend of Evans came as an invigilator. He carried a semi-inflated tube with him and a pair of reading glasses. Evans had a connection with the examination board, which helped him in knowing the places he would go after his escape from the prison. Two calls to the board helped him to ask for prison van and giving instructions to Stephens. Near the examination board, Evans injured McLeery and changed his make-up. The prison officer and the driver, who drove the prison van were also his friends.
OR
Why did Sadao Hoki go to America? Narrate his experience there?
Answer: Sadao Hoki was a famous Japanese surgeon and scientist. He went to America to study medicine and surgery. His father wanted him to be highly educated and that was the reason that he was sent to America at the age of twenty-two. He remained in America for eight years and then returned to his own country Japan. His father, whose soul aim was to see him as a successful personality, was fulfilled. Before his death, Sadao became a renowned surgeon and a scientist.

He faced great difficulty while studying in America. First of all, he could not find a place to live because he was a Japanese and the Americans were full of prejudice for their race. Anyhow, he was given a place to live by an old and dirty woman in her miserable house. But fortunately, one of his American Professors and his wife were kind enough to do something for their foreign students but they had small rooms. The food was tasteless and it was very difficult to adjust with both husband and wife in that house.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2012 Outside Delhi Set – III

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
As student Editor, draft a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board inviting articles from the students for your school magazine. You are Rohan/Rupini of Vasant Vihar School, Pune. [5]
OR
Write an advertisement in not more than 50 words for the Lost and Found column of the ‘National Herald’, Lucknow stating the loss of your wallet containing a D.D. for Rs. 32,500 and some cash, while travelling by bus from Hazratganj to Nirala Nagar in Lucknow. You are Raman/Rupa, 22A Hazratganj, Lucknow.
Answer:

VASANT VIHAR SCHOOL, PUNE
NOTICE

12th September, 20XX

ARTICLES FOR SCHOOL MAGAZINE

All the students are invited to give articles, poems, stories or other writing material for the school magazine which is going to be published next month for the year 20XX-XX. Contact to the undersigned latest by 25th September, 20XX.
Rohan/Rupini
Student Editor
School Magazine

OR

NOTICE

16th November, 20XX

LOST! LOST! LOST!

Lost a black-coloured leather wallet, containing a D.D. for ₹ 32,500 and some cash, somewhere in the bus on Hazratganj-Nirala Nagar route on 14th November 20XX. If anybody finds it, kindly inform to the undersigned.
Rupa/Raman
22A, Hazratganj, Lucknow

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOKS)

Question 7.
(b) (iii) Describe any three things of beauty mentioned in the poem, ‘A Thing of Beauty’.
Answer:
The three things of beauty mentioned. in the poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’ are-the blossoming of daffodils, musk roses and the clear streams among mountains.

Question 8.
(b)Why didn’t the stranger tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof? [2 × 5 = 10]
Answer:
The stranger didn’t tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof because he thought that the ironmaster might give him some kronors thinking him to be an old acquaintance. Therefore, he hid his real identity.

Question 9.
Answer the following in 125-150 words : [10]
Why did Rajkumar Shukla invite Gandhiji to Champaran? How did Gandhiji solve the problem of the indigo farmers?
Answer:
Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant who was from Champaran district in Bihar. He came to Lucknow in December at annual convention of the Indian National Congress to make a complaint to Gandhiji about the plight of the sharecroppers. Gandhiji went to Champaran when he received the report of exploitation of the poor peasants. He began gathering the evidences. The British landlords as well as the commissioner did not cooperate with him in getting the facts. Lawyers were engaged to go to the court, they briefed him the case and gave him full support.

Gandhiji and the lawyers collected about ten thousand peasants.

The evidences and documents were also collected. The investigators started their investigations full-fledgedly. This was intolerable to the landlords and Gandhiji was summoned before the lieutenant Governor. After few interviews, an official inquiry was set up to look into the matter of sharecroppers’ condition. They got sufficient evidences against the planters and the peasants were refunded 25%. This was a huge victory for farmers and they got a lot of courage. Within a few years, the planters gave up their estates and peasants became the owner of the land.

Question 10.
Answer the following in 125-150 words : [7]
What purpose did the question paper and the correction slip serve? How did they help both the criminals and the governor?
OR
Why did Sadao help the American soldier to escape? How did he do it?
Answer:
The real purpose of the question paper and the correction slip was to provide Evans the plans of escaping from the cell. The sheet was cleverly superimposed. The correction slip also made the prison officers believe that the injured person was actually McLeery and he wanted to help them in tracing the criminal, Evans.

On the other hand, the question paper and the correction slip helped both the criminals as well as the Governor. The assistant secretary made a call to the Governor after the examination had started that he had forgotten to place a correction slip in the package. In fact, there was a clue in the slip for Evans that after escaping from the prison, he should go to Hotel Golden Lions. At the same time, this information helped the Governor to locate the Hotel where Evans was staying because Evans had written index number as 313 and the centre number as 271 which came out to be six figures 313/271 and with the help of ‘Ordnance Survey Map for Oxford shire’, the Governor reached the hotel. This was also a part of their plan. The Governor was made to trace Evans deliberately and eventually, Evans was able to dupe the Governor again and he finally escaped.
OR
Dr. Sadao was a man of principles. Once, when he was standing out of his house which was situated on the beach, he saw a man flung out of the ocean. He noticed that the man was a soldier of the enemy and was wounded badly. He thought of throwing him back into the ocean but could not do so. Although he had no love for Americans and he was a true patriot, he saved him realizing his sacred duty to save a dying man as a doctor. This brought open defiance of his domestic staff and they all left him. His wife had to do all the household work. Moreover, there was a high risk as he was sheltering an enemy. When he felt that the man was out of danger, he helped him to escape.

One night, Dr. Sadao put his boat on the shore with food, water, and some extra clothing. He asked the soldier to row the boat to a little island that was not too far from the coast. He gave him a flashlight too to signal him twice in case he fell short of food and signal once if everything was okay. One evening there was no signaling and Dr. Sadao understood that the man had gone safely on a Korean fishing boat.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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JEE Main January 2020 | Exam Date (Out), Registration, Eligibility, Syllabus

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JEE Main 2020: Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) is a national level undergraduate entrance examination which acts as a gateway for admissions into various B.E/B.Tech programs in India. Previously, the JEE Main exam was conducted by CBSE but from this year the JEE Main exam is conducted by NTA that is National Testing Agency. NTA has planned to conduct JEE Main exam twice a year that is the first attempt in the month of January and the second attempt in the month of April.

JEE Main 2020

The overview of JEE Main April 2020 is tabulated below

DescriptionDetails
Examination NameJoint Entrance Examination Main
Conducting BodyNational Testing Agency (NTA)
CategoryUndergraduate Examination
Level of ExamNational Level
Number of SessionsTwice in a year – January and April
Mode of ExaminationPaper-I – will be held completely held in Computer-based Mode
Paper-II – Mathematics and Aptitude test will be computer-based while Drawing test will be pen-and-paper based
Application ModeOnline
Official Websitenta.ac.in

JEE Main 2020 Important Dates

EventsJEE Main January Important Dates 
JEE Main 2020 Application Form2nd September 2019
Last date to submit JEE Main application form30th September 2019 by 11.50 PM
Release of online mock test8th September 2019 (tentative)
Last date to pay fees & uploading documents1st October 2019 by 11.50 pm  (tentative)
JEE Main Application form correction date8th to 14th October 2019 (tentative)
Exam Dates22nd August 2019
Exam Centre Announcement19th October 2019  (tentative)
JEE Main Admit Card 20206th December 2019
Commencement of JEE Main Exam 20206th to 11th January 2020
JEE Main Provisional Answer Key15th January 2020  (tentative)
JEE Main Final Answer Key23rd January  2020  (tentative)
JEE Main Result 202031st January 2020

JEE Main Important Date for April Session

EventsJEE Main Important Dates
JEE Main Application Form7th February 2020
Last date to submit JEE Main application form7th March 2020
JEE Main Application Form Correction11th to 15th March 2020 (Tentative)
JEE Main Admit Card availability16th March 2020
JEE Main Exam Dates3rd to 9th April 2020
JEE Main Answer Key14th April 2020 (Tentative)
Challenging of Answer Key14th to 16th April 2020 (Tentative)
JEE Main Result Paper 130th April 2020
AIR declaration30th April 2020

JEE Main Important Dates 2020 – JEE Main Exam Schedule

The exam schedule for both the papers is tabulated below

EventsFirst ShiftSecond Shift
Exam Timings9:30 AM to 12:30 PM2:30 PM to 5:30 PM
Exam Duration3 Hours3 Hours
Entry to Exam Centre7:30 AM to 9 AM12:30 PM to 2 PM
Checking of Admit Card by the Invigilator9 AM to 9:15 AM2 PM to 2:15 PM
Seating in Examination Centre9:15 AM2:15 PM
Invigilators Instructions9:15 AM to 9:25 AM2:15 PM to 2:25 PM
Commencement of Examination9:30 AM2:30 PM
Conclusion of Examination12:30 PM5:30 PM

JEE Main 2020 Eligibility Criteria

The JEE Main eligibility criteria are as follows

  1. Candidates must have passed class 12 exam or equivalent.
  2. Students who are appearing for class 12 exam or equivalent in the academic year of 2019 can also apply.
  3. It is mandatory for candidates to study the following 5 subjects: -Language, 2-Physics, 3-Mathematics, 4-Any one of (Chemistry, Biology, Biotechnology, Technical Vocational Subject), 5-Any other subjects.
  4. Candidates can attempt JEE Mains exam for three consecutive years.

JEE Main 2020 Reservation

The reservation percentage of different castes are tabulated below

Category

Reservation (in%)

NCL – OBC27
Scheduled Castes (SC)15
Scheduled Tribes (ST)7.5
Persons with Disability (PWD)3

JEE Main Application Form

JEE Main 2020 Application Form

The candidates must register themselves in order to fill up the application form. The JEE Main 2019 Application process is listed below:

Step – 1: Registration

  • Visit the official website of JEE Main.
  • Click on the link “New Registration”.
  • Enter all the required details in the registration form.
  • Click on the Submit Button.
  • Now you will receive a system-generated mail/SMS
  • Note down this system generated application form safely for further purpose.

Step – 2: Personal and Academic Details

  • Now login with the system generated application form.
  • Enter all the necessary details and click on Proceed to next

Step – 3: Uploading of Image and Signature

  • Upload Scanned Image of student between the size of 10 KB – 200 KB in JPG/JPEG Format.
  • Now Upload the candidates signature between 4 KB – 30 KB in JPG/JPEG Format.

Step – 4: Fee Payment

  • Now process the fee payment, make of fee payment using SBI – MPOS
  • Keep a receipt of payment as proof

Step – 5: Confirmation Page Printout

  • Now at least take four print out of Confirmation Page after successful remittance of fee.

JEE Main 2020 Application Fee

Gender/Category

Exam Center in IndiaExam Center Outside India
Either for Paper 1 or Paper 2For both Paper 1 and 2Either for Paper 1 or Paper 2

For both Paper 1 and Paper 2

General/OBCs (Boys)500130025003800
SC/ST/PWD/All Girls25065012501900

JEE Main Previous Year Registration Analysis

YearTotal Applicants
JEE Main 2019 April9.34 Lakh Candidates
JEE Main 2019 JanuaryPaper – 1: 9,29,198 and Paper – 2: 1,80,052
JEE Main 201811,48,000
JEE Main 201711,98,989
JEE Main 201612,07,257
JEE Main 201513,04,217
JEE Main 201413,56,000
JEE Main 201312,82,000
JEE Main 201212,20,000

JEE Main Exam Centre 2020

StateCityCode
Arunachal PradeshItanagarAL01
NaharalagumAL02
AssamDibrugarhAM01
GuwahatiAM02
JorhatAM03
SilcharAM04
TezpurAM05
Andaman & NicobarPort BlairAN01
Andhra PradeshAnantapurAP01
BapatlaAP02
BheemavaramAP03
ChiralaAP04
ChittoorAP05
EluruAP06
GunturAP07
KadapaAP08
KakinadaAP09
KurnoolAP10
NelloreAP11
OngoleAP12
RajahmundryAP13
SrikakulamAP14
TadepalligudemAP15
TirupatiAP16
VijayawadaAP17
VisakhapatnamAP18
VizianagaramAP19
BiharAurangabadBR01
BhagalpurBR02
BiharsharifBR03
DarbhangaBR04
GayaBR05
MuzaffarpurBR06
PatnaBR07
PurneaBR08

JEE Main Exam Pattern for April Session (Paper – I)

ParticularsDetails
Mode of examComputer Based Test
Medium of ExamEnglish, Hindi & Gujarati
Type of Questionsobjective type or multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Duration3 hours

JEE Main Exam Pattern for Paper – I

SubjectsNo. of questions  Marks
Physics30120
Chemistry30120
Mathematics30120
Total90360

JEE Main Exam Pattern for Paper – II

SubjectsNo. of questionsMarks
Mathematics30120
Aptitude test50200
Drawing0270
Total82390

JEE Main Slot Booking

Students can choose their date & time when they are comfortable to take the JEE Mains exam. Candidates can book their slot when they are filling up the JEE Main application form.

JEE Main Correction

The officials of JEE will also allow candidates to make changes in their JEE Mains application form. Candidates can visit the official website and make necessary changes during JEE mains correction window is open. The students can edit the following details during the correction window is open:

  1. Name
  2. Image
  3. Paper
  4. Category
  5. Language
  6. Aadhar Number
  7. Date of birth
  8. Communication Address
  9. Contact Information

JEE Main Maths Syllabus

JEE Main Maths Syllabus for Paper – I and Paper – II is listed below

JEE Main Maths: Sets, Relations and Functions, Complex Numbers, Quadratic Equations, Matrices and Determinants, Mathematical Induction, Sequences and Series, Permutations and Combinations, Limits, Continuity and Differentiability,, Applications of Binomial Theorem, Integral Calculus, Differential Equation, Vector Algebra, Trigonometry, Co-ordinate Geometry, Three Dimensional Geometry, Probability, Statistics, and Mathematical Reasoning.

JEE Main Maths Previous year Chapter Wise Questions With Solutions

JEE Main Maths Weightage – Topic wise

Chapter NameExpected No. of QuestionsMarks
Coordinate Geometry520
Limits, Continuity, and Differentiability312
Integral Calculus312
Complex numbers and Quadratic Equation28
Matrices and Determinants28
Statistics and Probability28
Three Dimensional Geometry28
Vector Algebra28
Sets, Relation, and Function14
Permutations and Combinations14
Binomial Theorem and Its Application14
Sequences and  Series14
Trigonometry14
Mathematical Reasoning14
Differential Equation14
Statics and Dynamics14
Differential Calculus14

JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus

JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus for Paper – I and Paper – II is listed below

JEE Main Chemistry: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry, States of Matter, Solid State, Liquid State: Properties of liquids, Gaseous State, Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Covalent Bonding, Molecular Orbital, Chemical Thermodynamics, First law of thermodynamics, Solutions, Equilibrium, Equilibrium involving chemical processes, Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry.

JEE Main Chemistry Previous Year Chapter Wise Questions With Solutions

JEE Main Chemistry Weightage – Topic wise

Chapter NameExpected No. of QuestionsMarks
Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry312
Periodic table and Representative Elements312
Thermodynamics And Gaseous State28
Atomic Structure28
Chemical Bonding28
Chemical And Ionic Equilibrium28
Solid-State And Surface Chemistry28
Nuclear Chemistry And Environment28
Mole Concept14
Redox Reaction14
Electrochemistry14
Chemical Kinetics14
Solution and Colligative Properties14
General Organic Chemistry14
Stereochemistry14
Hydrocarbon14
Alkyl Halides14
Carboxylic Acid and their Derivatives14
Carbohydrates, amino acid, and Polymers14
Aromatic Compounds14

JEE Main Physics Syllabus

JEE Main Physics Syllabus for Paper – I and Paper – II is listed below

JEE Main Physics: Units and Measurement, Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Work, Energy and Power, Rotational Motion, Gravitation, Properties of Solids and Liquids, Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory of Gases.

JEE Main Physics Previous Year Chapter Wise Questions With Solutions

JEE Main Physics Weightage – Topic wise

Chapter NameExpected No. of QuestionsMarks
Modern Physics520
Heat and Thermodynamics312
Optics312
Current Electricity312
Electrostatics312
Magnetics28
Unit, Dimension, and Vector14
Kinematics14
Laws of motion14
Work, Power, and Energy14
Centre Of Mass, Impulse, and Momentum14
Rotation14
Gravitation14
Simple Harmonic Motion14
Solids and Fluids14
Waves14
Electromagnetics Induction; AC14

Aptitude Test: Awareness of places, persons, buildings and materials, Texture and objects related to Architecture and building environment, Visualising 3D objects from 2D drawings, Visualising different sides of 3D objects, Mental Ability (Visual, Numerical and Verbal), Analytical Reasoning, Three dimensional – perception and appreciation of scale and proportion of objects, colour texture, building forms and elements, contrast and harmony.

Drawing and designing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil, Transformation of forms both 2 D and 3 D union, Elevations and 3 D views of objects Rotation, Development of surfaces and volumes, Generation of Plan, Creating 2D and 3D compositions using given shapes and forms, Sketching of activities from memory of urban scenes (public space, festivals, market, street scenes, recreational spaces monuments, etc.), landscape (gardens, trees, riverfronts, jungles, plants etc.) and rural life.

JEE Main Syllabus 2019 – PDF Download

JEE Main Preparation

JEE Main 2020 exam is considered to be one of the toughest examinations in India. Candidates must have a proper preparation plan in order to crack the examination. Candidates are advised to follow the preparation plan as listed below to ace the JEE Main 2020 Examination:

  • The first step towards JEE Main Preparation is to complete the entire Syllabus.
  • Schedule Time Table: With the few days left for JEE Main examination, candidates are advised to schedule themselves with a strict time table and follow it regularly.
  • Work on easy topics first and later move to difficult topics.
  • Work on JEE Main Previous Year Papers: Most of the questions which are asked in JEE Main will be derived from the previous year JEE Main Papers. So candidates are advised to work on previous year JEE Main papers.
  • Take Mock Tests: Once you have completed the syllabus, the candidates are advised to take mock tests, taking a mock test helps you analyze your preparation level and further you can work on them.

JEE Main Admit Card

The JEE Main admit card for April session will be released on March 18th, 2020. Students can visit the official website in order to download their JEE Mains Admit Card for the second attempt. Steps to download JEE Mains Admit Card is listed below:

  • Step – 1:  Visit the official website of JEE Main.
  • Step – 2: Login with the help of your credentials.
  • Step – 3: Now click on link JEE 2020 Admit Card.
  • Step – 4: Your admit card will be displayed on the screen.
  • Step – 5: Candidates are advised to check the details mentioned on the JEE Mains Admit card carefully.
  • Step – 6: Download your JEE Main Admit and keep it safe for future reference.

JEE Main Mock Test

The officials of NTA has released a mock test for JEE on the official website. Students are advised to take this mock test to get an idea about how the questions will be raised in the JEE Mains examination. The officials have also launched a mobile app for mock tests.

JEE Main Result

The JEE Main Result will be announced once the exams are over. Students can visit the official website in order to download their JEE Mains result from the official website. Along with the JEE Mains result, the officials will also release the merit list and those candidates whose name are mentioned in the merit list will be qualified.

JEE Main Cutoff

After the announcement of JEE Mains results for April Session, the officials will also release the cutoff category wise. The category wise expected cutoff is tabulated below:

CategoryMax MarksMin Marks
Common Rank List35074
OBC-NCL7345
SC7329
ST7324
PwD73-35

JEE Main Normalization Procedure

The JEE Main normalization procedure that is the calculation of scores is given below:

Step – 1: Distribution of Examinees in two days and in two shifts per day

Candidates would be distributed into four sessions randomly so that each session has approximately the equal number of candidates. These four sessions would be as follows:

  • Session-1: Day-1 Shift-1
  • Session-2: Day-1 Shift-2
  • Session-3: Day-2 Shift-1 and
  • Session-4: Day-2 Shift-2

In the event of more number of days or more number of shifts, the candidates will be divided accordingly.

This will ensure that there is no bias in the distribution of candidates who shall take the examination. Further, with a large population of examinees spread over the entire country the possibility of such bias becomes remote.

Step – 2: Preparation of Results for each Session:

The examination results for each session would be prepared in the form of

  • Raw Scores.
  • Percentiles Scored separately for each of the three subjects (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry) and the Total.

The following 4 Percentiles would be calculated for each candidate in the Session:
Let T1, M1, P1, C1 be the raw scores in Total, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry of a candidate and T1P, M1P, P1P, C1P be the Percentile Scores of Total, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry of that candidate. And the JEE Main Normalization is done as the following image:

JEE Main Normalization Procedure

JEE Main Percentile Vs Rank

What is the Percentile Score?

Percentile Score is nothing but the percentage of the total number of students who appeared for the jee exam scored less than or equal to that particular percentile in that examination.

How To Calculate the Percentile Score?

The formula to calculated Percentile score is

Percentile Score of a Candidate = 100 x (Number of candidates who secured a raw score (or actual score) EQUAL TO OR LESS than the candidate) / (Total number of candidates who appeared in that session).

JEE Main Percentile Vs Rank for the January Session is tabulated below

Percentile Scores (NTA Score)Ranks
1001
998746
9817,490
9726,235
9634,980
9543,724
9452,469
9361,214
9269,959
9178,703
9087,448
851,31,171
801,74,895
702,62,342
603,49,789
504,37,236
405,24,682
306,12,129
206,99,576
107,87,023
58,30,747
08,74,469

How to Choose JEE Main Exam Centers For April 2020?

Follow the steps as below to choose your JEE Main Exam Centers:

Step 1: Visit the official website of JEE Main and fill up the application form for JEE Main examination.

Step 2: While filling the Application form candidates should also fill their examination centers. Candidates can select up to 5 examination centers here.

Step 3: Now candidates are requested to review their examination center and submit the application form.

List of State-Wise JEE Main Exam Centers 2020

JEE Main State-wise Examination Centers for April 2020 are tabulated below:

State NameCity NameCodes
Arunachal PradeshItanagarAL01
NaharalagumAL02
AssamDibrugarhAM01
GuwahathiAM02
JorhatAM03
SilcharAM04
TezpurAM05
Andaman & NicobarPort BlairAN01
Andhra PradeshAnantapurAP01
BapatlaAP02
BheemavaramAP03
ChiralaAP04
ChittoorAP05
EluruAP06
GunturAP07
KadapaAP08
KakinadaAP09
KurnoolAP10
NelloreAP11
OngoleAP12
RajahmundryAP13
SrikakulamAP14
TadepalligudemAP15
TirupatiAP16
VijayawadaAP17
VisakhapatnamAP18
VizinagaramAP19
BiharAurangabadBR01
BhagalpurBR02
BiharsharifBR03
DarbhangaBR04
GayaBR05
MuzaffarpurBR06
PatnaBR07
PurneaBR08
ChattisgarhBhilaiCG01
BilaspurCG02
RaipurCG03
ChandigarhChandigarhCH01
Daman & DiuDaman & DiuDD01
New Delhi/ DelhiDelhiDL01
Dadra & Nagar HaveliDadra & Nagar HaveliDN01
GujaratAhmedabadGJ01
AnandGJ02
BhavanagarGJ03
GandhinagarGJ04
GodhraGJ05
JamnagarGJ06
JunagarhGJ07
MehsanaGJ08
PatanGJ09
RajkotGJ10
SuratGJ11
VadodaraGJ12
ValsadGJ13
GoaPanaji/MadgaonGO01
Himachal PradeshBilaspur (hp)HP01
DharamshalaHP02
HamirpurHP03
KangraHP04
PalampurHP05
ShimlaHP06
SolanHP07
HaryanaAmbalaHR01
BahadurgarhHR02
FaridabadHR03
GurugramHR04
HisarHR05
KarnalHR06
KurukshetraHR07
PanipatHR08
Sonepat/MurthalHR09
JharkhandBokaroJH01
DhanbadJH02
JamshedpurJH03
RanchiJH04
Jammu & KashmirBaramullaJK01
JammuJK02
SambaJK03
SrinagarJK04
KarnatakaBagalkotKK01
BelgaumKK02
BellaryKK03
BengaluruKK04
BidarKK05
DevanagereKK06
DharwadKK07
GulbargaKK08
HassanKK09
HubliKK10
KolarKK11
MangaluruKK12
ManipalKK13
MysoreKK14
ShivamoggaKK15
TumkurKK16
UdupiKK17
KeralaAlappuzhaKL01
AngamalyKL02
ChenganurKL03
ErnakulamKL04
IdukkiKL05
KanjirappallyKL06
KannurKL07
KasaragodKL08
KollamKL09
KothamanglamKL10
KottayamKL11
KozhikodeKL12
MalapuramKL13
MoovattupuzhaKL14
PalakkadKL15
PathanamathithaKL16
ThiruvananthapuramKL17
ThirssurKL18
LakshadweepKavarratiLD01
MeghalayaShillongMG01
ManipurImphalMN01
Madhya PradeshBalaghatMP01
BetulMP02
BhopalMP03
ChhatarpurMP04
ChhindwaraMP05
GwaliorMP06
IndoreMP07
JabalpurMP08
KhargaonMP09
MandsurMP10
RewaMP11
SagarMP12
SatnaMP13
ShahdolMP14
UjjainMP15
VidishaMP16
MaharastraAhmednagarMR01
AkolaMR02
AmravatiMR03
AurangabadMR04
BeedMR05
BhandaraMR06
BhusawalMR07
BuldanaMR08
ChandrapurMR09
DhuleMR10
GadchiroliMR11
GondiaMR12
JalgaonMR13
KolhapurMR14
LaturMR15
MumbaiMR16
NgapurMR17
NandedMR18
NasikMR19
Navi MumbaiMR20
ParbhaniMR21
PuneMR22
RaigadMR23
RatnagiriMR24
SangaliMR25
SataraMR26
SolapurMR27
ThaneMR28
WardhaMR29
WashimMR30
YavatmalMR31
MizoramAizwalMZ01
NagalandDimapurNL01
KohimaNL01
OdishaAngulOR01
BalasoreOR02
BerhampurOR03
BhuvaneswarOR04
CuttackOR05
DhenkanalOR06
JeyporeOR07
RourkelaOR08
SambalpurOR09
PunjabAmritsarPB01
BathindaPB02
Fathegarh SahibPB03
JalandharPB04
LudhianaPB05
MohaliPB06
PathankotPB07
PatialaPB08
PhagwaraPB09
RoparPB10
SangrurPB11
PuducherryPuducherryPO01
RajasthanAjmerRJ01
AlwarRJ02
BharatpurRJ03
BhilwaraRJ04
BikanerRJ05
JaipurRJ06
JodhpurRJ07
KotaRJ08
SikarRJ09
SriganganagarRJ10
UdaipurRJ11
SikkimGangtokSM01
TripuraAgartalaTA01
TelanganaHyderbadTL01
KarimnagarTL02
KhammamTL03
MahabubngarTL04
NalogondaTL05
Ranga ReddyTL06
WarangalTL07
Tamil NaduChennaiTN01
CoimbatoreTN02
CuddaloreTN03
DindigulTN04
KanchipuramTN05
KanyakumariTN06
KarurTN07
MaduraiTN08
NagarcoliTN09
NamakkalTN10
SalemTN11
TanjoreTN12
ThoothkudiTN13
TiruchirapalliTN14
TirunelveliTN15
TiruvallurTN16
TiruvannamalaiTN17
VelloreTN18
VillipuramTN19
VirudhunagarTN20
UttarakhandDehradunUK01
HaldwaniUK02
HaridwarUK03
NainitalUK04
PantnagarUK05
RoorkeeUK06
Uttar PradeshAgraUP01
AligarhUP02
AllahabadUP03
BareillyUP04
BulandsharUP05
FaizabadUP06
GhaziabadUP07
GorakhpurUP08
NoidaUP09
JhansiUP10
KanpurUP11
LucknowUP12
MathuraUP13
MeerutUP14
MoradabadUP15
MuzaffarnagarUP16
SitapurUP17
VaranasiUP18
West BengalAsansolWB01
BardhmanWB02
DarjeelingWB03
DurgapurWB04
HaldiaWB05
HooghlyWB06
HowrahWB07
KalyaniWB08
KharagpurWB09
KolkataWB10
SiliguriWB11

JEE STUDY MATERIALS

JEE study materials are available here for the candidates who are preparing for JEE(Joint Entrance Exam) 2019. Download the materials for Maths, Physics and Chemistry subjects, which are designed by our experienced subject experts. JEE Sample papers and previous years Main and Advanced question papers along with chapter-wise solutions are provided here for free by LearnCBSE. Also, JEE latest syllabus are provided so that candidates can prepare for the exam as per the curriculum. Using these materials candidates can secure a good score in the JEE competitive exam.

LearnCBSE always focuses on providing quality education to all levels of students who are preparing for competitive exams. All these materials are available online for free and categorised into smaller parts to make the candidates understand each and every concept completely. Also, diagrams, tables and number of examples are given to support these materials. The topics covered under JEE have been included here with solved examples and exercises of individual unit, to prepare for the exam. Securing good cut-off percentile in JEE will help students to get admissions in IIT institutes of India to get higher studies in Engineering field. A well-polished engineers are produced by the IIT institutes after they completed their engineering. Students of IITs gets jobs very easily and have higher demands in the market. Therefore, to make all the students eligible for IIT, we are providing here the best study materials.

With the help of these learning materials students can do self-study, at any place with the proper understanding of all concepts. JEE Main and JEE advanced materials will encourage students to gather the knowledge for all the fundamentals at a fast pace. They are easily understandable by all the students without any barrier. All the links related to the subjects are given here for JEE preparations. Click and download them for free and start preparing for the exams.

JEE Main 2019 January Official Question Papers and Answer Key

S.NoJEE Main 2019 January SessionSessionsQuestion PapersAnswer Key
1January 8, 2019 (Paper 2)Forenoon SessionClick hereClick Here
Afternoon SessionClick HereClick Here
2January 9, 2019 (Paper 1)Forenoon SessionClick hereClick Here
Afternoon SessionClick hereClick Here
3January 10, 2019 (Paper 1)Forenoon SessionClick hereClick Here
Afternoon SessionClick hereClick Here
4January 11, 2019 (Paper 1)Forenoon SessionClick hereClick Here
Afternoon SessionClick hereClick Here
5January 12, 2019 (Paper 1)Forenoon SessionClick hereClick Here
Afternoon SessionClick hereClick Here

JEE Main Counselling 2020

JoSAA (Joint Seat Allocation Authority is responsible to conduct JEE Main Counselling & Seat Allotment for all the students who are qualified in the JEE Main Examination. Candidates must register themselves to JoSAA through online mode in order to participate in JEE Main Counselling 2020. JEE Main 2020 Counselling is expected to conduct tentatively in the month of June in Online mode. The detailed JEE Main Counselling procedure is listed below:

Step – 1: Online Registration:

In order to participate in JEE Main 2020 Counselling, students must register themselves to JoSAA through online mode with the help of their registration number and security pin.

Step – 2: Online Choice Filling & Locking: 

Candidates must lock their choices in which institute they want to presume B.E/B.Tech Programme.  Based on the candidates choice filling, the seat allotment will be done.

Step – 3: Seat Allotment

Based on the availability of seat the candidates will be allotted seats.

Step – 4: Fee Payment & Seat Acceptance

Once the seat is allocated candidates must choose any of the following options:

Freeze–If candidates are satisfied with the seat allotment and do not participate in further options.

Float– If candidates need to upgrade their seat allotment.

Slide– If candidates wish to upgrade the course in the same institute.

Withdraw–If candidates have accepted the seat.

Step – 5: Verification Of Documents

 Finally, the candidates must verify their documents and the documents to be produced at the time of verification is listed below:

  • 3 passport size photographs as uploaded during registration
  • Provisional JoSAA seat allotment letter
  • Photo identity card
  • Proof of seat acceptance fee payment
  • JEE Main 2020 Admit Card
  • Date of birth proof
  • JEE Main 2020 Score Card
  • Class XII Mark sheet
  • Category certificate (if applicable)

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding JEE Main 2020

Q1. What is JEE Main?
A: JEE Main is a common entrance examination which acts as a gateway to admissions into various B.Tech/B.E programs.

Q2. What is the eligibility criteria for JEE Mains 2020?
A: The eligibility criteria for JEE Mains 2020 is listed below:

  • Candidates must have passed class 12 exam or equivalent.
  • Students who are appearing for class 12 exam or equivalent in the academic year of 2020 can also apply.
  • It is mandatory for candidates to study the following 5 subjects: -Language, 2-Physics, 3-Mathematics, 4-Any one of (Chemistry, Biology, Biotechnology, Technical Vocational Subject), 5-Any other subjects.
  • Candidates can attempt JEE Main exam for three consecutive years.

Q3. Which is tougher, the KVPY or the JEE Mains?
A: The JEE Main is considered to be a little bit tougher when it is compared to KVPY.

Q4. How can I apply for JEE Mains?
A: Initially you must visit the official website and register yourself and next follow the steps as under to apply for JEE Mains 2020 for April session:

  • Step 1: Login with the help of your credentials which you received while registering.
  • Step 2: Click on the Application form for JEE Main April Session.
  • Step 3: Now fill all the necessary details in the application form.
  • Step 4: Upload the photographs & signature as mentioned in the application form.
  • Step 5: Book your slot.
  • Step 6: Process the application fee.
  • Step 7: Click on submit.
  • Step 8: Take the printout of the acknowledgment page.

Q5. What documents are required for JEE Mains?
A: Candidates must carry the following documents to the exam center while appearing for the JEE Mains exam:

  • JEE Mains Admit Card.
  • Passport Size Photo.
  • Authorized Photo IDs.
  • PwD certificate.
  • Stationery items ALLOWED for JEE Mains Paper-II.

Q6. When can I apply for JEE Main April 2020?
A: The candidates who wish to appear for April attempt can fill the JEE Mains application form which will be released on 8th Feb of 2020.

Q7. Is caste certificate required for JEE Mains?
A: Yes, the candidates must produce the caste certificate while appearing for JEE Mains counseling.

Q8. Can we get NIT through JEE mains?
A: Candidates can secure admission in NIT based on their JEE Main ranks.

Q9.What are the minimum marks to qualify in JEE Mains?
A: The minimum qualifying marks for general candidates is 75% and the minimum marks to qualify in JEE mains exam for SC/ST/PwD is 65%.

Q10. Will JEE Mains 2020 be online?
A: Previously, the JEE Mains exam was conducted in both online and offline mode. But from the year of 2020, the JEE mains exam is conducted only in the online mode.

Q11. Is JEE Mains 2020 online or offline?
A: JEE Mains 2020 is conducted only in online mode.

Q12. Will JEE Mains 2020 be conducted twice?
A: Yes the JEE Mains 2020 exam will be conducted twice a year that is the first attempt in the month of January and the second attempt in the month of April.

Q13. How many times we can give JEE mains exam?
A:
Candidates can take the JEE main exam for three consecutive years.

Q14. How can I check my JEE Mains exam date?
A: Once exam date link is activated, visit the official website and login with the help of your credentials. Now you will find exam date link, click on that link. Your exam date, the shift will be displayed on the screen.

Q15. How can i edit my JEE Application Form?
A: Candidates can visit the official website and make necessary changes during JEE mains correction window is open. The students can edit the following details during the correction window is open:

  1. Name
  2. Image
  3. Paper
  4. Category
  5. Language
  6. Aadhar Number
  7. Date of birth
  8. Communication Address
  9. Contact Information

Q16. Can we edit JEE Mains form 2020?
A: Yes candidates can make necessary changes in their JEE Mains form 2020.

Q17. When we will get JEE Mains Admit Card?
A: The JEE Mains Admit Card for April session will be released on 18th March 2020 on the official website.

Q18. Is Admit Card and Hall Ticket are same?
A: Yes the admit card and hall ticket is same in JEE Mains.

Q19. How can I download JEE Main Admit Card 2020?
A: Follow the steps below to download the JEE Mains, Admit Card:

  • Step 1:  Visit the official website of JEE Mains.
  • Step 2: Login with the help of your credentials.
  • Step 3: Now click on link JEE 2020 Admit Card.
  • Step 4: Your admit card will be displayed on the screen.
  • Step 5: Candidates are advised to check the details mentioned on the JEE Mains Admit card carefully.
  • Step 6: Download your JEE Mains Admit and keep it safe for future reference.

Q 20. What is the date for JEE Mains 2020?
A: The JEE Mains exam date for the April session is conducted from 6th April 2020.

Q21. What is the use of JEE Main exam?
A: The main use of JEE Main is that it acts as a gateway for admission into various B.E/B.Tech courses.

