Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Extra Questions Social Science Civics Chapter 9

NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 9 urban livelihoods

Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many percentage of people work on the streets of Ahmedabad? What works are they engaged in?
Answer:
According to a survey 12% of all the workers in the city of Ahmedabad work on the streets.

• They sell things.
• They repair things.
• They provide services.

Question 2.
Describe the scene of the factory area.
Answer:
Factory Area

• The area was full of small workshops.
• Their rows were endless.
• People worked on sewing machines in a small room and were stitching clothes and stocked them in one comer.

Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Extra Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who were working on street? What activities were in action on the street/ roads?
Answer:

• A vegetable vendor.
• Stall of flowers and garments.
• Newspaper vendor.
• Cobbler under a tree.
• Roadside barber.
• Cart pusher with all kinds of plastic bottles, boxes, hairpins, clips, etc.
• Cycle trolly, carrying vegetables.

Activities:

• Plying of buses.
• Plying of autorickshaw with school children.
• Rickshaw stand with severed rickshaws to take people to the nearby markets.

Question 2.
How do these people organise their work?
Answer:
These people organise their work in the following manner:

• They are not employed. Hence they have to organise their own work in the following manner:
• They plan how much to purchase, where and how to set up their shops.
• Their shops are temporary structures:
• Sometimes some boards
• Papers spread over discarded boxes
• Canvas sheets hung on four poles
• Their own casts
• Plastic sheets spread on the pavements.
• These people have no security.
• Police can dismantle their shops in a while.
• Vendors sell their goods (food items), already prepared at home like snacks, foods, chholas, etc.

Question 3.
What is being done now for the hawkers/street vendors?
Answer:
The work of hawkers/street vendors has been recognised as important for the low income purchasers.

• Previously hawkers were not allowed to sell their articles on the streets.
• Now hawking zones have been suggested for the hawkers to move freely.
• They have been made members of the committees which think about their welfare.

Question 4.
Describe the scene at the market place.
Answer:

• The market was about to open.
• People had already collected to buy things because it was a festival season.
• There were rows and rows of shops:
• They sold sweets, toys, clothes, footwear, utensils, electronic goods etc.
• A dentist’s clinic was also there at one end of the market.

Question 5.
Describe the new garments showroom.
Answer:
From the dentist clinic, the author and his cousin went to new garments showroom, because the author wanted to buy some clothes.

• The showroom had three floors.
• Each floor had different kinds/types of clothes.
• The third floor had clothes for girls.

Question 6.
Describe the scene in the buses which go to factory areas.
Answer:
Scene in the buses:

• The buses were crowded.
• At every bus stop more and more people boarded the bus and the crowd went on increasing in the bus.
• The writer and her cousin stood in a comer so that they could not be squashed.
• They felt surprise how people travelled daily in such a crowded state.

Question 7.
Describe the working conditions of the workers in factories.
Answer:
Working conditions for the workers in factories:

• They have to work for 12 hours a day.
• They have to work in day and night shifts on the machines. One worker for first 12 hours, another for next 12 hours on the same machine.
• If they protest in respect of working condition or wages, they are dismissed from the job.
• They are not well-treated.

Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What happened at the dentist’s clinic?
Answer:

• The cousin of the author alongwith him went to the dentist for check up of her teeth.
• They waited for their turn.
• When the turn came the dentist checked up her teeth. One tooth had a cavity.
• The dentist asked them to come next day as the cavity had to be filled.
• The cousin felt sorry that she allowed her teeth to be decayed because of her carelessness. How it would be painful to get the cavity filled !

Question 2.
Why labourers gather at the labour chowk? What do you do as labourers?
Answer:
The labourers gather at the labour chowk for finding jobs on daily wage basis.
These labourers do the following works:

• They act as helpers to masons.
• They dig at construction sites.
• They lift loads.
• They unload trucks in the market.
• They dig pipelines and telephone cables.
• They also build roads.
• These labourers are called casual workers.

Question 3.
Where does Nirmala work and what does she do there? What are her working conditions?
Answer:

• Nirmala works in a garment factory.
• The factory stitches summer clothes to be sent to USA, UK, Germany and Netherlands.

Working conditions for Nirmala:

• She works as tailor on a sewing machine.
• She works for long hours (nearly 12 hours) from December to April. Her working time begins at 9 a.m. and finishes at 10 p.m., sometimes even late.
• She works six days a week.
• Her wages are Rs. 80A per day for eight hours and Rs. 40/- extra for working late.
• Her job is not permanent. During lean period (from June to November) she remains out of job and has to work elsewhere.

Question 4.
Give an account of Sudha’s duties.
Answer:
Sudha’s Duties:
Sudha works in a company of the Government as marketing manager. Her office is surrounded by tall buildings.

• She is marketing manager in the company manufacturing biscuits.
• She supervises 50 sales persons. They get orders and payments from shopkeepers.
• She has divided the city into six zones/regions.
• She works for six days.
• She meets each salesperson once a week.
• She checks their progress and discusses and sorts out their problems.
• She pirns sales for the whole city. She often travels and works late in the evenings.

Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Extra Questions Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option:

Question 1
Who is Bachchu Manjhi?
(a) Engineer
(b) Dentist
(c) Rikshaw-puller
(d) Teacher
Answer:
Rikshaw-puller

Question 2.
How much does Bachchu Manjhi earn per day?
(a) Rupees 50
(b) Rupees 100
(c) Rupees 150
(d) Rupees 200
Answer:
Rupees 100

Question 3.
The life of people in urban areas is than that of the rural area.
(a) slower
(b) faster
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Answer:
faster

Question 4.
According to the survey in Ahmedabad city, how many workers work in the street?
(a) 10%
(b) 12%
(c) 14%
(d) 15%
Answer:
12%

Question 5.
If we feel a problem in our teeth, where should we go?
(a) To a physician
(b) To an orthopaedic
(c) To a veterinary clinic
(d) To a dentist
Answer:
To a dentist

Question 6.
Where are readymade clothes sold?
(a) At garments’ shop
(b) At shoes’ shop
(c) At chemist’s shop
(d) At none of these
Answer:
At garments’ shop

Question 7.
What does Vandana do?
(a) Sales woman
(b) Dress designer
(c) Nurse
(d) Peon
Answer:
Dress designer

Question 8.
Which of the following places are nearby Delhi?
(a) Mumbai and Goa
(b) Kullu and Manali
(c) Noida and Gurgaon
(d) Panipat and Kurukshetra
Answer:
Noida and Gurgaon

Question 9.
Most of businessmen are
(a ) self employed
(6) employed by others
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Answer:
self employed

Question 10.
The shopkeepers are given a licence by
(a) State Government
(b) Municipal corporation
(c) Central Government
(d) Court
Answer:
Municipal corporation

Question 11.
Where do labourers on daily wages wait with their tools?
(a) Labour Chowk
(b) Ramlila ground
(c) Cinema Halls
(d) None of these
Answer:
Labour Chowk

Question 12.
Where does Sudha work?
(a) In a company
(b) As sales person in a shop
(c) In a cinema hall
(d) All of these
Answer:
In a company

Question 13.
How much salary does she get?
(a) Rs. 5,000/- PM
(b) Rs. 10,000/- PM
(c) Rs. 15,000/- PM
(d) Rs. 30,000/- PM
Answer:
Rs. 30,000/- PM

Question 14.
What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?
(a) Savings for old age
(b) Gets off on Sundays and national holidays
(c) Medical facilities
(d) All of these
Answer:
All of these

Extra Questions for Class 6 Social Science

The post Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Extra Questions Civics Chapter 9 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.5

• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.1 
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.2
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.3
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.4
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.5
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.6
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.5
Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Which is greater?
(i) 0.5 or 0.05
(ii) 0.7 or 0.5
(iii) 7 or 0.7
(iv) 1.37 or 1.49
(v) 2.03 or 2.30
(vi) 0.8 or 0.88
Solution:
(i) 0.5 or 0.05
Comparing the tenths place, we get 5 > 0
∴ 0.5 > 0.05

(ii) 0.7 or 0.5
Comparing the tenths place, we get 7 > 5
∴ 0.7 > 0.5

(iii) 7 or 0.7
Comparing the one’s place, we get 7 > 0
∴ 7 > 0.7

(iv) 1.37 or 1.49
Comparing the tenths place, we get 3 < 4
∴ 1.37 < 1.49 or 1.49 > 1.37

(v) 2.03 or 2.30
Comparing the tenths place, we get 0 < 3
∴ 2.03 < 2.30 or 2.30 > 2.03

(vi) 0.8 or 0.88 ⇒ 0.80 or 0.88
Since tenths place is same.
Comparing the hundredth place, we get 0 < 8
∴ 0.80 < 0.88 or 0.88 > 0.80

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Express as rupees using decimals:
(i) 7 paise
(ii) 7 rupees 7 paise
(iii) 77 rupees 77 paise
(iv) 50 paise
(v) 235 paise
Solution:
(i) Since 1 rupee = 100 paise and 1 paise = rupees
7 paise = rupees = 0.07 rupees

(ii) 7 rupees 7 paise = 7 rupees + rupees
= 7.07 rupees

(iii) 77 rupees 77 paise = 77 rupees + rupees
= 77.77 rupees

(iv) 50 paise = rupees = 0.50 rupees

(v) 235 paise = rupees = 2.35 rupees

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
(i) Express 5 cm in metre and kilometre
(ii) Express 35 mm in cm, m and km.
Solution:
(i) 1 metre = 100 cm
1 kilometre = 1000 metre = 100 × 1000 cm
= 100000 cm
∴ 5 cm = metre = 0.05 metre
5 cm = km = 0.00005 km
Hence, 5 cm = 0.05 m and 0.00005 km

(ii) 1 cm = 10 mm and 1 km = 100000 cm
∴ 35 mm = cm = 3.5 cm,
35 mm = m = 0.035 m
35 mm = km = 0.000035 km
Hence, 35 mm = 3.5 cm, 0.035 m and 0.000035 km.

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
Express in kg:
(i) 200 g
(ii) 3470 g
(iii) 4 kg 8 g
Solution:
(i) 200g = kg [∵ 1 kg = 1000g]
= 0.2 kg
(ii) 3470 g = = 3.47 kg [∵ 1 kg = 1000 g]
(iii) 4 kg 8 g = 4 kg + kg [∵ 1 kg = 1000 g]
= 4 kg + 0.008 kg = 4.008 kg

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Write the following decimal numbers in the expanded form:
(i) 20.03
(ii) 2.03
(iii) 200.03
(iv) 2.034
Solution:
(i) 20.03 = 2 × 10 + 0 × 1 + 0 × + 3 ×
(ii) 2.03 = 2 × 1 + 0 × + 3 ×
(iii) 200.03 = 2 × 100 + 0 × 10 + 0 × 1 + 0 × +3 ×
(iv) 2.034 = 2 × 1 + 0 × + 3 × + 4 ×

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
Write the place value of 2 in the following decimal numbers:
(i) 2.56
(ii) 21.37
(iii) 10.25
(iv) 9.42
(v) 63.352
Solution:
(i) Place value of 2 in 2.56 = 2 × 1 = 2 i.e. ones
(ii) Place value of 2 in 21.37 = 2 × 10 = 20 i.e. tens
(iii) Place value of 2 in 10.25 = = 0.2 i.e. tenths
(iv) Place value of 2 in 9.42 = = 0.02 i.e. hundredths
(v) Place value of 2 in 63.352 = = 0.002 i.e. thousandths.

