NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 9 – टिकट अलबम

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 9 – टिकट अलबम appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 15 – नौकर

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Ans.

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 15 – नौकर appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 8 – ऐसे – ऐसे

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2


Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-1


Ans.

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 8 – ऐसे – ऐसे appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 1 – वह चिड़िया जो

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

.
Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.


Question-5

Ans.


Question-6

Ans.

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2
<
Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 1 – वह चिड़िया जो appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 2 – बचपन

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.


Question-



Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5
]
Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 2 – बचपन appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 4 – चाँद से थोड़ी सी गप्पे

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 4 – चाँद से थोड़ी सी गप्पे appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 5 – अक्षरों का महत्व

Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.


Question-3

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2


Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3


Ans.

Question-4

Ans.




Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.


Question-1

Ans.

Question-2

Ans.

Question-3

Ans.

Question-4

Ans.

Question-5

Ans.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

http://www.learncbse.in/rd-sharma-class-6-solutions/
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-6-maths-solutions/
http://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-sanskrit/

• Solved CBSE Sample papers For Maths
• Video Solutions

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 5 – अक्षरों का महत्व appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th English Chapter 1 Who Did Patrick’s Homework

Working With the Text  (Page 11)

Answer the following questions (Refer to that part of the text whose number is given against the question. This applies to the comprehension questions throughout the book.)

1.What did Patrick think his cat was playing with? What was it really? (2)
Ans: Patrick thought that his cat was playing with a little doll. It was, in fact, a very small-sized man, an elf.

2.Why did the little man grant Patrick a wish? (2)
Ans: Patrick had saved the tiny man’s life from the cat by not handing him back to the cat. So he promised to fulfil one wish of Patrick.

3. What was Patrick’s wish? (3)
Ans: Patrick hated doing homework. His greatest wish was that the little man should do all his homework till the end of the session.

4. In what subjects did the little man need help, to do Patrick’s homework? (5, 6)
Ans: The little man needed Patrick’s help in maths, English and history.

5.How did Patrick help him? (7)
Ans: Patrick sat beside the little man and guided him. He brought books from the library and read out to him.

6.Who do you think did Patrick’s homework – the little man, or Patrick himself? Give reasons for your answer. (9, 10)
Ans: It was Patrick himself who actually did all the homework. He had to help the elf again and again with guidance and books.

Working with Language

A.Pill in the blanks in the sentences below with the words or phrases from the box. (You may not know the meaning of all the words. Look such words up in a dictionary, or ask your teacher.)

  semester       between you and me                look up

1.  Some people find household__________________ a bore, but I like to help at home.
2. Who stole the diamond is still a_____________________ .
3. This_________________ we are going to have a class exhibition.
4. _______________ , the elf began to help Patrick.
5.Can you__________________ this word in the dictionary?
6.I started early to be on time, but I was_____________________ . There was a traffic jam!
7.She says she’s got a lot of books, but______________________ I think most of them are borrowed.
Ans. 1. chores     2. mystery              3. semester                4. True to his word

5. look up out of luck          7. between you and me

B.Use the clues given below to complete this crossword puzzle.

Across
1.Veiy tired
2.had an angry look on the face
3.short trousers
4.a fault in a machine that prevents it from working properly
5.a small and naughty boy-fairy

Down

6. work that must be done everyday, often boring
7. a basket with a lid
8. ave a short, high-pitched cry

Speaking  (Page 13)

1.In the story Patrick does difficult things he hates to do, because the elf pre­tends he needs help. Have you ever done something difficult or frightening, by pretending about it in some way? Tell your classmates about it.
Or
Say what you feel about homework. (The words and phrases in the boxes may help you.) Do you think it is useful, even though you may not like it? Form pairs, and speak to each other.