Q22. What is the difference between JEE Main Paper 1 and Paper 2?
A: JEE M.ain Paper 1 is for admissions into B.E or B.Tech courses and the JEE Main Paper 2 is for admission into B.Arch or B.Planning.

Q23. Is AIEEE and JEE Mains Same?
A: Yes AIEEE is same as the JEE. Previously the JEE Main exam is called as All India Engineering Entrance exam.

Q24. What subjects are there in JEE Main Paper 1?
A: The list of subjects for JEE Main Paper 1 is

  • Maths
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Q25. Is JEE Main Syllabus is same as NCRET?
A: Yes the most of concepts and questions are derived from the NCRET syllabus only.

Q26. How many attempts are there in JEE Mains 2020?
A: Candidate can take JEE Main 2020 exam twice in the academic year of 2020.

Q27. What is the last date of JEE Mains 2020?
A: The last date for JEE Mains 2020 April session is 7th March 2020.

Q28. Is Aadhaar card mandatory for JEE Mains 2020?
A: No Aadhar card is not mandatory for JEE Mains 2020 examination.

Q29. Who will conduct JEE Mains 2020?
A: NTA (National Testing Agency) Conducts JEE Mains 2020 exam.

Q30. Are calculators allowed for JEE Mains?
A: No calculators are allowed for the JEE Main 2020 exam. Students can make use of virtual calculators which is arranged by the officials.

Q31. Is watch allowed for JEE Mains?
A: No candidate is allowed to wear digital watches to the examination hall.

Q32. What is JEE?
A: JEE Is known as Joint Entrance Examination which is a competitive entrance examination for admissions into B.E/B.Tech programs.

Q33. Can I give JEE Mains 3rd time?
A: Yes, the candidate can take jee the main exam three times.

Q 34. What is the JEE Main 2020 Photo Size to be uploaded for registration?

JEE Main 2020 Photo Size, Dimension, Format and Other Details

JEE Main Application Form PhotoFile sizeDimensionsFile Format
Photograph (with name and date of taking a photo)4 kb to 40 kb3.5 cm x 4.5 cmJPEG/JPG
Signature of Candidate1 kb to 30 kb3.5 cm x 1.5 cmJPEG/JPG
Signature of Father/ Mother/ Guardian1 kb to 30 kb3.5 cm x 1.5 cmJPEG/JPG

Q35. What are the documents required while filling the JEE Main  Application Form?

A: The following documents are required while filling the application form:

  • Photograph in JPEG format- 10 KB to 100KB (size), 3.5cm x 4.5cm (dimensions)
  • Signature in JPEG format-  4 KB to 30KB (size), 3.5cm x 1.5cm (dimensions)
  • Aadhar card number
  • Proof of Date of Birth
  • Class 10 certificate
  • Class 12 mark sheet
  • Caste Certificate for SC or ST
  • Domicile Certificate
  • Passport

Q36. What is Normalization in JEE Mains?

A: The process of Normalization is an established practice for comparing candidate scores across multi-session papers and it is similar to those being adopted in other large educational selection tests conducted in India.

Q37. How is Percentile calculated?

A: Percentile Score of a Candidate = 100 x (Number of candidates who secured a raw score (or actual score) EQUAL TO OR LESS than the candidate) / (Total number of candidates who appeared in that session).

Q38. What is the negative mark in JEE Main?

A: The negative marking in JEE Main is as follows: For each incorrect answer, mark will be deducted. For the correct answer, 4 marks are awarded.

Q39. What is CRL rank in JEE Main?

A: The CRL represents the Common Rank List in JEE Main 2020.

Q40. How to check the JEE Main 2020 Exam Center?

A: Candidates can check their JEE Main exam center from their JEE Main Admit Card.

Q41. What is JEE Main Counselling?

A: JoSAA will conduct JEE Main Counselling & Seat Allotment for all the students who are qualified in the JEE Main Examination. Candidates must register themselves to JoSAA through online mode in order to participate in JEE Main Counselling 2020.

Q42. How can I register for JEE Main Counselling?

A: In order to participate in JEE Main 2020 Counselling, students must register themselves to JoSAA through online mode with the help of their registration number and security pin.

Q43. When JEE Main Counselling will start?

A: The JEE Main Counselling 2020 will be tentatively held on June 2020.

Q44. What is the last date to fill the JEE Main Application Form?

A: The last date to fill the JEE Main application form is 7th March 2020 and candidates must fill the application form within 11:30 Pm.

Q45. Are calculators allowed in JEE Main?

A: No, students are not allowed to bring calculators to the JEE Main exam hall. However, candidates can make use of virtual calculators available in the exam hall.

We hope the detailed article on JEE Main 2020 for April is helpful. If you have any doubt regarding this article or JEE Main 2020, drop your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

The post JEE Main January 2020 | Exam Date (Out), Registration, Eligibility, Syllabus appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2018

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2018

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections : A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and-follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

** Answer is not given due to change in present syllabus

SECTION – A

(READING) 30

Question 1.
Read the passage given below : [12]
1. When you grow up in a place where it rains five months a year, wise elders help you to get acquainted with the rain early. They teach you that it is ignorant to think that it is the same rain falling every day. Oh no, the rain is always doing different things at different times. There is rain that is gentle, and there is also rain that falls too hard and damages the crops. Hence, the prayers are for the sweet rain that helps the crops to grow.

2. The monsoon in the Naga hills goes by the native name, khuthotei (which means the rice-growing season). It lasts from May to early or mid-October. The local residents firmly believe that Durga Puja in October announces the end of rain. After that, one might expect a couple of short winter showers, and the spring showers in March and April. Finally, comes the “big rain” in May; proper rainstorms accompanied by heart-stopping lightning and ear-splitting thunder. I have stood out in storms, looking at lightning arc across dark skies, a light- and-sound show that can go on for hours.

3. This is the season when people use the word sezuo or sizu to refer to the week-long rains, when clothes don’t dry and smell of mould, when fungus forms on the floor and when you can’t see the moon or the stars because of the rainclouds. But you learn not to complain. Rain, after all, is the farmer’s friend and brings food to the table. Rituals and festivals centre around the agricultural rhythm of life, which is the occupation of about 70 per cent of the population.

4. The wise learns to understand its ways. I grew up hearing my grandfather say, “It’s very windy this year. We’ll get good rain.” If the windy season was short and weak, he worried there might not be enough rain for the crops. I learned the interconnectedness of the seasons from childhood, arid marvelled at how the wind could bring rain. Another evening, many rainy seasons ago, my paternal aunt observed the new moon and worried,
“Its legs are in the air, we’re in for some heavy rain.” She was right. That week, a storm cut off power lines and brought down trees and bamboos.

5. Eskimos boast of having a hundred of names for snow. Norwegians in the north can describe all kinds of snow by an equal amount of names: pudder, powder snow, wet snow, slaps, extra wet snow, tight snowfall, dry snow, and at least 95 more categories of snow. Likewise, in India we have names and names for rain. Some are common, some are passing into history.

6. The rains are also called after flowering plants and people believe that the blossoming of those plants draws out rain. Once the monsoon’s set in, field work is carried out in earnest and the work of uprooting and transplanting paddy in flooded terrace fields is done. The months of hard labour are June, July and August. In August, rain, also called phrogii, is a sign that the time for cultivation is over. If any new grain seeds are sown, they may not sprout; even if they do sprout, they are not likely to bear grain. The rain acts as a kind of farmer’s almanac.

7. The urban population of school-goers and office-goers naturally dislikes the monsoon and its accompanying problems of landslides, muddy streets and periodic infections. For non-farmers, the month of September can be depressing, when the rainfall is incessant and the awareness persists that the monsoons will last out till October. One needs to have the heart of a farmer to remain grateful for the watery days, and be able to observe—from what seems to the inexperienced as a continuous downpour—the many kinds of rain. Some of the commonly known rain-weeks are named after the plants that alternately bloom in August and September. The native belief is that the flowers draw out the rain.

8. Each rain period has a job to fulfil: October rain helps garlic bulbs to form, while kumunyo rain helps the rice bear grain. Without it, the ears of rice cannot form properly. End October is the most beautiful month in the Naga hills, as the fields turn gold and wild sunflowers bloom over the slopes, all heralding the harvest. Prayers go up for protecting the fields from storms, and the rains to retreat because the grain needs to stand in the sun and ripen. The cycle nears completion a few weeks before the harvest, and the rain does retreat so thoroughly from the reaped furrows that the earth quickly turns hard. The months of rain become a distant memory until it starts all over again.

On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the statements given below with the help of options that follow: [ 1 × 4 = 4]
(a) The rains are called after flowering plants because
(i) heavy rains kill plants.
(ii) flowers grow in the rainy season.
(iii) it is believed that the plants bring the rain.
(iv) flowers grow all the year round.
Answer:
(iii) it is believed that the plants bring the rain.

(b) The rain is like a calendar for farmers because
(i) it tells them when to sow and when to harvest.
(ii) it tells them the birthdays of their children.
(iii) each month has a time for plantation.
(iv) different kinds of rain tell different things.
Answer:
(i) it tells them when to sow and when to harvest.

(c) People who live in cities don’t like rain because
(i) it brings mud and sickness with it.
(ii) they are not bothered about the farmers.
(iii) they don’t like the plants that grow during the rain.
(iv) going shopping becomes difficult.
Answer:
(i) it brings mud and sickness with it.

(d) People pray asking the rain to retreat because
(i) the fungus and mould to dry.
(ii) children don’t get a chance to play.
(iii) the crops need the sun and heat to ripen.
(iv) they like to pray.
Answer:
(iii) the crops need the sun and heat to ripen.

(e) Why do the elders want you to understand the rains in the Naga hills ?
Answer:
The elders want us to understand the rains in the Naga hills because rain always does different things at different times. It tells us when to sow and harvest. It can be gentle or too hard leaving the crops damaged.

(f) What does Durga Puja mean to the farmers of the Naga hills ?
Answer:
Durga Puja means the end of the rainy season to the farmers of the Naga hills.

(g) What kind of rain is called sezuo ?
Answer:
Sezuo refers to the week-long rains, when clothes do not dry and there is a smell of mould, when fungus forms on the floor and when we cannot see the moon or the stars because of the rain clouds.

(h) What is the occupation of more than half the population of the Naga hills ?
Answer:
The occupation of more than half the population on the Naga hills is farming.

(i) How is the heart of the farmer different from that of the city person ?
Answer:
The city person dislikes the rain because of landslides, muddy streets and periodic infections. He finds incessant rain depressing. However, a farmer remains grateful for the rainy days.

(j) When does rain become a memory in the minds of the people of the Naga hills ?
Answer:
Rain becomes a memory in the minds of the people of the Naga hills, when the cycle comes near its completion a few weeks before the harvest.

(k) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following: [1 × 2 = 2]
(i) flowering (para 6)
(ii) non-stop (para 7)
Answer:
(k) (i) blossoming
(ii) incessant

Question 2.
Read the passage given below: [10]
1. Every morning Ravi gives his brain an extra boost. We’re not talking about drinking strong cups of coffee or playing one of those mind-training video games advertised all over Facebook. “I jump into my stationary bike and cycle for 45 minutes to work,” says Ravi. “When I get to my desk, my brain is at peak activity for a few hours.” After his mental focus comes to a halt later in the day, he starts it with another short spell of cycling to be able to run errands.

2. Ride, work, ride, repeat. It’s a scientifically proven system that describes some unexpected benefits of cycling. In a recent study in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, scientists found that people scored higher on tests of memory, reasoning, and planning after 30 minutes of spinning on a stationary bike than they did before they rode the bike. They also complete the tests faster after pedalling.

3. Exercise is like fertilizer for your brain. All those hours spent on exercising your muscles, create rich capillary beds not only in leg and hip muscles, but also in your brain. More blood vessels in your brain and muscles mean more oxygen and nutrients to help them work. When you pedal, you also force more nerve cells to fire. The result: you double or triple the production of these cells—literally building your brain. You also release neurotransmitters (the messengers between your brain cells) so all those cells, new and old, can communicate with each other for better, faster functioning. That’s a pretty profound benefit to cyclists.

4. This kind of growth is especially important with each passing birthday, because as we age, our brains shrink and those connections weaken. Exercise restores and protects the brain cells. Neuroscientists say, ” Adults who exercise display sharper memory skills, higher concentration levels, more fluid thinking, and greater problem-solving ability than those who are sedentary.”

5. Cycling also elevates your mood, relieves anxiety, increases stress resistance, and even banishes the blues. “Exercise works in the same way as psychotherapy and antidepressants in the treatment of depression, maybe better,” says Dr. Manjari. A recent study analyzing 26 years of research finds that even some exercise— as little as 20 to 30 minutes a day—can prevent depression over the long term.

6. Remember : Although it’s healthy, exercise itself is a stress, especially when you’re just getting started or getting back into riding. When you first begin to exert yourself, your body releases a particular hormone to raise your heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, says Meher Ahluwalia, PhD, a professor of integrative physiology. As you get fitter, it takes a longer, harder ride to trigger that same response.
On the basis of your understanding of the passage, complete the statements given below with the help of the options that follow : [1 × 2 = 2]
(a) Ravi gets his brain to work at peak level by
(i) drinking three cups of coffee.
(ii) playing games that need brain activity.
(iii) cycling on a stationary bike.
(iv) taking tablets to pump up his brain.
Answer:
(iii) cycling on a stationary bike.

(b) When nerve cells work during exercise then
(i) the body experiences stress.
(ii) the brain is strengthened by multiplying them.
(iii) you start to lose your temper.
(iv) your stationary cycle starts to beep. Answer the following questions briefly : [1 × 6 = 6]
Answer:
(ii) the brain is strengthened by multiplying them.

(c) How does exercise help the brain ?
Answer:
Exercise is like the fertilizer to the brain. It creates rich capillary beds not only in legs and hips muscles, but also in the brain. More blood vessels in the brain and muscles mean more oxygen and nutrients to help them work. It doubles or triples the nerve cells and builds the brain. It also releases neurotransmitters.

(d) Why does Ravi do a circuit of ‘ride, work, ride’ ?
Answer:
Ravi does a circuit of ‘ride, work, ride’ because it given his brain an extra boost. People who do such rigorous activities score higher on tests of memory, reasoning and planning. It also helps in completing the tests faster.

(e) What is the work of neuro transmitters ?
Answer:
Neurotransmitters are the messengers between our brain cells. They enable faster, and better communication between the brain cells.

(f) What benefits other than greater brain activity does one get from cycling ?
Answer:
Cycling elevates our mood, relieves anxiety, increases stress resistance and even banishes the blues. It prevents depression.

(g) Why is exercise so important for adults ?
Answer:
As we age, our brain shrinks and the connections between the cells weaken. Exercise restores and protects the brain cells. It leads to sharper memory skills, higher concentration levels, more fluid thinking and better problem solving ability.

(h) How is exercise itself a stress ?
Answer:
Exercise itself is a stress especially when one just starts an activity or gets back to it. At that point, the body releases a particular hormone which raises the heart rate, blood pressure and blood glucose levels.

(i) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following : [1 × 2 = 2]
(i) manure (para 3)
(ii) inactive (para 4)
Answer:
(i)
(i) fertilizer
(ii) sedentary

Question 3.
Read the passage given below: [8]

Keeping cities clean is essential for keeping their residents healthy. Our health depends not just on personal hygiene and nutrition, but critically also on how clean we keep our cities and their surroundings. The spread of dengue and chikungunya are intimately linked to the deteriorating state of public health conditions in our cities.

The good news is that waste management to keep cities clean is now getting attention through the Swachh Bharat Mission. However, much of the attention begins and stops with the brooms and the dustbins, extending at most to the collection and transportation of the mixed waste to some distant or not so distant place, preferably out of sight.

The challenge of processing and treating the different streams of solid waste, and safe disposal of the residuals in scientific landfills, has received much less attention in municipal solid waste management than is expected from a health point of view.

One of the problems is that instead of focusing on waste management for health, we have got sidetracked into “waste for energy”. If only we were to begin by not mixing the biodegradable component of solid waste (close to 60 per cent of the total) in our cities with the dry waste, and instead use this stream of waste for composting and producing a gas called methane.

City compost from biodegradable waste provides an alternative to farmyard manure (like cow-dung). It provides an opportunity to simultaneously clean up our cities and help improve agricultural productivity and quality of the soil. Organic manure or compost plays a very important role as supplement to chemical fertilisers in enriching the nutrient-deficient soils. City compost can be the new player in the field.

Benefits of compost on the farm are well-known. The water holding capacity of the soil which uses compost helps with drought-proofing, and the requirement of less water per crop is a welcome feature for a water-stressed future. By making the soil porous, use of compost also makes roots stronger and resistant to pests and decay. Farmers using compost, therefore, need less quantity of pesticides. There is also evidence to suggest that horticulture crops grown with compost have better flavour, size, colour and shelf-life.

City compost has the additional advantage of being weed-free, unlike farmyard manure which brings with it the seeds of undigested grasses and requires a substantial labour cost for weeding as the crops grow. City compost is also rich in organic carbon, and our soils are short in this. Farmers clearly recognize the value of city compost. If city waste was composted before making it available to the farmers for applying to the soil, cities would be cleaned up and the fields around them would be much more productive.

Quite apart from cleaning up the cities of biodegradable waste, this would be a major and sustainable contribution to improving the health of our soil, without further damage by excessive chemical inputs. What a marvellous change from waste to health.

The good news is that some states are regularly laying plastic roads. Plastic roads will not only withstand future-monsoon damage but will also solve a city’s problem of disposing of non-recyclable plastic. It is clear that if the mountains of waste from our cities were to be recycled into road construction material, it would tackle the problem of managing waste while freeing up scarce land.
(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations wherever necessary (minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply and appropriate title to it. [5]
Answer:
(a) Waste Management
I. Reasons for keeping cities clean
1.1 Keeps surroundings clean
1.2 Prevents the spread of dengue and chikungunya.
1.3 Promotes overall health.
II. Waste Management-Problems
2.1 No focus on waste management from health point of view.
2.2 Processing and treating different streams of solid waste.
2.3 Safe disposal of residuals in scientific landfills.
2.4 Sidetracked into ‘waste for energy’.
III. Advantages—City Compost
3.1 Provides alternative to farmyard manure.
3.2 Opportunity to clean cities.
3.3 Improves agricultural productivity.
3.4 Better quality of soil.
3.5 Supplements chemical fertilizers.
3.6 Enriches nutrient deficient soils.
3.7 Weed free.
3.8 Rich in organic carbon.
IV. Advantages—Farm Compost
4.1 H20 holding capacity—helps drought proofing.
4.2 Requires less water per crop.
4.3 Makes soil porous—roots stronger.
4.4 Use of less pesticides.
4.5 Horticulture crops—
(i) better flavour
(ii) colour
(iii) shelf-life
V. Advantages—Plastic roads
5.1 Withstands future monsoon damage
5.2 Solves problem—disposing non-
recyclable plastic.

5.3 Better waste management
5.4 Frees up scarce land.

Key

Abbre.Word
1.attn.attention
2.H2Owater
3.qty.quality
4.diff.different
5.chem.chemical
6.&and
7.agri.agriculture
8.mgmt.management

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. [3]
Answer:
(b) SUMMARY
Cleanliness in cities keeps residents healthy and prevents the spread of diseases such as dengue and chikungunya. The Swachh Bharat Mission instituted by the government is beset by a lot of challenges. City compost from biodegradable waste has a lot of advantages. It improves agricultural productivity, is weed free and enriches nutrient-deficient soils as it is rich in organic carbon. Farm compost is equally beneficial. Use of such compost in soil enhances the water holding capacity and thus, there is less requirement of water per crop. It makes the soil porous and roots stronger and resistant to pests and decay. With plastic roads, there is less monsoon damage and it simultaneously solves the city’s problem of disposing non-recyclable plastic. Moreover, it also tackles problem of managing waste while freeing up scarce land.

SECTION — B

(WRITING SKILLS) 30

Question 4.
You are Faiz/Falak Mazumdar living at 39, Udampur Colony, Shimla. You decide to hold a dinner party to congratulate your grandparents on their golden wedding anniversary. Draft a formal invitation in not more than 50 words to all family members to attend a grand dinner at home. [4]
OR
You are Harish/Harshita of 12, Seva Nagar, Pune. You want to sell your flat as you are shifting to another city for work. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in The Pune Times under the classified columns.
Answer:

Mr. & Mrs. Mazumdar
request the pleasure of your company on the
auspicious occasion of the
50th Wedding Anniversary
celebration of our
Loving Grandparents
on March 9th, 20XX
at the Gymkhana Club
at 9 p.m.

RSVP
Faiz/Falak Mazumdar
39, Udampur Colony Programme Shimla overleaf
Ph:012345678

OR

FOR SALE

3 bed-room flat for sale, 1200 sq. ft., attached bathroom, big balcony facing the park, modular kitchen with all modem amenities. Price negotiable,
Contact: Harsh/Harshita, 12, Seva Nagar, Pune. Ph 012345678

5. You are Neeraj/Neerja Shekhar, Principal, Vasant Public School, Pune. Your school has just started a music department. Write a letter to the Manager of Melody House, Pune, wholesale suppliers of musical instruments, placing an order for musical instruments for the school. Ask for a discount on the catalogue prices. (120-150 words) [6]
OR
Bal Vidya Public School, Bhilai, urgently requires a post-graduate teacher to teach political science for which they have placed an advertisement in The Bhilai Express. You are Sanjay/Sanjana Sharma from 21, Vasant Marg, Bhilai. Draft a letter including a CV, applying for the advertised post. (120-150 words)
Answer:
Vasant Public School,
Pune-040008
March 5th, 20XX
The Manager,
Melody House,
Pune-040001.
Sub : Order for Musical Instruments.
Sir,
To promote the latent talents of the children, the school has started a music department for the upcoming academic session. Working towards this end, we need to order more musical instruments. As the most prominent music instrument seller in the town, we would be highly obliged if you could send the following instruments by March 15th, 20XX.

Sr. No.ItemQuantity
1.Casio2
2.Piano1
3.Guitar4
4.Tabla2

I hope that the discount available to all the educational institutions is also made available to us.
Yours Faithfully Neeraj/Neerja Shekhar (Principal)
OR
21, Vasant Marg Bhilai
March 5th, 20XX
The Principal,
Bal Vidya Public School,
Bhilai
Subject: Applying for the post of PGT (Pol. Sc.)
Sir,
This is with the reference to your advertisement in the Bhilai Express dated March 1st, 20XX for the vacancy of a post-graduate teacher in Political Science and I wish to apply for the same.
I have just finished my B. Ed. from the Central Institute of Education (CIE) after completing my post-graduation in Political Science from Hindu College, University of Delhi. I have 4 years of teaching experience.
I am a person who is very motivated and dedicated. Given the job, I promise to keep up the reputation of the school and work diligently and sincerely. I will be available to walk in for an interview on the day and date specified by you.
Yours Faithfully
Sanjay/Sanjana Sharma
Encl. Bio-data

Bio-data
Name: Sanjay/Sanjana Sharma
Date of birth : 10/12/1990
Permanent address : 21, Vasant Marg, Bhilai
Ph. No.: 9350106576
E-mail add. : Sanjay@gmail.com/Sanjana@ gmail.com
Educational Qualifications:

s.No.CourseInstitutionSubjectsGrade
1.10+2

(Hum.)

St. Mark’s

School,

Bhilai.

Eng., Com., Pol. Sc., Eco., Hist., Geog.90%
2.B. A. Pol. Sc. (Hons.)Miranda College, New Delhi.Pol. Sc.70%
3.M.A. Pol. Sc. (Hons.)Hindu College. New DelhiPol. Sc.65%
4.B. Ed.Central Institute of Education (CIE)Pol. Sc., Eng.70%

Experience:

PostInstitutionTenure
1.T. G. T (SocialSt. Mark’s School,3 years
Studies)Bhilai
2.P. G. T. (Pol Sc.)Birla Vidya School, Bhilai1 year

Other interests : Dramatics, Reading, Photography,
References:
(i) Dr. Marwah
Reader
C-E, New Delhi
Ph. 6578267xxx
(ii) Dr. Sharma
Prof, of Pol.
Science
Hindu College,
Ph. 7621356xxx

Question 6.
Recent floods in many metropolitan cities of the country during the monsoon season laid bare the hollowness of the claims of the civic authorities of their preparedness. The poor had to bear the brunt of the problem while no one was ever held accountable. Write an article in 150-200 words on the common man’s woes during the monsoons and the need for accountability of the officials concerned. You are Sumit/Smita Verma. [10]
OR
You are Ali/Alia, Head girl/Head boy of your school. You are deeply disturbed by the rising cases of aggressive behaviour of students in your school. You decided to speak during the morning assembly about it. Write a speech on ‘Indiscipline in Schools’. (150-200 words)
Answer:
Monsoon Fury
by Sumit/Smita Verma
Rain, rain go away- Come again another day. This little childhood rhyme portraged the prevalent mood of most of the people of the major metropolitan cities of India – Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The monsoon fury was so extensive that it led to heavy losses of material and more importantly the loss of human lives. It was all unprecedented and unexpected.

There was an extensive loss of life and property. People were stranded in their own homes as they could not move out for a couple of days. The civic system came to a halt. Phone lines were disconnected and electricity lines were snapped. Life came to a standstill in busy commercial capitals like Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
People from all strata of life suffered. However, the most affected were the poor people who felt the brunt of it. Most of them are daily wage earners but they could not go to work because of the weather conditions. The children and families went hungry for many days. Rations were provided immediately to the people. The floods brought the inadequate civic amenities, into light. It led to an outbreak of diseases.

It is now the high time that the authorities wake up and take remedial measures. Prior steps should be taken to repair the roadways, waterways and all sewage systems. The officers should be held responsible and the poor should be evacuated immediately. Rations and aid must reach the victims quickly in order to control the situation faster.
OR
Indiscipline in Schools Good morning, dear principal, teachers and my fellow students assembled here. Today, I would like to talk about one disturbing aspect—the aggressive behaviour of most of the students. Aggressive behaviour among students has almost become a norm these days. Students are no longer courteous or well-behaved. They believe that impoliteness and rudeness is going to reward them and they are seriously mistaken! Cases of students pulling pranks are or the rise. This is a matter of concern as bullies assault students and children to get into fist fights. The growing atmosphere of hate and abuse should not be tolerated any longer.

There are a number of reasons for this kind of behaviour amongst students. The influence of TV, social media and the internet brings in a lot of ill effects. Working parents are not able to look after their children and the children are left on their own to find out what is good for them. It is the high time that some drastic change should happen to improve such situations. Counselling sessions and workshops on child behaviour must be held periodically. Value education classes must be made compulsory for students. More attention should be paid to students individualy, and more PTA meetings should be conducted. Discipline should become students way of life for the growth of the nation.
Ali/Alia
Headboy / Headgirl

Question 7.
“Academic excellence is the only requirement for a successful career”. Write a debate either for or against the motion. (120-150 words) [10]
OR
MMD School, Nashik, recently organised a science symposium on the topic : ‘Effect of pollution on quality of life’. You are Amit/ Amita Raazdan, editor of the school magazine. Write a report on the event for your school magazine. (120-150 words)
Answer:
Academic excellence is the only requirement for successful career
Good morning ladies and gentlemen. I am Avneet Kaur of Mira Modern School. I will be speaking against the topic ‘Academic excellence is the only requirement for a successful career’. If a student is good only in academic, he will be like ‘a frog in the well’. Versatility is the keyword these days. One needs to excel as a whole and be an all-rounder.
The whole world has become a global village, and life’s challenges have become more demanding. Higher ‘EQ’ is required these days than a higher ‘IQ’. In places of work you need to handle several people of different temperaments and being just into academics, does not help. One must not only be theoretical but should also be very practical in one’s approach. Theoretical knowledge is not sufficient in real life situations. On the whole, I believe only academic excellence does not help. One must learn finer skills like . being able to handle people and situations and only then will be successful. Thank you.
OR
The Science Symposium
By Amit/Amita Raazdan
A Science Symposium was held in the school, on the topic “effect of pollution on the quality of life.” It was held on March 4th, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. More than 50 schools participated in it. Leading scientists, science teachers and students from different schools, enthusiastically took part in it. The chief guest was Dr. Khurana, a scientist from CSIR.

The programme began with the lighting of the ceremonial lamp by the chief guest, accompanied by the principal and other leading dignitaries. It was followed by a powerpoint presentation on the effect of pollution on the quality of life. Panel discussions were held at different levels and after that the ending address was given by the chief guest. There was also a question-answer session at the end of the programme. Students from all schools participated into it willingly.

Amir Khan, one of the participants remarked, “It was a very educative session. We learnt a lot.” As could be seen, such workshops broaden the perspective of the students.

SECTION — C

(LITERATURE : TEXTBOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT)

Question 8.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: [1 × 4 = 4]
….. and clear rills
That for themselves a cooling covert make ‘Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with the sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;
…..
(a) Identify the poem and the poet.
(b) What is the role of the clear rills ?
(c) How has the mid forest brake become rich?
(d) Name the figure of speech in ‘cooling covert’.
OR
…. On their slag heap, these children Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.
(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) Explain : ‘slag heap’.
(c) What future awaits these children ?
(d) Name the figure of speech used in the third line.
Answer:
(a) ‘A Thing of Beauty’ by John Keats.
(b) Clear rills make the land fertile. Travellers here, find a shady place to take rest, when it is too hot.
(c) The mid forest brake has become rich because of the flowers blooming in it. There are musk roses, adding colour and beauty to the scene.
(d) Alliteration.
OR
(a) ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’ by Stephen Spender.
(b) ‘Slag heap’ means garbage dump. The poet is pointing at the children of the slum who are extremely starved and malnourished. They appear Skinny like a skeleton. Their world is full of dirt and garbage and they spend their life raking these slag heaps.
(c) The future of these children will be bleak and dark unless they are educated.
(d) Simile

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each : [3 × 4 = 12]
(a) What does the poet’s smile in the poem, ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ show ?
Answer:
The poet’s smile in the poem ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ shows that she is trying to pretend that everything is alright. She is trying to comfort herself and her mother by putting on a brave front.

(b) “Listening to them, I see two distinct worlds….”. In the context of Mukesh, the bangle maker’s son, which two worlds is Anees Jung referring to ?
Answer:
There are two worlds that Anees Jung is referring to in the context of Mukesh, the bangle maker’s son. One world is of the family, caught in poverty and burdened by the stigma of caste in which they are bom. The other world is the vicious circle of the sahukars, middlemen, policemen, keepers of law, bureaucrats and politicians.

(c) Though the sharecroppers of Champaran received only one-fourth of the compensation, how can the Champaran struggle still be termed a huge success and victory ?
Answer:
The Champaran struggle can be termed as a huge success and victory because of the following reasons :
(1) Gandhiji wanted to break the deadlock.
(2) The amount of the refund was not important but the landlords obliged to surrender a part of the money and with it their prestige.
(3) Lastly, the peasants had developed courage and learnt to amplify themselves. They had overcome their fear.

(d) Which article in McLeery’s suitcase played perhaps the most significant role in Evans’ escape and how?
Answer:
The semi-inflated rubber ring played the most significant role in Evan’s escape. It was filled with pig’s blood from the slaughterhouse in Kidlington. It was mixed with actual blood with l/10th of its own volume of 3.8 per cent trisodium citrate. Evan covered his head and face with this blood and thus was able to hide his indentity from the eyes of the prison officer.

(e) Why does Derry’s mother not want him to go back to visit Mr. Lamb ?
Answer:
Derry’s mother did not want him to go back to visit Mr. Lamb because she did not want her child Derry to wander around and get influenced by others who laugh at him.
She wanted him to think it out on his own. She is selfish and realizes that Mr. Lamb has played a more important role in Derry’s life.

(f) What considerations influenced the Tiger King to get married ?
Answer:
For the Tiger King, his selfish interests were more important. He wanted to marry the princess not for love but for his own greed. He wanted to marry a girl who had enough tigers in her father’s kingdom as he had to kill 30 more tigers to complete his mission of killing 100 tigers.

Question 10.
Answer the following question in 120-150 words: [6]
In one’s approach to life one should be practical and not live in a world of dreams. How is Jansie’s attitude different from that of Sophie ?
OR
Fear is something that we must learn to over-come if we want to succeed in life. How did Douglas get over his fear of water ?
Answer:
It is definitely true that one should have a realistic approach to life. It is better to be practical and down-to-earth than to be lost in the world of dreams. There is a total contrast between the attitudes of Sophie and Jansie. They are poles apart as far as their thinking is concerned. Jansie is extremely practical and down-to-earth and knows that they were earmarked to work in the biscuit factory, after finishing their high school.

Sophie is unrealistic and highly imaginative. She dreams of impossible careers — like becoming an actress, opening a boutique or becoming a fashion designer. Even when the entire family laughs at her impossible expectations of life, she does not deter. She only confides in Geoff, her brother because he does not contradict her. She also daydreams about having a date with Danny Casey, the famous football player. She feels shattered as she only gets a fleeting glimpse of him among 10,000 spectators in the stadium.
OR
“All we have to fear is fear itself”, said Roosevelt. When the element of fear creeps in, even the best of ventures will prove to be unsuccessful. Douglas had an aversion to water since his childhood. He was, when a bully pushed him into the water. The fear conquered his mind and he developed an aversion to water from then onwards. However, after a point, he felt upset as he could not indulge in water activities like fishing, canoeing, boating and swimming.
So he decided to overcome his fear of water. He appointed an instructor who trained him for 5 days,. The instructor put a belt around him with a rope attached to the belt which went through a pulley that ran on an overhead cable. He held on to the end of the rope and went back and forth, week after week for nearly three months. The instructor made him put his face underwater and exhale, and then raise his nose and inhale. He held him at the side of the pool and made him kick the water with his legs. Piece by piece, Douglas became a swimmer and swam the length of the pool.
However, to fully reassure himself, he swam the length of the swimming pool alone in the absence of the instructor. He swam in Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire and the warm lake until he felt truly confident.

Question 11.
Answer the following question in 120-150 words: [6]
At the end of the storytelling session, why does Jack consider himself ‘caught in an ugly middle position’ ?
OR
It may take a long time for oppression to be resisted, but the seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life. How did Zitkala-Sa face oppression as a child and how did she overcome it ?
Answer:
Jack used to tell a story from his own imagination every Saturday night in order to make Jo asleep. He used to create a basic plot with a hero named Roger, who had a problem which had to be solved by the wizard who would send him to the wise owl, who would then guide him how to get the required pennies. Jo was a precocious child who raised a lot of questions. On that particular day, his chief character was a skunk, who wanted to have the smell of roses so that he could relate to his peer group. There was a big controversy about the ending of the story as Jo supported Roger skunk and Jack supported his mother. At the end of the story, Jo wanted the story to be altered so she refused to sleep. Jack went down to help his wife Clare. She was furious as she felt that he had spent too much time with Jo. Jack found himself to be caught in an ugly position as he felt inadequate and helpless, both as a father and a husband.

As a father he had not been able to make Jo sleep who was unhappy with the ending of the story and as a husband, his wife was angry at him and he felt like he had nothing to do with her.
OR
Childhood is a time when the mind is most formative. The experiences that take place in childhood are indelible. It is proved in the life of Zitkala-Sa, a Red Indian student who was enrolled in a boarding school run by Yankees. When Zitkala entered the school, she felt distinctly out of place and uncomfortable. Her shawl was pulled away and she was made to wear clinging short dresses and shoes instead of her usual moccasins.

When the bells started ringing, she misinterpreted the signal and did all the things in a wrong way. She felt that the teacher’s eyes were always on her.

What angered her most was when she was warned by Judewin that her long hair was going to be cut. Her long hair was her identity and in their community, only mourners and cowards had their hair shingled.

Being an independent student, she decided to rebel against the system. She went to a large room and tried to hide under a large bed. However, she was pulled out, tied to a chair and her hair was cut. She felt that her individuality had not been respected and she was just a puppet in the hands of the Yankees.

However, through sheer determination and perseverance she worked hard. She became an eminent writer who championed the cause of her fellowmen.

Question 12.
Answer the following questions in 120-150 words : **[6]
How does the perception and attitude of the villagers of Raveloe change towards Silas Mamer from the beginning to the end of the novel ?
OR
How do you perceive Dr. Kemp based on his interaction with Griffin ?

Question 13.
Answer the following question in 120-150 words : ** [6]
How is Godfrey Cass different from his younger brother Dunstan ?
OR
“Misdirected and self-serving ambition essentially remains an exercise in futility.” Describe Griffin’s character in the light of the above statement.