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 7.
Dinesh went from place A to place B and from there to place C. A is 7.5 km from B and B is 12.7 km from C. Ayub went from place A to place D and from there to place C. D is 9.3 km from A and C is 11.8 km from D. Who travelled more and by how much?
Solution:
Distance travelled by Dinesh from A to C
= AB + BC
= 7.5 km +- 12.7 km
= 20.2 km

Distance travelled by Ayub from A to C
= AD + DC
= 9.3 km + 11.8 km = 21.1 km
Since 21.1 km > 20.2 km.
Hence, Ayub travelled more distance.

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 8.
Shyama bought 5 kg 300 g apples and 3 kg 250 g mangoes. Sarala bought 4 kg 800 g oranges and 4 kg 150 g bananas. Who bought more fruits?
Solution:
Fruits bought by Shyama
= 5 kg 300 g apples + 3 kg 250 g mangoes
= 5.300 kg apples + 3.250 kg mangoes
= 8.550 kg of fruits
Fruits bought by Sarala
= 4 kg 800 g oranges +- 4 kg 150 g bananas
= 4.800 kg oranges + 4.150 kg bananas
= 8.950 kg of fruits
Since 8.950 kg > 8.550 kg
Hence, Sarala bought more fruits.

Ex 2.5 Class 7 Maths Question 9.
How much less is 28 km than 42.6 km?
Solution:
Since 28 km < 42.6 km

Hence, 28 km is less than 42.6 km by 14.6 km.

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The post NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.5 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.6

• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.1 
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.2
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.3
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.4
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.5
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.6
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.6
Ex 2.6 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Find:
(i) 0.2 × 6
(ii) 8 × 4.6
(iii) 2.71 × 5
(iv) 20.1 × 4
(v) 0.05 × 7
(vi) 211.02 × 4
(vii) 2 × 0.86
Solution:
(i) 0.2 × 6
∵ 2 × 6 = 12 and we have 1 digit right to the decimal point in 0.2.
Thus 0.2 × 6 = 1.2

(ii) 8 × 4.6
∵ 8 × 46 = 368 and there is one digit right to the decimal point in 4.6.
Thus 8 × 4.6 = 36.8

(iii) 2.71 × 5
∵ 271 × 5 = 1355 and there are two digits right to the decimal point in 2.71.
Thus 2.71 × 5 = 13.55

(iv) 20.1 × 4
∵ 201 × 4 = 804 and there is one digit right to the decimal point in 20.1.
∵ 20.1 × 4 = 80.4

(v) 0.05 × 7
∵ 5 × 7 = 35 and there are 2 digits right to the decimal point in 0.05.
Thus 0.05 × 7 = 0.35

(vi) 211.02 × 4
∵ 21102 × 4 = 84408 and there are 2 digits right to the decimal point in 211.02.
Thus 211.02 × 4 = 844.08

(vii) 2 × 0.86
∵ 2 × 86 = 172 and there are 2 digits right to the decimal point in 0.86.
Thus 2 × 0.86 = 1.72

Ex 2.6 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Find the area of rectangle whose length is 5.7 cm and breadth is 3 cm.
Solution:
Length = 5.7 cm
Breadth = 3 cm
Area of rectangle = length × breadth
= 5.7 × 3 = 17.1 cm²
Hence, the required area =17.1 cm²

Ex 2.6 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Find:
(i) 1.3 × 10
(ii) 36.8 × 10
(iii) 153.7 × 10
(iv) 168.07 × 10
(v) 31.1 × 100
(vi) 156.1 × 100
(vii) 3.62 × 100
(viii) 43.07 × 100
(ix) 0.5 × 10
(x) 0.08 × 10
(xi) 0.9 × 100
(xii) 0.03 × 1000
Solution:

Ex 2.6 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
A two-wheeler covers a distance of 55.3 km in one litre of petrol. How much distance will it cover is 10 litres of petrol?
Solution:
Distance covered in 1 litre = 55.3 km
Distance covered in 10 litres = 55.3 × 10 km

Hence, the required distance = 553 km

Ex 2.6 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Find:
(i) 2.5 ×0.3
(ii) 0.1 × 51.7
(iii) 0.2 × 316.8
(iv) 1.3 × 3.1
(v) 0.5 × 0.05
(vi) 11.2 × 0.15
(vii) 1.07 × 0.02
(viii) 10.05 × 1.05
(ix) 100.01 × 1.1
(x) 100.01 × 1.1
Solution:
(i) 0 2.5 × 0.3
∵ 25 × 3 = 75 and there are 2 digits (1 + 1) right to the decimal points in 2.5 and 0.3.
Thus 2.5 × 0.3 = 0.75

(ii) 0.1 × 51.7
∵ 1 × 517 = 517 and there are two digits (1 + 1) right to the decimal places in 0.1 and 51.7.

(iii) 0.2 × 316.8
∵ 2 × 3168 = 6336 and there are 2 digits (1 + 1) right to the decimal points in 0.2 and 316.8.
Thus 0.2 × 316.8 = 63.36.

(iv) 1.3 × 3.1
∵ 13 × 31 = 403 and there are 2 digits (1 + 1) right to the decimal points in 1.3 and 3.1.
Thus 1.3 × 3.1 – 4.03

(v) 0.5 × 0.05
∵ 5 × 5 = 25 and there are 3 digits (1 + 2) right to the decimal points in 0.5 and 0.05.
Thus 0.5 × 0.05 = 0.025

(vi) 11.2 × 0.15
∵ 112 × 15 = 1680 and there are 3 digits (1 + 2) right to the decimal points in 11.2 and 0.15.
Thus 11.2 × 0.15 = 1.680

(vii) 1.07 × 0.02
∵ 107 × 2 = 214 and there are 4-digits (2 + 2) right to the decimal places is 1.07 × 0.02.
Thus 1.07 × 0.02 = 0.0214

(viii) 10.05 × 1.05
∵ 1005 × 105 = 105525 and there are 4 digits (2 + 2) right to the decimal places in 10.05 × 1.05.
Thus 10.05 × 1.05 = 10.5525

(ix) 101.01 × 0.01
∵ 10101 × 1 = 10101 and there are 4 digits (2 + 2) right to the decimal places in 101.01 and 0.01.
Thus 101.01 × 0.01 = 1.0101

(x) 100.01 × 1.1
∵ 10001 × 11 = 110011 and there are 3 digits (2 + 1) right to the decimal points in 100.01 and 1.1.
Thus 100.01 × 1.1 = 110.011.

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The post NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.6 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.7

• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.1 
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.2
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.3
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.4
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.5
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.6
• Class 7 Maths Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Exercise 2.7
Ex 2.7 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Find:
(i) 0.4 ÷ 2
(ii) 0.35 ÷ 5
(iii) 2.48 ÷ 4
(iv) 65.4 ÷ 6
(v) 651.2 ÷ 4
(vi) 14.49 ÷ 7
(vii) 3.96 ÷ 4
(viii) 0.80 ÷ 5
Solution:

Ex 2.7 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Find:
(i) 4.8 ÷ 10
(ii) 52.5 ÷ 10
(iii) 0.7 ÷ 10
(iv) 33.1 ÷ 10
(v) 272.23 ÷ 10
(vi) 0.56 ÷ 10
(vii) 3.97 ÷10
Solution:
(i) 4.8 ÷ 10 = 0.48 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)
(ii) 52.5 ÷ 10 = 5.25 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)
(iii) 0.7 ÷ 10 = 0.07 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)
(iv) 33.1 ÷ 10 = 3.31 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)
(v) 272.23 ÷ 10 = 27.223 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)
(vi) 0.56 4- 10 = 0.056(Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)
(vii) 3.97 ÷ 10 = 0.397(Shifting the decimal point to the left by 1 place)

Ex 2.7 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Find:
(i) 2.7 ÷ 100
(ii) 0.3 ÷ 100
(iii) 0.78 ÷ 100
(iv) 432.6 ÷ 100
(v) 23.6 ÷ 100
(vi) 98.53 ÷ 100
Solution:
Solution:
(i) 2.7 ÷ 100 = 0.027(Shifting the decimal point to the left by 2 places)
(ii) 0.3 ÷ 100 = 0.003(Shifting the decimal point to the left by 2 places)
(iii) 0.78 ÷ 100 = 0.0078 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 2 places)
(iv) 432.6 ÷ 100 = 4.326 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 2 places)
(v) 23.6 ÷ 100 = 0.236 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 2 places)
(vi) 98.53 ÷ 100 = 0.9853 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 2 places)

Ex 2.7 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
Find:
(i) 7.9 ÷ 1000
(ii) 26.3 ÷ 1000
(iii) 38.53 ÷ 1000
(iv) 128.9 ÷ 1000
(v) 0.5 ÷ 1000
Solution:
(i) 7.9 ÷ 1000 = 0.0079 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 3 places)
(ii) 26.3 ÷ 1000 = 0.0263 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 3 places)
(iii) 38.53 ÷ 1000 = 0.03853 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 3 places)
(iv) 128.9 ÷ 1000 = 0.1289 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 3 places)
(v) 0.5 ÷ 1000 = 0.0005 (Shifting the decimal point to the left by 3 places)

Ex 2.7 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Find:
(i) 7 ÷ 3.5
(ii) 36 ÷ 0 .2
(iii) 3.25 ÷ 0.5
(iv) 30.94 ÷ 0.7
(v) 0.5 ÷ 0.25
(vi) 7.75 ÷ 0.25
(vii) 76.5 ÷ 0.15
(viii) 37.8 ÷ 1.4
(ix) 2.73 ÷ 1.3
Solution:

Ex 2.7 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
A vehicle covers a distance of 43.2 km in 2.4 litres of Petrol. How much distance will it cover in one litre of petrol?
Solution:
2.4 litres of petrol is required to cover 43.2 km distance
∴ 1 litre of petrol will be required to cover 43.2

Hence, the required distance = 18 km

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The post NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.7 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Ex 3.1

• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.1 
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.2
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.3
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Exercise 3.1
Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Find the range of heights of any ten students of your class.
Solution:
Let us have the heights of 10 students are as follows:
140 cm, 141.5 cm, 138 cm, 150 cm, 161 cm,
138 cm, 140.5 cm, 135.5 cm, 160 cm, 158 cm
Here, minimum height = 135.5 cm
Maximum height =161 cm
∴ Range = Maximum height – Minimum height
= 161 cm — 135.5 cm = 25.5 cm
Hence, the required range = 25.5 cm.

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Organise the following marks in a class assessment in a tabular form.
4, 6, 7, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 2, 6, 2, 5, 1, 9, 6, 5, 8, 4, 6, 7
(i) Which number is the highest?
(ii) Which number is the lowest?
(iii) What is the range of the data?
(iv) Find the arithmetic mean.
Solution:
Let us form a frequency distribution table:


(i) 9 is the highest marks.
(ii) 1 is the lowest marks.
(iii) Range = Max. marks – Min. marks
= 9 – 1 = 8
(iv) Arithmetic mean =

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Find the mean of first five whole numbers.
Solution:
First 5 whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
∴ Mean
Hence, the required mean = 2.

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
A cricketer scores the following runs in eight innings:
58, 76, 40, 35, 46, 45, 0, 100
Find the mean score.
Solution:
Following are the scores of the runs in eight innings:
58, 76, 40, 35, 46, 45, 0, 100
∴ Mean =

Hence, the required mean = 50.

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Following table shows the points of each player scored in four games:

Now answer the following questions:
(i) Find the mean to determine A’s average number of points scored per game.
(ii) To find the mean number of points per game for C, would you divide the total points by 3 or by 4? Why?
(iii) B played in all the four games. How would you find the mean?
(iv) Who is the best performer?
Solution:
(i) Number of points scored by A in all games are
Game 1 – 14, Game 2 = 16, Game 3 = 10, Game 4 = 10
∴ Average score =

(ii) Since, C did not play Game 3, he played only 3 games. So, the total will be divided by 3.
(iii) Number of points scored by B in all the games are Game 1 = 0, Game 2 = 8, Game 3 = 6, Game 4 = 4
∴ Average score =
(iv) Mean score of C

Mean score of C = 10.67
While mean score of A = 12.5
Clearly, A is the best performer.