For example:
You may say, “I am not fond of homework.”
Your partner may reply, “But my sister helps me with my lessons at home, and that gives a boost to my marks.”
                                 (not) be fond of       (not) take to                  (not) develop a liking for
                                (not) appeal to      (not) be keen on               (not) have a taste for
                                             support        assist         with the aid of
                                             help        be a boon             give a boost to

Ans:
1. I am not very fond of keeping my room clean and tidy.
2. But my sister does all this for me.
3. I have not developed a liking for non veg.
4. But my elder brother does not support me.
5. I have taken to playing football.
6. I have developed a liking for chess also.
7. I appeal to my friends to play some game.
8. Sports can be a boon in career making.
9. They give a boost to my confidence.
10. My deskmate is keen on getting ‘A’ grade.
11. I hope he will assist me also in preparing my lessons.

Writing  (Page 13)
A. This story has a lot of rhyming words, as a poem does. Can you write out some parts of it like a poem, so that the rhymes come at the end of separate lines? For example:
Patrick never did homework. ‘Too boring”, he said.
He played baseball and Hockey and Nintendo instead.
Ans. The man of the tiniest size
was true to his word and wise
Patiick saved the elf from the cat
The elf promised to do all that
Patrick loved sports and hated homewor
He wasted his time, and studies shirk

B.Look at these sentences.
1.‘Too boring,” he said.
2.Cleaned his room, did his chores.
When we speak we often leave out words that can easily be guessed.
We do not do this when we write, unless we are trying to write as we speak (as in the story).
So, if we were to write carefully, we would say:

• Homework is too boring, he said.
• He cleaned his room and did his chores.

C.Rewrite the following incomplete sentences carefully, so that the reader does not have to guess what is left out.
1.more and more books.
2.too difficult.
3.got up late, missed the bus.
4.solved the mystery.

Ans:
1. The writers and poets read more and more books.
2.This personal question is too difficult to answer.
3.When I got up late yesterday morning, I missed the school bus.
4.Lord Krishna solved the mystery of life after .death.

D.Look at this cartoon by R. K. Laxman. Read the sentence given below the cartoon. Discuss the following questions with your partner.

• What is it about?
• Do you find it funny? If so, why?
• Do you think a cartoon is a serious drawing? Why or why not?

Ans:

1. It is about a father’s concern for the betterment of his child.
2.Yes, the cartoon is really funny. Father orders the child to labour (to work hard) with his studies. But he forbids the boy to read the laws against child labour.
3.A cartoon is chiefly meant to make us laugh.
It is also a serious drawing in one sense.
It draws our attention to some problem that affects us all.

                                              MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I.SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What was Patrick’s chief interest?
Ans: Patrick’s chief interest was to play hockey, football and video games.

2. What warning did the teachers give to Patrick?
Ans: The teachers noticed that Patrick never did his homework. So they warned him that he would remain a fool, an illiterate person.

3.How did Patrick get his wish granted by the elf?
Ans: Patrick saved the life of the elf from a cat. So the elf promised to fulfil one wish of his saviour.      ‘

4. What made Patrick believe that he was lucky?
Ans: Patrick hated homework and loved sports. He called himself lucky when the tiny man agreed to do all his homework.

5. Why did the little man’s face wrinkle and frown?
Ans: The little man was an elf. He had not studied maths or English. So he was angry when called upon to do Patrick’s homework.                                                                                  .

6.The little man kept his word. But there was one glitch. What was it?
Ans: The little man did not go back on his promise. But his problem was that he did not know maths, English or human history.

7.The little elf was a nag. How did it tell upon Patrick’s health?
Ans: The little elf agreed to do Patrick’s homework. But he had a problem. He was always seeking Patrick’s help. Over work tired him and caused swelling in his eyes.

8.What changes came in Patrick’s behaviour in the end?
Ans: In the end, Patrick became a model boy. He cleaned his room, did all his daily work, became cheerful and polite.

II.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Who did Patrick’s homework? Why and how?
Ans: Patrick had no interest in studies. He hated doing homework. He was lucky to get a helper. It was an elf. He had saved the elf from a cat and the elf promised to do all Patrick’s homework for 35 days. But the poor elf was blank in English . and maths. He sought Patrick’s help and guidance. Patrick brought books from the library and worked hard to solve all sums. He got good marks. Actually it was Patrick himself who did all his homework.