Note : All the sets of Outside Delhi and Delhi are same.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

The post CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2018 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Delhi

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0

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions
  • very carefully and follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

** Answer is not given due to change in present syllabus

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Delhi Set – I

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are Smitha/Sunil, Secretary AVM Housing Society. You going to organize a blood donation camp. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, urging the members of your society to come in large numbers for this noble cause. Invent all the necessary details. [5]
OR
You are General Manager, Hotel Dosa, Gurgaon. You need a lady Front Office Assistant with sound knowledge of computers. She must be a graduate and good in communication skills with pleasing manners. Draft an advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in Gurgaon Times. [10]
Answer:

AVM HOUSING SOCIETY
NOTICE

26th October, 20XX

BLOOD DONATION CAMP

A blood donation camp is being organiszd by our society on 1 st November, 2QXX in the front part of the society. All the residents are, therefore, requested to donate their blood for a noble cause and save a life. For any details please contact the undersigned. Smitha/Sunil
Secretary
AVM Housing Society

OR

ASSISTANT REQUIRED

A lady Front Office Assistant, having sound knowledge of computers, a graduate with good communication skills and pleasing manners. Salary negotiable. Interested may apply immediately
Contact: General Manger
Hotel Dosa, Gurgaon

Question 4.
Your school Sun Public School, Pune celebrated ‘Environment Day7 on 5th November. Write a report on the programme in 100-125 words for your school newsletter. You are Neeta/Naveen, Cultural Secretary of the school. Invent the necessary details. [10]
OR
You are Deepak/Deepika, Secretary of Ahimsa Club, Parsva Public School, Delhi. On 2nd October your school observed ‘International Day for peace and Non-violence’, organizing various activities such as a visit to Raj ghat, Charkha spinning, lectures by eminent Gandhians, etc. Write a report for the same in 100-125 words.
Answer:
ENVIRONMENT DAY CELEBRATION
By Neeta/Naveen (Cultural Secretary)
Sun Public School, Pune, celebrated ‘Environment Day’ on 5th November very enthusiastically. Everybody was excited and showed eagerness towards the celebration. The students wore eco-friendly dresses. The corridors were decorated with the posters made by the children with the help of their art teacher. Many activities were organized on this occasion. A small play was presented by the students in connection with the environment friendly measures which should be adopted by the people. There was also an exhibition of the things made by the junior section of the school, which included paper bags, jute bags, and products made up of biodegradable matter. Our Principal gave an inspiring speech on how to preserve our environment. Student speakers also presented their views on the conservation of environment. After the function was over, tree plantation drive started. The first tree was planted by the Principal followed by the faculty members and then the children. In the end, students took the oath of planting a tree every year to make the environment neat and clean.
It was a great step towards the awareness about the environment.
OR
INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR PEACE AND
NON-VIOLENCE OBSERVED
By Deepika/Deepak (Secretary, Ahimsa Club) 2nd October was a memorable day for our school as it observed ‘International day for Peace and Non-violence. We all know that this day is celebrated to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi, who was the greatest messenger of peace and non-violence. Various activities were organized by the school. Students were told the importance of ‘Charkha Spinning’ and they enjoyed doing it by themselves. At the back stage, a group of students sang Bapu’s favourite bhajan ‘Vaishnav jan to tinhe kahiye in a choir. There were speeches made on the way of living that Gandhiji advocated all his life and the means to achieve them which according to Bapu should be noble and high. After that the children were taken to the Samadhi of Gandhiji known as ‘Rajghat’. The teachers as well as children paid homage to Bapu. The eminent Gandhians delivered speeches and told that he was a great example of selfless service, self-discipline, renunciation and deep love for suffering humanity.

In the evening, we returned back to the school to disperse to our homes but there was a sense of content and peace in our mind and soul.

Question 5.
As a regular commuter by bus from Noida to Delhi, you have been witnessing rash driving by the bus drivers daily without an exception. Write a letter to the editor “The Times of India” drawing the attention of the General Manager of Delhi Transport Corporation to this problem. You are Priti/Prakash, 15, Udyog Vihar, Noida. [5]
OR
Write a letter to Lightways Sport, Amrapalli, Thane, placing an order for sports articles (Minimum 4) to be supplied to your school, ABC Matriculation School, Civil Lines, Pune, Sign as Ravi/Raveena, Sports Secretary.
Answer:
15, Udyog Vihar,
Noida

24th September, 20XX

The Editor,
The Times of India

Subject: Rash Bus Driving
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the General Manager, Delhi Transport Corporation towards the increasing cases of rash bus driving. This has created havoc in the city as it has become a routine habit of the drivers. Daily one or two cases of mishaps due to the negligence of the drivers are coming into light. It’s not an overheard thing, but I have experienced it myself as I am a regular commuter by bus from Noida to Delhi. The number of accidents have been increasing daily which results in the loss of many lives. This should be checked as drivers are indifferent towards the sufferings of the public and do not pay heed towards the traffic rules. The most common sufferers are the elders and the children. Immediate action is the need of the hour. Either the registration of their vehicle should be cancelled or their driving license, to bring such mishaps under control.
I expect a favorable response.

Thank you,
Yours Sincerely,
Priti/Prakash
OR
ABC Matriculation School,
Civil Lines, Pune

26th October, 20XX

The Manager,
Light ways Sport,
Amrapali, Thane.

Sub: Order for Sports Articles Dear Sir/Madam,
We need to purchase some sports articles for our school. The list of the articles is as follows :

ItemsQuantity
1.Basketballs4
2.Cricket bats6
3.Volleyballs4
4.Footballs3

Kindly, send the articles after proper checking at the school sports complex between 10. a.m. to 2. p.m. Please make the delivery as soon as possible. As we have been a regular buyer of sports goods from your shop for past many years, a good amount of discount is expected on the above mentioned items. Payment will be done at the time of delivery through demand draft.
Thank You.
Yours Sincerely,
Raveena/Ravi (Sports Secretary)

Question 6.
Your family has recently shifted from Kota in Rajasthan to Emakulam in Kerala, where your house is situated in the midst of beautiful flowering plants and fruit-yielding trees. Every minute and every second, you are experiencing the joy of being in the lap of nature. Write an article in 150-200 words on the diversity of nature that you have experienced. You are Latha/Lalitha of class XII. [10]
OR
Write an article in 150-200 words on the topic, ‘Poverty is the cause of all evils’, to be published in the Young World of ‘The Hindu’, Chennai.
Answer:
IN THE LAP OF NATURE
By Latha/Lalitha Class XII
One can find huge diversity in nature while living in India. I experienced it personally when we shifted to Ernakulam in Kerala from Kota, Rajasthan. It seemed as if we have shifted not places but nature. From the brown mountains to the green canopies, the change was completely welcomed by all the family members. For the first time in my whole life, I saw such greenery. The words used for Kerala as ‘God’s Own Country’, appeared to be true which I had only heard or read till now. Living in the lap of nature is a completely new experience. The greenery is extremely enchanting and to add to its beauty, is the location of my house amidst the beautiful flowering plants and fruit yielding trees. The fragrance of the blooming flowers fill the house and the aroma enters the soul. The view of fruit-laden trees is equally fascinating. There is no sign of pollution here. Evergreen beaches, fishing nets spread all over the sea, the richness of coconut and jackfruit, all make it a desired place to live in. The place has not lacked even in the preservation of its culture. The boat race in the backwaters is done during the festival of Onam. It is famous for its spices and ‘Ayurvedic Kerala Massage.’ In all, I must say that I enjoy the bracing environment, relaxed life, temples, backwaters and shaded woods of Kerala.
OR
POVERTY IS THE CAUSE OF ALL EVILS
By Xyz
India is a country where most of the population live in villages and below poverty line. Poverty prevails not only in villages but also in big cities. The metro cities are full of slums, where majority of people are living in inhumane conditions. Their basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are not fulfilled. Millions and millions of people are the victims of malnutrition, hunger, poor health and illiteracy. Their condition is not better than stray dogs. The prices are rising at a very high rate and in the same way their condition is also deteriorating. The rich are becoming richer, and the poor are becoming poorer. Circumstances and negligence force them to adopt evil means and criminal activities like robbery, murder, kidnapping, looting and so on. Children are made to beg and women are compelled to become prostitutes. If it is not acceptable to anyone, then they commit mass suicide.

The society, reformatory organizations, government, and non-profit organizations should take a step forward to improvise the condition of these people. There should be a check on the fund allocated for poverty removal and also whether it is properly utilised or not.

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOK)

Question 7.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Perhaps the Earth can teach us As when everything seems dead And later proves to be alive Now I’ll count up to twelve And you keep quiet and I will go.
(i) What does the Earth teach us? [1]
(ii) What does the poet mean to achieve by counting up to twelve? [1]
(iii) What is the significance of ‘keeping quiet’? [1]
OR
A flowery band to bind us to the Earth,
Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth
of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways made for our searching:
OR
(i) What are we doing every day? [1]
(ii) Which evil thing do we possess and suffer from? [1]
(iii) What are the circumstances that contribute towards making humans unhappy and disillusioned with life? [1]
Answer:
(i) The Earth teaches us to remain quiet even in the adverse situations.
(ii) The poet, asks us to keep quiet while he counts up to twelve as he wants us to self-analyse.
(iii) It is quite necessary to keep quiet for some time as it would help us introspect and understand ourselves, so that we can solve our problems.
OR
(i) Every day we are weaving a beautiful string of flowers that would bind us to earth, and motivate us to live our life happily instead of pains and sufferings.
(ii) We possess evils of hatred and jealousy that do not let us live freely and happily. They steal away the joys of life.
(iii) There is competition everywhere and the world is full of selfish people. There is a dearth of goodness and nobility in human nature. This makes us gloomy, unhappy and disillusioned with life.

Question 8.
Answer any three of the following questions in 30-40 words each: [2×3=61
(a) Why has the poet’s mother been compared to the Tate winter’s moon’?
(b) What message does Stephen Spender convey through the poem ‘An Elementary school Classroom in a Slum’?
(c) What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand?
(d) What will happen to Aunt Jennifer’s tigers when she is dead?
Answer:
(a) The poet’s mother has been compared to the ‘Late winter’s moon because she is too old and tired in the same way as the winter’s moon is dull and without shine.

(b) The poet conveys the message that the life of the children living in slum is limited to their filthy dark room only. They have no future or hope and they don’t know the outer world. This problem can be solved only when a school inspector, educationist or a governor comes here.

(c) The men who had put up the roadside stand, pleaded in a pitiable manner to customers as they wanted to earn some money. They wished the city folks to stop there to buy something from them.

(d) After Aunt Jennifer’s death, she will enter another world and her plight would remain same but her tigers would lead a fearless life and walk with grace, elegance and confidence.

Question 9.
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each: [2 × 3 = 6]
(a) How did Franz react to the declaration that it was their last French lesson?
(c) How did the instructor turn Douglas into a swimmer?
(d) Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person?
Answer:
(a) Franz was shocked to hear that there would be no French lessons from now onwards and felt extremely sorry for neglecting his lessons and regretted not having the chance to learn its grammar rules. His French teacher M. Hamel would also be seen no more in the school.

(c) The instructor taught Douglas to swim step by step. He told him to exercise and practice daily making his limbs and hands stronger. He also taught him to exhale and inhale outside and inside the water. He trained him perfectly by teaching all the strokes of swimming and thus, turned Douglas into a swimmer.

(d) Sophie’s brother Geoff was the only person in her life to whom she could confide in. He was an introvert who used to speak very little and so she thought that he would never let any of her secret out. She felt that she would be safe with him anywhere in this strange world.

Question 10.
Answer the following in 125-150 words : [10]
How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? What course did he adopt and how did he react to the new situation? What does his reaction reveal?
Answer:
The peddler robbed thirty kronors from crofter’s house who gave him shelter for the whole night in his cottage showing him kindness and hospitality. The peddler felt very happy after that and believed that it was not safe to walk along the public highway. So, he went into the woods but lost his way and when he could not get out of it, he thought the whole world with its lands and seas, its cities and villages is nothing but a big ‘rattrap’ and he was the victim of it. He felt that the bait in his case was the money that he had stolen from crofter’s house. It was now his turn to be caught in the world’s rattrap. Whenever we become the victim to temptations, we get trapped in this vicious circle.

Peddler could not help but think, and was trying to prove his act of robbery by thinking that crofter had put the money to trap him due to which, he got tempted. He was not the only one who was tempted, but almost everyone; some or the other day gets trapped.

Question 11.
Answer the following in about 100 words: [5]
Exploitation is a universal phenomenon. The poor indigo farmers were exploited by the British landlords to which Gandhiji objected. Even after our independence we find the exploitation of unorganized labour:
What values do we learn from Gandhiji’s campaign to counter the present day problems of exploitation?
Answer:
The conditions that prevailed during the time of Gandhiji are still existing. The weak and the poor are living in the same condition as they used to, prior to the independence, only the ways of exploitation have altered. The poor sharecroppers were exploited by the British landlords and their lands were snatched from them. Gandhiji fought for them systematically by gathering information and presenting the facts courageously and managed to get justice for the fear-stricken peasants. The striking feature of this was that he did not use any form of violence or unfair means.

These methods can be adopted by us also, as we must be aware of our strengths and weaknesses and then proceed accordingly as one should not fall into the trap by any means. We should never compromise at the cost of our dignity or selfrespect and thus sought out the solutions wisely.

Question 12.
Answer the following in 125-150 words : [7]
What is the bond that unites the two-the old Mr. Lamb and Derry, the small boy? How does the old man inspire the small boy?
OR
Do you think Dr. Sadao’s final decision was the best possible one in the circumstances? Why/ why not? Explain with reference to the story ‘The Enemy’.
Answer:
Derry and Mr. Lamb had the same sense of loneliness and they both lived a secluded life due to their physical inability. Derry experienced Mr. Lamb to be a peculiar person saying strange things which he was not able to understand, still he felt some kind of attraction towards him. He was differently- abled but was calm and maintained peace with people around him. He was not irritated by the children who called him ‘Lamey-Lamb’. Before coming in contact with Mr. Lamb, Derry felt lonely due to the behaviour of people but lamb inspired him and filled him with self-confidence and determination. He taught him to live his life to the fullest without brooding over his burnt
face. He told him to move ahead in life as his brain and senses were working completely. He imbibed positive thinking in him and showed him the way to live life in spite of his inability because he could do much better than others. This was the bond that united both of them.
OR
Yes, Dr. Sadao’s final decision was the best possible one in the given circumstances because, he was hiding an enemy in his house and everybody was aware of it. Although he had no love for Americans and he was a true patriot still he saved him realizing his ‘sacred’ duty to save a dying man. This brought an open defiance from his domestic staff and his wife had to do all the household work. Moreover, there was a high risk as he was sheltering an enemy. So, when he felt that the man was out of danger, he helped him to escape. He got a boat ready with food, water and extra clothing and asked the soldier to row the boat to a little island that was not too far from the coast and from there he could take a Korean fishing boat. One evening, there was no signaling and Dr. Sadao understood that the man was off safely on a Korean fishing boat and it was then that he had a sound sleep.

Question 13.
Answer the following in 30-40 words: [2 × 2 = 4]
What sort of hunts did the Maharaja offer to organize for the high-ranking British officer? What trait of the officer does it reveal?
OR
What did Jo want the wizard to do when Mommy Skunk approached him?
Answer:
The Maharaja offered to organize every sort of hunt for the high ranking British Officer which also included boar hunt, mouse hunt and so on, but refused to entertain the tiger hunt.
The British officer himself was not interested in killing the tiger, he only wanted his photograph beside the body of the dead tiger with a gun in his hand. It reveals that the British officer was a boastor and self-publicist.
OR
Jo wanted the wizard to hit Mommy Skunk because she wanted Roger Skunk to smell foul like before and that’s why she took him to the wizard. There she hit him with the umbrella and Jo disliked it as according to her, the wizard was right.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Delhi Set – II

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 4.
You are General Kanpur Senior Secondary School, Kanpur celebrate ‘No Tobaco Day’ on 4th September. Write a report in 100-125 words on the activities performed for your school newsletter. You Shobita/Sameer, cultural Secretary of your school. Invent the necessary details. [10]
OR
As a staff reporter of The Times of India, Delhi, you are asked to cover an incident of daylight robbery on the outskirts of Delhi, While the inmates were present in the house. Write a report in 100-125 words.
Answer:
NO TOBACCO DAY
By Sameer/shobita (Cultural Secretary)
4th June 20XX was celebrated as ‘No Tobacco Day’ by our school. An interesting and educative programme was organised to highlight the evil effects of tobacco on human body. The programme was inaugurated by the Director of Education. Students had exhibited pictures, posters and cartoons depicting the harms of smoking. A demonstration was presented to highlight the miserable state of tobacco addicts. The messages ‘No Smoking’ and ‘Smoking is injurious to health’ were preached quiet overtly. Then, the school doctor gave an illuminating discourse, on the harms caused by tobacco. He used slides, graphs and pictures to illuminate his talk. A short film was also screened to drive home the menace caused by tobacco smoking or chewing. The plight of the patients of cancer, caused by tobacco, made us shudder. We resolved not to smoke or chew tobacco.
OR
A DAYLIGHT ROBBERY
By Xyz (TOI, Correspondent)
New Delhi, 2nd March, 20XX: A daring daylight robbery occurred today in the house of Mr. William at 2.00 p.m. After lunch, the inmates were enjoying their afternoon siesta, when a group of marked young men entered the house, from the roof top. At first, they shut all the doors from inside and bolted the main gate from within. They cut off the telephone connection and then pointed their gun at the chest of Mr. William and demanded the keys of the safe, in which ornaments, cash, valuables and other important documents were kept. The head of the family was helpless and had to submit the keys. According to Mr. William, the robbers decamped with all the cash and jewellery they could. Apparently there was no loss of life. Personal rivalry is assumed to be one of the motives behind the crime.

Question 5.
You are Kamini/Kamal of 10, Civil Lines Extension, Chanakyapuri, Agra. The main road leading to your locality has three open manholes causing frequent accidents at night, especially during the rainy season. Write a letter to the Editor, The Times of India drawing attention of the Municipal Commissioner to this problem of the residents. [10]
OR
You are Anoop/Akriti, of Baden Powel Senior Secondary School, Delhi. Write a letter to the Sales Manager, Apama Publishing House, placing an order for the books (minimum four titles) for your school library. Invent the necessary details.
Answer:
10, Civil lines Extension,
Chanakyapuri, Agra.

20th June, 20XX

The Editor,
The Times of India,

Subject: Open Manholes in the locality
Dear Sir,
Through the column of your esteemed daily, I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authority to the problem caused by three open man-holes, on the main road of our locality. The number of accidents have increased due to these, specially during the rainy season. School students are vulnerable to such situations. All the complaint letters written to the concerned authorities till date have been in vain. The manholes need to be cemented at the earliest to avoid future mishaps.
ThankYou
Yours Sincerely,
Kamini/Kamal
OR
Baden Powel Sr. Secondary School,
Delhi.

20th July, 20XX

Sales Manager,
Aparna Publishing House,
Delhi.

Subject: Order for Books
Dear Sir,
We have been purchasing books from you for the past ten years and hence we want to place an order for the following books for our school library.

ItemsQuantity
1.CBSE     Complete Course English Core Class XIIth.

 

5
2.CBSE Political Science Textbook Class XIIth20
3.CBSE     Biology Part I and II 10 Textbook Class XIIth.

 

10
4.CBSE   Home science Textbook 25 Class XIIth.

 

25

Kindly, send these books and provide us the necessary discount. Payment will be done by cheque after receiving the books.
Thank You.
Yours Sincerely,
Anoop/Akriti

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOK)

Question 9.
Answer any three of the following question in 30-40 words each : [6]
(a) How did Franz react to the declaration that it was their last French lesson?
(b) What made the lawyer lose his job? What was about it? (Poets and Pancakes)
Answer:
(a) Franz is overwhelmed with a feeling of remorse and regret when he heard that henceforth only German was to be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. He wished that he had spent so much time in trivial pursuit like seeking birds eggs, or going sliding in the saar. The books that seemed such a nuisance earlier appeared like an old friend now.

Question 13.
Answer the following in 30-40 words each: [8]
(c) What according to the author, Tishani Doshi are the issues engaging public attention and interest during our tone?**

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Delhi Set – III

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are Smitha/Sunil, Secretary AVM Housing Society. You are going to organize a yoga camp. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, urging the members of your society to come in large numbers to attend the camp. Invent all the necessary details. [5]
Answer:

AVM HOUSING SOCIETY, DELHI
NOTICE

1st March, 20XX

REJUVENATION YOGA CAMP

All residents are hereby informed that a yoga camp is being organised from March 5, 20XX to April 5, 20XX, at 6:00 am, in the Central Park of the Society. Residents from all age groups can participate in the camp. Please get yourselves registered at the earliest by contacting the undersigned.
Smitha/Sunil
Secretary
AVM Housing Society

Question 5.
You are Kamini/Kamal of 10, Civil Lines Extension, Chanakyapuri, Agra. The main road leading to your locality has three open manholes causing frequent accidents at night, especially during the rainy season. Write a letter to the Editor, The Times of India drawing attention of the Municipal Commissioner to this problem of the residents. [10]
OR
You are Anoop/Akriti, of Baden Powel Senior Secondary School, Delhi. Write a letter to the Sales Manager, Apama Publishing House, placing an order for the books (minimum four titles) for your school library. Invent the necessary details.
Answer:
10, Civil lines Extension,
Chanakyapuri, Agra.

20th June, 20XX

The Editor,
The Times of India,

Subject: Open Manholes in the locality
Dear Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the havoc created by the stray animals in the city. These animals are left to roam during the busy hours of the day, resulting in huge traffic jams due to which the public has to face a lot of problem. Sometimes, accidents also take place as they appear suddenly in front of moving vehicles. The concerned authorities have already been notified but no action has been taken yet. The issue needs to be addressed at the earliest, in order to avoid any such inconvenience and mishaps.

Thank you.
Yours Sincerely,
Shantha/Suresh
OR
Zenith Public School,
Kosi Kalan.

25th May, 20XX
Sales Manager
Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd.
New Delhi

Subject: Placing an order for Electronic Appliances
Dear Sir,
We need to purchase some electronic items for the school hostel. The list of items is as follows :

ItemsQuantity
1.Ceiling fans10
2.Microwave ovens5
3.Geysers6

All the items should be properly checked and delivered at the school hostel between 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Please make sure to give the necessary discount permissible on every item. The payment will be done through cheque only after the delivery of the items.

Thank You.
Yours Sincerely,
Nalini/Vishal
Hostel Warden

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXT BOOK)

Question 8.
Answer the following in 30-40 words each:
(b) The poet says, ‘And yet, for these children, these windows, not this map, their world’. Which world do these children belong to? Which world is inaccessible to them?
Answer:
(b) Through these words, the poet is conveying the message that the children dwelling in the slums have no idea of the outer world. They are living a dark and gloomy life, with no future or hope. The world map hanging in their classroom is meaningless to them. They have the view of the outer world only though the windows of the classroom. So, these windows should be much bigger so that the children may be able to come out of them.

Question 9.
Answer the following in 30-40 words each: [2]
(a) What did M. Hamel tell them about the French language? What did he ask them to do and why?
Answer:
(a) It was, the last day of M. Hamel in the school and he told them the importance of French language. He praised the language as the most beautiful and sweetest language of the world. If one keeps his language with him, he can liberate himself from any type of slavery.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः

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CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः

कारक – जिन शब्दों का क्रिया के साथ साक्षात् संबंध होता है, उन्हें कारक कहते हैं (क्रियान्वयित्वं कारकत्वम्)। क्रिया तथा द्रव्य का संयोग करने वाले शब्दों को कारक कहते हैं। जिन शब्दों का क्रिया से साक्षात् संबंध नहीं होता, वे कारक नहीं कहलाते, जैसे – सम्बन्ध।
कारक के भेद – कारक के छः भेद होते हैं
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 1

विशेष – संबंध (Genetive) की गणना कारकों में नहीं होती, क्योंकि इसका क्रिया से सीधा संबंध नहीं होता। इसमें षष्ठी विभक्ति होती है और इसका चिह्न- का, के, की है।

विभक्ति – संज्ञा शब्दों के क्रिया के साथ संबंध को प्रकट करने के लिए जो प्रत्यय लगाया जाता है उसे कारक विभक्ति कहते हैं। सामान्यतः कर्ता कारक का बोध कराने के लिए प्रथमा विभक्ति, कर्म कारक का बोध कराने के लिए द्वितीया विभक्ति, करण कारक का बोध कराने के लिए तृतीया विभक्ति, सम्प्रदान कारक का बोध कराने के लिए चतुर्थी विभक्ति, अपादान कारक का बोध कराने के लिए पंचमी विभक्ति तथा अधिकरण कारक का बोध कराने के लिए सप्तमी विभक्ति प्रयुक्त होती है।

कारक तथा विभक्ति में अन्तर – कारक विभक्ति का पर्यायवाची शब्द नहीं है क्योंकि कर्तृवाच्य में तो कर्ता कारक में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है परंतु कर्मवाच्य तथा भाववाच्य में कर्ता कारक में तृतीय विभक्ति होती है। इसी प्रकार कर्तृवाच्य में कर्म में द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है, किंतु कर्मवाच्य में कर्म में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है।
षष्ठी विभक्ति – एक संज्ञा शब्द का दूसरे संज्ञा शब्द से संबंध बताने में षष्ठी विभक्ति होती है। प्रमुख रूप से ये चार संबंध हैं

(क) स्व-स्वामिभाव संबंध, जैसे – साधु का धन (साधोः धनम्)।
(ख) जन्य-जनकभाव संबंध, जैसे – पिता का पुत्र (पितुः पुत्रः)।
(ग) अवयवावयविभाव संबंध, जैसे – पशु का पैर (पशोः पादः)।
(घ) स्थान्यादेशभाव संबंध, जैसे – ब्रू के स्थान पर वच् (ब्रुवोः वचिः)।

सम्बोधन कारक – उपर्युक्त विभक्तियों के अतिरिक्त एक सम्बोधन कारक होता है जिनका अंतर्भाव प्रथमा विभक्ति में कर लिया जाता है। सम्बोधन, एकवचन में प्रथमा विभक्ति के एकवचन के रूप में कहीं थोड़ा परिवर्तन हो जाता है, द्विवचन तथा बहुवचन के रूप पूर्णतया प्रथमा विभक्ति के समान चलते हैं।

उपपद विभक्ति – जो विभक्ति किसी पद विशेष (प्रायः अव्यय) के योग में आती है उसे उपपद विभक्ति कहते हैं। जैसे ‘सह’ के योग में तृतीया उपपद विभक्ति होती है।

कारक तथा उपपद विभक्ति – यदि कहीं कारक तथा उपपद विभक्ति दोनों भिन्न-भिन्न हों, तो वहाँ कारक विभक्ति को ही बलवान् मानकर उसका प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे ‘नमस्करोति’ क्रिया के कर्म में द्वितीया कारक विभक्ति का प्रयोग उचित है (नमस्करोति = नमः + करोति) भले ही नमः के योग में चतुर्थी उपपद विभक्ति का नियम रहता है।

उदाहरण – गुरुभ्यः नमः, गुरून् नमस्करोमि। प्रथम वाक्य में नम: के योग में गुरुभ्यः में चतुर्थी उपपद विभक्ति का प्रयोग उचित है किंतु द्वितीय वाक्य में नमस्करोति क्रिया के साथ कर्म (गुरून्) में द्वितीया विभक्ति का प्रयोग उचित है।

प्रथमा विभक्ति
(Nominative Case)

1. किसी शब्द का नियत अर्थ बताने में, लिंग का बोध कराने में, परिमाण का ज्ञान कराने में, वचन मात्र के निर्देश में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है।
(क) प्रातिपदिक का अर्थ बताने में-कृष्णः (कृष्ण), श्रीः (लक्ष्मी), ज्ञानम् (ज्ञान) शब्दों में नियत अर्थ बताने के लिए प्रथमा विभक्ति प्रयुक्त हुई है।
(ख) लिंग का बोध कराने में – तटः (पुल्लिङ्ग), तटी (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), तटम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) शब्द में प्रथम विभक्ति है।
(ग) परिमाण मात्र में – द्रोणो व्रीहिः (द्रोण भर चावल)। यहाँ द्रोणः प्रथमा विभक्ति है तथा यह व्रीहिः का विशेषण हो गया है।
(ग) वचन का ज्ञान कराने में-एकः (एकवचन), द्वौ (द्विवचन), बहवः (बहुवचन) शब्दों में प्रथमा विभक्ति है तथा विशिष्ट संख्या की सूचना भी मिलती है।

2. कर्तृवाच्य के कर्ता में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है। जैसे-‘अहम् गृहं गच्छामि’ वाक्य में गच्छामि क्रिया का कर्ता अहम् है।
3. कर्मवाच्य के कर्म में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है। जैसे-‘रामेण पत्र लिख्यते’ में ‘पत्रम्’ में कर्म होने पर कर्मवाच्य के कारण प्रथमा विभक्ति है। (‘वाच्य-परिवर्तन’ में अन्य उदाहरण देखिए।)
4. सम्बोधन में-हे बालिकाः। अत्र आगच्छत। यहाँ ‘बालिका’ में प्रथमा विभक्ति है।

द्वितीया विभक्ति
(Accusative)

कर्मणि द्वितीया

1. वाक्य में प्रयुक्त शब्दों में से कर्ता क्रिया के द्वारा जिसको सबसे अधिक चाहता है उसे कर्म कहते हैं। उस पर क्रिया के व्यापार का फल पड़ता है। यदि वाक्य कर्तृवाक्य में हो तो कर्म कारक में द्वितीया विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 2
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 3

2. द्विकर्मक क्रिया में-वाक्य में मुख्य कर्म के साथ-साथ कहीं पर गौण या अकथित कर्म होता है। गौण या अकथित कर्म में भी द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है। गौण कर्म निम्न धातुओं में होते हैं-दुह्, याच्, पच्, दण्ड्, रुध्, प्रच्छ्, चि, ब्रू, शास्, जि, मथ्, मुष्, नी, ह, कृष्, वह।
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 4

3. गत्यर्थक धातुएँ-गत्यर्थक धातुओं के साथ द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है। (चाहे शारीरिक कर्म हो, मानसिक कर्म हो या अन्य प्रकार की गति हो)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 5

4. अधि उपसर्ग पूर्वक शी, स्था तथा आस् धातुओं के योग में भी द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है।
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 6

उपपद विभक्ति

5. कलावाचक तथा मार्गवाचक शब्द, यदि उनके बीच में किसी प्रकार की रुकावट न हो अर्थात् निरंतरता का बोध हो, कर्म के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते हैं। जैसे –
न ववर्ष वर्षाणि द्वादश देवः। (इंद्र अर्थात् बादल लगातार बारह साल तक नहीं बरसा।)
मासं गुडधानाः सन्ति। (गुड़ और धान लगातार एक मास के लिए है।)
क्रोशं कुटिला नदी। (कोस तक नदी लगातार टेढ़ी है।)

6. अकर्मक धातुओं के योग में देश, काल, भाव और गगन के योग्य मार्ग की कर्म संज्ञा होती है। जैसे
सः कुरून् स्वपिति। (वह कुरुदेश में सोता है।)
सः मासम् आस्ते। (वह महीने भर रहता है।)
विद्यालयः क्रोशम् अस्ति। (विद्यालय कोस भर है।)

7. अभि तथा नि उपसर्ग पूर्वक विश् धातु के आधार में कर्म कारक होता है। जैसे –
सः सन्मार्गम् अभिनिविशते। (वह सन्मार्ग पर आता है।)

8. उप, अनु, अधि, आ, उपसर्गपूर्वक वस् धातु के आधार की कर्म संज्ञा होती है। जैसे –
विश्वनाथ: काशीम् उपवसति, अनुवसति, अधिवसति, आवसति वा। (विश्वनाथ काशी में रहते हैं।)
हरिः वैकुण्ठम् उपवसति, अनुवसति, अधिवसति, आवसति वा। (हरि वैकुण्ठ में निवास करते हैं।)
विशेष – उपवास अर्थ में उपVवस् की कर्म संज्ञा नहीं होती। जैसे-सः वने उपवसति (वह वन में उपवास करता है)।

9. उभयतः (दोनों तरफ), सर्वतः (सब तरफ), धिक् (धिक्कार), उपर्युपरि (ऊपर), अधोऽधः (नीचे), अध्यधि (ऊपर-ऊपर), अभितः (दोनों तरफ), परितः (चारों तरफ), समया (पास), निकषा (पास), हा, प्रति, अन्तरा, अन्तरेण के योग में द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है।
(i) कृष्णम् उभयतः गोपाः सन्ति। (कृष्ण के दोनों तरफ ग्वाले हैं।)
(ii) उद्यानम् सर्वतः जलमेव दृश्यते। (बाग में सब तरफ जल-ही-जल दिखाई देता है।)
(iii) धिक् जाल्मान्। (दुष्टों को धिक्कार है।)
(iv) उपर्युपरि लोकं सः हरिः। (वह हरि संसार के ऊपर हैं।)
(v) अधोऽधः लोकं सः हरिः। (हरि संसार के नीचे है।)
(vi) अध्यधि लोकं सः। (वह संसार के ऊपर-ऊपर है।)
(vii) प्रयागम् अभितः नद्यौ स्तः। (प्रयाग के दोनों तरफ नदियाँ हैं।)
(viii) नगरं परितः नदी वहति। (गाँव के चारों तरफ नदी बहती है।)
(ix) ग्रामं समया नदी। (गाँव के पास नदी है।)
(x) निकषा लंकां समुद्रः अस्ति। (लंका के पास समुद्र है।)
(xi) हा नास्तिकम्। (नास्तिक पर अफसोस।)
(vii) अहं नगरगमनं प्रति उत्सुकोऽस्मि। (मैं नगर जाने के लिए उत्सुक हूँ।)
(xiii) अन्तरा त्वां मां च हरिः। (तुम्हारे और मेरे बीच हरि हैं।)
(xiv) परिश्रमम् अन्तरा सुखं नास्ति। (परिश्रम के बिना सुख नहीं।)
(xv) अन्तरेण हरिं न सुखम्। (हरि के बिना सुख नहीं।)

10. कर्मप्रवचनीय (अनु, अति, अभ, उप, परि) के योग में द्वितीया विभक्ति आती है, जैसे
(i) जपम् अनु प्रावर्षत्। (जप के बाद वर्षा हुई।)
(ii) अति देवान् कृष्णः। (कृष्ण देवों से बढ़कर है।)
(iii) भक्तो हरिम् अभि। (भक्त हरि के समीप है।)
(iv) उप हरिं सुराः। (देवता हरि से हीन हैं।)
(v) वृक्षं वृक्षं प्रति। (प्रत्येक वृक्ष पर।)
दीनं प्रति दयां कुरु। (दीन के प्रति दया कर।)
लक्ष्मीः हरिं प्रति, परि अनु वा। (लक्ष्मी हरि का अंश है।)
(vi) मालाकारः वृक्षं वृक्षं प्रति सिंचति परिसिंचति, वा। (माली प्रत्येक पेड़ को सींचता है।)

11. दक्षिणेन तथा उत्तरेण आदि ‘एनप्’ प्रत्ययान्त शब्दों के साथ द्वितीया व षष्ठी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
(i) मम आगारं धनपतिगृहं (धनपतिगृहस्य वा) उत्तरेण अस्ति। (मेरा घर धनपति के घर के उत्तर में है।)
(ii) मम आगारं धनपतिगृहं (धनपतिगृहस्य वा) दक्षिणेन अस्ति। (मेरा घर धनपति के घर के दक्षिण में है।)

12. पृथक्, विना और नाना के योग में द्वितीया, तृतीया और पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
(i) परिश्रमं विना कुतो विद्या?
(ii) परिश्रमेण विना कुतो विद्या? परिश्रमाद् विना कुतो विद्या? (परिश्रम के बिना विद्या कहाँ?)
(iii) पृथक् रामेण रामं रामात् वा नास्ति कल्याणम्। (राम के पृथक् भला नहीं है।)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 7

तृतीया विभक्ति
(Instrumental)

करणे तृतीया :-

क्रिया की सिद्धि में अत्यंत उपकारक ही करण होता है अर्थात् जिसकी सहायता से कर्ता अपना कार्य पूर्ण करता है उसे करण कारक कहते हैं। यथा-सः लेखन्या पत्रं लिखति। यहाँ वह कलम (लेखनी) की सहायता से पत्र-लेखन का कार्य पूरा करता है, अतः लेखनी करण कारक हुआ है।

1. कर्तृवाच्य के करण कारक में तथा कर्मवाच्य के कर्ता कारक में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
कर्तृवाच्य – रामः बाली बाणेन हतवान्। (राम ने बाली को बाण से मारा।)
कर्मवाच्य – रामेण बाली बाणेन हतः। (राम द्वारा बाली बाण से मारा गया।)