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
The marks (out of 100) obtained by a group of students in a science test are 85, 76, 90, 85, 39, 48, 56, 95, 81 and 75. Find the
(i) highest and the lowest marks obtained by the students.
(ii) range of the marks obtained.
(iii) mean marks obtained by the group.
Solution:
Marks obtained are:
85, 76, 90, 85, 39, 48, 56, 95, 81 and 75
(i) Highest marks = 95
Lowest marks = 39
(ii) Range of the marks
= Highest marks – Lowest marks
= 95 – 39 = 56
(iii) Mean marks

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 7.
The enrolment in a school during six consecutive years was as follows:
1555, 1670, 1750, 2013, 2540, 2820
Find the mean enrolment of the school for this period.
Solution:
Mean enrolment

Thus, the required mean = 2058.

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 8.
The rainfall (in mm) in a city on 7 days of a certain week was recorded as follows:

(i) Find the range of the rainfall in the above data.
(ii) Find the mean rainfall for the week.
(iii) On how many days was the rainfall less than the mean rainfall?
Solution:
(i) Maximum rainfall = 20.5 mm
Minimum rainfall = 0.0 mm
∴ Range = Maximum rainfall – Minimum rainfall
= 20.5 mm – 0.0 mm = 20.5 mm

(ii) Mean rainfall

(iii) Number of days on which the rainfall was less than the mean rainfall = Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday = 5 days.

Ex 3.1 Class 7 Maths Question 9.
The heights of 10 girls were measured in cm and the results are as follows:
135, 150, 139, 128, 151, 132, 146, 149, 143, 141
(i) What is the height of the tallest girl?
(ii) What is the height of the shortest girl?
(Hi) What is the range of the data?
(iv) What is the mean height of the girls?
(v) How many girls have heights more than the mean height?
Solution:
(i) Height of the tallest girl = 151 cm.
(ii) Height of the shortest girl = 128 cm.
(iii) Range = Height of tallest girl – Height of the shortest girl
= 151 cm – 128 cm = 23 cm.

(v) Number of girls having more height than the mean height
= 150, 151, 146, 149 and 143 = 5 girls

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Ex 3.2

• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.1 
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.2
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.3
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Exercise 3.2
Ex 3.2 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
The scores in mathematics test (out of 25) of 15 students is as follows:
19, 25, 23, 20, 9, 20, 15, 10, 5, 16, 25, 20, 24, 12, 20
Find the mode and median of this data. Are they same?
Solution:
Given data:
19, 25, 23, 20, 9, 20, 15, 10, 5, 16, 25, 20, 24, 12, 20
Let us arrange the given data in increasing order

Since 20 occurs 4 times (highest)
∴ Mode = 20
n = 15 (odd)
∴ Median =
= 8th term = 20
Thus, median = 20 and mode = 20
∴ Mode and median are same.

Ex 3.2 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
The runs scored in a cricket match by 11 players is as follows:
6, 15, 120, 50, 100, 80, 10, 15, 8, 10, 15
Find the mean, mode and median of this data. Are the three same?
Solution:
Given data:
6, 15, 120, 50, 100, 80, 10, 15, 8, 10, 15

Arranging the given data in increasing order, we get

Here, 15 occurs 3 times (highest)
∴ Mode = 15
n = 11 (odd)
∴ Median = term = 6th term = 15
Thus mean = 39, mode = 15 and median = 15
No, they are not same.

Ex 3.2 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
The weights (in kg) of 15 students of a class are:
38, 42, 35, 37, 45, 50, 32, 43, 43, 40, 36, 38, 43, 38, 47
(i) Find the mode and median of this data.
(ii) Is there more than one mode?
Solution:
Given data: 38, 42, 35, 37,45, 50, 32,43, 43,40, 36, 38, 43, 38, 47
Arranging in increasing order, we get

(i) Here, 38 and 42 occur 3 times (highest)
Thus mode = 38 and 43
n = 15(odd)
Median = term
= 8th term = 40
Thus mode 38 and 43 and median = 40
(ii) Yes, the given data has two modes i.e. 38 and 43.

Ex 3.2 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
Find the mode and median of the data:
13, 16, 12, 14, 19, 12, 14, 13, 14
Solution:
Arranging the given data in increasing order, we get

Here, 14 occur 3 times (highest)
Thus, mode = 14
n = 9(odd)
∴ Median = term
= 5th term = 14
Hence, mode = 14 and median = 14.

Ex 3.2 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Tell whether the statement is true or false.
(i) The mode is always one of the number in a data.
(ii) The mean is one of the numbers in a data.
(iii) The median is always one of the numbers in a data.
(iv) The data 6, 4, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13, 9 has mean 9.
Solution:
(i) True
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) False

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Ex 3.3

• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.1 
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.2
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.3
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Exercise 3.3
Ex 3.3 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Use the bar graph to answer the following questions.
(a) Which is the most popular pet?
(b) How many students have dog as a pet?
Solution:
From the given bar graph in figure, we have
(a) Cats are the most popular pet among the students.
(b) 8 students have dog as a pet animal.

Ex 3.3 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Read the bar graph which shows the number of books sold by a bookstore during five consecutive years and answer the following questions:
(i) About how many books were sold in 1989, 1990, 1992?
(ii) In which year were about 475 books sold? About 225 books sold?
(iii) In which year were fewer than 250 books sold?
(iv) Can you explain how you would estimate the number of books sold in 1989?

Solution:
From the given bar graph, we have
(i) Number of books sold in the year 1989 is about 180, in 1990 is about 490 and in 1992 is about 295.
(ii) About 475 books were sold in 1990. About 225 books were sold in the year 1992.
(iii) Fewer than 250 books were sold in the years 1989 and 1992.
(iv) On y-axis, the line is divided into 10 small parts of 10 books each. So, we can estimate the number of books sold in 1989 is about 180.

Ex 3.3 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Number of children in six different classes are given below. Represent the data on a bar graph.

(a) How would you choose a scale?
(b) Answer the following questions:

• Which class has the maximum number of children? And the minimum?
• Find the ratio of students of class sixth to £he students of class eighth.

Solution:

(a) Scale on y-axis is 1 cm = 10 students
(b)

• Fifth class has the maximum number of children i.e., 135.
  Tenth class has the minimum number of children i.e., 80.
• Number of children in class eight = 100
  ∴ Ratio of class sixth to the students of class
  

Ex 3.3 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
The performance of a student in 1st term and 2nd term is given. Draw a double bar graph choosing appropriate scale and answer the following:

(i) In which subject, has the child improved his performance the most?
(ii) In which subject is the improvement the least?
(iii) Has the performance gone down in any subject?
Solution:

(i) In Math, the performance of the students improved the most.
(ii) In social science, the performance of the students improved the least.
(iii) Yes, in Hindi the performance of the students has gone down.

Ex 3.3 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Consider this data collected from survey of a colony.

(i) Draw a double bar graph choosing an appropriate scale. What do you infer from the bar graph?
(ii) Which sport is most popular?
(iii) Which is more preferred, watching or participating in sports?
Solution:
(i) The above bar graph depicts the number of people who are watching and who are participating in sports.
(ii) Cricket is the most popular sport.
(iii) Watching the sports is more preferred by the people.

Ex 3.3 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
Take the data giving the minimum and the maximum temperature of various cities given in the beginning of this chapter. Plot a double bar graph using the data and answer the following:
(i) Which city has the largest difference in the minimum and maximum temperature on the given date?
(ii) Which is the hottest city and which is the coldest city?
(iii) Name two cities where maximum temperature of one was less than the minimum temperature of the other.
(iv) Name the city which has the least difference between its minimum and maximum temperature.

Solution:
Double bar graph:

(i) Jammu has the largest difference between the maximum and minimum temperature i.e. 41°C – 26°C = 15°C
(ii) Hottest city is Jammu with 41°C temperature and coldest city is Bengaluru with 21°C temperature.
(iii)

• Bengaluru having its maximum temperature 28°C is less than the minimum temperature 29°C in Ahmedabad.
• Bengaluru having its maximum tem-perature 28°C is less than the maximum temperature 29°C in Jaipur.

(iv) Mumbai has the least difference between its minimum and maximum temperatures i.e. 32°C – 27°C = 5°C

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Ex 3.4

• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.1 
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.2
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.3
• Class 7 Maths Data Handling Exercise 3.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 3 Data Handling Exercise 3.4
Ex 3.4 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Tell whether the following situations are certain to happen, impossible to happen, can happen but not certain.
(i) You are older today than yesterday.
(ii) A tossed coin will land heads up.
(iii) A dice when tossed shall land up with 8 on top.
(iv) The next traffic light seen will be green.
(v) Tomorrow will be a cloudy day.
Solution:

Ex 3.4 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
There are 6 marbles in a box with numbers from 1 to 6 marked on each of them.
(i) What is the probability of drawing a marble with number 2?
(ii) What is the probability of drawing a marble with number 5?
Solution:
(i) Total number of marbles marked with the number from 1 to 6 = 6
∴ n(S) = 6
Number of marble marked with 2=1
∴ n(E) = 1
∴ Required probability =

(ii) Number of marble marked with 5 = 1
∴ n(E) = 1
∴ Required probability =

Ex 3.4 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
A coin is flipped to decide which team starts the game. What is the probability that your team will start?
Solution:
Coin has 2 faces—Head (H) and Tail (T)
∴ Sample space S(n) = 2
Number of successful event n(E) = 1
∴ Required probability =

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8

Here we have provided Updated NCERT Solutions for Class 8 for 2019 CBSE Board Exams. NCERT Solutions clear your concepts to the core ensuring to stay with you in the long run. These are created by experts in accordance with the CBSE curriculum. You can find 100% accurate step-by-step solutions for every question in all the latest NCERT books. Practice with these daily to perform better in boards.

• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English It So Happened
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Honeydew
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi
• NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Sanskrit

CBSE Class 8 study materials by LearnCBSE are the best materials to prepare for the final exams. The materials here are provided here for free in PDF format, for all the students. These materials can be easily downloaded and accessed offline as well. Our subject experts and experienced teachers have prepared these materials keeping in mind the latest syllabus(2019-20). Using these materials the students will find it easy to prepare for the exams and score excellent marks. The important materials provided here for Maths, Science, Social Science, English and Hindi subjects are syllabus as per CBSE, solutions for NCERT textbooks, sample papers, previous year question papers, important questions and revision notes.

Students of 8th standard can always use these materials as per their need. Revision notes will help them to have a quick look on all the important concepts, whereas the solutions will give them the best methods to answer the questions in an easier and quicker way. Students can also make use of last year question papers to get an idea of question pattern and practice more questions using sample papers to get an excel on topics.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science are given for the students so that they can get to know the in text question and chapter end question answers in case they are not able to find it. It is important for all the students who are in Class 9th currently. Here we are providing the solutions to all the chapters of Class 9 Science Textbook for the students. They can refer to these Class 9 Physics, Chemistry and Biology Solutions while they are solving the questions from the Science Book.

The students who are in class 9th and have the NCERT Science Books can check this page to know the answers for all the chapters of Science book. They need to ensure that they are checking the solutions for the chapter which they intend to check.