2.How did Patrick get supernatural help? Was the elf intelligent enough to answer questions in all the subjects?
Ans: One day Patrick found his cat playing with a doll. He rescued the tiny doll, who in fact was an elf. He promised to grant his saviour one wish. Patrick told him to do all his homework for 35 days. The elf had to keep his word. But he was quite ignorant of language and maths and even other subjects. He called out to Patrick to come and guide him.

3. Give the characteristic features of the elf which helped Patrick.
Ans: Patrick saved a little doll from his cat. That doll was, in fact, a very small sized man, an elf. He was timid. He felt grateful to his saviour. In return he prom­ised to grant Patrick a wish. He could not say ‘no’ to any of Patrick’s requests. He agreed to do Patrick’s homework. But he was illiterate. He sought Patrick’s guidance at eveiy step.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6th English Chapter 1 Who Did Patrick’s Homework appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) How does a planet differ from a star?
(b) What is meant by the ‘Solar System’?
(c) Name all the planets according to their distance from the sun.
(d) Why is the Earth called a unique planet?
(e) Why do we see only one side of the moon always?
(f) What is the Universe?
Answer: (a) Differences between a planet and a star:

(b) The term Solar System refers to the “family” of the Sun. The Sun is a star around which eight planets, among other celestial objects, revolve in orbits. This whole system of bodies is called the Solar System. The Sun is the “head” of this system.
(c) The list of planets in the order of their distance from the Sun is as follows:
(i) Mercury  (ii) Venus (iii) Earth (iv) Mars (v) Jupiter (vi) Saturn (vii) Uranus (viii) Neptune
(d) The Earth is regarded as a unique planet because of the following reasons:
(i) It is the only planet known to support life. It has oxygen and water present in proportions that allow life to thrive.
(ii) It also has a temperature range that supports life.
(iii) The proportion of water present is about two-thirds of the surface of earth when compared to land.
(e) One revolution of the moon around the earth takes about 27 days. Incidentally, the moon’s rotation about its own axis also takes nearly the same time. One day of the moon is equal to 27 Earth days. So only one side of the moon can be seen from the earth.
(f) The Universe is the largest unit in which we live. It is a collection of galaxies. There is only one Universe, and everything that exists, exists in this Universe itself.

2. Tick the correct answer.
(a) The planet known as the “Earth’s Twin” is
(i)  Jupiter
(ii) Saturn
(iii) Venus.
(b) Which is the third nearest planet to the sun?
(i) Venus
(ii) Earth
(iii) Mercury.
(c) All the planets move around the sun in a
(i) Circular path
(ii) Rectangular  path
(iii) Elongated path
(d) The Pole Star indicates the direction to the
(i) South
(ii) North
(iii) East.
(e) Asteroids are found between the orbits  of
(i)  Saturn and Jupiter
(ii) Mars and Jupiter
(iii) The Earth and Mars.
Answer: (a)—(iii), (b)—(ii), (c)—(iii), (d)—(ii), (e)—(ii).

3. Fill’in the blanks.
(a) A group of…….. forming various patterns is called a ………….
(b) A huge system of stars is called ……………
(c) ………… is the closest celestial body to our earth.
(d) ……….  is the third nearest planet to the sun.
(e) Planets do not have their own ………… and ……….
Answer:
(a) stars, constellation
(b) galaxy
(c) The moon
(d) The earth
(e) heat, light.

I.Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:
(i) Full moon night occurs once every……….
(a) day
(b) 15 days
(c) 20 days
(d) month.
(ii) The Hindi word for the New Moon night is ……….
(a) Amavasya
(b) Krishna Paksha
(c) Poornima
(d) none of these.
(iii) The sun is …………
(a) a star
(b) a celestial body
(c) the head of the solar system
(d) all of these.
(iv) Ursa Major is a/an
(a) star
(b) constellation
(c) galaxy
(d) asteroid.
(v) Which of these was a planet till 2006 but is now a “dwarf planet”?
(a) Neptune
(b) The Sun
(c) Pluto
(d) Solaris.
(vi) The term “Blue Planet” indicates presence of
(a) land
(b) water
(c) oxygen
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(i)—(d),
(ii)—(a),
(iii)—(d),
(iv)—(b),
(v)—(c),
(vi)—(b).