2. शपथबोधक शब्दों के योग में जिस नाम से शपथ ली जाती है, वह तथा गत्यर्थक धातुओं के योग में वाहन या साधन करण कारक होता है तथा करण कारक में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। यथा
अहं जीवितेन शपामि। (मैं प्राणों की शपथ लेता हूँ।)
राजा रथेन गच्छति। (राजा रथ से जाता है।)

3. समानता या सादृश्यवाचक शब्दों के साथ तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
सः त्यागे धनदेन समः। (वह त्याग में कुबेर के समान है।)
सः वीर्य विष्णुना सदृशः। (वह वीरता में विष्णु के समान है।)
लवस्य मुखं सीतायाः मुखचन्द्रेण संवदति। (लव का मुख सीता के मुखचन्द्र से मिलता है।)
स: स्वरेण रामभद्रम् अनुहरति। (वह स्वर में राम से मिलता है।)

4. वाहन, धारण के अर्थ की द्योतक धातुओं में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे
सः श्वानं स्कन्धेन वहति। (वह कुत्ते को कंधे पर उठाता है।)
सः आज्ञा शिरसा धारयति। (वह आज्ञा को सिर पर उठाता है।)
भर्तुः आज्ञा मूर्जा आदाय। (पति की आज्ञा सिर पर धारण कर।)

करण कारक के अन्य उदाहरण –

CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 8
काले (मोटे) अक्षरों में छपे पदों में तृतीया विभक्ति है क्योंकि कन्दुक, नेत्र, पाद आदि पदार्थ उन-उन वाक्यों में निर्दिष्ट क्रियाओं में साधनभूत हैं।

उपपद विभक्ति

5. अलम् के योग में तथा अपि, किम् कार्यम्, प्रयोजनम्, अर्थ, गुण, हीन इत्यादि शब्दों के योग में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
अलं विषादेन; अलम् अतिविस्तरेण; अलं क्रोधेन। (दुःख मत करो; बहुत विस्तार मत करो; क्रोध मत करो।)
ईश्वराणाम् तृणेन अपि कार्यं भवति। (धनिकों का तिनके से भी काम हो जाता है।)
किम् अतिश्रमेण? (अत्यधिक श्रम से क्या लाभ?)
तव ज्ञानेन प्रयोजनं नास्ति। (तुम्हारा ज्ञान से कोई प्रयोजन नहीं है।)
कोऽर्थः मूर्खेण पुत्रेण? (मूर्ख पुत्र से क्या लाभ?)
धर्मेण हीनः पशुभिः समानः। (धर्म से हीन पशु के समान है।)
तस्य धनेन किं यो न ददाति याचकाय। (उसके धन से क्या लाभ जो याचक को दान नहीं करता।)

6. फल प्राप्त होने पर कालवाची तथा मार्गवाची शब्दों में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे
द्वादशभिः वर्षेः व्याकरणं श्रूयते। (बारह वर्षों में व्याकरण पढ़ा जाता है।)
सः सप्तभिः दिनैः नीरोगः जातः। (वह सात दिनों में नीरोग हुआ।)

7. सह, साकम्, सार्धम्, समम् के साथ अप्रधान में भी तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
नाहं मूर्खेण सह गच्छामि। (मैं मूर्ख के साथ नहीं जाता।)
त्वं वानरेण साकं धावसि। (तू बंदर के साथ दौड़ता है।)
सः पित्रा सार्धम् प्रतिनिवृत्तः। (वह पिता के साथ लौट गया।)
सा केन साकं विद्यालयं अगच्छत्। (वह किसके साथ विद्यालय गई?)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 9

8. जिस अंग से शरीर का विकार प्रसिद्ध हो, उस अंगवाचक पद के योग में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
अक्ष्णा काणः। (आँख से काना।) कर्णाभ्यां बधिरः। (कानों से बहरा।)
पादेन खञ्जः। (पाँव से लँगड़ा।) पृष्ठेन कुब्जः। (पीठ से कुबड़ा।)

9. जिस लक्षण के द्वारा कोई वस्तु या मनुष्य लक्षित हो, उस लक्षणबोधक शब्द में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
जटाभिः तापसः (जटाओं से तपस्वी)

10. पृथक्, विना, नाना के योग में द्वितीया, तृतीया व पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
सा रामेण विना पृथक्/नाना जीवितुं न शक्नोति। (वह राम के बिना जीवित नहीं रह सकती।)

चतुर्थी विभक्ति
(Dative)

सम्प्रदाने चतुर्थी

1. जिसको उद्दिष्ट करके कोई वस्तु दी जाए उसे सम्प्रदान कारक कहते हैं। सम्प्रदान में चतुर्थी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे
विप्राय गां ददाति (ब्राह्मण को गाय देता है)। यहाँ ब्राह्मण के लिए गाय प्रदान करता है अत: ब्राह्मण सम्प्रदान कारक है तथा इसमें विप्र (ब्राह्मण) के योग में चतुर्थी विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया गया है।
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 10

2. क्रिया के द्वारा जो वस्तु अभिप्रेत हो उसकी भी सम्प्रदान संज्ञा होती है। जैसे –
पत्ये शेते। (वह पति को अनुकूल करने के लिए सोती है।)

3. रुच् धातु के साथ प्रसन्न होने वालों में सम्प्रदान कारक होता है। जैसे –
हरये रोचते भक्तिः। (हरि को भक्ति अच्छी लगती है।)

4. धृ धातु (ऋणी होना, उधार लेना अर्थ में) के प्रयोग में ऋण देने वाले के योग में सम्प्रदान कारक होता है। जैसे –
त्वं मह्यं शतं धारयसि। (तुम्हें मेरे सौ रुपये देने हैं।)

5. ण्यन्त ‘स्पृह’ के योग में जो वस्तु चाही जाए उसमें भी चतुर्थी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
सः पुष्पेभ्यः स्पृह्यति। (वह पुष्पों की चाह करता है।)

6. क्रुध्, द्रुह्. इं; तथा असूय् धातुओं के योग में जिन पर क्रोध, ईर्ष्या आदि की जाए उनमें चतुर्थी विभक्ति होती है।
जैसे
सः जामात्रे क्रुध्यति। (वह दामाद पर क्रोध करता है।)

7. प्रति तथा आ पूर्वक श्रु धातु (प्रतिज्ञा अर्थ में) जिनसे प्रतिज्ञा की जाती है उनके योग में चतुर्थी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
विप्राय गां प्रतिशृणोति। (वह ब्राह्मण से गाय की प्रतिज्ञा करता है।)

8. नमः, स्वस्ति, स्वाहा, स्वधा, वषट् के योग में चतुर्थी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
नमो राष्ट्रदेवाय। (राष्ट्र देव को नमन हो।) गुरवे नमः। (गुरु जी को प्रणाम।)
प्रजाभ्यः स्वस्ति। (प्रजाओं का कल्याण हो।) पितृभ्यः स्वधा। (पितरों को हवि का दान।)
इन्द्राय वषट्। (इन्द्र के लिए हवि का दान।)

9. पर्याप्ति अर्थ में अलम् व तदर्थ वाचक समर्थः, शक्तः, प्रभुः के प्रयोग में चतुर्थी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
अलं मल्लो मल्लाय (यह पहलवान उस पहलवान के लिए काफी है)।

सम्प्रदान कारक के कुछ अन्य उदाहरण –

CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 11
उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में पुष्पेभ्यः, धनाय, निर्धनाय, नेत्राभ्याम्, कार्येभ्यः, गोपालाय, बालेभ्यः, स्वास्थ्याय, परोपकाराय

घृताय – पदों में सम्प्रदान कारक है क्योंकि इन वाक्यों में निर्दिष्ट क्रियाएँ पुष्प, धन, निर्धन, नेत्र, कार्य, गोपाल, बाल, स्वास्थ्य, परोपकार तथा घृत के लिए की जा रही है।

पञ्चमी विभक्ति
(Ablative)

अपादाने पञ्चमी

1. पृथक् होने के योग स्थिर (ध्रुव) पदार्थ की अपादान संज्ञा होती है तथा अपादन कारक में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
वृक्षात् पत्रं पतति। (वृक्ष से पत्ता गिरता है।)
सः ग्रामाद् आयाति। (वह गाँव से आता है।)
सः धावतोऽश्वात् पतति। (वह दौड़ते हुए घोड़े से गिरता है।)

2. जुगुप्सा, विराम तथा प्रमादवाची धातुओं के योग में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
सः पापात् जुगुप्सते। (वह पाप से घृणा करता है।)
सः धर्मात् प्रमाद्यति। (वह धर्म का प्रमा करता है।)
सः अध्ययनात् विरमति। (वह पढ़ने से रुकता है।)
धीराः न्याय्यात् पथः पदं न प्रविचलन्ति। (धीर न्यायमार्ग से पद भर विचलित नहीं होते।)

3. भय तथा रक्षा अर्थ वाली धातुओं के प्रयोग में जिससे भय या रक्षा हो उनके योग में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
सः सिंहात् बिभेति। (वह शेर से डरता है।) खलेभ्यः राजा त्रायते। (राजा दुष्टों से रक्षा करता है।)

4. नियमपूर्वक विद्या ग्रहण करने में पढ़ाने वाले के योग में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
सः अध्यापकात् संस्कृतं पठति। (वह अध्यापक से संस्कृत पढ़ता है।)
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 12

5. जन् तथा प्र । भू धातुओं के कर्ता से हेतु में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे
कामात् क्रोधः अभिजायते। (काम से क्रोध पैदा होता है।)
गंगा हिमालयात् प्रभवति। (गंगा हिमालय से उत्पन्न होती है।)

6. दूर करना या हटाना अर्थ वाली धातुओं के योग में अत्यंत इष्ट कारक में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे
यवेभ्यो गां वारयति। (जौ के खेत से गाय को हटाता है।)।

7. अन्य (भिन्न, अतिरिक्त,) आरात् (समीप या दूर), इतर, (दूसरा), ऋते (विना), प्राक्, प्रत्यक् आदि अन्य दिशावाची शब्द बहिः, अनन्तर, परं, ऊर्ध्वम् आदि के योग में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैस –
कृष्णात् अन्यः, भिन्नः, अतिरिक्तः, इतरः। (कृष्ण से भिन्न।)
वनात् आरात्। (वन के समीपा)
ऋते ज्ञानात् न मुक्तिः। (ज्ञान के बिना मुक्ति नहीं।)
ग्रामात् पूर्वं उत्तरो वा। (गाँव के पूर्व या उत्तर में।)
प्राक् प्रत्यक् व ग्रामात्। (गाँव के पूर्व या पश्चिम में।)
दक्षिणाहि ग्रामात्। (गाँव के दक्षिण में।)
ग्रामाद् बहिः। (गाँव से बाहर।) सः शैशवात् प्रभृति चतुरः। (वह बचपन से ही चतुर है।)
भोजनाद् अनन्तरम्। (भोजन के बाद।) अस्मात् परम्। (इसके बाद।)
मुहूर्ताद् ऊर्ध्वम्। (क्षण भर के बाद।)

8. तरप, ईयसुन् तुलनात्मक प्रत्ययान्त शब्दों के योग में जिससे तुलना की जाए, उन शब्दों में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी (जननी और जन्मभूमि स्वर्ग से भी महान् हैं)।

9. दूर और अन्तिक शब्दों में द्वितीया, तृतीया व पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
दूरम् (द्वितीया), दूरेण (तृतीया), दूरात् (पंचमी)-ग्रामस्य दूरं, दूरेण, दूरात् वा।

10. प्रतिनिधि व प्रतिदान (बदलना) के योग में पंचमी विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
प्रद्युम्नः कृष्णात् प्रति (प्रद्युम्न कृष्ण के प्रतिनिधि हैं)।
तिलेभ्यः प्रतियच्छति माषान् (वह तिलों से उड़द बदलता है)।

अपादान कारक के कुछ अन्य उदाहरण –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 13
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 14

इन वाक्यों में आकाश, भवन, विमान, ग्राम, गोमुख, गृह तथा उद्यान से पृथक् होने का भाव है, अत: इन शब्दों में पंचमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग है।

षष्ठी विभक्ति
(Genetive)

1. जहाँ अन्य विभक्तियों के प्रयोग का विधान नहीं है, उन शेष संबंधों को बताने के लिए षष्ठी विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ये संबंध स्व-स्वामी, जन्य-जनक और कार्यकारण के रूप में हो सकते हैं। जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 15

2. (कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति, 2.3.65) – कृदन्त क्रिया का प्रयोग होने पर उस क्रिया के कर्ता अथवा कर्म में भी षष्ठी विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे –
रघुवंशम् कालिदासस्य कृतिः (रचना) अस्ति। (रघुवंश कालिदास की कृति है।) इस वाक्य में /क धातु से ति (क्तिन) प्रत्यय जोड़कर भाववाचक संज्ञा ‘कृति’ बनाई गई है। यद्यपि कालिदास करने वाला (कर्ता) है किंतु ‘कृतिः’ शब्द के साथ होने पर षष्ठी विभक्ति होगी। इसी प्रकार ‘रचना’ या ‘सृष्टि’ शब्द भी कृदन्त भाववाचक संज्ञा है। इनके साथ भी षष्ठी विभक्ति का प्रयोग होगा।
वेदव्यास: वेदानाम् अध्येता आसीत् = वेदव्यास वेदों को पढ़ने वाला था। इस वाक्य में भी अधि Vइ (पढ़ना) क्रिया से तृच् (कृत) प्रत्यय जोड़कर शब्द बनाया गया है (अध्येता = पढ़ने वाला)। इसका कर्म ‘वेद’ है। उसमें षष्ठी विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया गया है।
मम इदं कर्तव्यमस्ति। देवस्य गीतं मनोज्ञं अस्ति। बालकानां रोदनं श्रुत्वा माता सचिन्ता भवति। ऋषयो यज्ञानां कर्तारः आसन्। विषस्य भोजनं घातकं भवति। रामः राक्षसानां घातकः आसीत्। परिश्रमेण विद्यायाः प्राप्तिः भवति। पुष्पाणां दर्शनं प्रसादकं भवति!
उपर्युक्त सभी वाक्यों में कृदंत शब्दों के साथ होने पर षष्ठी विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया गया है।

सप्तमी विभक्ति
(Locative)

1. अधिकरण कारक की परिभाषा – (आधारोऽधिकरणम् 2.4.45) कर्ता और कर्म से संबंध रखने वाली अर्थात् कर्तृवाच्य में कर्ता द्वारा और कर्मवाच्य में कर्म द्वारा की जाने वाली क्रिया के आधार को अधिकरण कहते हैं। जैसे –

अहम् पुस्तक काष्ठफलके निक्षिपामि। (मैं पुस्तक को मेज पर रखता हूँ।) इस वाक्य में ‘अहम्’ के द्वारा की जाने वाली ‘निक्षिपामि’ क्रिया का आधार ‘काष्ठफलक’ है अतः यह अधिकरण है।
मया पुस्तकं काष्ठफलके निक्षिप्यते – यहाँ पुस्तकं (प्रथमा विभक्ति) से संबद्ध ‘निक्षिप्यते’ क्रिया का आधार काष्ठफलक है। अतः अधिकरण है।

2. (सप्तम्यधिकरणे च, 2.3.36) – जिसकी अधिकरण संज्ञा होती है उसमें सप्तमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग किया जाता है। इसीलिए ऊपर के वाक्यों में ‘काष्ठफलके’ में सप्तमी विभक्ति है। सः प्रातःकाले उत्तिष्ठति उद्याने उपविश्य च पठति। इस वाक्य में सः कर्ता है। उसका संबंध ‘उत्तिष्ठति’ और ‘उपविश्य’ क्रियाओं से है। उठने का आधार (समय की दृष्टि से) प्रात:काल है और बैठने का आधार (स्थान की दृष्टि से) उद्यान है। अतः दोनों आधारों की अधिकरण संज्ञा होगी और उनमें सप्तमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग होगा।

3. (आयुक्तकुशलाभ्यां चासेवायाम् 2.3.40) – तत्परता (आसेवा) अथवा नियुक्त अर्थ में आयुक्त और कुशल (निपुण) शब्दों के योग में षष्ठी और सप्तमी दोनों विभक्तियाँ की जाती हैं किंतु आसेवा (तत्परता) के न होने पर केवल सप्तमी ही होती है। जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 17
आयुक्ता शकटे गौः- इसमें तत्परता नहीं है अतः केवल सप्तमी होगी।

4. (साधुनिपुणाभ्यामर्चायां सप्तम्यप्रतः, 2.3.43) – पूजा अर्थात् आदर के अर्थ में साधु और निपुण शब्दों के साथ सप्तमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग होता है। ‘प्रति’ का प्रयोग होने पर सप्तमी नहीं होगी। जैसे –
श्रवणकुमारः मातरि साधुः आसीत्। (श्रवणकुमार माता के प्रति अच्छा व्यवहार करता था।)
सुशीलः पितरि निपुणोऽस्ति। (सुशील पिता की सेवा करने में निपुण है।)

5. इनके अतिरिक्त कुछ विशेष प्रयोग हैं, जहाँ सप्तमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग पाया जाता है।
(क) स्नेह, आदर, अनुराग शब्दों के तथा इनके समानार्थक अन्य शब्दों के साथ और √ स्निह्, √ अभिलष् धातुओं
के कर्म में सप्तमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे –
एषु वृक्षेषु मम सहोदरस्नेहोऽस्ति (इन वृक्षों पर मेरा सगे भाई का सा स्नेह है)। यहाँ स्नेह के साथ होने के कारण वृक्षेषु में सप्तमी विभक्ति का प्रयोग है।
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः 16

मिश्रित-अभ्यासः

1. कोष्ठक में दिए गए शब्दों के उचित प्रयोग द्वारा रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए –
(क) 1. …………… विना कुतो विद्या? (ज्ञान)
2. नृपः ……….. धनं यच्छति। (निर्धन)
3. बालाः पुस्तकम् ………..। (पट)
उत्तर:
1. ज्ञानम्/ज्ञानेन/ज्ञानात्
2. निर्धनाय
3. पठन्ति

(ख) 1. ………. उभयतः वृक्षाः सन्ति। (नदी)
2. सीता ………. साकम् आगच्छत्। (राम)
3. ………….. नमः। (ईश्वर)
उत्तर:
1. नदीम्
2. रामेण
3. ईश्वराय

(ग) 1. सः …………… विश्वसिति। (अस्मद्)
2. सः ………… गणितम् अधीते। (अध्यापक)
3. नरः …………. बिभेति। (सिंह)
उत्तर:
1. मयि
2. अध्यापकात्
3. सिंहात्

(घ) 1. माता ………… कुप्यति। (पुत्र)
2. अलम् ………… (कोलाहल)
3. सः ………… प्रति गच्छति। (ग्राम)
उत्तर:
1. पुत्राय
2. कोलाहलेन
3. ग्रामम्

(ङ) 1. ……… निकषा नदी वहति। (ग्राम)
2. पुत्रः ……….. सार्धं गच्छति। (पितृ)
3. सा ……….. स्पृह्यति। (पुष्प)
उत्तर:
1. ग्रामम्
2. पित्रा
3. पुष्पेभ्यः

(च) 1. ……… दुग्धम् रोचते। (शिशु)
2. नदी ………… प्रभवति। (पर्वत)
3. छात्रः ………….. प्रवीणः। (व्याकरण)
उत्तर:
1. शिशवे
2. पर्वतात्
3. व्याकरणे

(छ) 1. …………… समया विद्यालयः अस्ति। (मन्दिर)
2. पिता ……….. क्रुध्यति। (पुत्र)
3. ……….. बहिः उद्यानम् अस्ति। (नगर)

(ज) 1. सः बालम् …….. रक्षति। (सिंह)
2. ………. ऋते न सिद्धिः। (श्रम)
3. …………. परितः क्षेत्राणि सन्ति। (ग्राम)

(झ) 1. ………… सर्वतः जलम् अस्ति। (नगरी)
2. छात्रः ………… समं गच्छति। (आचार्य)
3. कातरः ……….. त्रस्यति। (युद्ध)

(ञ) 1. वानरः ……….. अधिशेते। (शाखा)
2. अलम् ………… । (विवाद)
3. भक्तः ………. जुगुप्सते। (पाप)

(ट) 1. रामः मित्रम् …………. निवारयति। (पाप)
2. दाने सः …………… तुल्यः । (कुबेर)
3. पथिकः ………….. अधितिष्ठति। (धर्मशाला)

(ठ) 1. …………… अन्तरेण न सुखम्। (सनतोष)
2. …………. हीनः मानवः पशुः। (धर्म)
3. …………… नमः। (शिव)

2. कोष्ठकगत-शब्देषु समुचित-विभक्तिं प्रयुज्य रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

1. ग्रामम् (ग्राम) अभितः वृक्षाः सन्ति।
2. ज्ञानम्/ज्ञानेन/ज्ञानात् (ज्ञान) विना जीवनं वृथा।
3. गुरवे (गुरु) नमः।
4. नगरात् (नगर) बहिः नदी वहति।
5. कविषु (कवि) कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः।
6. छात्रेषु (छात्र) विनोदः कुशलः अस्ति।
7. विद्यालयम् (विद्यालय) परितः आपणानि सन्ति।
8. इयं कक्षा, अलं कोलाहलेन (कोलाहल)।
9. कृष्णः कंसाय (कंस) अलम्।
10. बालः सात् (सर्प) बिभेति।
11. मम (अस्मद्) पुरतः कः तिष्ठति?
12. यः दुर्जने (दुर्जन) विश्वसिति सः मूर्खः।
13. धिक् …………… (ईश्वर निन्दक)।
14. ……….. (राम) सह सीता अपि वनम् अगच्छत्।
15. राजा ………. (दरिद्र) धनं यच्छति।
16. ………….. (स्वाध्याय) मा प्रमदः।
17. ……….. (युस्मद्) पृष्ठतः कः अस्ति?
18. यूयं …………. (विद्यालय) प्रति गच्छथ।
19. याचकः ……….. (नेत्र) काणः अस्ति।
20. ………… (तत्) किं रोचते?
21. रविवासरः ………… (शनिवासर) परः भवति।
22. ……….. (राम) वामतः कः आसीत्?
23. माता ……….. (पुत्र) स्निह्यति।
24. …………… (विद्या) विना नरः पशुः भवति।
25. ………….. (ज्ञान) हीनाः पशुभिः समानाः।

3. कोष्ठकात् समुचित-विभक्ति-पदं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत

1. …………… विना कोऽपि न जीवति। (वायु, वायुः)
2. निरक्षरस्य ……………….. कि प्रयोजनम्? (जीवनाय, जीवितेन)
3. दुर्जन: ………….. असूयति। (सज्जनाय, सज्जनेन)
4. ………. अनन्तरं गुरुवासरः भवति। (बुधवासरात्, बुधवासरेण)
5. ……………..विश्वासं मा कुरु। (अविश्वस्तस्य, अविश्वस्ते)
6. ………………धिक्। (चौराय, चौरम्)
7. ……………… सह तत्र कः अगच्छत्? (त्वाम्, त्वया)
8. …………… नमः। (हनुमते, हनुमानाय)
9. ……………. बहिः मा गच्छ। (कक्षात्, कक्षेण)
10. ……………… रोहणः श्रेष्ठः अस्ति। (अस्मासु, अस्मभ्यम्)
11. ……………. समया नदी वहति। (ग्रामस्य, ग्रामम्)
12. अयं पुस्तकालयः, अलं …………….। (कोलाहलेन, कोलाहलस्य)
13. भीम ……….. अलम्। (दुर्योधनाय, दुर्योधनस्य)
14. …………… विना मुक्तिः नास्ति। (ज्ञानस्य, ज्ञानात्)
15. ………… पुरतः सिंहः आसीत्। (तस्य. तम्)
16. ……………. कः निपुणः? (अस्मासु, अस्मभ्यम्)
17. …………… पृष्ठतः कः आसीत्? (तव, त्वाम्)
18. रमा ………………”बिभेति। (सिंहेन, सिंहात्)
19. …………… हसनं रोचते। (तस्यै, तस्याः)
20. रामः …………. सह वनम् अगच्छत्? (कस्याः , कया)

4. अधोलिखितेभ्यः शुद्धं पदं चित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत।

1. पश्य! पश्य! …………………………………….. परितः पुष्पाणि न सन्ति।
(क) विद्यालयः (ख) विद्यालयम् (ग) विद्यालयस्य (घ) विद्यालयेन

2. सज्जनाः …………… सह चलन्ति।
(क) सज्जनैः (ख) सज्जनान् (ग) सज्जनानाम् (घ) सज्जानत्

3. सः पाठनकाले …………………… बहिः गच्छति।
(क) कक्षायाः (ख) कक्षायाम् (ग) कक्षाम् (घ) कक्षायै

4. कक्षायाम् ………………….. परितः छात्राः अतिष्ठन्।
(क) गुरुणा (ख) गुरुम् (ग) गुरोः (घ) गुरौ

5. अस्याम् कक्षायाम् ……………………. रामः श्रेष्ठः वर्तते।
(क) छात्राणाम् (ख) छात्रेभ्यः (ग) छात्रान् (घ) छात्रैः

6. यज्ञे …………………… स्वाहा भवतु।
(क) इन्द्रम् (ख) इन्द्राय (ग) इन्द्रेण (घ) इन्द्रे

7. कार्यालये …………….. उभयत: तौ तिष्ठतः।
(क) त्वम् (ख) त्वाम् (ग) तव (घ) तुभ्यम्

8. सा ……………….. अनुरक्ता अस्ति ।
(क) पुष्पे (ख) पुष्पस्य (ग) पुष्पाय (घ) पुष्पात्

9. योगी कथयति ……………. किम्?
(क) धनात् (ख) धनेन (ग) धनाय (घ) धनस्य

10. उद्याने …………… अभितः खगाः तिष्ठन्ति।
(क) वृक्षम् (ख) वृक्षस्य (ग) वृक्षात् (घ) वृक्षण

11. भक्ताः कथयन्ति ………………….. स्वाहा।
(क) भगवतः (ख) भगवते (ग) भगवन्तम् (घ) भगवति

12. सा कन्या ……………. स्पहयति।
(क) पुष्पाणि (ख) पुष्पेभ्यः (ग) पुष्पाय (घ) पुष्पाणाम्

13. सः पुरुषः …………… बिभेति।
(क) शत्रोः (ख) शत्रुम् (ग) शत्रवे (घ) शत्रुणा

14. ……………… पूर्वम् उद्यानम् तिष्ठति।
(क) नगरस्य (ख) नगरात् (ग) नगराय (घ) नगरं

15. ……………. कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः वर्तते।
(क) कविभ्यः (ख) कवीनाम् (ग) कवयः (घ) कवीन्

16. ……………. पृष्ठतः कः?
(क) ग्रामम् (ख) ग्रामस्य (ग) ग्रामाय (घ) ग्रामात्

17. सः …………… कुशलः ।
(क) पठने (ख) पठनाय (ग) पठनेन (घ) पठनस्य

18. सम्प्रति ……………….. परितः के?
(क) मम (ख) माम् (ग) अहम् (घ) मह्यम्

19. …………….. स्पृह्यति।
(क) पठनाय (ख) पठनम् (ग) पठनेन (घ) पठनात्

20. …………………. बहिः उद्यानम् वर्तते।
(क) नगरस्य (ख) नगरात् (ग) नगरं (घ) नगराय

21. अधुना ………………. नृत्यम् रोचते।
(क) बालिकाम् (ख) बालिकायै (ग) बालिकायाम् (घ) बालिके

22. सः ………………. सह गच्छति।
(क) बालिकायाः (ख) बालिकया (ग) बालिकाय (घ) बालिकायै

23. बालिकाय सम्प्रति …………………. विना न सफलता।
(क) परिश्रमात् (ख) परिश्रमस्य (ग) परिश्रमे (घ) परिश्रमैः

24. ……………. उभयतः जलम् वहति।
(क) देशस्य (ख) देशम् (ग) देशेन (घ) देशाय

25. छात्राः कथयन्ति ……………. नमः ।
(क) अध्यापकम् (ख) अध्यापकाय (घ) अध्यापकस्य

26. अध्यापकः …………… पुस्तकम् ददाति।
(क) छात्राय (ख) छात्रम् (ग) छात्रेण (घ) छात्रात्

27. माता ……………….. क्रुध्यति।
(क) पुत्राय (ख) पुत्रम् (ग) पुत्रेण (घ) पुत्रस्य

28. …………………. अभितः वृक्षाः सन्ति।
(क) नगरस्य (ख) नगरम् (ग) नगरेण (घ) नगरे

29. बालकः ………………… बिभेति।
(क) सिंहात् (ख) सिंहस्य (ग) सिंहम् (घ) सिंहेन

30. छात्राः ……………… सह भ्रमणाय गच्छन्ति।
(क) गुरोः (ख) गुरुणा (ग) गुरुम् (घ) गुरवे

31. तस्मै ………………. पठनम् रोचते।
(क) छात्रायै (ख) छात्रस्य (ग) छात्रायाः (घ) छात्रायाम्

32. सीता ………………… सह वनम् अगच्छत्।
(क) रामस्य (ख) रामेण (ग) रामाय (घ) रामम्

33. सम्भवतः अद्य …………………. मोदकम् न रोचते।
(क) मम (ख) मह्यम् (ग) मत् (घ) माम्

34. सः ……………….. निपुणः वर्तते।
(क) कार्यस्य (ख) कार्ये (ग) कार्यात् (घ) कार्येण

35. व्यर्थेण …………………. किम्?
(क) जीवनेन (ख) जीवनस्य (ग) जीवनाय (घ) जीवनात्

36. अध्यापकः …………………. प्रवीणः अस्ति।
(क) पाठनस्य (ख) पाठने (ग) पाठनम् (घ) पाठनाय

37. अहं कथयामि-वरुण ………………. नमः।
(क) देवाय (ख) देवम् (ग) देवात् (घ) देवेन

38. राजा ………………… गाम् यच्छति।
(क) ब्राह्मणाय (ख) ब्राह्मणम् (ग) ब्राह्मणः (घ) ब्राह्मणात्

39. भिक्षुकः ………………. बहिः देवालयः अस्ति।
(क) देवालयात् (ख) देवालयम् (ग) देवालयाय (घ) देवालये

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Sanskrit

The post CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit कारक-उपपद विभक्तीनां प्रयोगाः appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Outside Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Outside Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions
  • very carefully and follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2013 Outside Delhi Set – I

Section – A
(READING) 20

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [12]
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately, there is little choice for the air we breathe. Everything there in the air is inhaled by all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dust of various inorganic or organic origins. Although, we often talk of the outdoor air pollution caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.

3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of ‘suffocation’ in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen in the air the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such increment is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.

4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting common in big cities with the small houses, which are generally overfurnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed to those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and the other indoor products.

5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the burning of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.

6. Smoking of tobacco in a closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.

7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.

8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are common, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitive-diseases.

9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house.
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant ? [1]
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present ? [2]
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? [1]
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? [2]
(v) How is indoor smoking hazardous? [1]
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? [2]
Answer:
(i) Air pollutant is a gaseous or a particulate matter present in the air in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations.

(ii) Air pollutants are present in gaseous form such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The pollutants are also in the form of dust of various inorganic or organic origins.

(iii) We feel suffocated in a closed environment due to lack of oxygen. Accumulation of carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs and more exposure to carbon monoxide are also the reasons of suffocation.

(iv) Sick building syndrome is characterised by a general feeling of malaise, headache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membrane. It may be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression.
It is increasing due to poorly ventilated and over furnished houses in big cities in which there is high concentration of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen and other harmful substances.

(v) Indoor smoking is hazardous in the way that there are 3,000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke which are harmful to human health.

(vi) The houses should be properly ventilated with more and more greenery around them. Smoking of tobacco and burning of coal inside the houses should also be avoided to overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution.

(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: [3]
(i) Giddiness (para 4)
(ii) Constant (para 8)
(iii) Humidity (para 8)
Answer:
(i) Dizziness
(ii) Persistent
(iii) Dampness.

Question 2.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow: [8]
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.

The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green vegetables with leanes, apples, melons, peaches, pears, etc.

These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas, most of the other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, they get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.

In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects help in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol levels. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 percent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.

Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.

The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore, high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation. The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.

The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become an important constraint on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes in points only, using abbreviations wherever necessary. Provide a suitable title.
Answer:
(a)
Title: Dietary Fibres
1. Importance: lowers
(i) hrt disease
(ii) irrtble bowel syndrome
(iii) dental caries
(iv) gall stones

2. Rich dietary fibers
(i) cereals, grains, legumes
(ii) fruits
(iii) vegetables

3. Adverse effects
(i) bind metals like ca, mg, ph, zn
(ii) prevents their absoptn
(iii) nutnl defcncy

Abbreviation Used

Hrt.heart
Irrtble.irritable
Ca.calcium
Mg.magnesium
Ph.phosphorous
Zn.zinc
Absoptn.absorption
Nutnl.nutritional
Defcncy.deficiency

(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words. [3]
SUMMARY
Dietary fibers are indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. People having diet rich in fibers have low heart diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones. Sources of dietary fibers are legumes, cereals, fruits, vegetables and grains. The fibers like gums present in fenugreek and pectin decrease glucose level. The diet which is less in fibers results in colon cancer. The dietary fibers hold water and functions like sponge, hence they prevent constipation.
But there are adverse effects also. They bind some trace metals resulting in nutritional deficiency.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS) 35

Question 3.
You are Vineeta/Vikram, School pupil leader of Rani Laxmi Bai Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Draft a notice for your school notice board in not more than 50 words inviting the names of the students who want to participate in the cultural programme organised in aid of the victims of the recent Assam floods. [5]
OR
You have a three bedroom flat in Dwarka, which you want to let out on rent. Draft an advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in “The Times of India” under classified columns, Contact 2758902.
Answer:

RANI LAXMI BAI SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL
NOTICE

30th July, 20XX

Participation in the Cultural Programme

To help the flood victims of Assam, a cultural programme is being organized by the school on 30th August, 20XX, in the school auditorium. The students who are interested in participating in dance, singing or dramatics can give their names to their respective class teachers by 7th August, 20XX.

Vineeta/Vikram
School Pupil Leader

OR

FLAT AVAILABLE

For rent, good accommodation, prime location, three bhk flat in Dwarka, near metro station, fully furnished, company lease preferred, AC installed in all the rooms, expected rent 30,000/- Interested may contact: 2758902

Question 4.
Maxim Gorky School, Kodaikanal celebrated “Nutrition Week” from 1st September to 7th September by arranging inter-school cookery contests, oratorical, painting and poster competition, besides talks by eminent nutritionists and medical professionals. There was an overwhelming response from students and parents. Prepare a report in 100-125 words to be published in your school magazine. You are Arjun/Anita, School pupil leader. [10]
OR
You are Roshan/Rohini, School Pupil Leader of Meerut Public School, Meerut. Your school joined a campaign organised by various agencies of your city to create awareness among people to conserve water. Write a report in 100-125 words highlighting the activities such as rain water harvesting etc.
Answer:
NUTRITION-WEEK
By Anita/Arjun (School Pupil Leader) Maxim Gorky School, Kodaikanal celebrated Nutrition Week from 1st September to 7th September in the school auditorium. The celebration started with lighting of candles by our respected Principal followed by his inspirational speech on the present day’s health issues and the impact of diet on it. Different schools participated in various competitions organised by the school. The competitions included interschool cookery contests, oratorical, painting and poster competition, besides valuahce idian inere shoored by eminent nutritionists and medical professionals. The students as well as their parents gave an overwhelming response because nowadays everybody is conscious about their health and well-being. The speech on the nutritional value of food by a student was praised by all. The programme was a combined effort of the teachers and the students and received a huge appreciation by present there.
In the end, the results of the competitions organised were declared and the winners were awarded prizes by Principal.
OR
WATER CONSERVATION
By Rohini/Roshan (School Pupil Leader) Water scarcity today has become a big issue which, if not dealt with in time, will turn out to be a hazard. To make people aware to conserve water, Meerut Public School joined a campaign organised by various agencies of the city. People in large numbers attended it and were asked to conserve every drop of water and not to waste it unnecessarily. Small skits presenting the ways of conserving water were presented by the children. It was an easy approach as the venue of the campaign was the public park and the passersby also stopped to become a part of the campaign. Besides, importance of rainwater harvesting and its the methods, were also explained. People were encouraged to improve water management practices that reduce the wastage of water and enhance the beneficial uses of water. Some ancient methods of water conservation should also be practiced. In case, someone is found misusing water, he /she will be enalised. Public was motivated by this, and they joined hands and took oath to use water properly and motivate others also.