Important Questions For Class 9 Science

Importance of the Class 9 Physics, Chemistry, Biology NCERT Solutions

The NCERT Class 9 Science Textbook Solutions are important for the students to get good marks in their exams. Through these, they can get solutions to those questions on which they get stuck. These are the valid solutions and students can check these whenever they face any confusion in the questions.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 9 Rational Numbers Ex 9.2

• Class 7 Maths Rational Numbers Exercise 9.1 
• Class 7 Maths Rational Numbers Exercise 9.2

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 9 Rational Numbers Exercise 9.2
Ex 9.2 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Find the sum:

Solution.

Ex 9.2 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Find:

Solution:

Ex 9.2 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Find the product:

Solution:

Ex 9.2 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
Find the value of:

Solution:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Ex 11.2

• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.1 
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.2
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.3
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.2
Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Find the area of each of the following parallelograms:

Solution:
(a) Area of the parallelogram
= base × altitude = 7 cm × 4 cm
= 28 cm²
(b) Area of the parallelogram
= base × altitude = 5 cm × 3 cm
= 15 cm²
(c) Area of the parallelogram
= base × altitude = 2.5 cm × 3.5 cm
= 8.75 cm²
(d) Area of the parallelogram
= base × altitude = 5 cm × 4.8 cm
= 24.0 cm²
(e) Area of the parallelogram
= base × altitude = 2 cm × 4.4 cm
= 8.8 cm²

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Find the area of each of the following triangles:


Solution:
Area of the triangle = × b × h
= × 4 cm × 3 cm
= 6m²

(b) Area of the triangle = × b × h
= × 5 cm × 3.2 cm
= 8.0 cm²

(c) Area of the triangle = × b × l
= × 3 cm × 4 cm
= 6 cm²

(d) Area of the triangle = × b × h
= × 3 cm × 2 cm
= 3 cm²

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Find the missing values:

Solution:
(a) Area of the parallelogram =b × h
246 = 20 × h

(b) Area of the parallelogram = b × h
154.5 = b × 15

(c) Area of the parallelogram = b × h
48.72 = b × 8.4

(d) Area of the parallelogram = b × h
16.38 = 15.6 × h

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
Find the missing values:

Solution:
(i) Area of the triangle = × b × h

So, the height =11.6 cm

(ii) Area of the triangle = × b × h

So, the required base = 80 mm.

(iii) Area of the triangle = × b × h

So, the required height = 15.5 cm

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
PQRS is a parallelogram. QM is the height of Q to SR and QN is the height from Q to PS. If SR = 12 cm and QM = 7.6 cm. Find:
(a) the area of the parallelogram PQRS
(b) QN, if PS = 8 cm

Solution:
(a) Area of the parallelogram PQRS
= SR × QM (∵ Area = Base × Height)
= 12 cm × 7.6 cm
= 91.2 cm²

(b) Area of the parallelogram PQRS

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
DL and BM are the heights on sides AB and AD respectively of parallelogram ABCD. If the area of the parallelogram is 1470 cm², AB = 35 cm and AD = 49 cm, find the length of BM and DL.

Solution:
Area of the parallelogram ABCD
= AB × DL
⇒ 1470 cm² = 35 cm × DL
⇒ DL
∴ DL = 42 cm
Area of the parallelogram ABCD = AD × BM
1470 cm² = 49 cm × BM
⇒ = 30 cm
∴ BM = 30 cm
Hence, BM = 30 cm and DL = 42 cm

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 7.
∆ABC is right angled at A. AD is perpendicular to BC. If AB = 5 cm, BC = 13 cm and AC = 12 cm, find the area of ∆ABC. Also find the length of AD.

Solution:
Area of right triangle ABC

Ex 11.2 Class 7 Maths Question 8.
∆ABC is isosceles with AB = AC = 7.5 cm and BC = 9 cm. The height AD from A to BC, is 6 cm. Find the area of ∆ABC. What will be the height from C to AB i.e., CE?

Solution:
Area of ∆ABC = × base × height

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Ex 11.3

• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.1 
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.2
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.3
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.3
Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Find the circumference of the circles with the following radius. (Take π =)
(a) 14 cm
(b) 28 mm
(c) 21 cm
Solution:
(a) Given: Radius (r) = 14 cm
∴ Circumference = 2πr = 2 × × 14
= 88 cm
(b) Given: Radius (r) = 28 mm
∴ Circumference = 2πr = 2 × × 28
= 176 mm
(c) Given: Radius (r) = 21 cm
∴ Circumference = 2πr = 2 × × 21
= 132 cm

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Find the area of the following circles, given that (Take π =)
(a) radius = 14 mm
(b) diameter = 49 m
(c) radius = 5 cm
Solution:
(a) Here, r = 14 mm
∴ Area of the circle = πr²
= π × 14 × 14 = × 14 × 14
(b) Here, diameter = 49 m 49

(c) Here, radius = 5 cm

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
If the circumference of a circular sheet is 154 m, find its radius. Also find the area of the sheet. (Take π =)
Solution:
Given: Circumference = 154 m
∴ 2πr = 154

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
A gardener wants to fence a circular garden of diameter 21 m. Find the length of the rope he needs to purchase, if he makes 2 rounds offence. Also find the cost of the rope, if it costs ₹ 4 per metre. (Take π =)

Solution:
Diameter of the circular garden = 21 m
∴ Radius = m
∴ Circumference = 2πr =
= 66 m
Length of rope needed for 2 rounds
= 2 × 66 m = 132 m
Cost of the rope = ₹4 × 132 = ₹ 528

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
From a circular sheet of radius 4 cm, a circle of radius 3 cm is removed. Find the area of the remaining sheet. (Take π = 3.14)
Solution:
Radius of the circular sheet = 4 cm
∴ Area = πr² = π × 4 × 4 = 16π cm²
Radius of the circle to be removed = 3 cm
∴ Area of sheet removed = πr² = 9π cm²
Area of the remaining sheet
= (16π – 9π) cm2 = 7π cm²
= 7 × 3.14 cm² = 21.98 cm²
Hence, the required area = 21.98 cm².

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
Saima wants to put a lace on the edge of a circular table cover of diameter 1.5 m. Find the length of the lace required and also find its cost if one metre of the lace costs ₹ 15. (Take π = 3.14)
Solution:
Diameter of the table cover = 1.5 m
∴ Radius = = 0.75 m
∴ Length of the lace = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 0.75
= 4.710 m
Cost of the lace = ₹ 15 × 4.710 = ₹ 70.65

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 7.
Find the perimeter of the given figure, which is a semicircle including its diameter.

Solution:
Given: Diameter = 10 cm

Hence, the required perimeter
= 25.7 cm. (approx.)

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 8.
Find the cost of polishing a circular table-top of diameter 1.6 m, if the rate of polishing is ₹ 15 m². (Take π = 3.14)
Solution:
Given:
Diameter = 1.6 m
∴ Radius = = 0.8 m
Area of the table-top = πr²
= 3.14 × 0.8 × 0.8 m²
= 2.0096 m²
∴ Cost of polishing = ₹ 15 × 2.0096
= ₹ 30.14 (approx.)

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 9.
Shazli took a wire of length 44 cm and bent it into the shape of a circle. Find the radius of that circle. Also find its area. If the same wire is bent into the shape of a square, what will be the length of each of its sides? Which figure encloses more area, the circle or the square? (Take π =)
Solution:
Length of the wire to be bent into a circle = 44 cm
2πr = 44

Now, the length of the wire is bent into a square.
Here perimeter of square
= Circumference of line k
Length of each side of the square

Area of the square = (Side)² = (11)² = 121 cm²
Since, 154 cm² >121 cm²
Thus, the circle encloses more area.

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 10.
From a circular card sheet of radius 14 cm, two circles of radius 3.5 cm and a rectangle of length 3 cm and breadth 1 cm are removed, (as shown in the given figure below). Find the area of the remaining sheet. (Take π = )

Solution:
Radius of the circular sheet = 14 cm
∴ Area = πr² = × 14 × 14 cm²
= 616 cm²
Area of 2 small circles = 2 × πr²
= 2 × × 3.5 × 3.5 cm²
= 77.0 cm²
Area of the rectangle = l × b
= 3 × 1 cm² = 3 cm²
Area of the remaining sheet after removing the 2 circles and 1 rectangle
= 616 cm² – (77 + 3) cm²
= 616 cm² – 80 cm² = 536 cm²

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 11.
A circle of radius 2 cm is cut out from a square piece of an aluminium sheet of side 6 cm. What is the area of the left over aluminium sheet? (Take π = 3.14)
Solution:
Side os the square sheet = 6 m
∴ Area of the sheet = (Side)² = (6)² = 36 cm²
Radius of the circle = 2 cm
∴ Area of the circle to be cut out = πr²
=
Area of the left over sheet

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 12.
The circumference of a circle is 31.4 cm. Find the radius and the area of the circle. (Take π = 3.14)
Solution:
Circumference of the circle = 31.4 cm
2πr = 31.4
∴ = 5cm
Area of the circle = 7πr² = 3.14 × 5 × 5 = 78.5 cm²
Hence, the required radius = 5 cm and area = 78.5 cm².

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 13.
A circular flower bed is surrounded by a path 4 m wide. The diameter of the flower bed is 66 m. What is the area of this path? (Take π = 3.14)

Solution:
Diameter of the flower bed = 66 m .
∴ Radius = = 33 m
Let r₁ = 33 m
Width of the path = 4 m
Radius of the flower bed included path
= 33 m + 4 m = 37m
Let r₂ = 37m
Area of the circular path =
= 3.14 (37²– 33²)
= 3.14 × (37 + 33) (37 – 33) [Y a² – b² = (a + b)(a-b)]
= 3.14 × 70 × 4 = 879.20 m²
Hence, the required area = 879.20 m²

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 14.
A circular flower garden has an area of 314 m². A sprinkler at the centre of the garden can cover an area that has a radius of 12 m. Will the sprinkler can water the entire garden?
[Take π = 3.14]
Solution:
Area of the flower garden = 314 m²
Radius of the circular portion covered by the sprinkler = 12 m
∴ Area = 7πr² = 3.14 × 12 × 12
= 3.14 × 144 m² = 452.16 m²
Since 452.16 m² > 314 m²
Yes, the sprinkler will water the entire garden.

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 15.
Find the circumference of the inner and the outer circles, shown in the given figure. (Take π = 3.14)

Solution:
Radius of the outer circle = 19 m
∴ Circumference of the outer circle = 2πr
= 2 × 3.14 × 19 = 3.14 × 38 m
= 119.32 m
Radius of the inner circle
= 19m – 10m = 9m
∴ Circumference = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 9
= 56.52 m
Here the required circumferences are 56.52 m and 119.32 m.

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 16.
How many times a wheel of radius 28 cm must rotate to go 352 m? (Take π = )
Solution:
Radius of the wheel = 28 cm
∴ Circumference = 2πr = 2 × × 28 = 176 cm
Number of rotations made by the wheel in going 352 m or 35200 cm

Hence, the required number of rotation = 200.