II.Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:
(i) The Amavasya night occurs about ………..  days after the Poomima night.
(ii) Stars are celestial bodies that are ………..  and ………….
(iii) The planets do not possess their own ………..  and …………
(iv) The Small Bear constellation is better known as the ………….
(v) The Greek word which is the origin of the word “planets” means ………….
(vi) Three planets having rings around them are …………  , ……….  and …………
(vii) ……..  are elongated fixed paths in which a celestial body always remains.
(viii) Venus is similar to the earth in its ……….  and ………….
(ix) The shadows on the moon’s surface are due to ……….. , ………  and …………
(x) Meteoroids heat up and bum due to …………
Answer:
(i) fifteen
(ii) big, hot
(iii) heat, light
(iv) Saptarishi
(v) wanderers,
(vi) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
(vii) Orbits
(viii) size, shape
(ix) mountains, plains, depressions
(x) friction.

III.True/False
State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
(i) The Sun appears bigger and brighter than the other stars because it is indeed so.
(ii) Saptarishi and Ursa Major are two different constellations.
(iii) The Pole Star is known to have a fixed position in the sky.
(iv) The earth is the only planet that has a natural satellite.
(v) Pluto was declared a “dwarf planet” in August 2006.
(vi) The earth is the third-largest planet in the solar system.
(vii) The geoid shape is not perfectly spherical.
(viii) The moon takes about the same time in rotating about its axis once as it does to complete a revolution around the earth.
Answer: (i) False, (ii) False, (iii) True, (iv) False, (v) True, (vi) False, (vii) True, (viii) True.

V. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Name two celestial bodies visible only in the night sky.
Answer: The moon and the stars are celestial bodies visible in the night sky.

2. Why do we not feel the heat and light of the stars, even though they are so big and hot?
Answer: We do not feel the heat and light of the stars since they are very far away.

3. From which Greek word is the word ‘planet’ derived?
Answer: The word ‘planet’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Planetai’.

4. What does the solar family consist of? [V. Imp.]
Answer:  The solar family consists of the sun, planets, their satellites, and asteroids and meteoroids.

 5. What is the shape of the orbits in which planets revolve around the sun?
Answer: The orbits of planets are elliptical (Le. elongated) in shape.

6. Which planet is called “Earth’s twin” and why?
Answer: Venus is called “Earth’s twin” because it is similar to Earth in its shape and size.

7. What is “Geoid”?
Answer: A sphere with its ends flattened at poles (just like earth) is called geoid.

8. Why is earth called “blue planet”? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Earth appears blue from when seen from the outer space, since it has over 2/3^rd water. So it is called blue planet.

9. How much time does the moon take to revolve once around the earth?
Answer: The moon takes approximately 27 days to revolve once around the earth.

10. What is the difference between the moon and INSAT?    [V. Imp.]
Answer: The moon is a natural satellite of the earth while INSAT is an artificial satellite.

11. What are asteroids?
Answer: Asteroids are the numerous tiny celestial bodies which revolve around the sun and are mainly found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

12. What is a meteoroid?  
Answer: Small pieces of rocks which move around the sun are called meteoroids.

VI. Short Answer Type Questions 
1. Name the two extreme shapes of the moon. When and at what intervals do they occur?
Answer: The moon is seen in its two extreme shapes on the Full Moon night arid the New Moon night. The Full Moon. The Full Moon means the moon in its full circular shape. The New Moon. The New Moon means the moon that can not be seer.The New Moon occurs on the fifteenth day and the Full Moon occurs on the last day of the Hindi calendar month.

 2. What is the Pole Star? How can the Saptarishi be used to locate it?  [Imp.]
Answer: The Pole Star is the star that is known to retain its position in the sky always. We can locate the position of the Pole Star with the help of the constellation Saptarishi. If an imaginary line is drawn joining the “pointer stars” of the Saptarishi and extended further, it will point to the Pole Star.

In the Fig. 1.3 shown here, 1 and 2 represent the “pointer stars”. The Pole Star and the pointer stars lie on the same line.