Question 5.
Write a letter to your cousin, Raj Prakash who is currently staying in Dubai explaining the process of CCE, being used by CBSE for the secondary school examination in its affiliated schools. Also mention how you and your classmate have reacted to this scheme. You are Narain/Nisha, 20 Fort Road, Mumbai. [10]
OR
Recently you travelled from Bangalore city to Vasco in Vasco Express. To your dismay, you found that the coach was infested with cockroaches. Write a letter to the editor “The Hindu” drawing the attention of the General Manager of Southern Railways, towards the prevailing unhygienic conditions and asking for remedial action. You are Saroj/Saran, 5/31 Bangalore Cantt., Bangalore.
Answer:
20, Fort Road,
Mumbai

20th April, 20XX

Dear Raj Prakash,
Hope you are good and have adjusted well in the atmosphere of Dubai. How do you find your school? What pattern of examination is followed there? Here, in our schools, CBSE 6. has started a new pattern-CCE (Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation). This system evaluates the performance of the students in scholastic as well as co-scholastic areas. It has reduced the burden of the children and we feel that it will go a long way. It includes formative and summative assessment. With this new system it has become possible for us to learn and do it in a fun-filled way. Learning has become a pleasure as it has taken away the fear of examination. It not only excel us in academics but our holistic development also. We all are enjoying it and it is a positive approach towards learning.
Hope you too are doing fine in your studies. Convey my regards to uncle and aunty.
Yours affectionately,
Nisha/Narain
OR
5/31, Bangalore Cantt.
Bangalore

10th January, 20XX

The Editor,
The Hindu

Subject: Unhygienic conditions in train coaches
Dear Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw attention of the General Manager, Southern Railways towards the unhygienic conditions of train coaches. Recently, when I was travelling from Bangalore city to Vasco in Vasco Express, I noticed that the coach was infested with cockroaches. The sheets and blankets given to the passengers were not properly washed; the food was also stale and uncovered, toilets were unclean, washbasins were dirty due to which, the cockroaches are breeding and the whole place is infested with them. Therefore, immediate remedial actions are required. There should be regular check on the cleanliness of the coaches and the staff members who are given the duty, should also be taken into account. If they are not performing their duties, they should be fined so that the negligence is not repeated. I hope, this will bring a definite change. I shall be grateful if this letter finds a place in your newspaper.
Yours Sincerely,
Saroj/Saran

Question 6.
Write an article in 150-200 words for your school magazine on the topic. “Obesity among School Children.” You are Mohini/Mohit. [10]
OR
You are Ramesh/Ruchika. Write an article in 150-200 words for your school magazine on the topic, “Life without Modem Gadgets”.
Answer:
OBESITY AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN
By Mohini/Mohit
The most common problem found among the children in today’s scenario is the growing problem of obesity. This is the result of present day lifestyle where parents are much responsible for it. Even the tastes of the children have changed a lot and they are moving towards junk food like burgers, pizza, pasta and many more. These are not only harmful for their proper growth but also affect their metabolism. As the children are confined to their rooms playing on laptops, computer games and mobiles, the outdoor activities have come to an end. As a result, more and more children are becoming obese and overweight which is alarming because it causes health problems which results, in social issues. They are likely to be teased by their peers and they tend to become inactive.

Once children become obese it is very difficult to return to the original shape. Apart from this, the risk factors are very high. They are more prone to high blood pressure, weak heart, diabetes, orthopedic disorders, etc. So, the only remedy for this is the awareness about obesity less intake of junk foods, more intake of home-made food, avoiding aerated drinks and getting involved physical activities only then this problem can be overcome.
OR
LIFE WITHOUT MODERN GADGETS
By Ruchika/Ramesh
Science has made life easy, convenient, comfortable, better and more beautiful. Its achievements, discoveries and inventions are wonderful. One we cannot think of our lives without gadgets as we would just be helplen without them. Every device or appliance has a unique purpose. They have revolutionised our life so much that without them we feel handicapped. Beginning from kitchen, gadgets like mixer, microwave oven, refrigerator and water purifier have proved to be a boon. Cell phones are the center of our life, have huge potential, we can listen to our favourite music while travelling and need not carry heavy radios.

Our life starts with the sound of an alarm clock, so we can say that our day begins with gadgets. They work as our personal assistant. In offices, meetings, trainings and all, we are dependent on them. Even at the shops, libraries, railways, banks, airports, a computer is required for booking tickets and keeping accounts. If for a day our internet does not work, we feel paralysed. It feels as if something important is missing from our lives. Thus, these gadgets have left a remarkable impact on our lives and we cannot work or go without them.

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOK) 45

Question 7.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
The stunted, unlucky heir
Of twisted bones, reciting a father’s gnarled disease,
His lesson, from his desk. At the back of the dim class
One unnoted, sweet and young.
(i) Who is this ‘unlucky heir’ and what has he inherited ? [1]
(ii) What is the stunted boy reciting ? [1]
(iii) Who is sitting at the back of the dim class? [1]
OR
Driving from my parents
Home to Cochin last Friday
Morning, I saw my mother, beside me,
Doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that
Of a corpse and realised with pain
That she was as old as she looked …
(i) Where was the poet driving to ? [1]
(ii) Why was her mother’s face looking like that of a corpse ? [1]
(iii) What did the poet notice about her mother ? [1]
Answer:
(i) The boy who has twisted bones and is sitting in the slum classroom is the unlucky heir. He has inherited the gnarled disease of twisted bones from his father.
(ii) The stunted boy is reciting his father’s gnarled disease and his lessons.
(iii) At the back of the dim class, there is an unnoted, sweet and young dreamer sitting, who is dreaming of squirrel’s game.
OR
Answer:
(i) The poet was driving to Cochin from her parents’ home. ‘
(ii) Her mother’s face was looking like a corpse because she was old, weak, pale and lifeless.
(iii) The poet noticed that her mother’s mouth was open and her face looked like that of a corpse.

Question 8.
Answer any three of the following in 30-40 words each: [2 × 3 = 6]
(a) What does Keats consider an endless fountain of immortal drink and why does he call its drink immortal ?
(b) What are the different kinds of wars mentioned in the poem ? What is Neruda’s attitude towards these wars ?
(c) What lies heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband ?
Answer:
(a) Beauty, according to Keats is immortal and is continuous source of motivation and inspiration and things of beauty are like endless fountains pouring from heaven. It is an endless fountain of beautiful things so that man can enjoy happiness and peace.

(b) The poet talks of the chemical wars, war with fire, wars with ammunition, wars with environment and green wars. According to him, these wars are the gate to destruction. Therefore, wars should be avoided, as there will be no survivors to enjoy the victory.

(c) The wedding band and the ring lie heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand. The ring symbolises the weight of her marriage which she has to bear, dead or alive. It reminds her of the pressures of an unhappy and unpleasant marriage.

Question 9.
Answer any three of the following in 30-40 words each: [2 × 3 = 6]
(a) What was the order from Berlin and what changes did it cause in the school?
(b) How did Douglas make sure that he conquered the old terror?
(c) Why was Sophie jealous of Geoff’s silence?
Answer:
(a) There was an order from Berlin that French would not be taught in schools anymore. Instead, German would be taught by a new teacher. That was probably their last French lesson. It was not a Sunday morning yet, there was no noise or activity in the school. The French teacher Mr. Hamel seemed to be calm and he was becoming emotional. He was wearing a special dress and all the villagers were sitting on the back benches of the class. The whole atmosphere of the school was silent and peaceful.

(b) The old terror always returned whenever Douglas was alone in the pool. He covered the length of the pool but when he was not satisfied, he went to Lake Wentworth and swam two miles to overcome his terror. The terror was now gone and he laughed at it.

(c) Sophie was jealous of Geoff’s silence because she wanted him to share everything as she used to do. Geoff was an introvert and spoke very little. She thought that there was something about his life that was unknown to her.

Question 10.
Answer the following in 125-150 words: [10]
Why did Gandhiji agree to a settlement of 25 percent refund to the farmers? How did it influence the peasant-landlord relationship in Champaran?
Answer:
Gandhiji agreed to the settlement of 25 percent because the amount was not important for him but to release the peasants from the indigo raising agreement was much more important. The British planters wanted to prolong the agreement but Gandhiji proved to be wiser. He fought for the poor peasants a long battle for one year and managed to get justice for them. This was a moral victory for them. Even the Britishers had to compromise with their pride and prestige. Peasants now got the courage and became aware of their rights. Their money and time was saved and within few years British planters were forced to give up their estates and these were returned to farmers. They became the owners of their own land. It also ignited the feelings of self dependence and patriotism among the farmers.

Question 11.
Answer the following in 30-40 words : [7]
Give a character-sketch of the Governor of Oxford Prison based on your understanding of the story ‘Evans Tries an O-level’.
Answer:
The Governor of Oxford Prison was a generous man who allowed Evans to appear for the exam. Evans was a criminal and had escaped from jail twice, so the governor took all the possible precautions for the smooth conduct of his examination. The examination had been arranged in the cell itself. The door was locked one day before and the security was made tighter. Everything was checked thoroughly to ensure that there was no way that could help him to escape. This shows that he was very wise and on the other hand, he was so simple that he couldn’t understand the cunningness of Evans.

Question 12.
Answer the following in about 100 words: [5]
There is a saying ‘kindness pays, rudeness never’. In the story ‘The Rattrap’ Edla’s attitude towards men and matters is different from her father’s attitude. How are the values of concern and compassion brought out in the story, ‘The Rattrap’?
Answer:
Edla, the ironman’s daughter was totally different from her father. In the beginning, the iron master seemed to be very sympathetic when he mistook the stranger for one of his old acquaintance. He even sent his daughter to call for him when he did not agree to come to their house. But soon his attitude changed when he came to know the truth that the stranger was someone else. He called him dishonest and threatened to hand him over to the police whereas his daughter was entirely different from her father. She had different ways of looking at things. She was affectionate and considerate. She acted more wisely than her father. She stopped her father from behaving badly towards the stranger. She proved to be a good host and it was her, who brought a change in his behaviour. It was her generosity and sympathy that converted him entirely. These values strengthen our hope in goodness.

Question 13.
Answer the following in 30-40 words : [2 × 4 = 8]
(a) What forced Dr. Sadao to be impatient and irritable with his patient?
(b) Why does Jo insist that her father should tell her the story with a different ending?
(c) If you were to give a different ending to the story ‘On the face of it’ how would you end it?
(d) What were the articles in the stalls and shops that fascinated Bama on her way back from school?
Answer:
(a) When Dr. Sadao saw the difficulties faced by his wife in the absence of maids and servants due to the presence of an enemy in his house, he felt impatient and irritable with him. Besides when this secret was out that he was sheltering an enemy, he feared of getting into serious trouble. It caused a great deal of tension to him.

(b) Jo insists that her father should tell her the story with a different ending because she wants that other animals should play with Roger Skunk and for that he must smell like roses. According to her, the mother is wrong as she made him smell foul again and the wizard should hit his mother for that. In fact, she wants to assert her views on her father.

(c) If I were given a chance to end the story, surely it would be a happy ending. Mr. Lamb would have died and Derry along with him would have started a new life. They would have been living happily in each other’s company.

(d) It was a daily routine of the writer to walk back home from school, which was a ten minutes walk. But, it always took her thirty minutes to reach home as the stalls and shops on the way fascinated here a lot. These stalls and shops were of sweets, dried fish, fried snacks, etc.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20 for Class X | Exam Dates, Eligibility and Application

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NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20: U.T. Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UTADNH) will release a notification for the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20. NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli will be conducted on 4th November 2019. The application process will start on July 2019. Class 10th students can apply for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli till the last week of August 2019. NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli admit card will be released online in the third week of October 2019. Only the qualified candidates of NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli will be invited to appear for the stage 2 exam conducted by NCERT. NTSE Exam is conducted by NCERT.

Finally, NCERT provides scholarships to the shortlisted ones to help them economically up to their higher studies. Students should read the article below to get information about NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20. Information including exam dates, eligibility, the application process, and answer key, etc.

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Exam Dates

EventsDates
Start Date of ApplicationJuly 2019
Last Date of ApplicationLast Week of August 2019
Admit Card for Stage 1The 3rd week of October 2019
NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1November 4, 2019
NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Answer KeyNovember 2019
NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Result and Cut-off ScoresApril 2020
NTSE Admit Card for Stage 2May 2020
NTSE Stage 2June 2020
NTSE Stage 2 ResultSeptember 2020

State-level National Talent Search Exam

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Eligibility Criteria

Refer to the below eligibility conditions to appear for the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20.

  • Students studying in Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kendriya Vidyalaya or any Dadra and Nagar Haveli Board affiliated schools.
  • Class 10th regular students of Dadra and Nagar Haveli who are studying in the academic year of 2019-20.
  • General category students who have obtained at least 60% marks in Class 9th.
  • Reserved category students who have obtained at least 55% marks in Class 9th.
  • The age limit must be less than 18 years as on 1st July 2019 to apply for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
  • Students who are employed in any job or getting a scholarship from any other source are not eligible.
  • Open School and Distance Learning (ODL) students below 18 years of age are also eligible.
  • NMMS scholarship holders are also eligible to apply for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Application Process

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli application form can be collected from the school authorities or the state liaison officer in July 2019. The last date for applying to NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1 is the last week of August 2019. Students must refer to the below-mentioned information to apply for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20.

  • Make sure to fill correct and valid information in NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli application.
  • Any misperception in the application may lead to the cancellation of the form by the Directorate of Education.
  • Passport size photo with a signature and copies of 9th class mark sheets should be attached in the form.
  • The copies of Caste Certificates and Disability Certificates should be submitted if required.
  • Make sure to attest the application from the respective school Principal before submission.
  • Submit the filled application along with the fee to the respective school Principal.
  • From your school, the application will be forwarded to the state liaison’s officer for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1.
  • Open School and Distance Learning students could submit the application directly to the state liaison officer.

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Application Fee

Applicants have to pay the application fee along with the form to appear for the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Refer the table below to know the application fee for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20.

CategoryApplication Fee
GeneralRs. 100/-
SC/ST/PHRs. 70/-

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Admit Card

  • NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli admit card will be released by the Directorate of Education in the third week of October 2019.
  • Admit card can be collected from the respective schools some days before the exam.
  • Students can find their name, roll number, date, time and exam center address in the admit card.
  • Students must not bring Mobile Phones, Calculators or any electronic instruments to the exam hall.
  • Students must bring the admit card to sit in the examination hall without any hurdle.

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Exam Pattern

Students must remember the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli exam pattern while preparing for the exam. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli contains two sections i.e, the Mental Ability Test (MAT) and Scholastic Ability Test (SAT). The exam will be held in English, Hindi, and Marathi using pen and paper. Refer to the table below to know the exam pattern for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1.

SectionsNumber of questionsDuration
Mental Ability Test (MAT)100120 minutes
Scholastic Ability Test (SAT)100120 minutes
  • Each right answer carries 1 mark whereas no negative marking for the wrong answers.
  • MAT questions are based on thinking abilities, verbal and non-verbal reasoning skills.
  • SAT questions are prepared based on each subject of the class 9th and 10th syllabus.
  • Both MAT and SAT contain 200 questions with a duration of 240 minutes.
  • NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli question pattern is equivalent to the syllabus of the class 9th and 10th.

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Answer Key

The official answer keys will not be released by U.T. Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Some coaching institutions will release the answer keys after some days of the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli exam. So, candidates can check their answer keys to estimate the scores from the websites of coaching institutions. The following points are given to know the detailed information about the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli answer key:

  1. The answer keys enable the candidates to find the correct answer to each question asked in MAT and SAT.
  2. The answer keys also enable the candidates to determine their performance in NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
  3. The correct marking approach should be followed while checking the answer keys.
  4. The answer keys help the candidates to compare the answers with the correct ones and determine the status of eligibility for NTSE Stage2.
  5. Remember the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli exam pattern and cut-off scores while comparing the answers.

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Exam Result

The result will be declared in offline mode by U.T. Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in April 2020. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli result will be released in the form of merit list. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli final merit list will be declared along with the cutoff. The merit list of NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli shortlisted candidates will be declared for the NTSE stage 2 to be held on June 2020. Refer to below points which contain information about the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli exam results:

  • Students can visit their respective schools to get the result information.
  • The school authorities are responsible to announce the result of the students.
  • In result, students can check their name, roll number, and marks obtained in each paper.
  • Students can keep a printed copy of the result sheet for future reference.

Details Mentioned on NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Exam Result

Students can check the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli result in the respective schools. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli result sheet contains the below information.

  • Students Name, Roll Number and Rank
  • Students School Address, Gender, Category, Disability Status and Date of Birth
  • Students Marks obtained in MAT, SAT and Total Marks

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1 Cut-Off

Cut-off means the minimum score a candidate required to be eligible for the NTSE stage 2. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli cut-off will be declared along with the result by the Directorate of Education. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli cut-off will be released on April 2020. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli cut-off depends on various factors as given below:

  • Total number of candidates registered in the exam
  • Maximum marks obtained by the candidate
  • Lowest marks obtained by the candidate in the exam
  • The exam difficulty level
  • Previous year’s cut-off

The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli cut-off is different for different categories. The following table shows the qualifying percentage for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli category candidates

PapersGeneral CategoryReserved Categories (ST, SC, and PH)
MAT40%32%
SAT40%32%

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Reservation Criteria

Total 20 scholarships are reserved for Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory. Based on the below reservation percentages students will be selected by the Directorate of Education.

CategoriesReservation Criteria
SC15%
ST7.5%
OBC27%
PH4%

NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1 Syllabus

The education board has not specified any syllabus for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli. However, candidates can practice the questions from Dadra and Nagar Haveli class 9th and 10th board syllabus. Refer to the table below to know the important topics for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

PapersSubjectsSyllabus
SATMathsTriangle and Trigonometry, Basic Geometry, Coordinate Geometry, Roots, Linear Equation, Quadratic Equation, Arithmetic Progression, Algebraic Expression, Surface Area and Volume, Probability and Statistics, etc.
ScienceAir, Carbon and its Components, Motion and Force, Food Production and Management, Source of Energy, Acid, Bases and Salt, Human Body, Fibers and Plastics, Magnetism and Electricity, etc.
Social SciencesDemocracy and Elections, Buddhism, Jainism, Science and Literature, Culture, Indian Constitution, New Empires and Kingdoms, Natural Vegetation and Solar System, The Mughal Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Revolt of 1857, National Movement, Atmosphere, The Judiciary, Map and Globe, Map and Globes, Motion of the Earth, Democracy, State Government, UN and Other International Agencies, Union Government, etc.
MATVerbal & Non-Verbal ReasoningAnalytic Reasoning, Alphabet Test, Coding-Decoding, Arithmetical Reasoning, Word Problems, Logical Venn Diagrams, Time and Clock, Mirror and Water Images, Blood Relations, Classification, Analogy, Folding/Cutting Paper, Logical Diagram, Mathematical Operations, Series, etc.

NTSE Scholarship Amount

Dadra and Nagar Haveli students who qualified in NTSE Stage 2 will get the below scholarship amount from NCERT every month.

Education LevelScholarship Amount
Class XI to XIIRs. 1250/-
UndergraduateRs. 2000/-
PostgraduateRs. 2000/-
PhDAccording to the UGC norms

FAQ’s on NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019

Question 1.
How do I check my NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli result?

Answer:
The result will be declared in offline mode by U.T. Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in April 2020. The NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli result will be released in the form of merit list. So, students can check the result by searching their names in the merit list.

Question 2.
Is the answer keys helpful for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli students?

Answer:
Yes, the answer keys are helpful for the NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli students. Using the answer keys students can estimate their probable scores and determine the eligibility status for NTSE stage 2.

Question 3.
What is the marking strategy of NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli?

Answer:
NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli consists of two sections i.e, MAT and SAT. MAT and SAT contain a total of 200 questions with a duration of 240 minutes. No negative marking for wrong answers whereas 1 mark will be assigned to each right answer.

Question 4.
What is the reservation criteria in NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019?

Answer:
Total 20 scholarships are reserved for Dadra and Nagar Haveli Union Territory. Directorate of Education will select the candidates based on the reservation percentages. These are 15% for SC, 7.5% for ST, 27% for OBC and 4% for PH.

Question 5.
What will be the release date of NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli application form?

Answer:
NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli application form can be collected from the school authorities or the state liaison officer in July 2019. The last date for applying to NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli Stage 1 is the last week of August 2019.

Question 6.
How much application fee will be paid for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli?

Answer: 
General category students have to pay the application fee of Rs. 100/-. Whereas reserved category students have to pay the application fee of Rs. 70/-.

Question 7.
How can I prepare for NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli?

Answer:
NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli does not have any specific syllabus. However, candidates must prepare well from the various topics on the subjects of Dadra and Nagar Haveli class 9th and 10th board syllabus. Also, students can prepare from the sample papers which are the previous year’s solved question papers. This helps the students to know the exam pattern and practice to solve different types of questions within a stipulated time.

Hope this article will help you to get information about NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20. In case you have any queries, leave it in the comment box to get in touch with us.

The post NTSE Dadra and Nagar Haveli 2019-20 for Class X | Exam Dates, Eligibility and Application appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions
  • very carefully and follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Delhi Set – I

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous

Section -B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
An Inter-school Kabadi Competition is organized by your school. Write a notice, in not more than 50 words, requesting the students to be present at the venue to encourage the players. Invent all the necessary details. You are Arjun, the sports captain of your school. [5]
OR
You possess an acre of land in the heart of the city. You want to dispose of the property since you have decided to buy a flat. Write an advertisement to be published in a national daily, giving all the necessary details. You are Krishan of Moti Nagar, Delhi.
Answer:

ABC SCHOOL, DELHI
NOTICE

13th February, 20XX

INTER-SCHOOL, KABADDI
COMPETITION

Inter-school Kabaddi Competition will be held at our playground on Friday, February 20, at 9 a.m. Students from different schools will be participating in the competition.
All the students are requested to be present at the venue to motivate the participants. Refreshment will be provided by the school. Contact the undersigned for any query.
Arjun
(Sports Captain)
ABC School

OR

FOR SALE

Sale of 1-acre plot located in the heart of the city besides 100 ft. road with lush green surroundings suitable for building residential flats. Location adjacent to posh Friends colony and free from encumbrance. Interested parties can meet in person or can contact.
Kishan
Moti Nagar, Delhi                                                                                             9342XXXXXX

Question 4.
Incessant rain has caused irrecoverable damage in your area. As an active participant in the flood relief programme, write a report in 125¬150 words on the different flood relief measures carried out. You are Krishan/Krishna. [10]
OR
You have visited a book exhibition in your neighbourhood. Write a report in about 125¬150 words on the exhibition. You are Rohan/ Rohini.
Answer:
FLOOD RELIEF PROGRAMME
By Krishnan/Krishn Staff reporter
Xyz, 13th June, 20XX, The torrential rain in the past few days flooded our area causing irrecoverable damage to the properties. A relief camp was set up to aid the victims of the flood-affected areas. Everyone made generous contributions in the form of money, clothes, food and other basic requirements. Relief-treaties also emerged as helpful groups. The Chief Minister too announced a definite amount of relief for the victims affected. The devastating effect of the over-powering rain, played havoc with the city. The volunteers also helped the victims to be shifted to the relief camps, set up on the suburbs of the city. A huge amount of donations has come from the people of the city along with various N.G.O.s
OR
BOOK EXHIBITION
By Rohan/Rohani
13th June, 20XX, The Surya Nagar residents organised a book exhibition in the community centre of the locality. The exhibition started on June 10th and lasted for five days. The event attracted book lovers from all over Delhi. Renowned publishing houses participated in the fair. Books by well-known writers were displayed. The exhibition also offered heavy discounts on the books written by Indian authors. Apart from Hindi novels there were multifarious writers and bards dictions available like Shakespeare, Milton and John Keats. People were excited to get access to some of the rare books that were on display. The event was marked by the presence of the renowned writer and novelist Chetan Bhagat.

Question 5.
You are the librarian of Amla Public School. You had placed an order for text books with Dhanpati & Sons. Since the books did not arrive on time, you have decided to cancel the order. Write a letter to the Manager, Dhanpati & Sons, Chennai, cancelling the order. (125-150 words) [10]
OR
You are interested in doing a short-term course in computer graphics during your holidays. Write a letter to the Director, Easy Computers, enquiring about their, short-term courses and asking for all the necessary details. You are Naresh/Nandini.
Answer:
Amla Public School,
New Delhi-110018

13 June, 20XX

The Manager,
Dhanpati & Sons,
Chennai

Subject: Regarding cancellation of order number 43/20XX
Sir,
With reference to the order number 43/20XX placed with your publishing house on May 31st, 20XX, I would like to inform you that we have not received the delivery of 12 sets of Encyclopedia from you as promised by your company on June 10, 20XX. A cheque of five thousand was duly sent to you enclosed with the order. Since your company has failed to keep its commitment, therefore, we are cancelling the order. Kindly reimburse the money to the school account at the earliest.

Thanking you

Yours sincerely,
Librarian
Amla Public School
OR
23, Defence Colony,
New Delhi-110022

3rd March, 20XX

The Director,
Easy Computers,
New Delhi-110032

Subject: Request for details of the short-term courses provided
Dear Sir,
I came across an advertisement about your institute in today’s newspaper. I would like to know the details of the short-term courses offered by your institute.
I am a student and I wish to pursue a course in computer programming/computer graphics during my holidays next month. Kindly mail me the details of all short-term courses, along with their duration, fee structure and the relevance of the course material. I would be thankful if you can dispatch the prospectus of the course too. Looking forward to your early response.
Yours faithfully,
Nandini/Naresh

Question 6.
You are Rajendra Kumar, a social worker, You read an article in The Hindu on ‘Health care for Indian Workers’. Write a speech in 125¬150 words on the importance of health care to be delivered at a public function to create awareness among the workers. [10]
OR
Media has a strong hold on society. Write a speech in 125-150 words on how media influences public opinon to be delivered in the school assembly.
Answer:
HEALTH CARE FOR INDIAN WORKERS
Good morning to all. Today I, Rajendra Kumar, am going to deliver a speech on the topic ‘Health care for Indian workers’ Recently, I had read an article in the local newspaper The Hindu and wondered why we don’t care for the health of the workers around us. We remain mute spectators to their misery trials and tribulations of life.

Often, the workers are found working in inhuman conditions, neglecting their health. They are exploited, as they are illiterate and lacking awareness of a hygienic way of life. The authorities must ensure clean and healthy working conditions for these people. It is the responsibility of the government to provide affordable healthcare services to workers and their families. Indian workers should be taught the importance of cleanliness and hygiene. Many non-governmental organizations can play a role in spreading awareness about health and hygiene.

Workers play a major role in our life. We must understand and appreciate their contribution towards society. Access to basic health facilities is their innate right. As responsible citizens, we should get together to make their lives healthy. However, we should not forget that it is the sweat and blood of these workers which has provided us with enormous comfort while we sit in our well-furnished homes.
Thank you
OR
IMPACT OF MEDIA
Good morning everybody. Today, I Xyz am here to voice my concerns on how Media influences public opinion?
Media acts as a powerful weapon in democracy. It keeps people abreast with the recent changes and development in the society and the world. They also help people to understand the various developments and build their opinion about the same. With the development of better modes of communications, the influence of media has increased. Consequently, its responsibility of delivering correct information has also increased. If people blindly believe the biased news which the print and electronic media tell us, our democracy will suffer badly. Media has the power to showcase both the facets of a piece of information. It should work towards helping the common man and understand the pros and cons of any issue or event.

Thus, one can clearly say that it is the responsibility of media and the media personnel to ensure that they direct their efforts towards building a constructive and balanced society as well as a nation.
Thank you

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOKS)

Question 7.
Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow: [4]
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink.
Pouring onto us from the heaven’s brink.
(a) Name the poem and the poet. [1]
(b) What is the thing of beauty mentioned in these lines? [1]
(c) What image does the poet use in these lines? [2]
OR
With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal.
For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes
From fog to endless night?
(i) Who are ‘them’ referred to in the first line? [1]
(ii) What tempts them? [1]
(iii) What does the poet say about ‘their’ lives? [2]
Answer:
(a) The above given lines are from the poem ‘A thing of Beauty’ by John Keats.
(b) The tales of mighty men is the thing of beauty mentioned in the given lines.
(c) The poet used the image of ‘an endless fountain of immortal drink’ to describe the beautiful bounty of the Earth. The Earth, like a fountain, gives us numerous beautiful sights like the sun, the moon, flowers, rivers and greenery.
OR
(a) The children studying in the school are referred to as “them”.
(b) The beauty, vastness and radiance of things tempt them.
(c) According to the poet, those children spent their whole lives like rodents confined in ‘their cramped holes’. The undernourished bodies of those children looked almost like skeletons. Their steel-framed spectacles with repaired glasses made them look like, the broken pieces of a bottle scattered on stones. Since, their entire lives revolved around slums, their future also seemed blotted.

Question 8.
Answer any two of the following questions in about 30-40 words : [2 × 2 = 4]
(a) How does Kamala Das try to put away the thoughts of her ageing mother?
(b) Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’?
(c) What are the difficulties that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life?
Answer:
(a) Kamala Das is troubled by the thoughts of her ageing mother and tries to console herself by looking outside at the car. The sight is full of youthful whim and vigour. She watches the trees ‘sprinting’ past her speeding car and the children, full of life and activity, running out of their houses to play. Her ashen like mother irks her so much that for a moment she ponders over the past memories to feel solace.

(b) The exotic moment the author talks about is when everyone keeps quiet and still. The moment would be extraordinarily tranquil, with no hustle-bustle of the frenzied world. Although, it may seem a little strange in the beginning, it would eventually bring us all together. Ultimately, this is the introspection which makes one united with one’s soul.

(c) Aunt Jennifer spent her life in accordance to the rules laid down by her husband. Her life was overburdened by the demands and duties and it lacked self-expression. She was feeble and it had to face oppression by her husband which depicted the age-old tribulations of women’s lives.

Question 11.
Answer any six of the following questions in 30-40 words : [2 × 6 = 12]
(a) Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to the court was useless?
(b) Why did the peddler derive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rat trap?
(c) How is Mukesh different from the other bangle makers of Firozabad?
(d) What tempted Franz to stay away from school?
(e) Why did the Maharaja ban tiger hunting in the state?
(f) How was the skunk’s story different from the other stories narrated by Jack?
(g) Which words of her brother made a deep impression on Bama?
Answer:
(a) Gandhiji believed that the. peasants were under the grip of fear. He felt that taking the Champaran’s case to the court would be useless because actual relief for the peasants would come when they would be free from fear. So, his ultimate motive was to kill the fear in them.

(b) The peddler was never treated kindly by the world, which is why he was amused by the idea of the world to be a rat trap. He nurtured hard feelings towards the world by comparing it to a giant rat trap.

(c) Mukesh who hailed from the city of Dhaka was different from other bangle makers of Firozabad because he liked to dream, unlike others who followed the family lineage of making bangles. He wanted to be a motor mechanic and drive cars.

(d) Franz was not prepared for test on participles. The chirping birds and sight of the Prussian soldiers were far more interesting to him than his attending the school. That is why he stayed out of the doors of the school to bask in the nature’s glory.

(e) The Maharaja wanted to prove that the prediction of the State astrologer was wrong. For that purpose, he restricted the hunting of tigers in all the tiger-rich forests of Pratibandapuram, so that he could hunt them down.

(f) Usually, the stories told by Jack were taken well by But she was not satisfied and convinced with the ending of the skunk’s Story. She believed that the wizard should have hit back the skunk’s mommy for demanding skunk to get his bad smell back.

(g) On narrating what happened while returning home, Bama’s elder brother told her, that although, people did not get to decide the family they were born into, they could outwit the indignities inflicted upon them if they were well read and successful. It was by educating themselves that they could attain a feeling of individuality that left a deep impression on her.

Question 10.
Answer the following in about 100-125 words. [5]
Has Sophie met Danny Casey? What details of her meeting with Danny Casey did she narrate to her brother?
OR
Describe the precautions taken by the prison officers to prevent Evans from escaping.
Answer:
No, Sophie had not met Danny Casey in reality. One day, while drawing Geoff’s attention, Sophie narrated an imaginary story about accidentally meeting Danny Casey at the Royce’s. Geoff, however, refused to believe her. So, she describes Danny Casey’s physical appearance to make her brother believe her story. She told Geoff that she was also willing to get an autograph for little Derek, but she did not have a pen or a paper for the same. Then, Sophie claimed that the two of them talked about clothes at Royce’s. She ended her story by saying that Danny has promised to meet her again.
OR
Special precautions were taken by the prison staff to prevent Evan from escaping during his O-level German test. The test was to be taken where he was kept. A person from St. Mary Mags was called to invigilate and to keep the prisoner incommunicado during the exam. Evans was kept in the heavily guarded Recreational Block. There were two locked doors between his cell and the yard, which boasted of a high wall. All the prison officers were also on high alert. The Governor got a microphone installed in Evans’ cell, while Stephens kept, an eagle eye on Evans. Two prison officers, Mr. Jackson and Mr. Stephens, thoroughly checked his cell for any sign of a possible escape. Even his razor, nail filer and male scissors were taken away.

Question 11.
Read the following and answer the question that follows: [5]
The story “Deep Waters” has made you realise that with determination and perseverance one can accomplish the impossible. Write a paragraph in about 100 words words on how a positive attitude and courage will aid you to achieve success in life.
Answer:
In the story “Deep waters”, the author overcomes his childhood fear of water through determination, perseverance and hard work. Thus, the story sends the message that with positive attitude and strength of will, one can accomplish everything in life. All of us are in the grip of fear. But fear, when conquered with courage, becomes victory which has its own charm. It might appear to be a long and arduous journey, but it will definitely culminate in success. Douglas improved himself and was able to develop into a full-fledged swimmer. It gave him a feeling of victory and achievement in the end.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Delhi Set – II

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are Smrithi Saran of Victoria Public School, Hyderabad.Your school has organised a Science Exhibition in connection with the death anniversary of Ramanujam. Write a notice in not more than 50 words inviting students to participate in it. Provide all the necessary details. [5]
OR
You want to sell off your motor bike which you have been using for five years, as you have decided to buy a car. Write an advertisement, in not more than 50 words, to be published under the classified columns of a national daily. Furnish all the necessary details.
Answer:

VICTORIA PUBLIC SCHOOL, HYDERABAD
NOTICE

15th June, 20XX

SCIENCE EXHBITION

A Science Exhibition is being organised by our school on June 18, 20XX in the school hall from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. in order to commemorate the death anniversary of Ramanujam. Students from classes IX to XII are requested to prepare models on the theme ‘India’s foray into space research.’ Interested students should give their names to the undersigned by 16th June, 20XX.
Smrithi Saran
Head girl

OR

FOR SALE

Availabe for sale a black coloured, 2010 model XYZ motor bike, in a good condition, scratch-less, giving a-mileage of 50 km/L. It has hardly run 9000 km. Price negotiable. The Party is selling the motorcycle as it is buying a car.
Contact: 9123456XXX

Question 4.
You are Sampreet, an educationist. You have noticed that the youth of today are often unable to cope with stress and become frustrated and bitter. Write a speech in 125-150 words to be delivered at a college function on ‘Youth, their problems and solutions’. [10]
OR
After Independence, India has seen a steep upward trend in the graph of corruption. The public has often become disgusted and disappointed. As Venkat, a well-known journalist, write a speech in 150-200 words on ‘Corruption, its causes and solutions’.
Answer:
YOUTH, THEIR PROBLEMS, AND SOLUTIONS
Good Morning! I am Sampreet an educationist and today I am going to deliver a speech on the topic youth their problems and solution Aspirations are now high and with this the level of competition and peer pressure among the youth has been increasing with each passing day. The youth is either not yet matured or trained enough to handle so much stress and, therefore, they ultimately get frustrated, easily commit suicide get involve in, road-rage, hatred crimes, drug abuse, looting, rapes etc. At the slightest provocation, they hold out protests and demonstrations. The minimum desired level of tolerance is missing in them. They don’t see any harm in violating the norms and fundamental rights.

The solution is a doddle one. The youth of today needs our untinted support, it needs to know that, irrespective of the situations they are in they are always loved by their parents, teachers and elders. They need to develop confidence in their capabilities. We need to remove the unnecessary pressure that our education system exerts on the young minds. It needs to be eased and, CCE is a positive step in this direction. Counsellors can help the young generation to understand and solve their problems. More job opportunities need to be created, better recruitment processes are need to be developed, and professional courses that equip them with necessary skills have to be designed.

The most important thing is to impart value-based education so that they achiveve high self-esteem, tolerance and patience and more importantly the zeal to create a clean and civilised society and to be a good citizen.
OR
CORRUPTION, ITS CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS
Good morning, friends! I am Venkat. As a journalist and a responsible citizen of India, it is my duty to shed light and apprise you, that how corruption exists in almost every nook and comer of our country.