Ex 11.3 Class 7 Maths Question 17.
The minute hand of a circular clock is 15 cm long. How far does the tip of the minute hand move in 1 hour? (Take π = 3.14)
Solution:
Length of minute hand = 15 cm
∴ Radius = 15 cm
Circumference = 2πr
= 2 × 3.14 × 15 cm = 94.2 cm
Since the minute hand covers the distance in 1 hour equal to the circumference of the circle. Here the required distance covered by the minute hand = 94.2 cm.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Ex 11.4

• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.1 
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.2
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.3
• Class 7 Maths Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Exercise 11.4
Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
A garden is 90 m long and 75 m broad. A path 5 m wide is to be built outside and around it. Find the area of the path. Also find the area of the garden in hectare.
Solution:

Given: Length = 90 m
Breadth = 75 m
Area of the garden = l × b
= 90 m × 75 m = 6750 m²
Length of the garden including path
= 90m + 5m + 5m = 100 m
Breadth of the garden including path
= 75m + 5m + 5m = 85m
Area of the garden including path
= l × b
= 100 m × 85 m = 8500 m²
Area of the path = 8500 m² – 6750 m² = 1750 m²
Hence, required area of path = 1750 m² and area of the garden = 6750 m² = 0.675 ha

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
A 3 m wide path runs outside and around a rectangular park of length 125 m and breadth 65 m. Find the area of the path.
Solution:
Length of the park = 125 m
Breadth of the park = 65 m
Area of the park = l × b
= 125 m × 65 m = 8125 m²

Length of the park including path
= 125 m + 3m + 3m = 131 m
Breadth of the park including path
= 65m + 3m + 3m = 71m
Area of the park including path
= 131 m × 71 m = 9301 m²
∴ Area of the path
= 9301 m² – 8125 m² = 1176 m²
Hence, the required area = 1176 m².

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
A picture is painted on a cardboard 8 cm long and 5 cm wide such that there is a margin of 1. 5 cm along each of its sides. Find the total area of the margin.
Solution:

Length = 8 cm, breadth = 5 cm
Area of the cardboard = l × b
= 8 cm × 5 cm = 40 cm²
Width of the margin = 1.5 cm
Length of the inner cardboard
= 8 cm – 1.5 × 2 cm
= 8 cm – 3 cm = 5 cm
Breadth of the inner cardboard
= 5 cm – 1.5 × 2 cm
= 5 cm – 3 cm = 2 cm
Area of the inner rectangle = l × b
= 5 cm × 2 cm = 10 cm² Area of the margin
= 40 cm² – 10 cm² = 30 cm²
Hence, the required area = 30 cm².

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
A verandah of width 2.25 m is constructed all along outside a room which is 5.5 m long and 4 m wide. Find:
(i) the area of the verandah.
(ii) the cost of cementing the floor of the verandah at the rate of ₹ 200 per m².
Solution:

Length of the room = 5.5 m
Breadth of the room = 4 m
∴ Area of the room = l × b = 5.5 m × 4 m = 22 m²
Width of the verandah = 2.25 m
Length of the room including verandah
= 5.5 m + 2 × 2.25 m = 10 m
Breadth of the room including verandah
= 4 m + 2 × 2.25 m = 8.50 m²
Area of the room including verandah = l × b
= 10 m × 8.50 m = 85 m²
(i) Area of the verandah = 85 m² – 22 m²
= 63 m²
(ii) Cost of cementing the floor of the verandah = ₹ 63 × 200 = ₹12600

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
A path 1 m wide is built along the border and inside a square garden of side 30 m. Find:
(i) the area of the path.
(ii) the cost of planting grass in the remaining portion of the garden at the rate of ₹ 40 per m².
Solution:

Area of the square garden = (Side)²
= 30 m × 30 m = 900 m²
Length of the garden excluding the path = 30 m – 2 × 1 m = 28 m
∴ Area of the garden excluding the path = 28 m × 28 m = 784 m²
(i) Area of the path = 900 m² – 784 m²
= 116 m²
(ii) Cost of the planting the remaining portion at the rate of ₹ 40 per m²
= ₹ 40 × 784 = ₹ 31,360

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 6.
Two cross roads, each of width 10 m, cut a right angles through the centre of a rectangular park of length 700 m and breadth 300 m and parallel to its sides. Find the area of the roads. Also find the area of the park excluding cross roads. Give the answer in hectares.
Solution:

Length of the road parallel to the length of the park = 700 m
Width of the road = 10 m
∴ Area of the road = l × b = 700 m × 10 m = 7000 m²
Length of the road parallel to the breadth of the park = 300 m
Width of the road = 10 m Area of this road = l × b = 300 m × 10 = 3000 m²
Area of the both roads
= 7000 m² + 3000 m² – Area of the common portion
= 10,000 m² – 10 m × 10 m
= 10,000 m² – 100 m²
= 9900 m² = 0.99 ha
Area of the park = l × b
= 700 m × 300 m = 210000 m²
Area of the park excluding the roads
= 210000 m² – 9900 m²
= 200100 m² = 20.01 ha

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 7.
Through a rectangular field of length 90 m and breadth 60 m, two roads are constructed which are parallel to the sides and cut each other at right angles through the centre of the fields. If the width of each road is 3 m, find
(i) the area covered by the roads.
(ii) the cost of constructing the roads at of the rate of ₹ 110 per m².
Solution:

Length of the road along the length of the field = 90 m
Breadth = 3 m
∴ Area of this road = l × b
= 90 m × 3 m = 270 m²
Similarly, the area of the road parallel to the breadth of the field = l × b
= 60 m × 3 m = 180 m² Area of the common portion
= 3m × 3m = 9m²
(i) Area of the two roads
= 270 m² + 180 m² – 9 m²
= 450 m² – 9 m² = 441 m²
(ii) Cost of constructing the roads
= ₹ 110 × 441 = ₹ 48,510

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 8.
Pragya wrapped a card around a circular pipe of radius 4 cm and cut off the length required of the cord. Then she wrapped it around a square box of side 4 cm (also shown). Did she have any cord left? (π = 3.14)

Solution:
Length of the cord = Circumference of the circular pipe
= 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 4 = 25.12 cm
Perimeter of the square box
= 4 × side = 4 × 4 cm = 16 cm
Length of the cord left
= 25.12 cm – 16 cm = 9.12 cm
Yes, 9.12 cm cord is left.

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 9.
The given figure represents a rectangular lawn with a circular flower bed in the middle. Find:
(i) the area of the whole land.
(ii) the area of the flower bed.
(iii) the area of the lawn excluding the area of the flower bed.
(iv) the circumference of the flower bed.

Solution:
(i) Length of the lawn = 10 m
Breadth of the lawn = 5 m
Area of the lawn = l × b
= 10 m × 5 m = 50 m²
(ii) Area of the circular flower bed = πr²

(iii) Area of the lawn excluding the area of the flower bed

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 10.
In the following figures, find the area of the shaded portion.

Solution:
(i) Area of the rectangle = l × b
= 18 cm × (6 cm + 4 cm)
= 18 cm × 10 cm = 180 cm²
Area of right triangle

Area of right ∆BCE = × b × h
= × 8 × 10 =40 cm²
Area of the two right triangles
= 30 cm² + 40 cm² = 70 cm²
Area of the shaded portion
= 180 cm² – 70 cm² = 110 cm²
(ii) Area of the square PQRS = (Side)²
= (20)² = 400 cm²

Area of the three triangles
= 50 cm² + 100 cm² + 100 cm² = 250 cm²
Area of the shaded portion
= 400 cm² – 250 cm² = 150 cm²

Ex 11.4 Class 7 Maths Question 11.
Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD. Here, AC = 22 cm, BM = 3 cm, DN = 3 cm, and BM ⊥ AC, DN ⊥ AC.

Solution:

Area of the quadrilateral ABCD
= Area of ∆ABC + Area of ∆ADC
= 33 cm² + 33 cm² = 66 cm²
Hence, the required area = 66 cm².

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Food Where Does It Come From Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1

NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Food Variety

Question 1.
Define the term food.
Answer:
Eatables taken by human beings and animals which provide them energy for various activities, for growth and good health, are called food.

Question 2.
What do you mean by food habit?
Answer:
The habit of an individual owing to which it takes a particular type of food depending on its taste and availability is called food habit.

Question 3.
Define the term ingredients.
Answer:
The materials that are needed to prepare a particular type of dish are called ingredients.

Question 4.
Explain the importance of food for living organisms.
Answer:
Food is needed by all living organisms for the following reasons:

• It provides us energy to do various activities.
• It helps in growth.
• It helps in repair and replacement of damaged parts of the body.
• It protects us from infections and diseases.

Question 5.
Whether plants or animals give us more varieties of food? Explain.
Answer:
We know that animals give us meat, eggs, milk, honey and few other varieties of food only. On the other hand, plants provide us a large varieties of food. For example, cereals, pulses, fruits, oil, fats, vegetables, sugar and a large number of other products. Thus, we can conclude that plants give us more varieties of food.

Question 6.
Why should we eat cooked food?
Answer:
Cooked food is easily digested by our body. It also kills harmful germs. Cooking increases the taste of the food. That is why we should prefer cooked food.

Question 7.
Write the food habits of the people in Tamil Nadu and Punjab.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu: Idli, Dosa, Sambhar, Banana Chips, Coconut oil, etc.
Punjab: Lassi, Paratha, Pulses, Chapatis, etc.

Activity 1.
Ask your friends in the school about the items they would be eating during a day. See if you can also get this information from friends staying in different states of India.
List all the items in your notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as many friends as possible.

Activity 2.
Choose some of the items you listed in Table 1.1 and try to find out what ingredients are used to prepare these, by discussing with your friends and elders at home. List them in Table 1.2. Some examples are given here. Add some more items to this list.

Food Materials and Sources

Question 1.
Name the animals which provide us milk.
Answer:
Some important animals that give us milk are cow, buffalo, goat and camel.

Question 2.
Name the animals which give us meat.
Answer:
Some important meat giving animals are goat, sheep and pig.

Question 3.
Name some other animals that give us food.
Answer:
Besides milk and meat, animals give us useful food products. For example:

• Birds like chicken, fowl and ducks give us eggs and meat.
• Fish provides us meat.
• Bees provide us honey.

Question 4.
What are the two main sources of food?
Answer:
The two main sources of food are:

1. Plants: We get fruits, vegetables, pulses, etc., from plants.
2. Animals: We get milk, eggs, meat, etc., from animals.

Question 5.
Name two sugar producing plants.
Answer:
The two sugar producing plants are:

1. Sugarcane.
2. Sugar beet.

Activity 3.
Let us take the food items listed earlier and try to find out where they come from— the ingredients and their sources. Some examples are shown in Table 1.3. Fill in the blanks in Table 1.3 and add more examples to this list.

Table 1.3: Ingredients used to prepare food items and their sources

Plant Parts and Animal Products as Food

Question 1.
Write the names of the plants that provide us:

1. Vegetables
2. Fruits
3. Cereals or grains
4. Pulses
5. Oil or fat.

Answer:
Various types of food given by plants are as follows:

1. Vegetables: Tomato, cabbage, spinach, potato, etc.
2. Fruits: Banana, grapes, apple, etc.
3. Cereals or grains: Rice, wheat, barley, ragi, etc.
4. Pulses: Gram, pea, beans, etc.
5. Oil or fat: Mustard, groundnut, sunflower, etc.

Question 2.

1. Which part of the plants do we eat generally?
2. Write the names of some more edible parts of the plants.

Answer:

1. Generally we eat fruits of many plants.
2. Besides fruits, we also eat flowers, leaves, roots, rhizomes and stem of some plants. Various edible parts of plants with some examples are listed below:

Question 3.
Name some plants which have two or more edible parts.
Answer:
Examples of plants having two edible parts, and the food obtained are given below:

Question 4.
What is honey? What is its importance?
Answer:
A sweet substance (liquid) prepared by bees from the nectar, i.e., sweet juice collected from flowers, is called honey.
Honey consists of water, sugar, minerals and enzymes. It is easily digestible, and used in medicines as an antiseptic (which destroys the growth of microorganisms).

Question 5.
From where does honey come? How is it produced and collected?
Answer:
We get honey from honey bees.
Production of honey: Honey bees develop their nests called hives on tall trees and buildings. (Fig. 1.2). Bee workers collect nectar from flowers and store in container. The honey bees are also reared in artificial hives.
Extraction of honey: Honey is extracted from bee hives either manually or with the of an artificial help extractor.