 3. Write a short note on the two planets nearest to the sun.
Answer: Mercury. It is the nearest planet to the sun. It takes just about 88 earth days to revolve once around the sun. It is extremely hot since it is close to the sun. It is also the smallest planet.Venus. It is the second closest planet to the sun. It is similar to earth in shape and size. It is called “Earth’s twin”.

 4. How does earth support life?   [V. Imp.]
Answer: The earth has conditions that support life. It is neither too hot nor too cold. It has both water and air, which are both indispensable for life. Presence of oxygen in the air in appropriate proportion supports life. These factors make earth a unique planet.

VII. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Write short notes on the following:
(a) The sun
(b) The moon
(c) Galaxy.  [V. Imp.]
Answer:
(a) The sun is considered the “head” of the solar system. It is a star, although it is smaller and less bright than most other stars. It is a huge celestial body made up of extremely hot gases. It provides heat and light for the whole of the solar system. Life on earth depends on many factors, and sunlight is one of them. The sun is about 150 million kilometres away from earth.
(b) The moon is the only natural satellite of our planet earth. Its diameter is just about a quarter of the earth’s diameter. It is comparatively closer (3,84,400 kilometres away) to earth than all other celestial bodies. It does not support life. It revolves around the earth and rotates about its own axis in about the same time, due to which only one side of the moon is visible to us.
(c) Galaxy is a term that refers to billions of stars, clouds of dust and gases, and other celestial bodies considered as a single unit. The only bigger unit is the universe, galaxies make up the universe. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way.

2. Draw a diagram showing the eight planets of the solar system in their orbits around the’ sun. Also prepare a table mentioning the length of their days and years.
Answer:

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Download Formula Book for Class 10 Maths and Science

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing 

Q.1. What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies ? Give an example of each of these.
Ans. Ans. (i) Power sharing among the different organs of government (Horizontal power sharing). In a democracy, power is shared among the different organs of the government such as the legislature, executive and the judiciary. This is called the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Under this kind of power sharing arrangement, one can exercise unlimited powers. Each organ has its own powers, and it can also check the powers of other. So this results in a balance of power among the various institutions.
=======================================================================
(ii) Power sharing among governments at different levels : Under this, people choose separate governments at separate levels, for example, a general local government for the entire country and local governments at the provincial, sub-national or regional levels. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called a Federal government.
====================================================================
(iii) Power sharing among different social groups : In a democracy, especially, in a multi-ethnic society, power is also shared
among social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and the administration.
(iv) Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements : In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rulers. This choice is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.

Q.2. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. (i) (a) India is a multicultural society.
(b) India is a democratic country.

Q.3. After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why ? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Thomman – Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
Mattai – Power sharing is suited only for big countries that have regional divisions.
Ousep – Every society needs some form of power sharing even if they are small or do not have social divisions.
Ans. Every society needs some form of power sharing even if they are small or do not have social divisions because :
(i) Some power sharing is always needed to give voice to all, and representation to all the members of the country.
(ii) Power sharing solutions are adopted to maintain stability in the system, and peace among various groups to ensure the smooth functioning of the system, irrespective of the size of the country.

Q.4. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non¬Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements ? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Ans. No, the measure taken by the Mayor of Merchtem is not in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements. As 59 per cent of the population in the Flemish region speaks Dutch, the ban on speaking French in the town’s schools would prevent French and Dutch speakers to mingle with each other, and also create feelings of distrust and suspicion. The ban ignores the regional differences and cultural diversities. It is against the spirit of accommodating every linguistic group, and creating a right environment for everyone to live. The ban, rather, makes the ground for a civic strife, and a possible division of the community on linguistic lines.

Q.5. Read the following passage, and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi, and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. The Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption, and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus the Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”
Ans. The following prudential reasons are cited into the passage for power sharing.
(a) Reducing corruption by giving power into the hands of the people and thus, making them responsible for their own decisions.
(b) Increasing administrative efficiency by delegating the decision-making function to the people affected by it.
(c) Improving the efficiency of the system by reducing the number of middlemen, and transferring the planning and implementation to the people concerned through the Panchayats.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Economics Chapter 1 Understanding Economic Development

Page 16
Q1. Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above
Answer:
(iv) all the above

Q2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
Answer:
(ii) Sri Lanka

Q3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000
Answer:
(iii) Rs 6000

Q4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

The average income, i.e. per capita income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries.
According to World Development Report 2006, published by the World Bank, countries with per capita income of $10066 per annum and above in 2004 are called rich or developed countries. On the other hand, countries with per capita income of $825 or less are called low-income countries.
Limitations: It does not tell us about how the average income is distributed among the people in the individual countries. The countries with the same per capita income might be very different with regard to income distribution. One might have equitable distribution of income, while the other might have great disparities between the rich and the poor.