Corruption can be understood as misappropriation of government, public property or money. It is an unlawful and immoral act. Corruption has had a gradual growth in our country. How and why did corruption become so common in our country? India’s colonial past has contributed in flourishing corrupt practices. It is said that corruption cannot survive long in this world. Although, with the increase in scientific technology and advancement of the nation, corruption still remains unbeatable. The corruption also has a relation with scarcity and exists especially because of the vested interests and greed of the people in power.

It is the spasmodic snare of corruption which springs from all prodigality and dissipation. Whatever the reason may be, corruption is an ill practice that is seen as the major hindrance in the process of economic growth and modernization of the nation. The need for an anti-corruption bill like Jan Lokpal has long been discerned now. But, in a democracy like India, the power of the common man should not be underestimated. Constant vigil and intervention by the civil society is also required to bring positive changes in the country. Punishment must be increased and illegally confiscated wealth must be recovered. As aware citizens and of course as in united whole, we must overcome our flaws and work towards bringing about a corruption free society.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Delhi Set – III

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 1.
You are Anoop/Arya, the cultural secretary of your school. As part of national heritage programme the school has decided to put up a show on ancient art forms. Write a notice to be put up on the school notice board inviting students to watch the show and encourage the artists. Write the notice in not more that 50 words. [5]
OR
You would like to let out a portion of your independent house for office use. Write an 4 advertisement for the classified coloumns of the * local newspaper giving all the necessary details. Write the advertisement in not more than 50 words.
Answer:

ABC School
NOTICE

14th November, 20XX

SHOW ON ANCIENT ART FORMS

As a part of the national heritage programme, the school has decided to put up a show on ancient art forms on 20th November, 20XX at 12 O’Clock in the school auditorium.
All the students are invited to watch the show and encourage artists. For any queries, you may contact the undersigned.
Arya/Anoop
The School Cultural Secretary

OR

AVAILABLE OFFICE SPACE

For rent, good location, separate entrance and exit. Spacious, 24 hour water and electricity supply, parking facility, security and power backup.
Interested may Contact Mobile: 8XXXXXXXXXABC School

Question 4.
On Teacher’s day, the badge holders of your school organized a grand celebration to honour the teachers of your school. As the head boy of the school, write a report on the celebration in 125-150 words. [10]
OR
As you were travelling by train, you happened to witness an accident at an unmanned level crossing. As the reporter of a newspaper, write a report on the accident, including details of the number of people injured and the extent of damage caused.
Answer:
TEACHER’S DAY CELEBRATIONS
By Xyz Head boy
On the occasion of the birth anniversary of our former president, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the badge holders of our school had organised a grand celebration on 5th September to honour the teachers of our school, the celebration took place in the assembly hall. It began at around 9:30 a.m. In the morning, senior students greeted the teachers warmly in a traditional way by putting tilak on their forehead and giving them flowers. The senior students were dressed up as and played their role teachers. They counted on the teacher’s efforts by praising them. After honouring all the teachers, the students performed activities like dance, drama, singing and speech. They also organised few games like musical chair, dodge ball, balloon game, etc. to make the day memorable. Teachers were made to dance and sing. In the end, teachers were provided a lavish lunch by the seniors. It was indeed a great celebration.
OR
ACCIDENT AT AN UNMANNED LEVEL
CROSSING
By Xyz
A horrible sight of a train accident was witnessed at an unmanned level crossing at Udaipur, near Chittor. A bus was carrying nearly 45 people, happened to cross the railway track when suddenly the train arrived. It happened to collide with one of the bogies of the train and overturned badly. 23 people were seriously injured and they were immediately taken to a nearby hospital by the locals. The bogie was also derailed. The extent of damage caused is not yet estimated. Due to this accident, the train got delayed and the schedule of the other trains of that route was also disturbed. It resulted into a lot of inconvenience to the passengers. Government has set up an enquiry to probe into the matter. A sum of ₹ 50,000 was announced for all those injured.

Question 5.
You are the Physical Education Instructor of ‘All Saints School’. You had placed an order for sports goods with Bat and Ball Enterprises. When the items arrived you found that some of them were defective. Write a letter to the Manager, Bat and Ball Enterprises, asking him to replace the defective items. [10]
OR
You live in a crowded area in Mumbai. Unauthorized parking of vehicles in your area is causing a lot of inconvenience to the locals. Write a letter to the Police Commissioner of the district complaining against the practice. You are Rohan/Rohini of Sakinaka, Mumbai.
Answer:
All Saints School,
New Delhi

18th December, 20XX

The Manager,
Bat and Ball Enterprises,

Subject: Replacement of the defective sports items
Sir,
This is to bring to your kind notice that one month ago, our school placed an order for the following sports items:
5 Bats, 10 Balls, 3 Footballs, 3 Basketballs, 5 Badminton Racquets.
On the arrival of the goods, it was found that some of them were defective. The handle of the bats were cracked, the net of one of the badminton racquet was loose and the stitching of the football was not properly done. Therefore, I request you to replace the defective items as soon as possible as the sports week of the school is approaching and the children are required to do the practice. I would be obliged if you kindly understand my problem and arrange for the early delivery.

Thanking You,
Yours Sincerely,
Xyz Sharma
Physical Education Instructor
OR
123, Sakinaka,
Mumbai.

24th August, 20XX

District Police Commissioner,
Mumbai.

Subject: Unauthorized Parking of Vehicles
Dear Sir,
This is to draw your attention towards the problems faced due to unauthorized parking of the vehicles in our area. There is not a single day in our area when the place is without disorder or free from traffic jams. As it is a crowded place, there is inadequate parking space. It creates problems not only to the residents but also to the people who come to meet their relatives or for some other purpose. As it is a busy area, vehicles are parked all over in a haphazard manner. It often results in quarrel among the people who display the lack of civic sense in them also creating noise pollution. It is therefore necessary to take some quick actions and provide the proper parking area to the residents as well as do some arrangements for the visitors too.
We all hope for an immediate action to get relief from this problem.

Thanking You,
Yours Sincerely,
Rohini/Rohan

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOK)

Question 10.
What were Sophie’s plan for her future? Why would you call her dreams unrealistic? (100-125 words) [5]
OR
What benefits did Derry reap from his association with Mr. Lamb?
Answer:
Sophie was a daydreamer although she belonged to a middle-class family. She was blind to the bitter truth of life. She dreamt of an imaginary life, in which she owned a boutique full of beautiful things. She also dream of becoming an actress as there was a lot of money and fame in the profession. She also wanted to be a fashion designer. It can be said that she wanted to lead a lavish and grand life which was not possible. Her dreams were unrealistic in the sense that ultimately she would have to work in a biscuit factory. She only thought of impractical things. The house in which she lived was also not a very good one and her father used to work hard to earn bread for the family. They entertained themselves by watching the United team’s matches. That’s how she wanted to achieve the impossible dream.
OR
Derry had no association with the outer world till he met Mr. Lamb. His meeting with Mr. Lamb was a turning point in his life. He learned to live a respectful life and also appreciated Mr. Lamb’s attitude and outlook towards people and life. He realized his true worth. Mr. Lamb inspired him to face the world in spite of his disability. Derry’s thinking towards people and life completely changed and he became self-confident. Mr. Lamb successfully infused in him courage and self-determination. He advised him to ignore the comments made by people on his physical impairment and enjoy beauty of life and nature. Derry went back to Mr. Lamb’s garden in spite of his mother’s refusal., Derry understood the importance and true meaning of life and understanding himself better than before. Only due to the association with Mr. Lamb.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

The post CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Delhi appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections : A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and-follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

** Answer is not given due to change in present syllabus

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Delhi SET I

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – A

(READING)

Question 1.
Read the passage given below : [20]

1. All of the Earth’s ocean share one thing in common: plastic pollution. Discarded plastic bags, cups, and bottles make their way into the sea. Today, it seems that no part of the ocean is safe from plastic trash. In recent years, oceanographers have searched in vain for a pristine marine environment. They have found plastic everywhere they have looked. “It is a common global problem, we can’t point to a single habitat or location with no plastic.”

2. Plastic harms wildlife and introduces dangerous chemicals into marine ecosystems—
communities of organisms interacting with their surroundings. Once plastic enters the environment, it lasts a long time. Scientists are working to prevent plastic pollution from entering the sea.

3. When people litter, or when trash is not properly disposed of, things like plastic bags, bottles, straws, foam beverage cups get carried to the sea by winds and waterways. About 80 percent of ocean plastic originates on land. The rest comes from marine industries such as shipping and fishing.

4. In 2015, engineer Jenna Jambeck at the University of Georgia and other researchers calculated that at least 8 million tons of plastic trash is swept into the ocean from coasts every year. That’s the equivalent of a full garbage truck of plastic being dumped into the sea every minute. If current trends in plastic production and disposal continue, that figure will double by 2025. A report published by the World Economic Forum last year predicts that by 2050, ocean plastic will outweigh all the fish in the sea.

5. In today’s world, plastic is everywhere. It’s found in shoes, clothing, household items, electronics and more. There are different types of plastics, but one thing they all have in common is that is that they’re made of polymers – large molecules made up of repeating units. Their chemical structure gives them a lot of advantages: they’re cheap and easy to manufacture, lightweight, water-resistant, durable, and can be moulded into nearly any shape.

6. Unfortunately, some of the properties that make plastics great for consumer goods also make them a problem pollutant. Plastic’s durability comes in part from the fact that unlike paper or wood, it does’t biodegrade, or beak down naturally. Instead it just fragments, or breaks into tiny pieces over time. These tiny pieces, known a microplastic, can potentially stick around for hundreds or perhaps even thousands of years.

7. Another problem with plastics is the other chemicals they contain, like dyes and flame retardants. When plastic isn’t disposed of properly, these additives end up in the environment. Plastic also tends to absorb harmful chemicals from its surroundings. “It’s like a sponge for persistent organic pollutants.” These long-lasting, toxic substances include pesticides and industrial chemicals. If plastic absorbs the chemicals, and marine organisms eat the plastic, they may be exposed to higher concentrations of these contaminants.

8. One of the biggest impacts of plastic pollution is its effects on sea life. Seals, sea turtles, and even whales can become entangled in plastic netting. They can starve to death if the plastic restricts their ability to move or eat. Or the plastic can cut into the animals’ skin, causing wounds that develop severe infections.

9. Sea turtles eat plastic bags and soda-can rings, which resemble jellyfish, their favourite food. Seabirds eat bottle caps or chunks of foam cups. Plastic pieces may make an animal feel full, so it doesn’t eat enough real food to get the nutrients it needs. Plastic can also block an animal’s digestive system, making it unable to eat.

10. Plastic and its associated pollutant can even make it into our food supply. Scientists recently examined fish and shell-fish bought at markets in California and Indonesia. They found plastic in the guts of more than a quarter of samples purchased at both locations. In organisms that people eat whole, such as sardines and oysters, that ‘means we’re eating plastic too. In larger fish, chemicals from plastic may seep into their muscles and other tissues that people consume.

11. One way to keep the ocean cleaner and healthier is through cleanup efforts. A lot of plastic waste caught in ocean currents eventually washes up on beaches. Removing it can prevent it from blowing out to sea again. Beach clean-up is ocean clean-up.

12. Cleanup efforts can’t reach every corner of the ocean or track down every bit of microplastic. That means it’s critical to cut down on the amount of plastic that reaches the sea in the first place. Scientists are working towards new materials that are safer for the environment. For example, Jambeck and her colleagues are currently testing a new polymer that breaks down more easily in seawater.

13. “Individual actions make a big difference,” says Jambeck. Disposing of plastic properly for recycling or trash collection is a key step. “And simple things like reusable water bottles, mugs, and bags really cut down on waste,” she says. Skipping straws or using paper ones helps too. Ocean pollution can seem overwhelming, but it’s something everyone can help address. This is a problem we can really do something about.

Question 1.1.
On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, answer each of the questions given below by choosing the most appropriate option : [1 × 5 = 5]
(i) Percentage of ocean plastic that originates from land is :
(a) 20%
(b) 50%
(c) 80%
(d) 25%
Answer:
(c) 80%

(ii) In which year did Jenna Jambeck and other researchers calculate that at least 8 million tons of plastic trash is swept into ocean every year?
(a) 2018
(b) 2015
(b) 2005
(d) 2010
Answer:
(b) 2015

(iii) Plastic is not biodegradable because it is made up of :
(a) low atomic particles
(b) tiny particles
(c) strong big particles
(d) large molecule polymers
Answer:
(d) large molecule polymers

(iv) Sea turtles eat:
(a) plastic bottles
(b) plastic bags and soda-can rings
(c) bottle caps
(d) chunks of foam cups
Answer:
(b) Plastic bags and soda-can rings

(v) Scientists bought fish and shell-fish for examination at markets in :
(a) China and Russia
(b) Pakistan and Afghanistan
(c) California and Indonesia
(d) Australia and Brazil
Answer:
(c) California and Indonesia

Question 1.2.
Answer the following question briefly: [1 × 6 = 6]
(i) Which articles made of plastic generally cause pollution in the sea ?
(ii) How does plastic in oceans harm marine ecosystems?
(iii) How is microplastic formed?
(iv) Why is plastic compared to a sponge?
(v) What is the biggest impact of plastic pollution on sea life?
(vi) How are scientists trying to reduce the plastic pollutants?
Answer:
(i) Discarded plastic bags, cups and bottles cause pollution in the sea.
(ii) Plastic absorbs dangerous chemicals from its surroundings that include pesticides and other industrial chemicals. When marine life eats the plastic, they may be exposed to higher concentration of these contaminants.
(iii) Plastic doesn’t biodegrade or breakdown naturally. It just breaks into tiny pieces which are known as microplastic.
(iv) Plastic tends to absorb harmful chemicals from its surroundings which is why it is compared to a sponge. It’s like a sponge for persistent organic pollutants.
(v) The biggest impact of plastic pollution on the life is that seals, sea turtles and even whales can become entangled in plastic netting. They can starve to death if plastic restricts their ability to move or eat. It can cut into the animals’ skin and may cause wounds.
(vi) To reduce the plastic pollutants, scientists are working towards new materials that are safer for the environment. They are testing a new polymer that breaks down more easily in seawater.

Question 1.3.
Answer any three of the following questions in 25-30 words each: [2 × 3 = 6]
(i) How does plastic waste enter the ocean?
(ii) How is it true to say that plastic is everywhere in today’s world?
(iii) Which property of plastic makes it a problem pollutant?
(iv) What has scientist Jambeck suggested for having cleaner and healthier oceans?
Answer:
(i) When people litter or when trash is not properly disposed of, things like plastic bags, bottles, straws, foam, beverage cups get carried to the sea by winds and waterways. This is how plastic waste enters the oceans. About 80% of ocean plastic originates on land. The rest comes from marine industries such as shipping and fishing.
(ii) Its true to say that in today’s world, plastic is everywhere as it’s found in shoes, clothing, household items, electronics and more.
(iii) Some of the properties of plastic make it a problem pollutant. Unlike paper or wood, it doesn’t biodegrade or breakdown naturally. Instead, it just fragments or breaks into tiny pieces known as microplastic which potentially sticks around for hundreds or perhaps thousands of years.
(iv) Jambeck has suggested that individual actions make a big difference. Disposing of plastics properly for recycling or trash collection is a key step. Skipping straws or using paper ones helps too.

Question 1.4.
Pick out the words/phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following: [1 × 3 = 3]
(i) unspoiled (para 1)
(ii) long lasting (para 5)
(iii) people working together (para 12)
Answer:
(i) pristine
(ii) durable
(iii) colleagues

Question 2.
Read the passage given below: [10]
1. Getting enough sleep is an important as taking time out to relax. A good night’s sleep is essential for preserving the health of your brain and gives you the best chance to meet the coming day with a razor sharp mind. An average person needs about six to eight hour sleep a night—although it is also true that you need slightly less than this, as you grow older-another advantage of aging stress and sleep deprivation often feed on each other, since stress tends to make it harder for you to fall asleep at night and sleep deprivation in itself causes stress.

2. Eventually, too little sleep can dramatically interfere with the performance of your memory-something you obviously want to prevent. If you are not getting enough sleep, try going to bed 30 to 60 minutes earlier than your normal bed time for a few days. Lie down on the bed and try to relax by dissociating yourself from your daily routine work. This is normally enough to catch up on any sleep deprivation.

3. If, however, you suffer from insomnia you should seek the advice of your doctor. The chances are it is already affecting your ability to remember and recall information – and if you are struggling to improve your memory scores, this could be at the root of your problem. Prolonged periods of insufficient sleep can deplete your immune system, make you more accident prone and even cause depression—this can also reinforce a more negative outlook on life, which can contribute to your stress burden. The good news is that your memory and mood should automatically improve once you improve your sleep patterns. Tackle your sleep issues and everything else should fall into place.

4. Because stress management is so essential to maximize your brain power, if you are not in the habit of setting aside time to relax, make it a priority to do so. Even a minute or two of deep breathing can start to work wonders. Often the best ideas and memories can come to you when you are in a state of relaxation as it is during these moments that you brain stores, processes and plays with the information it has received.

5. Meditation has long been part of religious and spiritual life, specially in Asia. Today, more and more people are adopting it in Western countries also, for its value of developing peace of mind and lowering stress. There is some evidence that regular meditation can have real sleep gain and health benefits particularly in terms of protecting your brain against aging.

Question 2.1.
On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary-minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. [5]

Question 2.2.
Write a summary of the above passage in about 100 words. [5]
Answer:
TITLE : BENEFITS OF A GOOD SLEEP
1. Imp. of enough sleep
(i) Essential for the health of the brain
(ii) Gives chance to meet the cmng. day with a razor sharp mind
(iii) Avg. person reqrs. six to eight hour sleep a night
2. Effects of little sleep or insomnia
(i) Interferes with memory
(ii) Depletes immune system
(iii) Makes you accident prone
(iv) Causes depression
3. Stress mngmnt. and meditation
(i) Max. brain power
(ii) Brings best ideas and memories
(iii) Develops peace of mind
(iv) Protects brain against aging

Imp.– Importance
Cmng.— Coming
Avg.— Average
Reqrs.— Requires
Mngmnt.— Management
Max.— Maximise

SUMMARY:

Good sleep is necessary for a healthy brain. Six to eight hours sleep a night is required for an average person! Too little sleep or insomnia interferes with the performance of memory and can lead to depression. It further adds on to stress burden. Good sleep patterns help to improve mood and memory. Besides, stress management also maximizes brain power. Relaxed mind is a home for best ideas and memories. Meditation, which has been a part of religious and spiritual life particularly in Asia, develops peace of mind and lowers stress, regains sleep and health. Western countries are also adopting meditation for the same reason.

Section – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are Principal of National Public School,
Jaipur. You require a TGT (Maths) for your school. Drat a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situations Vacant’ column of ‘The National Times’ stating essential and desirable qualifications, experience etc. of the candidates. [4]
OR
Arts Club of your school is going to organize a drawing and painting competition. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, to be displayed on the school notice board, inviting students to participate in it. Give all the necessary details. You are Rishabh/Ridhima, Secretary, Arts Club, Sunrise Public School, Gurugram, Haryana.
Answer:

SITUATION VACANT National Public School requires a trained, efficient maths teacher below 35 years of age for teaching IX and X classes. The candidate must be B.Ed and possess an experience of teaching for five years in a reputed school. Walk-in-interview on 20th April from 9.00 a.m. to 11. a.m. in the Principal’s office. Contact:
Principal,
National Public School,
F-16, Durgapura, Jaipur

OR

SUNRISE PUBLIC SCHOOL, GURUGRAM
NOTICE

5th September, 20XX

DRAWING AND PAINTING
COMPETITION

This is to inform all the students of the school that ‘Arts Club’ is going to organize a drawing and painting competition for classes V to X on Saturday, 19th September in the school Crafts Room between lO.a.m to 12.00 p.m. Those who are willing to participate can give their names to their respective class teachers.
Rishabh/Ridhima
Secretary
Arts Club

Question 4.
You have realized the necessity of education and financial independence of women for their family, society and in turn for the nation. Write a letter to the Editor, ‘The National Times’
highlighting your ideas on the importance of education of women leading to a better status for them. You are Tarun/Taruna, B-7/9, Mall Road, Delhi. (100-125 words) [6]
OR
You bought a refrigerator two months ago from Mohan Sales, Ashok Vihar, Bangalore. It has developed certain problems regarding its functioning. Cooling has stopped and it is making a lot of noise. Write a letter of complaint to the Manager asking him for immediate repair/replacement of the same. You are Sachin/ Shashi, 61 Pratap Enclave, Bangalore. (100-125 words)
Answer:
B-7/9, Mall Road Delhi
14th November, 20XX
The Editor
The National Times
Delhi
Subject: Importance of Education for Women
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to highlight the issue of women education in our country. Education plays a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of our nation and educating women holds an important position in this regard. Earlier, women’s education was forbidden in our society but today women are highly educated and qualified professionals and scholars. There are women judges, doctors, executives, entrepreneurs, engineers, pilots and sportspersons in the country today. Women are present in every walk of life, competing with men quite successfully and this is possible only because they are given proper education facilities and opportunities. They can prove to be productive for the welfare of the society as well as the country if their education is given due importance like their male counterparts. Today, women even provide financial support to their family also.

It is said that a child’s first school is her/his home and for that purpose, the mother needs to be educated enough. This not only helps the child but also helps in improving women’s status and position in her family. For a developing country like India where women form half of the population, it’s important to educate women for the betterment of the their family, society and in turn for the nation.
I hope my thoughts will persuade the people to act towards the betterment of women.
Thanking You
Yours faithfully
Tarun/Taruna
OR
61, Pratap Enclave Bangalore
10th August, 20XX
The Manager
Mohan Sales,
Ashok Vihar
Bangalore
Subject. : Complaint regarding defective refrigerator
Sir,
Two months ago, I purchased a double door five star Samsung refrigerator in the colour cherry red, model no. A 233408 vide cash memo no. 453, dated 10th June, 20XX from your showroom. I was extremely happy to have purchased such a branded product but to my utter disappointment, it has not been working properly for the past few days.
Though for the first six weeks, it gave a trouble- free service but after that it started having problems. Its cooling has stopped and it makes a lot of noise too. Sometimes it even gives shock and gets heated quickly.
Therefore, I request you to send your service engineer to check its functioning. In case if there is any serious technical fault, I would like you to replace it as it is under the warranty period. I hope you would do the needful.
Thanking You
Yours faithfully
Sachin/Shashi

Question 5.
Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion : ‘Capital Punishment should be abolished/ [10]
OR
Regular practice of yoga is useful in maintaining good health. It is also important for good concentration and peace of mind. You are Shivam/Shabnam.
Write a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly of your school, highlighting the impact of yoga in our life.
Answer:
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SHOULD BE ABOLISHED
FOR THE MOTION:
Honorable Judges, Respected Principal, Teachers and my dear friends! Good Morning. Today I feel privileged to present my views in favour of the motion ‘Capital Punishment should be abolished’. Before starting of, I would like to explain what ‘Capital punishment’ is? It is actually the death penalty given by the government of a country to the person who has committed any serious crime. In my opinion, ‘Capital Punishment’ should be abolished. By giving someone a death penalty, it doesn’t mean that the crime is over or the victim is given justice. Instead, they should be punished in such a way that would make them realize and feel the pain and embarrassment from deep inside the heart. As we know that the crime graph is rising higher day by day and it’s not possible to hang all the criminals to death for their heinous crimes. So the accused must be given punishment that would make others afraid and they dare not think of committing crimes in future.

Moreover, death penalty is not for the democratic countries and civilized societies. It is not considered just and appropriate as in some cases influential and rich people hire good and reputed lawyers and could be saved if it falls on them. But on the other hand, those who cannot afford a good lawyer, succumb to death. Therefore, it is not justified. Rather imprisonment is far better to make a criminal realize his fault and to give him an opportunity to reform himself.

AGAINST THE MOTION:

Honorable Judges, Respected Principal, Teachers and my dear friends ! Good Morning. Today I stand before you to present my views against the motion ‘Capital Punishment should be abolished’.

For any crime there is a punishment and certain crimes are so ghasly for which capital punishment must be given to the criminals, otherwise the jutice would be denied to the victim. Besides, the criminals will get the opportunity to commit a more crimes. If they wouldn’t the fear of death, they would continue their wrongdoings. If capital punishment will be abolished, the other criminals will feel free to do such things in future which is unacceptable in the society as well as in the country. When a person commits a crime, he tries to escape the punishment by offering bribe to the police officials or jail authorities or hiring an influential lawyer. Even if he gets life imprisonment, it is nothing in front of the pain he caused to the victim.

Countries like United States of America give capital punishment to the criminals to lower the crime rates. If a person commits serious crimes like murder or rape, they should be given death penalty so as to give perceptual relief to the victim’s relatives. In a lot of cases, when the criminals are excused, they repeat the gruesome crimes. To avoid such situation, death penalty is must as it would refrain others from doing crimes and make the society safe. It is an appropriate punishment for the accused and also for those who continue to commit crimes even after being released from the jail.
OR
IMPACT OF YOGA IN OUR LIFE
By Shivam/Shabnam
Good Morning everybody, I am Shivam/ Shabnam, a student of class XII of your school. It is a great opportunity for me to share my views on the topic ‘Impact of Yoga in our life’ in today’s assembly.
Yoga is not merely a physical exercise which includes stretching, breathing or twisting the body in different ways, but it results into a healthy development of mind, body and soul. Today’s sedentary lifestyle has invited many diseases where man has limited time to spare for his health. It is also important for good concentration and peace of mind. With regular practice of yoga, we tend to become more sensitive to the kind of food our body asks. With the genuine effort made by our honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, it is celebrated every year on 21st June. Not only Indians but the whole world has accepted the power of yoga. A few minutes of yoga helps to get relief from stress. It helps detox the body and de-stress the mind. Yoga is the best way to calm a disturbed mind and increase the level of well-being in a person. On the other hand, yoga postures massage organs and strengthen muscles; breathing techniques and meditation release stress and improve immune system. Yoga and meditation work on keeping the mind happy and peaceful. When we feel drained out of energy, a few minutes of yoga can provide the freshness and energy back to our body. It also helps in improving body postures. Today, students face many problems due to the burden of studies and feel depressed but yoga acts as the stress buster for them. In many schools yoga is practiced on the daily basis as a part of curriculum. Hence, we too should add yoga to our daily routines for a healthy life.
Thank you.

Question 6.
Hard work and punctuality are essential for a happy and successful life. They help in meeting the desired targets of our life. You are Kavya/Kanha. Write a article in 150-200 words highlighting the importance of hard work and punctuality in a student’s life. [10]
OR
In your locality a blood donation camp was organized by an NGO- ‘For Your Health’. Many people visited the camp and donated blood. Write a report in 150-200 words for a local newspaper covering the arrangements, doctors, team, refreshment served etc.
Answer:
IMPORTANCE OF HARD WORK AND PUNCTUALITY IN STUDENT’S LIFE
By Kanha/Kavya
Punctuality is a trait which makes a man successful in life and if it is accompanied with hard work, nothing can stop him from reaching the zenith of success. In a student’s life, punctuality is must so that he/she can achieve good scores. A hard working and punctual student is respected and liked by all whether it is his teachers, society, family or friends. Students should follow the examples of great leaders ” like Abdul Kalam Azad in order to achieve success and fame. Being punctual refers to the quality to be on time and to complete every task in a systematic way. It encourages the student to do the work on time and keep an update of everything. This quality can be developed at any stage of life but if it is developed during childhood, it would prove to be better. Hard work and punctuality gives fruitful results in the long run. Lack of punctuality and hard work causes harmful effects. It is only the result of hard work and efforts of the scientists that the world has developed so far. Only hard work and punctuality make a student stand aloft the others and lack such trait make them lag behind. It is truly said that time is priceless. Once you have lost it, you can never get it back.
OR
BLOOD DONATION CAMP
By XYZ, staff reporter
24th June, 20XX: ‘A blood donation camp’ was organized by an NGO ‘For Your Health’ yesterday in our society. A team of eminent doctors and their efficient staff attended the camp. The main objective of organizing this camp was to emphasize the need of creating awareness among the people about the need of blood donation. People in large numbers came to donate blood whole-heartedly for this noble cause. It was so overwhelming to see their enthusiasm. The event made it clear that there are still lots of people who give their selfless contribution to save the life of others. Blood donation is ranked as the highest form of service towards mankind. Addressing the gathering, the chief of medical staff told that it was a matter of pleasure to see the enthusiastic response of the public for such a cause. He further added that donating blood regularly doesn’t affect the health at all, Impressed by his speech, many people took an oath to donate blood whenever required.
At the end of the event, juice, fruits and other healthy refreshments was given to all those who donated the blood. Overall, the camp was a big success.

Section – C

(LITERATURE : TEXT BOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT)

Question 7.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: [1 × 4 = 4]
I looked again at her, wan, pale
as a late winter’s moon and felt that old
familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,
but all I said was, see you soon, Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and smile
(i) Name the poet and the poem.
(ii) What was the poet’s childhood fear?
(iii) What is the poetic device used in line 1-2?
(iv) Explain : ‘late winter’s moon.
OR
……. The stunted, unlucky heir
Of twisted bones, reciting a father’s gnarled disease.
His lesson, from his desk. At back of the dim class
One unnoted, sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream.
Of squirrel’s game, in tree room, other than this.
(i) Who is the unlucky heir?
(ii) What has he inherited?
(iii) Who is sitting at the back of the dim class?
(iv) How is he different from rest of the class?
Answer:
(i) Kamala Das is the poet and the name of the poem is ‘My Mother at Sixty-Six’.
(ii) The poet’s childhood fear was that her mother would leave her alone and go away.
(iii) The poetic device used in lines 1-2 is simile.
(iv) Late winter’s moon appears dull and hazy and it has no brightness. Similarly, poet’s mother also looks tired and lifeless.
OR
(i) The unlucky heir is the boy with the stunted growth.
(ii) He has inherited his father’s gnarled disease of twisted bones.
(iii) A young, sweet, unnoted boy is sitting at the back of the dim class.
(iv) He is different from the rest of the class as he is lost in the world of his dreams of a bright future and he isn’t sad or morbid like others.

Question 8.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30 – 40 word each : [3 × 4 = 12]
(i) Who did M. Hamel blame for the neglect of learning on the part of boys like Franz?
Answer:
M.Hamel blamed the parents for the neglect of learning on the part of boys like Franz because their parents wanted them to work on farm to earn some money. Franz himself wanted to enjoy his time and thus, avoided going to school. M. Hamel blamed himself too for the neglect as he made the boys work in the garden which made them miss their lessons and whenever he wanted to go fishing, he gave them a holiday.

(ii) How did the instructor turn Dougla into a swimmer?
Answer:
Douglas was afraid of water and he wanted to overcome his fear. So he took the help of an instructor who taught him the strokes in swimming, how to inhale and exhale and how to use his limbs and his hands in water. He put a belt around Douglas during practice and after perfecting each part, he built a complete swimmer out of Douglas.

(iii) Why do you think Gandhiji considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his life?
Answer:
Gandhiji considered the Champaran episode as the turning point of his life because after this episode, the peasants realized their rights and came out of the fear of British landlords. They also got 25% of their land tax as compensation money. This was also the beginning of the cultural, economic and social transformation of the peasants in India. The British were forced to leave the lands of the peasants and hence, the peasants became the owner of their own lands.

(iv) What made the chief astrologer place his finger on his nose?
Answer:
The Chief astrologer placed his finger on his nose because he was astonished when he heard the ten-day-old royal infant uttering the words so clearly in his little squeaky voice. The chief astrologer took off his spectacles and gazed intently at the baby in sheer surprise.

(v) How did the writer indicate that Dr. Sadao’s father was a very traditional and conventional man ?
Answer:
Dr. Sadao’s father was a very traditional and conventional man. He was a gentle and quiet person who never joked or played with his son. Sadao’s education was his chief concern. He bestowed infinite pains upon Sadao, who was his only son. He was strict but a caring and loving father. He considered arranged marriage the best and believed in the purity of race.

(vi) How does Jo want the story to end? Why?
Answer:
Joe wants another ending of the story. She wants that the wizard should slap Roger Skunk’s mother because of her silly action and take a revenge. By changing the end, she wants to force her views on her father.

Question 9.
Answer any one of the following in 120-150 words: [6]
(i) “Seemapuri, a place on the periphery of Delhi yet miles away from it, metaphorically. ” Explain.
(ii) ‘The Rattrap’ focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. Comment.
(iii) Attempt a character sketch of Sophie as a girl who lives in her dreams.
Answer:
(i) The story ‘Lost Spring’ revolves around the pathetic lives of the poor children who live in the slums and work in unhygienic conditions.
Seemapuri is a slum area on the periphery of Delhi with a settlement of more than 10,000 rag pickers. Those who live here are squatters who came from Bangladesh back in 1971. They live in the structures of mud with roofs of tin or tarpaulin, devoid of sewage systems, drainage or running water. One may think that the life of people living on the periphery of the national capital must be very easy-going, rich and good but it is all opposite. They have no identity or permits except ration cards as food is more important to them than any identity. Children grow up only to become the supporters of their parents in survival. To them, garbage means ‘gold’. It is their daily bread, a roof over their heads. It is a gift for them because whenever they find some silver coin in a heap of garbage, they hope to survive on it for some days.

(ii) ‘The Rattrap’ is a bit philosophical story which tells that the world is a trap and the materialistic things are bait. In the story, the author tells that humans need someone to share their joys and sorrows. They can’t live alone and that’s why they are called social animals. In the story too, the peddler is lonely and so is the crofter. The peddler is a lonely man who sells rattraps to avoid his loneliness whereas the crofter is an old man who has neither wife nor child. Due to his loneliness, he wants someone to talk to. So he becomes talkative and friendly with the peddler and allows him to have a conversation with him. He not only gives him a shelter but also gives him the food to eat and tobacco to smoke. He tells the peddler everything about himself and his earnings. On the other hand, the iron master and his daughter are also lonely. They have lots of money but no companion and so they request the peddler to spend Christmas with them.

(iii) It is a natural thing for teenagers to dream. It is a part of their life but sometimes these dreams are impractical and non-realistic and when they are shattered, they cause a lot of pain.

In the story ‘Going Places’, the author has described the feelings and dreams of such a girl Sophie who was a school-going teenager. She was a day-dreamer who fantasizes her future life with Danny Casey, a football player from Ireland. She dreamt of having met him twice in the arcade. For her, he was the hero to be worshipped. She also thought of owning a boutique despite her weak financial status. She was blind to the bitter truth of life. She dreamt of an imaginary life, full of beautiful things. She also dreamt of becoming an actress as there was lot of money and fame in that profession. She wanted to be a fashion designer too. Overall, she wanted to lead a lavish and a grand life against which her father and friend Jansie had warned her. Her dreams were unrealistic in the sense that ultimately she would have to work in a biscuit factory as planned. She wanted to have the things which were impossible.

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following in 120-150 words: [6]
(i) Derry and Mr. Lamb both are victims of physical impairment, but their attitudes towards life are completely different. Elaborate.
Answer:
Answer:
Derry and Mr. Lamb both are victims of physical impairment, but their attitudes towards life are completely different. Derry and Mr. Lamb have the Same sense of loneliness and they both live a secluded life due to their physical disability. Mr. Lamb is disabled but calm and maintains peace with people around him. He has a tin leg as his real one was blown away in a war. He . is not irritated by the children who call him ‘Lamey-Lamb’. He always lives in peace. On the other hand, Derry has a burnt face as he got acid all down on his face in an unfortunate accident. He is always conscious of it and so gets alienated from the world. Before coming in contact with Mr. Lamb, Derry feels lonely due to the behavior of the people but Lamb inspires him and fills him with self-confidence and determination. His meeting with Mr. Lamb is a turning point in his life. He learns to live a respectful life. Mr. Lamb teaches him to live life to the fullest regardless of his disability. He tells him to move ahead in life as his brain and senses are competent enough. He imbibes positive attitude in him. He shows him the way to live in this world in spite of his disability because he could do much better than others.

(ii) Write a character sketch of the Governor of Oxford Prison based on the story, ‘Evans Tries an O-Level’.
Answer:
Governor of Oxford Prison was a generous and an understanding man who allowed Evans to appear for an O-level exam. Evans was a criminal and had escaped from jail earlier twice, so governor took all the possible precautions for the smooth conduct of the examination. The examination had been arranged in the cell itself. The door was locked one day before and the security was made very tight. No visitors were allowed to see him and a microphone was fixed in the cell so that the Governor could hear every bit of a sound. Everything was checked thoroughly to ensure the ways that could help him escape. This shows that he was very wise; on the other hand he was so simple that he couldn’t understand the cunningness of Evans. He didn’t realize the extent of Evans, cunningness. Governor was also trusting and therefore, he was fooled by Evans again in the end.