Question 6.
We know that every item that we eat is contributed by a number of persons. Show various contributors involved when we eat a chapati (through a flow chart).
Answer:

Question 7.
Make flow charts for the preparation of (a) ghee (b) honey.
Answer:
(a)

(b)

Question 8.
Which parts of a plant are eaten as food?
Answer:
The following parts of a plant are eaten as food:

• Roots
• Stem
• Leaves
• Flowers
• Fruits
• Seeds
• Spices

Question 9.
Define sprouted seeds.
Answer:
The germinating seeds at the initial stage when a white structure grows out from the seed (radicle) are called sprouted seeds.

Activity 4.
From all the food items you have listed in Table 1.3, choose those items whose ingredients are obtained from plants. Which part of a plant? Identify these and list the food items and plant parts as shown in Table 1.4.

What do Animals Eat?

Question 1.
Explain the terms:

1. Herbivores,
2. Carnivores and
3. Omnivores.

1. Herbivores: Animals which eat only the plants or the plant products like fruits, flowers, seeds, nectar, etc., are called herbivores. For example, deer, cow, rat, etc.

2. Carnivores: Animals which eat other animals are called carnivores. For example, tiger, lion, etc.

3. Omnivores: Animals which eat both plants and their products as well as other animals are called omnivores. For example, human beings, cat, crow, etc.

Question 2.
What do you know about vegetarian and non-vegetarian habits?
Answer:
Man is omnivorous, i.e., he can feed on both plants and animals. But due to some religious or traditional reasons some people strictly avoid the food containing meat, fish, egg, etc., while some have no hesitation to have such food stuffs. On this basis, there are two types of food habits found in our society:

• Vegetarian – people who do not eat meat, fish, egg, etc.
• Non-vegetarian – people who eat meat, fish, egg, etc.

Question 3.
Define Scavengers, Parasites with examples.
Answer:
Scavengers: Some carnivores and omnivores eat dead animals. They help in cleaning our surroundings. For example: crow, jackel, hyena, etc.

Parasites: These are some very small animals which live on or inside other animals and get their food from them. For example: fleas, leeches, mosquitoes, bed-bugs, etc.

Question 4.
What are known as ‘energy rich food’?
Answer:
Cereals are known as ‘energy rich food’. For example: rice, wheat, jowar, maize, etc.

Question 5.
One day you were busy from morning to evening. You couldn’t have your lunch. How did you feel? Elaborate your experience.
Answer:
One day because of heavy load of work during the day, I could not have my lunch and at the end of the day, I felt very tired, and exhausted. I was too weak to do work. The hunger was in alarming condition.

Question 6.
Suppose one of your friends had only one chapati, some rice and one bowl of pulses for his daily meal. Do you think that by eating such meal he can work and play whole day?
Answer:
No, his diet is not complete. This food is not enough to provide sufficient energy required by him. He will not be able to work and play for the whole day because he will soon get tired due to lack of energy.

Activity 6.
Several animals are listed in Table 1.5. For some of them, the type of food they eat is also given. Fill in the blanks in the table.
Table 1.5: Animal and their Food

Activity 7.
Have a look again at Table 1.5 and group the animals entered here as follows. Place animals which eat only plants or plant products.

• Buffalo, cow and butterfly.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(i) We feel …………….. when we have no food for some time.
(ii) ……………. living beings need food.
(iii) Children need food for ………………. .
(iv)If food is not given for long, most of the known living beings will ……………. .
(v) We get ……………… after eating food.
(vi) Different organisms eat …………….. kinds of food.
(vii) Mustard ………………….. are used as spices and oil.
(viii) We get food from ………………… as well as animals.
(ix) We use ……………… energy when we run than when we walk.
(x) We use ……………… energy when we sleep.
(xi) Each of us should make sure not to ……………… food.
(xii) Human beings are ……………. .
Answer:
Fill in the blanks:
(i) weak
(ii) All
(iii) growth
(iv) die
(v) energy
(vi) different
(vii) seeds
(viii) Plants
(ix) more
(x) less
(xi) waste
(xii) omnivore

Question 3.
State -whether the statements given below are True or False:

(i) Different people have different choices of food.
(ii) If a person does not get food he feels weak and is likely to fall ill.
(iii) Human beings, animals, birds, insects, etc. eat the same type of food.
(iv) There is no effect on our ability to do work even if we do not eat food for a day.
(v) Lion is omnivorous.
(vi) Plants give us more varieties of food than animals.
(vii)Cooked food can be easily consumed and absorbed by our body.
(viii) There is a range of food items eaten over various states of India.
(ix) For every item that we eat there are a number of persons who have contributed.
(x) Leaves absorb sunlight and prepare food using chlorophyll.

Answer:
(i)True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) True
(vii) True
(viii) True
(ix) True
(x) True

Question 4.

(i) Which part of a mustard plant is edible?
(a) Seeds and flowers
(b) Leaves and flowers
(c) Seeds and leaves
(d) Stem and roots
Answer:
(c) Seeds of mustard are used for oil and spices while leaves are used as
vegetables.

(ii) Honey bees are often seen sitting on flowers. Why do they do so?
(a) They like flowers
(b) They lay eggs on flowers
(c) They suck nectar from flowers
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Bees collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey.

(iii) Which one is the best for health?
(a) Boiled seeds
(b) Roasted seeds
(c) Wet swollen seeds
(d) Sprouted seeds
Answer:
(d) Sprouted seeds are the best for health.

(iv) Which one of the following set comprises only herbivorous animals?
(a) Cow, goat, rabbit, deer
(b) Cow, goat, rabbit, wolf
(c) Wolf, goat, rabbit, deer
(d) Cow, crow, crane, camel
Answer:
(a) Wolf and crow are not herbivorous.

(v) Animals which eat both plants and flesh of other animals are called
(a) herbivores
(b) carnivores
(c) omnivores
(d) sanguinivores
Answer:
(c) Animals which eat both plants and flesh of other animals are called omnivores.

(vi) Human beings are
(a) herbivores
(b) carnivores
(c) omnivores
(d) decomposers
Answer:
(c) Human beings eat herbs as well as meat and eggs.

(vii) Which one of the following sets is not correct?
(a) Cow, rabbit, deer, goat
(b) Tiger, lion, wolf, panther
(c) Bear, crow, cat
(d) Rabbit, deer, cat, wolf
Answer:
(d) All other sets have only one type of animals.

(viii) Which one is not a food for a squirrel?
(a) Grains
(b) Small insects
(c) Fruits
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Squirrel is a herbivorous animal.

(ix) Rearing and management of fishes in large scale is called
(a) agriculture
(b) apiculture
(c) pisciculture
(d) horticulture
Answer:
(c) Rearing and management of fishes is called pisciculture.

(x) Which of the following is a root vegetable ?
(a) Potato
(b) Carrot
(c) Cucumber
(d) Onion
Answer:
(b) Carrot is a root.

Extra Questions for Class 6 Science

The post Food Where Does It Come From Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 1 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Light Shadows and Reflection Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 11

NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Transparent Opaque And Transculent Objects

Question 1.
Define luminous body.
Answer:
The objects which emit light of their own are called luminous bodies, e.g., the sun, the stars, etc.

Question 2.
What are luminous and non-luminous objects?
Answer:
Luminous objects: Objects that give out or emit light of their own, e.g., sun, torch, light, bulbs, etc.
Non-luminous objects: Objects that do not give out light of their own, e.g., the moon, chair, shoe, pen, etc.

Question 3.
Define opaque objects with example.
Answer:
Those materials which do not allow light to pass through them, are called opaque objects. Examples wood, stone, etc.

Question 4.
What are translucent objects?
Answer:
Those objects which allow only a small part of the light rays to pass through them are called translucent objects. These are the objects through which one cannot see properly.

Question 5.
What are transparent objects?
Answer:
Those objects which allow light rays to pass through them completely are called transparent objects. One can see clearly through these objects.

Question 6.
Classify the following into transparent, opaque and translucent objects:
Wax, spectacles, a heap of salt, a stone, dense smoke, wood, skin, balloon, rubber, membrane of a tabla, blood and milk.
Answer:
Transparent objects are Spectacles.
Opaque objects are A stone, wood, a heap of salt, dense smoke, and membrane of tabla.
Translucent objects are Blood, milk, wax, skin, balloon, rubber.

Question 7.
Close your eyes while looking towards bright sunshine. Now, cover the eyes with your palm still keeping them closed. Do you notice any difference? On the basis of this experience, state whether your eyelids are transparent, translucent or opaque.
Answer:
On the basis of the experience, we observe our eyelids are opaque.

Question 8.
Sometimes, you are able to see the Sun or the Moon behind the clouds. What can you say about the ability of such clouds to transmit light? ‘
Answer:
We may say that clouds behave as translucent object.

Question 9.
How will you convert a transparent glass sheet into a translucent sheet? Suggest any two ways to do it.
Answer:

1. By smearing a thin layer of oil we may convert a transparent glass sheet into
   a translucent sheet.
2. By covering one side of the glass sheet by butter paper.

Question 10.
Name sources of light that are not hot.
Answer:
Tube light, jugnu.

Question 11.
List four natural sources of light.
Answer:

1. Sun
2. Stars
3. Fire
4. Jugnu (Firefly).

Question 12.
Write down four man-made sources of light.
Answer:

• Candle
• Oil lamp
• Electric bulb
• Torch.

Question 13.
Does the fire emit light?
Answer:
Yes, fire emits light.

Question 14.
On what factor does the proportion of light that enters an object depend?
Answer:
Optical nature of the object.

What Exactly Are Shadows?

Question 1.
What is an obstacle?
Answer:
An object which comes to the path of light is called an obstacle.

Question 2.
Give examples of two substances through which light does not pass?
Answer:
Wood and bricks are the substances through which light does not pass.

Question 3.
Whether a shadow is two-dimensional or three-dimensional?
Answer:
Shadow is not just the two-dimensional outline that you see on the ground. All the space behind the opaque object up to some distance behind it, seems to be filled with the shadow (See Fig. 11.2).

Question 4.
What do we need in order to see a shadow?
Answer:
We need

• a source of light,
• an opaque object in the way of light, and
• a screen;

Question 5.
Does the direction of shadow change during the day? Does the length of shadow also change from season to season?
Answer:
Yes, the direction of shadow changes as the sun changes its position during the day. The length of the shadow also changes from season to season.

Question 6.
What is a shadow? How is it formed? How does the colour of an opaque object affect the colour of the shadow?
Answer:
A shadow is a dark outline or image cast by an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source of light. It is formed when light hits the opaque object which does not let the light pass through. Everywhere else around the opaque object, the light continues in a straight path until it bounces off the ground or wall behind the object. The wall or ground behind the opaque object is the screen. On this screen is a dark patch, or shadow, with the same outline as the object surrounded by light. The colour of the opaque object does not affect the colour of the shadow that is formed.

Question 7.
What is the difference between image and shadow?
Answer:

Question 8.
Define screen.
Answer:
Screen is a surface on which images are formed.

Question 9.
What is umbra and penumbra?
Answer:
Umbra is the dark region behind object facing light which does not receive light at all.
Penumbra is the less dark part of shadow. It is the outer part of shadow.

Activity 4
Place a chair in the school ground on a sunny day. What do you observe from the shadow of the chair?
Does the shadow give an accurate picture of the shape of the chair? If the chair is turned around a little, how does the shape of the shadow change?

No, accurate shape of chair is not shown by the shadow. When turned around a little, the shape of the shadow will change because now different portions of the chair will obstruct light and make shadow.

Take a thin notebook and look at its shadow. Then, take a rectangular box and look at its shadow. Do the two shadows seem to have a similar shape?
Yes, the two shadows seem to have a similar shape.