(iii) Why did Bama stroll in the market place instead of hurrying back home? Describe the sights she enjoyed seeing there.
Answer:
Bama stopped at the market place because she was surprised and excited to watch all the fun and games that were going on, different exhibitions, entertaining novelties and oddities in the streets, the shops and the bazaar. She took thirty minutes walking home from her school when she could have covered the distance in just ten minutes. The performance by the monkey and the snake charmer; the cyclist who had not got off his bike for three days, and who kept pedalling as hard as he could from break day; the rupee notes that were pinned on to his shirt to spur him on; the spinning wheels; the Maariyaata temple, the huge bell hanging there; the Pongal offerings being cooked in front of the temple; the dried fish stall by the statue of Gandhi; the sweet stall, the stall selling fried snacks, and all the other shops next to each other; the changing colour of street lights from blue to violet, clay beads, instruments for cleaning ears—all these things attracted her and kept her standing still for long.

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in 120-150 words : [6]
(i) Why was Mrs. Hall happy to have a guest at ‘Coach and Horses’ Inn? How did the stranger behave at the inn?
(ii) Describe Mr. Marvel’s meeting with the mariner at Port Stowe. What kind of person was the mariner?
(iii) How did Dunstan Cass meet his end?
(iv) Describe the circumstances under which Silas Mamer had to leave Lantern Yard.

Question 12.
Answer any one of the following question in 120-150 words :** [6]
(i) How does the novel. ‘The Invisible Man’ highlight the theme of corruption of morals in the absence of social restriction?
(ii) Compare and contrast Griffin (the invisible man) and Dr. Kemp as scientist and also as members of society.
(iii) George Eliot has portrayed Godfrey as a morally weak characters. Comment.
(iv) In ‘Siles Mamer’, describe the role of Dolly Winthrop.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Delhi SET II

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

Section – A

(READING)

Question 1.4.
Pick out the words/phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following: [1 × 3 = 3]
(i) dropped/thrown (para 4)
(ii) unluckily (para 6)
(iii) look like (para 9)
Answer:
(i) dumped
(ii) unfortunately
(iii) resemble

Section – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question 5.
Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion: Indulgence of the youth in the use of Internet is a great bane for them. [10]
OR
Outdoor exercise or morning and evening walk during winter months has become difficult in the polluted atmosphere of the metropolitan cities. In such a situation indoor (team) games have become very important. Write a speech in 150-200 words persuading your students to make more use of facilities for basketball, badminton etc available in your school. You are Principal of your school.
Answer:
INDULGENCE OF THE YOUTH IN THE USE OF THE ‘INTERNET’ IS A GREAT BANE FOR THE MOTION:
Honorable Judges, Respected Principal, Teachers and my dear friends! Good Morning.
Today, I stand before you to speak in favour of the motion ‘Indulgence of the youth in the use of internet is a great bane for them’.

Today we are living in a highly-technological and advanced world. Modern gadgets and the internet has become an integral part of the youth’s life. They live in a fascinating world where they want everything to move fast. Even while looking for the meaning of a word, the youngsters don’t use dictionary, instead they switch over the internet to look for it. While scrolling through Facebook or Instagram, they feel that everyone is living a better life than them. This leads to frustration. This social media behavior is linked with major depression disorder. E-books have replaced printed books. An e-book reader uses rapidly changing technology to read books in a digital format. Then comes the mobile phones. There is no doubt that mobile phones have brought revolution in the field of communication and are considered as the biggest blessing of modem science. But it proves to be the most hazardous gadget as it distracts the youth from studies and their academic goals. Computers and internet have made every possible information accessible at one click but there are certain disadvantages which can’t be overlooked. Over-dependency upon internet has made life sedentary which in turn, leads to many disorders like obesity, diabetes, heart problems and blood pressure. Researches have proved over use of internet hampers intellectual growth, language development and innovative thinking. Therefore, I must say that too much indulgence in the use of internet is a great bane for the youth.

AGAINST THE MOTION:
Honorable Judges, Respected Principal, Teachers and my dear friends! Good Morning. Today, I stand before you to speak against the motion ‘Indulgence of the youth in the use of internet is a great bane for them.’

In my view, indulgence of the youth in the use of internet is not a bane; rather it is a boon for them. The internet revolution has completely changed the lives of the youth today. The number of internet user has increased a lot due to easy accessibility and affordability. Whether it is homework, chatting, e-mailing, project work, information gathering or any other purpose, internet has occupied its solid space in every home. The internet provides information on any topic and youth considers it the best source of gaining knowledge as it saves their time and energy comparatively if they look into books or anywhere else. Therefore, books have taken a back seat in this regard and internet has become more reliable. It is supposed to be multitasking and provides knowledge on the basis of students’ ability and understanding. It makes the routine lesson interesting, motivating and exciting for students. It is accompanied with audio-visual aids which give pleasure in learning and the students’ quest to know more increases. The internet is not only the source of getting information but it is equally an efficient means of communication. The world has shrunk due to it because e-mailing and chatting have paved a path to discuss and spread education on a large scale.
OR
THE IMPORTANCE OF INDOOR GAMES
Good Morning everybody! Today as we observe that life in metro cities has become very difficult due to the increasing rate of pollution, it’s my duty to count on the hazardous consequences of the outdoor activities for all the students. Whenever we go out, we inhale smoke and poisonous gases along with oxygen. The burden of overgrowing population, unrestricted cutting of trees and unlimited urbanization has resulted in excessive pollution and so it has become impossible to do any outdoor exercise or morning and evening walk especially during harsh winters. Therefore, I would say that students must fully utilize the facilities of sports like badminton, basketball etc. available in the school as for good mental growth, we cannot deny the importance of these games. It helps to interact with each other as well. Children exchange ideas and thoughts while playing. As it is not possible to avail these facilities outside, our school has started the games within school premises. Trained coaches have been appointed for the students keeping in view the interest of the children in their respective field of interest. Students can play during zero periods and before the assembly. Provisions have been also made for evening training classes. These games are must for the children’s balanced personality. Moreover, physical activities provide an outlet for the surplus energy.
Therefore, I would like all the students to make use of the sports facilities available in the school for which no extra fee would be charged.
Thank you !

Section – C

(LITERATURE : TEXT BOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT)

Question 8.
Answer any four of the following question in 30-40 word each : [3 × 4 = 12]
(i) Why did the village elders occupy the back benches in the classroom to attend the last lesson delivered by M. Hamel?
Answer:
Answer:
The village elders occupied the back benches in the classroom to attend the last lesson delivered by M. Hamel because they felt sorry for not attending the school ever. They wanted to show their sympathy and respect for the teachers. They thanked M. Hamel for his long and devoted service of forty years to teach the children of the school.

(ii) Why did William Douglas choose Y.M.C.A. pool when he decided to learn to swim?
Answer:
William Douglas chose Y.M.C.A. pool when he decided to learn to swim because it was a safe and an ideal place for swimming. It was only two or three feet deep at the shallow end; and while it was nine feet at the other, the drop was gradual whereas Yakima river was dangerous and many people had drowned in it earlier.

(iii) What did Gandhiji do about the social and cultural upliftment of the Champaran villages?
Answer:
For social and cultural upliftment of the Champaran villages, Gandhiji did many things. He fought for the justice to the sharecroppers of Champaran. The sharecroppers got freedom from the prolonged fear of the British landlords only due to him. He decided to eradicate illiteracy by opening primary schools over there. His wife Kasturba taught the lessons of cleanliness and sanitation to the people. A doctor volunteered for six months in the village to keep a check on health issues Personal and community hygiene was emphasized by Gandhiji.

(iv) What great miracle did the ten-day-old Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur perform? How did it affect the people who listened to him?
Answer:
When ten-day-old Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur spoke in his little squeaky voice that ‘everyone who was born, had to die’, left everyone in utter surprise. Not only that, the baby raised intelligent questions, like what would be the manner of his death? The people who stood there were astonished as it was incredible that a baby of barely ten days, opened its lips in speech.

(v) How did Dr. Sadao perform his duty as a patriotic Japanese ?
Answer:
Dr. Sadao was a Japanese surgeon. An American prisoner of war was washed ashore in a dying state. He was thrown on the doorsteps of Dr. Sadao. Doctor was full of patriotism but as a doctor, he had to save the life of a dying man first. Therefore, he operated on the prisoner of war and as a true Japanese, he informed the General. This is how he performed his duty as a patriotic Japanese.

(vi) How can we say that Jack is a dominant male ?
Answer:
Jack was the father of a little girl Jo’ to whom he used to tell the bedtime stories. When his daughter grew up she began to ask him a number of questions. Jack was unable to invent new stories and thus, all his stories were alike except the main creature. He was indeed a dominant male as he enjoyed when his daughter listened to him carefully without interrupting him and his authority.

Question 9.
Answer any one of the following questions in 120-150 words: [6]
(i) What are the hazards of working in a glass bangle industry ?
Answer:
Hazards of working in a glass bangle factory are manifold. It is harmful for the eyes of the maker as the polishing of the glass bangles produces dust which may result into blindness. Working in the glass furnaces with high temperature and in dingy cells without proper ventilation and light take away the brightness of eyes. Similarly, during the welding work in the glass factory, sitting in dark rooms in front of flickering lamps is equally harmful for the eyes and many children lose their eyesight even before they grow up. Their eyes become so accustomed to that light that they cannot see the natural daylight outside. There are chances of skin bum too. Working in glass bangle industries leaves an adverse effect on the health of the workers. Besides the workers are physically, emotionally and psychologically hurt too. They are exploited by middlemen, policemen, sahukars, bureaucrats and politicians and it is impossible for them to come out of their trap.

(ii) What made the peddler finally change his ways ?
Answer:
The peddler was a rattrap seller who led a dull and monotonous life of a vagabond. He was a petty thief who stole thirty kronors from the house of crofter. Once, he was invited by an ironmaster, who thought him to be an old acquaintance of his. The peddler declined his invitation but when his daughter Edla persuaded him, he agreed. Edla showed pity on him and asked him to spend Christmas with them. Her behavior changed his conscience and he finally changed his way of living when got immense love and affection from Edla. His life was miserable but when he was shown hospitality and respect, he changed his way of living. He was full of gratitude to Edla for her kindness and generosity and started living the life of dignity and respect. While giving Edla the gift of rattrap, he asked her to return the thirty kronors of the crofter which he had stolen earlier. Thus, his life was completely transformed.

(iii) What was Sophie’s dream ? How was it unrealistic ? How was she different from Jansie ?
Answer:
Sophie was a day dreamer like all the other adolescents of her age. She was a victim of all the wild fantasies and totally cut off from the realities of life. Although she belonged to a lower middle-class family, she was blind to the bitter truth of life. She dreamt of an imaginary life, full of beautiful things in which she owned a boutique. She also dreamt of becoming an actress as there was lot of money and fame in that profession. She wanted to be a fashion designer too. It can be said that she wanted to lead a lavish and grand life which was not possible. Her dreams were unrealistic in the sense that ultimately she would have to work in a biscuit factory as planned.

On the other hand, Jansie was realistic and practical. Sophie and Jansie were classmates and friends but Sophie didn’t want to tell anything to Jansie as she would spread her secrets in the whole neighbourhood. Jansie didn’t possess unrealistic dreams. She dissuaded Sophie too from having such dreams so as to avoid depression and frustration later.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2019 Delhi SET III

Section – A

(READING)

Question 1.4.
Pick out the words/phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following: [1 × 3 = 3]
(i) unsafe (para 2)
(ii) rubbish/junk (as a noun) (para 3)
(iii) shaped/formed (para 5)
Answer:
(i) dangerous
(ii) trash
(iii) moulded

Section – B

(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question 6.
People like to travel to their places of work in their own cars. It is comfortable and they also reach their destinations more or less in time. However, use of private vehicles leads to pollution and traffic jams and it is expensive – also. Air-conditioned public buses, which
are smaller in size, seating 15-20 people and tickets, reasonably priced can be a boon for the people. Write an article in 150-200 words on the topic. ‘Need of better Public Transport.’ You are Resham/Rehana. [10]
OR
Your school held a two-day Diwali Mela in the school grounds. Various food stalls were put up by the students. On the second day, there was a song and dance programme. Prizes were q awarded to the participants. However, there were no fire works. You are Amit/Amrita. Write a report on the event in 150-200 words for your school magazine
Answer:
NEED OF BETTER PUBLIC TRANSPORT
By Resham/Rehana
We all know that travelling by a private vehicle is very convenient and takes far less time than public transport but simultaneously/it leads to pollution and traffic jams. Moreover, they prove to be extremely expensive as the petrol prices are increasing day by day. In that case, there is a serious need of better public transport which is comfortable and can accommodate 15 to 20 people at a time. The ticket prices should also be reasonable so that everyone can afford it. It is a known fact that in metro cities, from every house, a minimum of two to three vehicles are used by the members for going to their working places. Sometimes they remain stranded in their vehicles for long hours due to heavy traffic jams which result into excessive emission of polluted gases in the atmosphere and delay to reach their destinations.
So it would be far better if the government provides good public transport facilities which could be accessible to all. It would create lot of convenience for the general public and daily commuters. It has many social, economic and environmental benefits. Social benefits of using public transport are multifold. It helps in developing a sense of being a community among people. They feel a connection with those who are traveling with them. It encourages people to have a healthy lifestyle as they walk to their stations, stands or stops. Moreover, it is less stressful as it saves a lot of time. Economic benefits include less expenditure of money on buying cars or spending money on its maintenance. Travelling by public transport is much cheaper than private transport. It also reduces pollution and road congestion thus, helps in environmental conservation.
OR
DIWALI MELA
By Amit/Amrita
The festival of Goddess Lakshmi and Festival of lights came alive in our school on 27th October. The school organized a two-day Diwali Mela in the school grounds. The whole school wore a festive look. The building were illuminated with earthen lamps and lanterns. The reception hall and the corridors were decorated with marigold flowers which are considered auspicious. Children were very excited and had lot of fun. The main attraction was different food stalls which were set up by the students which included Indian, Continental, Italian and Chinese food. There was also a stall which displayed decorative and perfumed candles and many other decorative items made by the school children which were also meant for sale. People in large numbers purchased those candles and decorative items to motivate the children. On the second day, a cultural program was organized which stole the hearts of the viewers. Everybody appreciated the enthusiasm and endeavor of the students. The participants were awarded prizes by the Principal for their overwhelming performances.
It was an eco-friendly Diwali as there were no fire-works. Students were also asked to spread the message of celebrating eco-friendly Diwali. Our Principal briefed the students about the harmful effects of fire crackers on the environment.

Section – C

(LITERATURE : TEXT BOOKS AND LONG READING TEXT)

Question 8.
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 word each : [3 × 4 = 12]
(i) How did M. Hamel make his last lesson a special one ? What did he emphasize in it?
Answer:
M.Hamel made his last lesson special by wearing a special outfit and talking about the French language at length. He told that it was the most beautiful language in the world – the clearest and the most logical. He asked the students that they must guard it because when people are enslaved, the language is the only key to their prison.

(ii) Which two incidents in the life of William Douglas before he was ten years old created an aversion in his mind to water.
Answer:
As a boy, Douglas was scared of water a lot. His first experience was on the sea beach when he was with his father and a powerful wave swept over him. Although, the wave receded but it left Douglas terrified. At the second time, when William Douglas was learning swimming in Y.M.C.A. pool, a strong boy threw him into the deep water of the pool. He was saved but the terror, stayed with him and he couldn’t go near water for years.

(iii) Why did Gandhiji not accept C.F. Andrews, help during Champaran movement ?
Answer:
Gandhiji did not accept C.F. Andrew’s help during Champaran movement because he thought that in having an Englishman on their side was not helpful or a fair fight. That would show the weakness of their heart. He wanted Indians to be self-reliant in their struggle against injustice. He wanted Indians to rely upon themselves to win the battle.

(iv) How did the Tiger King’ manage to kill the hundredth tiger?
Answer:
The Tiger King had already killed Ninety- nine tigers and only one tiger was left and if he could kill just one more, he would have no fears left. But now it became impossible to locate tigers anywhere. The king sank into gloom but soon came the happy news about a tiger seen in the nearby village in his own state. He announced a three year exemption from all the taxes to the village in his excitement. He set out for hunt and managed to kill the hundredth tiger in the village.

(v) What was Hana’s role in Dr. Sadao’s life when he brought home an injured American soldier ?
Answer:
When Dr. Sadao brought an injured American soldier to his home, Hana played a crucial role. On the humanitarian ground, she nursed the soldier herself when she got no cooperation from her maid. She did all the household work herself gracefully. She washed the soldier’s wound and fed him,
which indicates her respect and obedience towards her husband. She did whatever Dr. Sadao asked her to do during the operation.

(vi) We can’t approve of Jack’s attitude towards his wife. Comment.
Answer:
Jack recalled certain moments of humiliation towards himself while telling stories to his daughter. He was influenced by his own childhood experiences and failures. He wanted to help his wife but didn’t make any efforts. He was a temperamental husband. He didn’t want to speak or work with her and even touch her. Thus, his attitude towards his wife is not acceptable.

Question 9.
Answer any one of the following question in 120-150 words: [6]
(i) What kind of life did children living in Seemapuri lead ?
Answer:
Seemapuri is a settlement of more than 10,000 rag pickers situated on the periphery of Delhi. The people living there have migrated from Bangladesh. They lived in the structures of mud with roofs of tin and tarpaulin. They didn’t have any identity or permits. Their children also helped them in earning their livelihood. Saheb was one of the children who lived here. He was from a poor family of Bangladesh. In order to earn their livelihood, his family shifted to Delhi where they settled in Seemapuri. But when they found no work to do, they became rag pickers. They had to search the garbage like others for something to make their livelihood. Sahib, whose age was to enjoy the life, go to school and live his childhood, also looked into the heaps of garbage for some coins. It was a tedious task as they used to leave their houses barefoot early in the morning with a bag on their shoulders. They did not have chappals, so they were not in a habit to wear them. Because their fields and homes were swept away in the flood in Bangladesh, so they came to the big city with a hope but even here they led a miserable life.

(ii) How did the crofter tempt the peddler to steal his money ? How did it change the peddler’s life ?
Answer:
The peddler was a lonely man who looked like a beggar. He was a homeless wanderer who used to sell rattraps. Once he knocked the door of a crofter who was equally lonely like him for a night stay. He was received by the crofter warmly and cheerfully. Crofter was proud of his cow that gave him enough milk. So he told the peddler about the thirty kronors he got by selling the milk of the cow and he used to keep his money in a leather pouch that hung from a nail in the window frame. He felt that the peddler did not believe him so he showed the money to convince him.
Having stolen the money, the peddler didn’t find it safe to walk along the public highway. So he went through the woods and got lost. Here, he thought that the whole world was a rattrap and the money he had stolen was a bait and he himself was trapped in it. Later, he regretted for stealing the crofter’s money so much so that when Edla invited him for Christmas, he returned the stolen money to her.

(iii) What did Sophie tell her father and her brother about her ‘meeting(s)’ with Danny Casey ? How did each of them react ?
Answer:
Danny Casey was a young footballer who played for Ireland. Sophie considered him a hero whom she worshipped. She was always occupied with his thoughts. She told her brother Geoff that she had met Danny Casey in the arcade while she was looking at the clothes in Royce’s window. Casey came and stood by her. She recognized him and then they started talking. Then she asked for an autograph but neither of them had a pen or paper. She further told her brother that Danny’s eyes were green. He was gentle but was not very tall. When her brother told about this to their father, he didn’t believe in her story at all as he knew her habit of indulging in wild fantasies. His expression was one of disdain. He called this story as one of her many wild stories and warned her against them as they would land her in trouble.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम्

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CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम्

परिभाषा तथा भेद

संस्कृत वाक्य में क्रिया द्वारा जो कहा जाता है, वही क्रिया का वाच्य होता है। संस्कृत भाषा में तीन वाच्य होते हैं(1) कर्तृवाच्य (2) कर्मवाच्य (3) भाववाच्य।

1. कर्तृवाच्य

कर्तवाच्य में क्रिया द्वारा प्रधान रूप से कर्ता वाच्य होता है तथा कर्ता और क्रिया का पुरुष और वचन समान होते हैं। अकर्मक तथा सकर्मक सभी धातुओं के दसों गणों में, दसों लकारों के रूप कर्तृवाच्य में होते हैं। अकर्मक क्रिया के होने पर कर्ता में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है। जैसे-रामः हसति (अकर्मक), रामः पुस्तकं पठति (सकर्मक), छात्रा हसन्ति (बहुवचन), यूयं ग्रामं गच्छथ (मध्यम पुरुष, बहुवचन), आवाम् याचावः (उत्तम पुरुष, द्विवचन), बालिका लज्जते (प्रथम पुरुष, एकवचन) इत्यादि वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त क्रियाओं के पुरुष और वचन कर्ता के अनुसार हैं। कर्ता में सब जगह प्रथमा विभक्ति तथा कर्म में द्वितीया विभक्ति का प्रयोग हुआ है। अतः इन क्रियाओं को कर्तृवाच्य की क्रिया कहते हैं।

2. कर्मवाच्य

कर्मवाच्य में क्रिया द्वारा प्रधान रूप से कर्म ही वाच्य होता है। यहाँ वाक्य में कर्म में प्रथमा विभक्ति का प्रयोग होता है, कर्ता में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है तथा क्रिया का पुरुष और वचन कर्म के अनुसार होता है। यह वाच्य केवल सकर्मक धातुओं का ही होता है। जैसे-बालकेन पुस्तकं पठ्यते, छात्रेण वृक्षाः दृश्यन्ते, युष्माभिः वयं ताड्यामहे, पशुना पक्षिणौ दृश्येते इत्यादि वाक्यों में बालकेन, छात्रेण, युष्माभिः तथा पशुना आदि कर्ताओं में तृतीया विभक्ति है। पुस्तकं, वृक्षाः, वयं, पक्षिणौ आदि कर्म में प्रथमा विभक्ति है तथा इन्हीं के अनुसार पठ्यते, दृश्यन्ते, ताड्यामहे तथा दृष्येते आदि क्रियाओं में पुरुष और वचन का प्रयोग हुआ है। कर्मवाच्य की क्रियाओं में क्रिया का रूप आत्मनेपद में चलता है। लट्, लोट्, लङ् और विधिलिङ् में धातु के बाद ‘य’ लग जाता है तथा शेष लकारों में बिना ‘य’ के रूप चलता है।

3. भाववाच्य

जब अकर्मक क्रियाओं वाले वाक्य में कर्ता की प्रधानता न होकर भाव (क्रिया) की प्रधानता होती है तो वह भाववाच्य कहलाता है। यहाँ कर्ता में तृतीया विभक्ति होती है। भाववाच्य में क्रिया में सदा प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन का रूप रहता है। क्रिया में शेष परिवर्तन वैसे ही होते हैं, जैसे कर्मवाच्य की क्रिया में होते हैं अर्थात् लट्, लोट्, लङ् और विधिलिङ् में ‘य’ लगता है तथा सभी लकारों में आत्मनेपद में रूप चलता है। जैसे-छात्रेण हस्यते, तेन भूयते, मया भूयते, त्वया भूयते इत्यादि में कर्ता में तृतीया विभक्ति है तथा क्रिया में आत्मनेपद का प्रथम पुरुष, एकवचन का ‘य’ के साथ बना हुआ रूप है।

कर्मवाच्य या भाववाच्य में धातु-रूप के नियम –

  1. जिन धातुओं के अंत में दीर्घ ‘आ’ होता है (जैसे-दा, धा, पा, स्था, मा आदि) तथा गै, दे, धे आदि धातुओं के अंतिम स्वर के स्थान पर दीर्घ ई हो जाता है। जैसे-दीयते, धीयते, पीयते, स्थीयते, मीयते, गीयते इत्यादि।
  2. ऋकारान्त धातुओं (मृ, ह, कृ, भृ, धृ, वृ, दृ आदि) के अंतिम ऋकार को ‘य’ परे होने पर ‘रि’ आदेश हो जाता है; जैसे – म्रियते, ह्रियते, क्रियते, भ्रियते, ध्रियते, वियते, द्रियते आदि।
  3. जिन धातुओं के अंत में हस्व इ तथा उ होते हैं, ‘य’ परे होने पर उनके ह्रस्व इकार तथा उकार के स्थान पर दीर्घ स्वर (ई तथा ऊ) हो जाता है। जैसे-जि से जीयते, चि से चीयते, स्तु से स्तूयते, श्रु से श्रूयते, द्वे से हूयते, सु से सूयते इत्यादि।
  4. √वद्, √वच्, √वस्, √वप् तथा वह स्वप् आदि धातुओं के व को उ सम्प्रसारण हो जाता है। यथा – उद्यते, उच्यते, उष्यते, उह्यते, उष्यते, सुप्यते आदि।
  5. √यज्, √व्यध् आदि धातुओं के ‘य’ का सम्प्रसारण (इ) होकर इज्यते, विध्यते आदि रूप बनते हैं।
  6. प्रच्छ्, √ग्रह आदि धातुओं के र् को सम्प्रसारण (ऋ) होने पर पृच्छ्यते, गृह्यते आदि रूप बनते हैं।
  7. धातु के उपधा के अनुनासिक का लोप हो जाता है। जैसे – भञ् से भज्यते, रञ् से रज्यते, गिन्थ् से ग्रथ्यते, स्तम्भ से स्तभ्यते।
  8. √खन्, √जन् और √तन् धातुओं के ‘न’ को विकल्प से आ हो जाता है। जैसे – जन् से जायते; तन् से तायते, तन्यते; खन् से खायते, खन्यते।
  9. लृट् लकार में कर्तृवाच्य के समान रूप बनते हैं, केवल प्रत्यय आत्मनेपद के लगाए जाते हैं, जैसे – भविष्यते, पठिष्यते आदि।

विशेष – कर्मवाच्य तथा भाववाच्य के क्रिया रूपों में गणों के विकरण का प्रयोग नहीं होता।

कर्मवाच्य व भाववाच्य के अनुसार प्रमुख धातु-रूप
1. भू धातु (होना)

लट् लकार
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 1
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 2
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 3
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 4

कुछ अकर्मक धातुओं के लट् लकार में एक-एक रूप –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 5

कर्तृवाच्य से कर्मवाच्य

कर्तृवाच्य से कर्मवाच्य बनाते समय निम्न परिवर्तन किए जाते हैं –

  1. कर्तृवाच्य के कर्ता की प्रथमा विभक्ति के स्थान पर कर्मवाच्य में तृतीया विभक्ति हो जाती है।
  2. कर्तृवाच्य के कर्म को द्वितीया विभक्ति के स्थान पर कर्मवाच्य में प्रथमा विभक्ति हो जाती है।
  3. कर्मवाच्य में क्रिया का पुरुष और वचन कर्म के पुरुष और वचन के अनुसार हो जाता है।
  4. कर्तृवाच्य में क्तवतु (तवत्) प्रत्यय के स्थान पर कर्मवाच्य में क्त (त) प्रत्यय हो जाता है।

कर्मवाच्य से कर्तृवाच्य कर्मवाच्य से कर्तृवाच्य करते समय उपर्युक्त नियम बदल जाते हैं। जैसे –

  1. कर्मवाच्य में कर्ता के स्थान पर आई हुई तृतीया विभक्ति कर्तृवाच्य में प्रथमा विभक्ति हो जाती है।
  2. कर्मवाच्य में कर्म के स्थान पर प्रयुक्त प्रथमा विभक्ति कर्तृवाच्य में द्वितीया विभक्ति हो जाती है।
  3. क्रिया के पुरुष और वचन कर्ता के अनुसार हो जाते हैं।
  4. कर्मवाच्य में प्रयुक्त क्त (त) के स्थान पर कर्तृवाच्य में क्तवतु (तवत्) प्रत्यय हो जाती है।
  5. कर्मवाच्य में प्रयुक्त ‘तव्य’ प्रत्यय के स्थान पर कर्तृवाच्य में विधिलिङ् का प्रयोग कर दिया जाता है।

उदाहरण – कर्तृवाच्य से कर्मवाच्य कर्तृवाच्य कर्मवाच्य कर्तृवाच्य
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 6
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 7

भाववाच्य के कर्ता में तीसरी विभक्ति होती है और क्रिया सदा प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन में होती है। जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 8

बारह द्विकर्मक धातुओं (दुह्, याच्, पच्, दण्ड्, रुध्, प्रच्छ्, चि, ब्रू, शास्, जि, मथ्, मुष्) के कर्मवाच्य बनाने पर गौण कर्म में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है। जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 9

इसके विपरित नी, ह, कृष् तथा वह धातुओं के मुख्य कर्म में कर्मवाच्य करते समय प्रथमा विभक्ति आती है तथा गौण कर्म में द्वितीया विभक्ति ही रहती है। जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 10

विशेष – ज्ञानार्थक तथा भक्षणार्थक धातुओं से कर्मवाच्य बनाते समय अपनी इच्छानुसार दोनों कर्मों में प्रथमा या द्वितीया विभक्ति करनी चाहिए।

CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 11

अन्य गति, अकर्मक धातु (ह, कृ), णिजन्त, द्विकर्मक धातुओं से कर्मवाच्य बनाने से प्रयोज्य कर्म में प्रथमा विभक्ति होती है जैसे –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 12

कुछ अन्य उदाहरण –
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 13
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् 14

मिश्रित-अभ्यासः

(1). कोष्ठकात् समुचित-पदानिचित्वा रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत

  1. ………………….. गृहं गम्यते। (त्वं, त्वया)
  2. ………………….. पुस्तकं पठ्यते। (तेन, सः)
  3. ………………. ग्रन्थः पठ्यते। (अहं, मया)
  4. ………………… शत्रुः हन्यते। (वीरः, वीरेण)
  5. …………….. पत्रं लिख्यते। (रमया, रमा)
  6. तेन चौरौ ………………..। (मुच्यते, मुच्येते)
  7. नृपेण वस्त्राणि ………………..। (दीयते, दीयन्ते)
  8. रमया …………. चीयन्ते। (पुष्पं, पुष्पाणि)
  9. ……………….. शत्रवः जीयन्ते। (वयं, अस्माभिः)
  10. छात्रैः ………………… स्मर्यन्यते। (पाठः, पाठा:)
  11. मया त्वं …………………। (कथ्यते, कथ्यसे) 1
  12. …………………….. अहं त्यज्ये। (तेन, स:)
  13. तेन …………………. (तिष्ठति, स्थीयते)
  14. तैः …………………….। (स्थीयते, स्थीयन्ते)
  15. देवैः गीतानि …………………..। (गीयते, गीयन्ते)
  16. ……………. मे पतिः ह्रियते। (त्वं, त्वया)
  17. नरैः वस्त्राणि ………………..। (धार्यते, धार्यन्ते)
  18. रामेण पाठः (पठ्यते, पठ्येते)
  19. …………………… चन्द्रः दृश्यते। (अहं, मया)
  20. तेन रुप्यकाणि (गण्यन्ते, गणयते)
  21. …………………… ज्ञानं प्राप्यते। (वयं, अस्माभिः)
  22. गुरुभिः किं न ………………….? (ज्ञायन्ते, ज्ञायते)
  23. उद्याने ……………… पुष्यते। (पुष्पाणि, पुष्पैः)
  24. तेन किं …………………? (खाद्यते, खादति)
  25. ………………. फलानि खाद्यन्ते। (सीता, सीतया)

(2). कोष्ठगत-पदैः वाच्यानुसार-पदानि निर्माय रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत –

  1. त्वया (युष्मद्) अजा ग्रामं नीयते।
  2. भृत्येन भारः गृहम् उह्यते (वह)।
  3. चौरेण (चौर) कृपणः धनं ह्रियते।
  4. क्षेत्रपतिना शृगालः हन्यते (हन्)।
  5. दुष्टबुद्धिना (दुष्टबुद्धि) पिता याच्यते।
  6. मया (अस्मद्) रामायणस्य कथा श्रूयते।
  7. खगेन पाशबंध: न दृश्यते (दृश)।
  8. व्याघ्रण (व्याघ्र) अजा नीयते।
  9. पुत्रेण पिता सेव्यते (सेव्)।
  10. नारदेन (नारदः) वेदाः श्रूयन्ते।
  11. मया वार्ता श्रूयते (श्रु)।
  12. बालिकाभिः (बालिका) गानं गीयते।
  13. सर्वैः ईश्वरः ………………….. (पूज)।
  14. ………………. (युष्मद्) कार्य क्रियते।
  15. त्वया कुत्र ………….. (गम्)?
  16. …………………… (छात्र) ग्रन्थाः पठ्यन्ते।
  17. किं त्वया अहं न ……….. (दृश्)।
  18. …………………… (अस्मद्) सत्यम् उद्यते।
  19. मया मित्रं विना सुखं न ………………….. (लभ)।
  20. तेन कदा ………………….. (आगम्, लुट)?
  21. ………………. (बालिका) भूषणानि धार्यन्ते।
  22. ताभ्यां किं ……………… (कृ)?
  23. मया कार्यं न …………….. (कृ, लुट्)।
  24. ………………….. (तत्) पत्रं लिख्यते।
  25. वृक्षैः फलानि ………………. (दा)।

(3). प्रदत्तेषु उत्तरेषु यत् उत्तरम् शुद्धम् अस्ति तत् चित्वा रिक्त स्थाने लिखत।

1. त्वया पिता कथम् ………………….?
(क) स्मर्यते (ख) स्मर्यामहे (ग) स्मरसि (घ) स्मर्यसे।

2. मया चन्द्रः
(क) दृश्यते (ख) पश्यते (ग) पश्यानि (घ) पश्यामि।

3. युष्माभिः विद्यालयः ……………………
(क) स्थीयति (ख) स्थीयते (ग) तिष्ठथः (घ) तिष्ठसि।

4. कन्याः फलानि ……………………
(क) खाद्यन्ते (ख) खादति (ग) खाद्यते (घ) खादन्ति।

5. श्रोतृभिः कथा ………………………
(क) शृणोति (ख) श्रूयते (ग) शृण्वन्ति (घ) श्रूयन्ते।

6. बालकाः फलानि ……………………
(क) खादति (ख) खादन्ति (ग) खाद्यन्ते (घ) खादन्ते।

7. सः …………………… लिखति।
(क) लेखम् (ख) लेखाम् (ग) लेख: (घ) लेखाः।

8. सर्वैः विद्वान् ……………………….
(क) पूज्यन्ते (ख) पूज्यते (ग) पूजयन्ति (घ) पूजन्ति।

9. …………………. अधुना गीता पठ्यते।
(क) भक्तः (ख) भक्तेन (ग) भक्ताः (घ) भक्तेभ्यः।

10. ………………… पाषाणखण्डेषु रत्नसंज्ञा विधीयते।
(क) मूढः (ख) मूढाः (ग) मूढः (घ) मूढान्।

11. सर्वैः जनैः सम्प्रति ……………………. श्रूयते।
(क) कथाः (ख) कथा (ग) कथाम् (घ) कथान्।

12. तेन चलचित्रम् ………………….
(क) दृश्यन्ते (ख) दृश्यते (ग) पश्यति (घ) दृश्य।

13. बालकेन ……………………
(क) कथयति (ख) कथ्यते (ग) कथयते (घ) कथयन्ति।

14. शिष्यैः ………………….
(क) नम्यते (ख) नम्यन्ते (ग) नमन्ति (घ) नमयते।

15. किं …………………. व्याकरणं न भुज्यते?
(क) बुभुक्षिताः (ख) बुभुक्षितैः (ग) बुभुक्षितः (घ) बुभुक्षितेन।

16. जनैः व्यायामः कदा ………………………?
(क) क्रियते (ख) कुर्वन्ति (ग) करोति (घ) क्रियन्ते।

17. परोपकारी सदैव ……………………. करोति।
(क) परोपकारं (ख) परोपकारः (ग) परोपकारेण (घ) परोपकाराः।

18. आचार्यः …………………. पाठयन्ति।
(क) छात्रान् (ख) छात्रः (ग) छात्राः (घ) छात्रैः।

19. छात्राः ……………………
(क) वदन्ति (ख) उद्यते (ग) वद्यन्ते (घ) वदति।

20. पिता विद्याधनं बाल्ये पुत्राय ………………..।
(क) ददति (ख) दीयते (ग) ददते (घ) यच्छति।