Take flowers or other objects of different colours and look at their shadows. A red rose and a yellow rose, for instance. Do the shadows look different in colour, when the colours of the objects are different?
No, the shadows of the different coloured objects are not different.

Take a long box and look at its shadow on the ground. When you move the box around, you may see that the size of the shadow changes. When is the shadow of the box the shortest, when the long side of the box is pointed towards the Sun or when the short side is pointing towards the Sun?
Shadow of the box is the shortest when the short side is pinting towards the Sun.

A Pinhole Camera

Question 1.
Define pinhole camera.
Answer:
It is a device which forms a photograph like image of a bright object on a screen.

Question 2.
Can you think of a situation where we can see the path of the light?
Answer:
In a dark room, we can see with torch light which goes straight. Similarly, dust particles become visible when light enters the room through fine hole.
All these examples indicate that light travels in straight line.

Question 3.
Why is the image formed in a pinhole camera inverted?
Answer:
In a pinhole camera, image formed is inverted because the object is between radius of curvature and focus.

Question 4.
What is the path of light?
Answer:
Straight line.

Mirrors and Reflections

Question 1.
What is reflection?
Answer:
When a ray of light falls on a smooth and shiny surface, the whole of light is sent back in the same medium. It is called reflection. Mirrors do not allow even a small amount of light to pass through them. Mirrors show regular and complete reflection.

Question 2.
Define ‘Mirror’.
Answer:
A smooth shining surface, which rebounds the light back in same or in different direction is called a mirror.

Question 3.
Why is silvered glass used as a mirror?
Answer:
The silvered glass has a smooth surface and the smoothness helps in forming clear image. Silvering makes it shiny and the shiny surface helps in reducing the absorption.

Question 4.
What happens when light falls on a mirror?
Answer:
Mirror is silvered on one side, so it does not allow the light to pass through it. It reflects almost whole of the light falling on it.

Question 5.
What change in the path of light takes place when light falls on a shiny surface? What is this called?
Answer: The light comes back in the same plan when light falls on a shiny surface. This is known as reflection of light.

Question 6.
Why do we need a shiny surface for reflection?
Answer:
The extent of reflection depends upon the shine and smoothness of the surface. More is the shine and smoothness of the surface, more will be the reflection. That is why mirrors reflect most of the light falling on it. Hence, for reflection, shiny surfaces are required.

Question 7.
How are moon and planets visible to us, though they are not luminous?
Answer:
Because they reflect light from the sun.

Question 8.
What do you mean by scattering of light?
Answer:
When a beam of light falls on a rough surface, it is turned back in different directions, it is called scattering of light.

Question 9.
Why is the moon not considered as a luminous body?
Answer:
Moon is a non-luminous body because it shines by reflecting the sunlight falling
on it.

Activity 8.
Fix a comb on one side of a large thermocol sheet and fix a mirror on the other side as shown in the figure. Spread a dark-coloured sheet of paper between the mirror and the comb. Keep this in sunlight or send a beam of light from a torch through the comb.

What do you observe? Do you get a pattern similar to that shown in figure?

Fig. Light travelling in a straight line and getting reflected from a mirror
Light travels in straight line and gets reflected from the mirror. Yes, we get a pattern similar to that shown in the figure.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
(i) An object or material could be opaque, transparent, translucent or ………………..
(ii) This is a …………… on which the shadow is formed.
(iii) A …………….. is a dark outline of an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source.
(iv) Image formed by a pinhole camera is ………………..
(v) Image formed by a plane mirror is ……………..
(vi) In a plane mirror, our left hand looks like right hand. This phenomenon is called ………………………
(vii) ……………… objects cast no shadow.
(viii) Opaque objects cast …………………. shadows in morning and evening while ………………… shadows at noon.
(ix) Light travels in a …………..
(x) Shadow is ……………
Answers:
(i) luminous
(ii) screen
(iii) shadow
(iv) upside down
(v) erect
(vi) lateral inversion
(vii) Transparent
(viii) big, small
(ix) straight line
(x) three dimensional

Question 3.
State whether the statements given helow are True or False:
Answers:
(i) A torch bulb is a luminous object.
(ii) Light travels in a straight line.
(iii) Image formed by a plane mirror is inverted.
(iv) Light gets reflected when strikes a shiny surface.
(v) Transparent substances reflect all the light falling on them.
(vi) All the shining bodies in sky have their own light.
(vii) Jugnu (Firefly) is a living luminous body.
(viii) When screen is far away from the objects, the shadow will have no penumbra.
(ix) A reflected image gives us more information about the object than a shadow.
(x) In a mirror, if A is able to see B, B also can see A.
(xi) Objects around us seem to have different ways in which they interact with light.
Answers:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) True
(viii) False
(xi) True

Question 4.
Choose the correct option in the following questions:

(i) Light travels in
(a) straight line
(b) curved line
(c) zig-zag line
(d) randomly
Answer:
Light travels in straight line.

(ii) When an opaque object comes in the path of light it forms
(a) an image with colours
(b) shadow
(c) black and white image
(d) depends on the colour of the light
Answer:
A shadow is formed when an opaque object comes in the way of light.

(iii) Which types of objects do not allow light to pass through them?
(a) Translucent
(b) Opaque
(c) Transparent
(d) Penumbra
Answer:
Opaque objects do not allow the light to pass through them while translucent objects allow only a part of light to pass through them.

(iv) Which is an example of a translucent object?
(a) A thin sheet of paper
(b) A thin glass slab
(c) A thin iron sheet
(d) All of these
Answer:
A thin sheet of paper is transparent.

(v) Bouncing back of light from shining surfaces is called
(a) Reflection
(b) Refraction
(c) Bending
(d) Dispersion
Answer:
When a ray of light falls on a smooth and polished surface, whole of light is returned back in the same medium. It is called reflection of light.

(vi) What is lateral inversion?
(a) Image becomes inverted
(b) Image bends laterally
(c) Right of the object appears left of the image
(d) All of these happen
Answer:
Right side of the object appears as left side in the image formed by a plane mirror.

(vii) Which letters of English alphabet will not show lateral inversion?
(a) I, O, U
(b) N, Z, X
(c) I, X, E
(d) A, E, I
Answer:
I, O, U will not show lateral inversion.

(viii) Which is a device to image the sun?
(a) Plane mirror
(b) Pinhole camera
(c) A straight pipe
(d) Glass slab
Answer:
Sun can be imaged by using a pinhole camera.

(ix) Which of the following is a cold source of light?
(a) Firefly (Jugnu)
(b) Tube light
(c) The sun
(d) Electric bulb
Answer:
Firefly (Jugnu) emits short bursts of light.

(x) Out of these, which one is not a man-made luminous body?
(a) Electric bulb
(b) Burning candle
(c) Firefly (Jugnu)
(d) Oil lamp
Answer:
Firefly (Jugnu) is a natural luminous body.

Extra Questions for Class 6 Science

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Components of Food Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 2

NCERT Extra Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components of Food

What do different food items contain?

Question 1.
What are nutrients?
Answer:
The components of food that are necessary for growth and development of our body are called nutrients.

Question 2.
Which are the nutrients essential for our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water are the nutrients essential for our body.

Question 3.
What is nutrition?
Answer:
The process of taking nutrients from our food for the growth and development of body and to obtain energy is known as nutrition.

Question 4.
Write the functions of food.
Answer:
The functions of food are as follows:

• Food provides nutrients for proper growth and functioning of the body.
• Food gives protection against diseases.
• Food provides energy to carry out physical activities.

Question 5.
Why does our body need nutritious food?
Answer:
We know that food is needed for the growth of our body. Food gives us energy to work and play. It gives us resistance against diseases. The components of food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water. Nutrients are the components of food that the body needs in adequate amounts for growth, to reproduce and to lead a normal healthy life. All types of nutrients have their own functions to perform, but the different nutrients must act together. So nutritious food provides energy for all the activities of body.

Question 6.
Name the different food groups.
Answer:
Food can be broadly sub-divided into the following three groups:

• Energy giving food. For example, carbohydrates and fats.
• Body building food. For example, proteins.
• Protective food. For example, vitamins and minerals.

Question 7.
How will you test for starch in a food sample?
Answer:
Take a small quantity of a food sample, put 2-3 drops of iodine solution on it. A blue black colour indicates that the food sample contains starch.

Question 8.
How will you test for protein in a food sample?
Answer:
Take a small quantity of food sample in a test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and shake the test tube, after that add two drops of solution of copper sulphate and ten drops of caustic soda. A violet colour indicates presence of protein in the food sample.

Question 9.
How will you test for fat in a food sample?
Answer:
Put the sample of food on a piece of paper and crush it. If the paper at that spot becomes translucent and greasy, the sample contains fat.

Question 10.
What are the main carbohydrates found in our food?
Answer:
The main carbohydrates found in our food are in the form of starch and sugars.

Question 11.
Name two energy-producing nutrients.
Answer:
The two energy-producing nutrients are:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats.

Question 12.
Name two nutrients which protect the body from diseases.
Answer:
The two nutrients which protect the body from diseases are:

(i) Vitamins
(ii) Minerals.

Question 13.
Name two food items which provide fats.
Answer:
The two food items which provide fats are:

1. Oil
2. Ghee.

What do various nutrients do for our body?

Question 1.
Name the food each rich in:

1. dietary fibre
2. sugar
3. protein
4. starch
5. fat and oil.

Answer:

1. Dietary fibre: Spinach, cabbage, ladyfinger.
2. Sugar: Milk, banana, sugarcane.
3. Protein: Milk, meat, fish, egg.
4. Starch: Rice, wheat, bajara.
5. Fat and oil: Butter, ghee, cheese, groundnut. .

Question 2.
Name the food needed:

1. for strong bones and teeth
2. to prevent scurvy
3. to avoid constipation
4. for warmth
5. for growth.

Answer:

1. The bones and teeth are made up of salts of calcium and phosphorus. Calcium is found in milk, buttermilk, cheese, green leafy vegetables, ragi. While cereals, pulses, fish and meat are good sources of phosphorus.
2. To prevent scurvy, vitamin C is required, which is found in citrus fruits, green and red peppers.
3. To avoid constipation, roughage is very important. Roughage is mostly given by the food derived from plants, which contains enough cellulose. Most of the vegetables, fruits and whole grain provide roughage in our food.
4. For warmth: ghee, butter, meat, fish, etc.
5. For growth: milk, green leafy vegetables.

Question 3.
What are the roles of

1. (a) carbohydrates,
2. (bt fats,
3. fc) vitamins and
4. id) minerals.

Answer:

1. Role of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide us energy.
2.Role of fats: Fats provide us energy.
3. Role of vitamins:

• Vitamins are necessary for various physiological activities.
• Vitamins keep us healthy and protect us from many diseases.
• Vitamins are required for the proper functioning of body parts.

4. Role of minerals:

• Minerals help us to make our bones and teeth strong.
• They help to prepare blood.

Question 4.
What do you mean by staple food?
Answer:
The main food that we eat to provide us energy is called staple food. In our country, rice, chapati and bread are staple food.

Question 5.
What is the function of vitamins?
Answer:
Vitamins only help in the proper utilization of other nutrients such as carbohydrates and fats. Many vitamins help enzymes in their action and are called co-enzymes.

Question 6.
Name any two sources of Vitamin B.
Answer:
The two sources of Vitamin B are:

1. Milk
2. Soybean.

Question 7.
Name the vitamin present in orange.
Answer:
Vitamin C.

Question 8.
What is the role of Vitamin C?
Answer:
Vitamin C helps in proper growth, healthy teeth, gums and joints and helps the body fight against the diseases.

Question 9.
Write the names of fat soluble vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamin A and Vitamin D.

Question 10.
Write the names of any two water soluble vitamins.
Answer:
The two water soluble vitamins are:

1. Vitamin B
2. Vitamin C.

Question 11.
Write the sources of fat.
Answer:
ats are found in vegetable oil, ghee, butter, milk, cheese, meat, fish, cod-liver oil, etc.

Question 12.
What are the sources of carbohydrates?
Answer:
Rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, sugar and jaggery are the sources of carbohydrates.

Question 13.
What is roughage? Why its presence in our food is important?
Answer:
The rough, fibrous content of food is called roughage. Green vegetables like spinach, cabbage, ladyfinger and beans contain a good amount of roughage:
Role of roughage: Roughage helps in the movement of bowel. Roughage prevents constipation.

Question 14.
Name the main constituent of roughage.
Answer:
Cellulose is the main constituent of roughage.

Question 15.
Which among the following provides maximum roughage to the diet if taken in equal amount?
Egg, cucumber, grapes, cabbage.
Answer:
Cabbage.

Question 16.
Name the minerals which make our teeth and bones.
Answer:
Calcium and Phosphorus.

Question 17.
What are various functions of proteins?
Answer:
Functions of proteins are:

• Proteins are the building materials of our body.
• Proteins are the constituents of enzymes.
• Proteins make our muscles, skin, hair and nails.
• Proteins form a red pigment in blood which acts as an oxygen carrier.
• Proteins like fibrin help in clotting of blood.
• Proteins help in repairing damaged cells, replacing wornout or dead cells and tissues.
• Proteins help to develop resistance of the body against various infections.

Question 18.
Here are three strips. You have to paste them in figure at three places 1, 2 and3 At which place will you paste each strip?

1. Protein rich food
2. Carbohydrate rich food
3. Fat rich food.

Answer:
Names of strips and their appropriate places are:

Question 19.
How are vitamins classified?
Answer:
Vitamins are classified into two categories:

1. Water soluble vitamins, e.g., vitamins B and C.
2. Fat soluble vitamins, e.g., vitamins A, D, E and K

Balanced Diet

Question 1.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet in which every component of food (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage) is present in proper amount is known as a balanced diet.

Question 2.

1. How many calories does a 12-year old boy or girl need each day?
2. How can the boy or girl get this in his/her diet?

Answer:

1. A 12-year old boy or girl needs 2000-2200 calories per day.
2. The boy or girl can get this by a diet including daal, rice, roti, green vegetables, ghee and a bit of jaggeiy.

Question 3.
Why does a growing child need more minerals?
Answer:
A growing child needs more minerals like calcium and phosphorus for the formation of bones.

Question 4.
Write three important properties of a balanced diet.
Answer:
A balanced diet has the following properties:

• It is rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and certain amino acids,
• It provides enough material to take care of the needs of growth, repair and replacement of cells, tissues and organs of the body.
• It provides energy required by the body.

Question 5.
What is obesity?
Answer:
When a person eats too much fat-containing food, then the fats get deposited in his body and he may end up suffering from a condition called obesity.

Question 6.
Explain why people who eat sea-food do not suffer from goitre.
Answer:
Goitre is caused due td iodine deficiency. Sea-food is a rich source of iodine and prevents the occurrence of goitre in people who eat sea-food.

Deficiency diseases

Question 1.
What is malnutrition? What are its harmful effects?
Answer:
Malnutrition is the physical state of a person resulting either from an imbalanced diet or from physical inability to absorb nutrients properly due to some diseases.
The harmful effects of malnutrition are:

• Deficiency of any of the nutrients in our diet causes diseases.
• Deficiency of protein causes kwashiorkor disease.
• Deficiency of carbohydrate and protein causes marasmus.

Question 2.
What is the effect of protein deficiency on the health of children?
Answer:
If a child does not get enough protein in his food for long time, he is likely to suffer from protein deficiency. Children suffering from protein deficiency have light brown hair, face like that of an old man, always hungry, and distended stomach. They are under¬weight and skinny with very little flesh on bones. This disease is called Kwashiorkor.

Question 3.
What is marasmus? What are its symptoms?
Answer:
Marasmus is caused by the deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates in children.
Symptom: The child becomes so thin that loose folds of skin can be seen all over the body.

Question 4.
Write the sources and deficiency diseases of the vitamins ‘A’, ‘B’ complex, C, D, E and K.
Answer:

Question 5.
What is anaemia? What are the symptoms of anaemia?
Answer:
The deficiency of iron in the diet leads to a disease called anaemia.
Symptoms: looks pale, gets tired easily, loses weight and nails turn white.

Question 6.
Why is it advised to take iodised salt?
Answer:
Iodised salt contains iodine. Iodine deficiency results in the enlargement of thyroid gland, retarded growth and mental disability. Iodized salts help us to overcome iodine deficiency.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(i) For proper ……………….. and …………………… our bodies need adequate food.
(ii) Proteins build ………….. material.
(iii) Non-living machines burn the fuel at ……………… temperature while living machines burn their food at ………………… temperature.
(iv) Starch is a ……………… of sugar.
(v) ……………….. gives blue colour with iodine.
(vi) Proteins are made up of …………………… .
(vii) Skin, hair and nails are …………………… .
(viii) Co-enzymes are nothing but …………….. .
(ix) Vitamin C causes ……………….. when found deficient.
(x) Our body contains ……………………. of water.
(xi) Most of the reactions in our body occur in ……………. solutions.
(xii) Balanced diet is one containing all ……………….. .
(xiv)Deficiency of ……………. causes rough skin, weak eyesight and thinness of body.
(xv) Excess intake of………………… over a large period may damage kidneys.
(xvi) Lack of ……………….. leads to lethargy, inactivity and feeling of tiredness.
(xvii) Intake of inadequate quantities of proteins may ………………….. the growth and development of children.
Answer:
(i) growth, maintenance
(ii) body
(iii) high, low
(iv) polynler
(v) Starch
(vi) amino acids
(vii) proteins
(viii) proteins
(ix) scurvy
(x ) 61%
(xi) water
(xii) nutrients
(xiii) eight
(xiv) proteins
(xv) alcohol

Question 3.
State whether the statements given below are True or False:
(i) Deficiency of vitamin A makes our bones weak.
(ii) Deficiency of iron causes paleness.
(iii) Calcium is necessary for strong bones and teeth.
(iv) Deficiency of vitamin B helps to increase our appetite.
(v) Deficiency of vitamin D causes swollen and bleeding gums.
(vi) Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in our diet.
(vii) Expensive food is not always the best food
(viii) Protein is a staple food.
(ix) Haemoglobin is a carbohydrate.
(x) Cotton and paper are carbohydrates.
(xi) Tomatoes contain vitamin C.
(xii) Eating lady finger makes you good in mathematics.
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) True
(vii) True
(viii)False
(ix) False
(x) True
(xi) True
(xii) False

Question 4.
Choose the correct option in the following questions:

(i) The food components needed by our body are called
(a) ingredients
(b) nutrients
(c) fragments
(d) ornaments
Answer:
(b) ingredients of food have some components which are needed by our
body. Such components are called nutrients.

(ii) Carbohydrates can be tested by using
(a) iodine solution
(b) caustic soda
(c) copper sulphate
(d) fehling solution
Answer:
(a) Carbohydrates (starch) give violet or black colour with iodine solution.

(iii) Which one of the following is an energy giving component?
(a) Protein
(b) Vitamins and minerals
(c) Roughage
(d) Carbohydrates and fats
Answer:
(d) Carbohydrates and fats are main sources of energy.

(iv) Vitamins and minerals are
(a) protective food
(b) energy giving food
(c) body building food
(d) roughage
Answer:
(a) Vitamins and minerals protect our body from various diseases.

(v) Roughage helps in
(a) protecting our body from diseases
(b) movement of bowel
(c) providing energy
(d) building and repair of various body parts
Answer:
(b) Roughage are rich in fibres. Fibres keep in bowel movement.

(vi) Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin B
(c) vitamin C
(d) vitamin D
Answer:
(c) Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy.

(vii) Diseases caused due to the deficiency of vitamins are known as
(a) dietary diseases
(b) cronic diseases
(c) deficiency diseases
(d) transmitted diseases
Answer:
(c) Since such diseases are caused by deficiency of food components.

(viii) All the deficiency diseases can be prevented by
(a) cleanliness ,
(b) taking medicine at proper time
(c) vaccination
(d) taking balanced diet
Answer:
(d) If we take balanced diet there will not be any kind of deficiency.

(ix) Which of the following food items contains carbohydrates?
(a) Rice i
(b) Gram
(c) Cabbage
(d) Pulses
Answer:
(a) Rice is a source of carbohydrates.

(x) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin B
(c) vitamin C
(d) vitamin D
Answer:
(a) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A.

Extra Questions for Class 6 Scienc

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 15 Visualising Solid Shapes Ex 15.2

• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.1 
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.2
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.3
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 15 Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.2

Ex 15.2 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
Use isometric dot paper and make an isometric sketch for each one of the given shapes:



Solution:

Ex 15.2 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
The dimensions of a cuboid are 5 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm. Draw three different isometric sketches of this cuboid.
Solution:

Ex 15.2 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Three cubes with 2 cm edge are placed side by side to form a cuboid. Sketch an oblique or isometric sketch of this cuboid.
Solution:
In the given figure, we have an isometric sketch of a cuboid formed by placing three cubes each of 2 cm edge side by side.

Ex 15.2 Class 7 Maths Question 4.
Make an oblique sketch for each one of the given isometric shapes:

Solution:

Ex 15.2 Class 7 Maths Question 5.
Give (i) an oblique sketch and (ii) an isometric sketch for each of the following:
(а) A cuboid of dimensions 5 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm. (Is your sketch unique?)
(b) A cube with an edge 4 cm long.
An isometric sheet is attached at the end of the book. You could try to make on it some cubes or cuboids of dimensions specified by your friend.
Solution:



No, this sketch is not unique.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 15 Visualising Solid Shapes Ex 15.3

• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.1 
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.2
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.3
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 15 Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.3
Ex 15.3 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
What cross-sections do you get when you give a
(i) vertical cut
(ii) horizontal cut to the following solids?
(a) A brick
(b) A round apple
(c) A die
(d) A circular pipe
(e) An ice cream cone.
Solution:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 15 Visualising Solid Shapes Ex 15.4

• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.1 
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.2
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.3
• Class 7 Maths Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.4

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 15 Visualising Solid Shapes Exercise 15.4
Ex 15.4 Class 7 Maths Question 1.
A bulb is kept burning just right above the following solids. Name the shape of the shadows obtained in each case. Attempt to give a rough sketch of the shadow. (You may try to experiment first and then answer these questions).

Solution:
When the light falls just above the solids.
(i) A ball; the shadow looks like a circle.
(ii) A cylindrical pipe; the shadow looks like nearly rectangular.
(iii) A book; the shadow looks like nearly rectangular.

Ex 15.4 Class 7 Maths Question 2.
Here are the shadows of some 3-D objects, when seen under the lamp of an overhead projector. Identify the solid(s) that match each shadow. (There may be multiple answers for these!)

Solution:
(i) The given shadow corresponds to a sphere.
(ii) The given shadow corresponds to a cube.
(iii) The given shadow corresponds to a pyramid.
(iv) The given shadow corresponds to a cuboid or a cylinder.

Ex 15.4 Class 7 Maths Question 3.
Examine if the following are true statements:
(i) The cube can cast a shadow in the shape of a rectangle.
(ii) The cube can cast a shadow in the shape of a hexagon.
Solution:
(i) The given statement is true.
(ii) The given statement is false.

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