21. ………………… सम्प्रति आपणं गम्यते।
(क) वयम् (ख) अस्माभिः (ग) अहम् (घ) अस्मभ्यम्।

22. ………………… कविताः श्रूयन्ते।
(क) त्वया (ख) त्वम् (ग) यूयम् (घ) युवाम्।

23. अहम् यशस्वी …………….
(क) भूयते (ख) भवामि (ग) भूये (घ) भूयन्ते।

24. …………. प्रजा पाल्यते।
(क) राज्ञा (ख) राज्ञाः (ग) राजा (घ) राजानः।

25. अधुना अहम् स्वगृह ………………
(क) गम्यते (ख) गच्छामि (ग) गम्यन्ते (घ) गच्छामः।

26. सैनिकैः देशः ………………
(क) रक्षति (ख) रक्ष्यन्ते (ग) रक्ष्यते (घ) रक्षन्ति।

27. अस्माभिः पयः ……………..
(क) पीयन्ते (ख) पिबति (ग) (घ) पिबन्ति।

28. सैनिकैः शिविरेषु …………………।
(क) उष्यन्ते (ख) वस्यते (ग) उष्यते (घ) वसन्ति।

29. जनाः ………………….. पश्यन्ति।
(क) प्रदर्शनी (ख) प्रदर्शनीम् (ग) प्रदर्शनीन् (घ) प्रदर्शनीः।

30. सः ……………… दुर्वचनं कथयति।
(क) रामः (ख) रामम् (ग) रामाय (घ) रामेण।

(4). दत्तानि वाक्यानि दृष्ट्वा तदाधारिते रिक्तस्थानपूर्तिः प्रदत्तेषु उचितं पदं चित्वा क्रियताम्।

1. सः भोजनं खादति जलं च पिबति। …………….. भोजनं खाद्यते जलं च पीयते।
(क) तेन (ख) तैः (ग) ते (घ) ताभ्याम्।

2. पिता पुत्र मार्ग दर्शयति। पित्रा …………………… मार्ग दर्शयते।
(क) पुत्रान् (ख) पुत्राः (ग) पुत्रैः (घ) पुत्रः।

3. सः पापं करोति। तेन पापं ……………………
(क) कृयते (ख) क्रियते (ग) क्रियन्ते (घ) क्रियेते।

4. परोपकारी परोपकारम् करोति। परोपकारिणा परोपकारः …………….।
(क) क्रिये (ख) क्रियन्ते (ग) क्रियते (घ) कुर्वन्ति।

5. वृक्षाः फलानि यच्छन्ति। वृक्षैः ………………… दीयन्ते।
(क) फलाः (ख) फलान् (ग) फलानि (घ) फलानी।

6. छात्राः गुरून् नमन्ति। ……………………… गुरवः नम्यन्ते।
(क) छात्रेण (ख) छात्रया (ग) छात्राभ्याम् (घ) छात्राभिः।

7. त्वम् कथां शृणोषि। त्वया ………………….. श्रूयते।
(क) कथा (ख) कथाम् (ग) कथया (घ) कथा।

8. अहं मोहं त्यजामि। ………………………………. मोहं त्यज्यते।
(क) मया (ख) आवाभ्याम् (ग) अस्माभिः (घ) मह्यम्।

9. राज्यपाल: शिक्षकान् सम्मानयति। ……………… शिक्षकाः सम्मानीयन्ते।
(क) राज्यपालेन (ख) राज्यपालं (ग) राज्यपालैः (घ) राज्यपालाः।

10. आचार्यः प्रदर्शनी पश्यन्ति। ……………….. प्रदर्शनी दृश्यते।
(क) आचार्येण (ख) आचार्यैः (ग) आचार्याभ्याम् (घ) राष्ट्रान्।

11. राष्ट्रपतिः राष्ट्र सम्बोधयति। राष्ट्रपतिना ……………… सम्बोध्यते।
(क) राष्ट्रः (ख) राष्ट्र (ग) राष्ट्राः (घ) राष्ट्रान्।

12. सेवकः नृपम् सेवते। ………………….. नृपः सेव्यते।
(क) सेवकैः (ख) सेवकाः (ग) सेवकेन (घ) सेवकाभयाम्।

13. त्वं पुरस्कारं गृह्णासि। त्वया …………… गृह्यते।
(क) पुरस्काराः (ख) पुरस्कार (ग) पुरस्कारः (घ) पुरस्कारान्।

14. छायाकारः छायाचित्रं रचयति। छायाकारेण …………………… रच्यते।
(क) छायाचित्रान् (ख) छायाचित्राणि (ग) छायाचित्रं (घ) छायाचित्राः।

15. अहं लेखम् लिखामि। मया …………….. लिख्यते।
(क) लेखः (ख) लेखाः (ग) लेखान् (घ) लेखम्।

16. रामः कथयति। रामेण …………………
(क) कथयते (ख) कथ्यन्ते (ग) कथयन्ते (घ) कथ्यते।

17. सैनिकाः रक्षन्ति …………………. रक्ष्यते।
(क) सैनिकेन (ख) सैनिकाभ्याम् (ग) सैनिकैः (घ) सैनिकान्।

18. बालक: खेलति। ………………….. खेल्यते।
(क) बालकेन (ख) बालकैः (ग) बालकाभिः (घ) बालकम्।

19. शिशुः स्वपिति। शिशुना ……………….
(क) स्वपते (ख) सुप्यते (ग) स्वप्यते (घ) सुपते।

20. छात्राः तिष्ठन्ति। ……………….. स्थीयते।
(क) छात्राभिः (ख) छात्रया (ग) छात्रेण (घ) छात्रान्।

21. बालिकाः हसन्ति। बालिकाभिः …………………….।
(क) हसन्ते (ख) हसयन्ते (ग) हस्यन्ते (घ) हस्यते।

22. धावकाः धावन्ति। धावकैः ……………
(क) धावन्ते (ख) धाव्यते (ग) धावते (घ) धाव्येते।

23. विद्याहीनाः न शोभन्ते। ……………… न शुभ्यते।
(क) विद्याहीनैः (ख) विद्याहीनेन (ग) विद्याहीनया (घ) विद्याहीनाभिः।

24. स: आचार्यः अस्ति। तेन …………………… भूयते।
(क) आचार्यः (ख) आचार्येण (ग) आचार्यम् (घ) आचार्यैः।

25. नायिका नृत्यति। …………………. नृत्यते।
(क) नायिकया (ख) नायिकाभिः (ग) नायिकाः (घ) नायिकान्।

26. मालाकारः सिञ्चति। ……………………… सिञ्च्यते।
(क) मालाकारैः (ख) मालाकाराभिः (ग) मालाकारेण (घ) मालाकारया।

27. ते पश्यन्ति। तैः ………….
(क) दृश्यते (ख) पश्यते (ग) पश्यन्ते (घ) दृश्यन्ते।

28. पुष्पाणि विकसन्ति। …………………………… विकस्यते।।
(क) पुष्पैः (ख) पुष्पाणि (ग) पुष्पेण (घ) पुष्पया।

29. रामः हन्ति। …………………. हन्यते।
(क) रामैः (ख) रामाभ्याम् (ग) रामया (घ) रामेण।

30. सः लभते। …………. लभ्यते।
(क) तेन (ख) तैः (ग) ताभ्याम् (घ) ताभिः।

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Sanskrit

The post CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit सामान्य-वाच्य परिवर्तनम् appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi

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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi

Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks: 100

General instructions:

  • This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
  • Separate instruction are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions
  • very carefully and follow them faithfully.
  • Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi Set – I

Section – A
(READING) 20

Question 1.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: [12]
1. Too many parents these days can’t say no. As a result, they find themselves raising children who respond greedily to the advertisements aimed right at them. Even getting what they want doesn’t satisfy some kids; they only want more. Now, a growing number of psychologists, educators and parents think it’s time to stop the madness and start teaching kids about what’s really important: values like hard work, contentment, honesty and compassion. The struggle to set limits has never been tougher – and the stakes have never been higher. One recent study of adults who were overindulged as children, paints a discouraging picture of their future: when given too much too soon, they grow up to be adults who have difficulty coping with life’s disappointments. They also have a distorted sense of entitlement that gets in the way of success in the work place and in relationships.

2. Psychologists say that parents who overindulge their kids, set them up to be more vulnerable to future anxiety and depression. Today’s parents themselves raised on values of thrift and self-sacrifice, grew up in a culture where ‘no’ was a household word. Today’s kids want much more, partly because there is so much more to want. The oldest members of this Generation Excess were born in the late 1980s, just as PCs and video games were making their assault on the family room. They think of MP3 players and flat-screen TVs as essential utilities, and they have developed strategies to get them. One survey of teenagers found that when they crave something new, most expect to ask nine times before their parents give in. By every measure, parents are shelling out record amounts. In the heat of this buying blitz, even parents who desperately need to say no find themselves reaching for their credit cards.

3. Today’s parents aren’t equipped to deal with the problem. Many of them, raised in the 1960s and ’70s, swore they’d act differently from their parents and have closer relationships with their own children. Many even wear the same designer clothes as their kids and listen to the same music. They even work more hours; so at the end of a long week, it’s tempting to buy peace with a ‘yes’ and not mar precious family time with conflict. Anxiety about the future is another factor. How do well-intentioned parents say no to all the sports gear and arts and language lessons they believe will help their kids thrive in an increasingly competitive world? Experts agree: too much love won’t spoil a child. Too few limits will.

4. What parents need to find, is a balance between the advantages of an affluent society and the critical life lessons that come from waiting, saving and working hard to achieve goals. That search for balance has to start early. Children need limits because they feel better and more secure when they live within a secured structure. Older children learn self-control by watching how others, especially their parent’s act. Learning how to overcome challenges, is essential to becoming a successful adult. Few parents ask kids to do chores. They think their kids are already overburdened by social and academic pressures. Every individual can be of service to others, and life has meaning beyond one’s own immediate happiness. That means parents eager to teach values have to take a long, hard look at their own.
(a) Answer the following:
(i) What values do parents and teachers want children to learn? [2]
(ii) What are the results of giving the children too much too soon ? [2]
(iii) Why do today’s children want more? [2]
(iv) What is the balance which the parents need to have in today’s world? [2]
(v) What is the necessity to set limits for children? [2]

(b) Pick out words from the passage that mean the same as the following: [3]
(i) A feeling of satisfaction (para 1)
(ii) Valuable (para 3)
(iii) Important (para 4)
Answer: (a)
(i) Teachers and parents want children to learn values like hard work, contentment, honesty and compassion.
(ii) Giving children too much too soon brings its own ill-effects as they grow up to be adults who experience difficulty in coping up with life’s disappointments. They also have a distorted sense of entitlement that hinders their success at work place and in relationships.
(iii) Children of present time want more because of the increasing desire, and because there are so many things to want.
(iv) In today’s world, there is an exigent need for parents to strike a balance between the advantages of an affluent society and the critical life lessons that come from waiting, saving and working hard to achieve goals.
(v) There is a necessity to set limits for children because they feel better and more assured when they live within a secured structure.

(b) (i) Contentment
(ii) Precious
(iii) Essential.

Question 2.
Read the passage carefully. [8]
1. I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark and getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments.

2. Maybe it was the strange way in which things looked and sounded familiar in my room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a street light or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw curtains move when there was no breeze. A tiny creak in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel helpless. My heart would pound and I would lie very still so that ‘the enemy’ wouldn’t discover me.

3. Another childhood fear of mine was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school. Every morning, I got on the school bus right near my home – that was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the curve, I was terrified that I would get on the wrong one and be taken to some unfamiliar neighbourhood. I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends, make sure that the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning, and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was in the right bus. On school or family trips to an amusement park or a museum, I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my sight. And of course, I was never very adventurous when it came to taking walks or hikes because I would go only where I was sure I would never get lost.

4. Perhaps, one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. First of all, I was quite shy. Secondly, I worried constantly about my looks, thinking people wouldn’t like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear ‘the right clothes’ and had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing flats instead of saddled shoes to school. Being popular was very important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a powerful one.

5. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to recognize and overcome our fears. I have learnt that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me when I am lost and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us, as children helps to cope with our lives as adults.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. [5]
(b) Make a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made and also suggest a suitable title. [3]
Answer:
(a)
Childhood Nostalgia
1. Recollection of childhood memories
(i) Happy and carefree
(ii) Terrified of darkness and getting lost

2. Childhood fears or hallucinating vibes
(i) Feeling helpless in the dark
(ii) Strange shadows-an unknown beast
(iii) Moving curtains
(iii) Creaking sounds
(iv) Imagining burglars and monsters
(v) Lying still, with pounding heart
(vi) Fear of getting lost (on the way back home)
(vii) Scanning school bus searching familiar faces, same driver
(viii) Re-confirming the bus
(ix) Not letting leaders out of sight
(x) Avoiding the adventurous act
(xi) Going only when sure of not being lost
(xii) Fear of not being liked (xiii) Quite shy
(xiv) Worried about fat-looks, having braces, right clothes
(xv) Wearing the right clothes
(xvi) Flats vs. saddled shoes for school
(xvii) Imp. of popularity

3. Coping with childhood fears as an adult
(i) Undg. evolution process from a child to an adult
(ii) Recog. and overcoming fears
(iii) Accepting help from others
(iv) Role of friendliness and sincerity
(v) Undg. things that were scary

abbreviations used
1. & – and
2. Act. – activities
3. Vs. – versus
4. Imp. – importance
5. Undg. – understanding
6. Recog. – recognizing

(b) SUMMARY
The narrator had happy and carefree moments in his childhood. However, darkness scared him with its shadows, unexpected movement of curtains and blatant creaking sounds, made him imagine about monsters and burglars. He felt helpless and was scared of getting lost. Before boarding his school bus, he looked in for familiar faces. He was shy and afraid of not being liked by others which had been his biggest phobia. As he evolved from a child to an adult, he realised that understanding things that scare us as a child helps in coping with the challenges of life.

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS) 35

Question 3.
You were very upset about the reports on communal riots in various parts of the country. As a concerned social worker, design a poster in not more than 50 words, highlighting the importance of communal harmony. You are Vinay/Vineeta. (5]
OR
The Literary Club of your school is putting up the play ‘Waiting for Godot’. As secretary of the club, draft an invitation inviting the famous writer Sudesh Gupta to be the guest of honour at the function. Write the invitation in not more than 50 words. You are Govind/Gauri.
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 1
OR
The Literary Club,
XYZ School
12th Feb, 20XX

The Writer
Sudesh Gupta,

Subject: Invitation to be the guest of honor
Dear Sir,
The literary Club of XYZ School requests the pleasure of your esteemed presence on the .occasion of Annual Theatre Festival on Friday, 19th Feb, 20XX at 9.00 a.m. at the School Auditorium.

The students of the School are putting up the play ‘Waiting for Godot’. Your presence will encourage the students thereby making the occasion more meaningful and attractive. Hope our invitation will be accepted by you.
Thanks,
Gauri/Govind
Secretary
The literary Club
XYZ School

Question 4.
Last week the newly built auditorium of your school was inaugurated. As Deepak/Deepti Saha, the head boy/head girl of the school, write a factual description of the auditorium in 125- 150 words. [10]
OR
You had attended a workshop on personality development for students. Many eminent personalities had been present. Write a report in 125-150 words on how the workshop proved to be beneficial. You are Rajesh/Rajshree.
Answer:
NEWLY BUILT AUDITORIUM
By Deepak Saha / Head boy/Deepti Saha/
Head girl
The newly built auditorium of our school was inaugurated last week by Mr. Anand Seth, the MP. The auditorium is quite spacious and well- ventilated. It has five gates so as to avoid any chaos or mishap while entering or leaving the auditorium. Just after entering, one can see the exhibited portraits of educationists and artists on the walls. The seating space has been designed to accommodate about 5000 students. The roof is well-designed so as to give it a lively look. The seats are comfortable and arranged properly for a better visibility of the performances on the stage. Special care has been taken to build the stage of the auditorium. The dazzling lighting system, which constitutes dramatic lights, spot lights, etc., and the digital sound system have been installed by a leading company. The highly equipped auditorium has become an instant hit among the students and was even highly appreciated by Mr. Anand Seth, the guest of honour.
OR
WORKSHOP ON PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
By Rajesh / Rajshree
A workshop on personality development was organised by our school on last Thursday. Students of class XI and XII participated in the workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to prepare the students for their future in order to face bigger challenges in life. Students were addressed on various topics like self-analysis, body language, life-skills and etiquettes. Several activities and group discussions were conducted in order to help the students to enhance their communication and public speaking skills. The workshop was also graced by the presence of eminent personalities like Sushmita Sen and Kiran Rao Kher. They interacted with the students and spoke about the importance of interpersonal skills. Students left the workshop beaming with confidence and optimism.

Question 5.
You are Anand/Arti of 14, Model Town, Delhi. You have seen an advertisement in The Hindu for the post of chief chef in a 5-Star hotel. Apply for the job with complete biodata. Write in 125¬150 words. [10]
OR
You are Prem/Parul of 16, TT Nagar, Bhopal. You would like to apply for the post of Marketing Manager in a reputed firm in Mumbai. Write a letter to the Public Relations Officer, Chantac Enterprises, Mumbai, applying for the job. Write the letter in 125-150 words giving your biodata.
Answer:
14, Model Town
Delhi

June 15th, 20XX,

The Chairman,
The Hindu,
Gurgaon.

Subject: Job application for the position of Chief Chef
Dear Sir/Madam,
With reference to your advertisement in the newspaper, ‘The Hindu’ dated June 8th, 201XX, for the post of Chief Chef, I wish to offer my services for the same.

I am Arti/Anand, a post-graduate in Hotel Management, from B.M College, Delhi.

Please find my attached bio-data for the purpose. I would like to connote that I am a hard working girl/boy with a keen sense of interest in different cuisines flavours, herbs and essential seasoning. I am adept at the culinary skills and . have mastery in cooking. I have also undergone an industrial training of ten months at ‘The Grand,’ Gurgaon. If selected, I assure you that I shall work with the atmost diligence and sincerity.
I thank you in anticipation of an early response.
Yours Faithfully,
Arti Anand Singh
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 4
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 5
OR
16, TT Nagar,
Bhopal

February 20th, 20XX

The Public Relations Officer,
Chantac Enterprises,
Mumbai.

Subject: Job application for the post of Marketing Manager.
Dear Sir/Madam,
With reference to your advertisement in ’The Hindu’ dated January 10th, 20XX, I, Parul/Prem take the opportunity to offer my services for the post of Marketing Manager in your prestigious firm.

I am a diligent and honest person who is passionate about marketing. I completed my MB A in 20XX, and since then, I have been working with RP Communications, as a Manager.

I am here with, enclosing my bio-data along with the photocopies of certificates and testimonials for your further perusal and query. If selected, I assure you that I shall work with utmost devotion and sincerity to your full satisfaction. Hoping for a favourable response.

Thank You
Yours Sincerely,
Parul/Prem
Enel: Biodata
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 6
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 7
Question 6.
Last week, as you were coming back from school you happened to see a huge plastic bag full of leftovers of food being flung into the middle of the road from a speeding car. You wondered how people can be so devoid of civic sense. Write an article in 125-150 words on why we lack civic sense and how civic sense can be inculcated in children at a very young age. You are Shiva/Shamini. [10]
OR
You saw a stray dog beaten to death by a group of boys. Their act infuriated you and you scolded them for their cruel act. You decided to write an article on cruelty to animals. Write the article in 125-150 words. You are Nikhil/Naina.
Answer:
LACK OF CIVIC SENSE
By Shiva/Shamini
Negligent attitude of the people seem to be the order of the day in today’s harsh world. Modem society has given birth to indifferent and offensive individuals. People no longer think of the after effects of their negligent activities. They are driven more by their selfish needs.

People seldom follow traffic rules in India and are seen littering the streets with piles of trash. They show no respect for public property. Vandalism, road rage and intolerance are rampant on the streets. Perseverance and patience are rare virtues to be seen in people behind the wheels. Inculcating a strong civic sense is the need of the hour. Parents must instill civic sense in children at an early age. They must be taught the values of cleanliness, discipline, patience and tolerance. Parents must encourage their children to keep their surroundings clean as well as should practice what they preach to their children. Children should be taught to respect and abide by the rules as they are the future of the country. Our country can progress only if we teach right values to our children. As a civilised citizen, it becomes the duty of a parent to fathom this dire need and start off this task at the earliest, as family is the first institution for a child to learn the right thing.
OR
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
By Naina/Nikhil
Animals should be treated with love and compassion. However, we often fail to perform this duty.
Instances of animal cruelty are on rise in our society. Poachers mercilessly kill animals for their skin, fur and teeth. This has led to the extinction of several species of animals which has affected the ecological balance of our planet. Several companies use animals for testing medicines and cosmetics. Similarly, animals are often ill-treated and also sometimes forced into performing circus tricks and other activities for our entertainment. Even ‘the tiger’, one of the endangered species, is on the verge of being extinct.

We must understand that co-existence and harmony between humans and animals is essential for our planet’s survival. We must be more responsible and protective towards animals. Ill-treatment with animals is the act of barbarism which is beyond the limit of one’s conscientiousness. We must learn to love and treat them as living creatures. Animals lack in power of expression the but they possess the feelings of pain and agony. It is time that we reform our ways towards the animals. Immediate steps should be taken by the government to ensure proper care, protection and shelter for these animals.

Section – C
(LITERATURE: TEXTBOOKS) 45

Question 7.
Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth
Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways
Made for our searching: yes in spite of all,
Some shape of beauty moves away the pall
From our dark spirits.
(a) Name the poem and the poet. [1]
(b) Why are we ‘despondent’ ? [2]
(c) What removes ‘the pall from our dark spirits’? [1]
OR
…………… And yet, for these
Children, these windows, not this map, their world.
Where all their future’s painted with a fog,
A narrow street sealed in with a lead sky
For far from rivers, capes, and stars of words.
(a) Who are the ‘children’ referred to here?
(b) Which is their world?
(c) How is their life different from that of other children?
Answer:
(a) The lines have been taken from the poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’ by John Keats.

(b) The world we live in is full of depression illness and despair as there is demisal of noble souls. These evil and dark emotions leave us despondent and despicable.

(c) The poet says that even though the world is not a place worth living in because of the umpteen reasons which gloom and depress, the gusto to live a happy and content life can be derived from the sight of the beautiful bounties of nature around us. It is the thing of beauty which charms us and makes this world feel like heaven. These beautiful things remove the pall from our dark spirits.
OR
(a) The children who study in an elementary school and live in the slum are referred to here.

(b) Their world comprises of what they see from the window of their classroom. The view is full of despair and their future seems blurred and vague. They are confined to the narrow streets of the slum, far away from the open sky and rivers.

(c) The children in the slums spend their whole life confined in ‘cramped holes’ like rodents. They lack the basic amenities of life like proper food, clothing, shelter and health benefits. In fact, they are also deprived of the freedom to leave the shackles of this life and enjoy the ‘green fields’ as other children do. As a result, their life is left on the bereft part of unpleasant chores, which is absolutely unlike the other children.

Question 8.
Answer any two of the following in about 30-40 words each: [2 × 2 = 4]
(a) What was the poet’s childhood fear?
(b) What is the sadness the poet refers to in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’?
(c) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her?
Answer:
(a) As a child, the poet always feared losing her mother.

(b) The poet refers to the ‘sadness’ of failing to understand oneself in the monotonous every day existence. He also finds it sad that the humanity is moving towards its own ruins, owing to its unprecedented actions. He regrets the rush of maneuvering others that has made one forget the values of humanity.

(c) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are proud, free, dauntless and sure of themselves. Unlike them, Aunt Jennifer is terrified and oppressed by her chauvinist husband. She lived her life under constant pressure of duties and responsibilities of a married lady. Living a life on her own terms is a far¬fetched dream for her.

Question 9.
Answer any six of the following in about 30-40 words each: [6 × 2 = 12]
(a) Why did Sophie long for her brother’s affection?
(b) Why did Edla plead with her father not to send the vagabond away?
(c) What job did Saheb take up? Was he happy?
(d) Why were the elders of the village sitting in the classroom?
(e) Why did the Maharaja order the Diwan to double the land tax?
(f) Why did Roger Skunk go to see the old owl?
(g) Why was Zitkala-Sa in tears on the first day in the land of apples?
Answer:
(a) Geoff was reserved by nature and did not speak much which was envied by Sophie. She thought that he had access to a world which she had never got a chance to visit. She craved to be a part of her brother’s world and ended up longing for his affection.

(b) Edla was a kind-hearted woman. She was disheartened by the plight of the poor peddler. She requested her father to allow him to spend one day with them in peace as a respite from the struggle that he had to endure round the year.

(c) Saheb took up a job at a tea-stall. He was not happy because he lost his freedom and his ‘carefree look’ which he had when he scrounged the garbage for eight-hundred rupees.

(d) The elders of the village were present in the classroom to attend the last French lesson by Mr. Hamel. They not only paid their respects and tribute to Mr. Hamel but also showed their interest towards their own language that was perhaps being taught for the last time in the village.

(e) Having heard about the vanishing of sheeps, the Maharaja set out to find the hundredth tiger, that was the cause behind all the happenings. However, the tiger could not be found. In his rage, the Maharaja ordered the Diwan to double the land tax.

(f) Roger Skunk, alike his name was a nasty skunk who had a foul body odour because of which, other small animals avoided playing with him. He too wanted to have friends to play with. Hence, to get rid of the foul smell, he went to the wise owl and requested him to make him smell like roses.

(g) Zitkala-Sa was in tears because her hair was cut mercilessly. Relentlessly moaning for her mother, she kicked wildly and cried out loud, continuously shaking her head in resistance. At last, she gave up helplessly.

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following in 100-125 words: [5]
Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for Independence?
OR
What was the General’s plan to get rid of the American prisoner? Was it executed? What traits of the General’s character are highlighted in the lesson ‘The Enemy’?
Answer:
The episode of Champaran was considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for Independence because, for the first time, the farmers and peasants rose against the Britishers. The peasants were oppressed by their British landlords, but they lacked the courage to protest. Under the leadership of Gandhiji, they became aware of their rights. A small farmer, Rajkumar Shukla, from a small district, Champaran, helped to bring about a very prominent change. He championed the cause of Champaran movement. Likewise, many other peasants from the villages fought courageously and contributed in their own way to the movement. Their combined effort eventually helped them to win the battle of Champaran and to finally free themselves from ‘Share Cropping’ arrangement. The success also proved, for the first time, the effectiveness of Gandhiji’s method of non-violence and non-cooperation. Gandhiji exulted over them and made the villagers feel self-dependant and undaunted.
OR
The General planned to kill the American prisoner by sending his personal assassins and then removing his body from Sadao’s house. The plan was not executed because the General forgot his promise to send the assassins.

The old General had a long expressionless face, which seemed to reflect the cold and calculated ruthlessness of the man as a General. He had an unusual sense of humour and seemed to generate fear in the hearts of others quite effortlessly. In his interaction with Sadao, he came across as a man who puts his self-interest above everything else. As Sadao was the only person whom he trusted with his operation, he lets Sadao off the hook. His cold and calculating streak was manifested in the meticulousness with which he latched out the plan of executing the American prisoner of war whom Sadao had given refuge.

Question 11.
Both Derry and Lamb are physically impaired and lonely. It is the responsibility of society to understand and support people with infirmities so that they do not suffer from a sense of alienation. As a responsible citizen, write in about 100 words
what you would do to bring about a change in the lives of such people. [5]
Answer:
In the story, both Derry and Lamb are physically impaired and lonely. Such people can only live their lives with respect and honour, if they are not ridiculed and punished with heartless pity. These people expect empathy, rather than sympathy, from others. If everyone looks down at them with a pessimistic approach, they may never be able to come out of their sorrow; consequently, they may recline to their own secluded worlds. As responsible citizens, we should understand the tremendous mental and emotional pressure these people go through. Instead of reminding them of their disabilities, we should give them the chance to live a normal life.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi Set – II

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are a member of the S.P.C.A. Draft a poster in not more than 50 words, to create awareness on the need to prevent cruelty to animals. You are Suhas/Suhasini. [5]
OR
As the principal of a reputed college, you have been invited to inaugurate a Book Exhibition in your neighborhood. Draft a reply to the invitation in not more than 50 words, expressing your inability to attend the function. You are Tarun/Tranvi.
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 2
OR
PQ Colony,
New Delhi.

1st March, 20XX

Sub: Reply to the invitation
Dear Mr. XYZ,
Thank you for your thoughtful invitation for the inauguration of the Book Exhibition. However, I regret to inform you that I will not be able to attend it due to a prior engagement. I extend my warm wishes to you and all those involved with the event.
Best regards,
Yours sincerely,
Tarun/Tranvi
Principal, PQR College

Question 6.
A newspaper report on a recent terrorist attack in your locality shattered you. You decided to write an article in a local daily on terrorist attacks and the need to maintain peace and harmony in society. Write the article in 125-150 words. You are Madhav/Meena.
OR
India is a tourists’ paradise. But we have not really exploited our tourism possibilities. Write an article in 125-150 words on ‘Tourism in India’. You are Ravi/Rani. [10]
Answer:
CURBING TERRORISM
By Meena/Madhav
Terrorism is one of the major threats that is faced by our country. We live under constant fear of violence and death. Common man no longer feels safe. At every nook and comer, lurks the threat of an imminent terrorist attack. It is a giant threat which the world is confronted. Activities of terrorists have created a horrendous grief in the hearts of the common masses.

Some of the factors that have given rise to terrorism are lack of education, unemployment, poor economy and religious differences. But, it is high time that we join hands to fight and combat terrorism. India has always boasted of its unity in diversity. Keeping this in view, we need to spread the message of peace and harmony across the nation.

Strengthening the intelligence network, proper policy formation and effective implementation of Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) are some of the steps that can be taken up to reduce terrorist attacks. It is also necessary to educate the masses and make them aware of the safety measures. It is the need of the hour to keep a constant vigil on the safety of our very own nation.
OR
TOURISM IN INDIA
By Ravi/Rani
India is known for its rich flora and fauna, beautiful landscapes, glorious past and varied cultural trends. All these make India a major attraction for tourists from all over the world. Tourists from far-away places visit our motherland and are influenced by its scintillating beauty. However, tourism in India has been constantly suffering setbacks due to the various factors.

Pot-holed and filthy roads, rickety buses, over-charged taxis and delayed trains make travelling a nightmare in India. Moreover, the absence of decent and hygienic accommodations at a reasonable cost adds to the distress of tourists visiting India. Besides, the growing menace of terrorism is a huge deterrent and hindrance for tourists.

The Government of India needs to put concerted efforts to revamp and rejuvenate tourism in the country. Utmost emphasis should be placed on infrastructure development and increasing the security. Such effects will certainly make India the leader in the world of tourism.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi Set – III

Note: Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous

Section – B
(WRITING SKILLS)

Question 3.
You are a fitness trainer in a health club. Design a poster in not more than 50 words, to emphasise the importance of exercise in maintaining mental and physical fitness. You are Prem/Priya. [5]
OR
You have received an invitation to be the judge for a literary competition in St. Ann’s School. Send a reply in not more than 50 words, confirming your acceptance. You are Mohan/ Mohini.
Answer:
CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 English 2014 Outside Delhi 3
OR
22/4, PQ Puri,
New Delhi

23rd Feburary, 20XX

St. Ann’s School
New Delhi

Subject: Acceptance of the invitation
Dear Sir,
I acknowledge, with gratitude, ihe invitation extended to me to judge the literarv competition which is to be held in St. Ann’s School. I accept the invitation whole-heartedly and confirm my presence on that day and time. I wil * surely make it without fail.
Regards,
Mohini / Mohan

Question 4.
Your brother is going to Chennai to write an entrance exam. You have requested your friend to meet him at the railway station and arrange accommodation for him. As your brother has not seen your friend, give a detailed factual description of your friend in 125-150 words, so that your brother can recognise him easily. You are Parvesh/Parvati. [10]
OR
A few teachers and students from Edwin University had visited your school on an exchange programme. You welcomed them grandly. Write a report in 125-150 words on the celebration. You are Brijesh/Benu.
Answer:
Dear Karan,
As you are leaving for Chennai to appear for your entrance examination, I have asked my friend Sunny to meet you at the railway station and he will be arranging accommodation for you. Since you have not seen Sunny, his factual description is as follows.

Sunny is about 22 years old and he is 6 feet tall. He has a wheatish complexion and has long hair, which he usually wears in a ponytail. He tolu me that he will be wearing a yellow T-shirt and a pair of navy blue jeans while picking you up at the station. He has big eyes and there is a scar above his left cheek. He keeps a french beard and there is a small wound on the left side of his forehead. He wears stone studded rings on three of his fingers, one of which has a bright red colored ruby. Hope you will find him easily. Yours lovingly,
Parvesh/Parvati
OR
EXCHANGE PROGRAMME
By Brijesh/Benu
A group of teachers of Edwin University along with their” students visited our school on a two- week long exchange programme. They were given a grand welcome by the students of our school. Many of the alumini were also invited to attend the programme. The grand event began with the inaugural speech by our Principal followed by the coordinator of the exchange programme. Their elaborate speeches focused on explaining the significance and characteristics of this exchange programme. This was followed by a cultural programme having one of the main attractions as the Rajasthani folk dance which was presented by the students of class sixth. Interestingly, the cultural programme started on a hilarious note and ended with a patriotic song. The music compelled the students of Edwin University to dance along with the cheerful crowd. The celebration ended with the Indian national anthem, sung by all the participants and the audience. It was a wonderful experience to be cherished.

Question 5.
You are Arman/Arpita of 14, MG Road, Pune. You had bought the text book. ‘Vistas’ for class XII from a neighbourhood bookstore. After skimming through the book, you realized that few of the pages were missing and the print overlapped on a few pages. Write a complaint letter in 125-150 words to the Manager, Dawn Books, Lawrence Road, Chennai requesting him for a replacement or refund. [10]
OR
You had bought an expensive wrist watch last week. Now you realize that it is not functioning properly. Write a letter in 125-150 words to the Manager, Edison Watch Works, New Delhi, complaining about it and requesting him to repair or replace it immediately. You are Gobind/Gopa of 68, Park Street, Kolkata.
Answer:
14, MG Road,
Pune.

2nd February, 20XX

The Manager,
Dawn Books,
Lawrence Road,
Chennai.

Subject: Replacement of the book ‘Vistas’/ Refund for the purchase.
Dear Sir,
I had bought the text book ‘Vistas’ from your bookstore against (bill No. 002223, dated 12/4/20XX). After going through the book, I found that few pages were missing. Moreover, on some pages, the print is overlapped which is making it difficult to read.

I have bought many books from your book store and have never encountered such problem before. My exams are approaching, therefore, I request you to replace the book as soon as possible or refund the money at the earliest. I have attached a copy of the bill for your reference.
Yours truly,
Arman/ Arpita
OR
68, Park Street,
Kolkata.

16th June, 20XX,

The Manager,
Edison Watch Works,
New Delhi.

Sub: Complaint regarding defective wrist watch.
Dear Sir,
With reference to the bill no. 008453, dated 6-6-20XX, I apprise you that I bought a watch from your retail showroom. However, I regret to inform you that the watch has not beer functioning properly from the day of purchase. The watch does not keep correct time and stops every few hours. I have tried resetting the time, but that was of no use. I work as a security guard and having a watch is important for my work, as I have to record the time when people are visiting or leaving my work place. The watch has turned out to be a big trouble rather than being useful to me. I request you to either repair or replace the watch at the earliest. I have enclosed a copy of the bill for your reference.
Regards,
Gobind/Gopa

Section – C
(LITERATURE)

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following in 100-125 words: [5]
Gandhiji was not a loyalty to abstractions; it was a loyalty to living, human beings. Why did Gandhiji continue his stay in Champaran even after Indigo share cropping disappeared?
OR
Explain the reactions of the servants in Dr. Sadao’s house when he decided to give shelter to an enemy in the house.
Answer:
Gandhiji was not satisfied with mere political and economic solution so he wanted to bring about a change in the social and cultural conditions of Champaran. He noticed the unhealthy living conditions and poor sanitation in the village. He also realised the need for literacy. He decided to stay in Champaran even after the disappearance of Indigo Share Cropping. A small farmer, Rajkumar Shukla, from a small district of Champaran, helped in bring about a very prominent change. Gandhiji opened up schools in six different villages; and several of his disciples and family members volunteered as teachers. Being a staunch believer of passive resistance, Gandhiji championed the cause of the Champaran movement. His wife, Kasturba, worked on the personal cleanliness arid community sanitation of the place. Gandhiji also hired a doctor for the improvement of the health conditions.

Thus, we can say that Gandhiji was not a loyalty to abstractions. It was loyalty to living, human beings. This also made him keen to eradicate social and cultural backwardness of Champaran. Gandhiji exulted over them and made the villagers feel self-dependent and undaunted.
OR
When Dr. Sadao decided to give shelter to the enemy, the servants at his house overtly expressed their disapproval. However, they did not disclose the secret to the world. For them, the white man was an enemy who did not deserve their help. Yumi, the nanny of the children, refused to wash the American who was bleeding profusely. The servants expressed this displeasure and they voiced their opinion loudly for Sadao and Hana to hear. The servants constantly pressurized the Hoki family to let out the secret and get the American caught by the police. Finally, their displeasure at their master’s decision made them decide to leave his household.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers

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