Q5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
The criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank in the following respects:
The World Bank – The World Bank uses per capita income as the sole criterion for measuring development.
The UNDP – It uses the Human Development Index (HDI) based on a combination of factors such as health, education, and income as the criterion for measuring development.
Thus, the UNDP does not rely solely on per capita income, as the criterion for measuring development, as in the case with the World Bank.

Q6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development
We use averages because they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category. For example, to compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are limitations to the use of averages. Even though they are useful for comparison, they may also hide disparities. For example, the infant mortality rate of a country does not differentiate between the male and female infants born in that country. Such an average tells us nothing about whether the number of children dying before the age of one are mostly boys or girls.

Q7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
No, I do not agree with the statement that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab because, human development ranking is determined using a combination of factors such as health, education, and income. So, this does not imply that per capita income is not useful. Rather, per capita income is one of the development factors and can not be neglected. The World Bank uses per capita income as the criterion for measuring development and comparing states. But this criterion has certain limitations because of which determination of Human Development Index (HDI) is done using this criterion along with some other development factors like health, education etc.

Q8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cowdung and solar energy. Other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and a better utilisation of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.

Q9. Why is the issue of sustainability is important for development?
Sustainability for development or sustainable development refers to the development which is done without damaging the environment and other resources. In other words, balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for future is known as sustainable development.
The issue of sustainability is important for the development because development must happen in tandem with future. If natural resources are not sustained, it will cause a stagnation of development after a point of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in future, those resources will not be available for further progress.

Page 17:
Q10. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
This statement is relevant to the discussion of development since both resources and development go hand in hand. As the statement claims, our earth has enough resources – renewable and non-renewable to satisfy everyone’s need if we use them in an economic manner. For the sustainability of development, the consumption and maintenance of resources is also crucial. We have to use the resources keeping our environment protected and clear so that there is a balance between the development and use of our resources. As otherwise after a certain point of time in future the development will be stagnated.

Q11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Environmental degradation manifests itself in different ways. Deforestation, falling levels of ground water, soil erosion, water pollution, burning of fossil fuels, the hole in the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution especially in urban areas are some of the examples of environmental degradation.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

More Resources for CBSE Class 10:

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Economics Chapter 1 Understanding Economic Development appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 10 Social Economics Understanding Economic Development Notes

♦ Development : It is a comprehensive term which includes increase in real per capita income, improvement in living standard of people, reduction in poverty, etc.

♦ National development : National development is a comprehensive term which includes improvement in living standard of the people, increase in per capita income, providing social amenities like education, medical care, social services, etc. to the citizens of the country.

♦ Developed economies : These are those economies which are characterised by high level of Per Capita Income of US $ 12276 per annum or more and high standard of living. Examples : USA, Japan, Germany, UK, Singapore, etc.

♦ Developing economies : Those economies which are passing through the stages of growth and development. In such economies, significance of agriculture tends to decline whereas the industrial sector grows sharply. Example : India, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc.

♦ Economy : It is a sum total of all the economic activities like production, consumption, distribution, exchange, etc.

♦ National income : It is the total value of all the goods and services produced within a country plus the net income from abroad during a year.

♦ Production : When an activity results in a valuable and useful thing, it is called as production.

♦ Per capita income : Per capita income is the average income of the people of a country in a definite period.

♦ Underdeveloped economies : Underdeveloped economies are the economies which are characterised by low level of per capita income and miserable standard of living. Such economies are not able to exploit their natural resources.
Examples : Nepal, Burma, etc.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post CBSE Class 10 Social Economics Understanding Economic Development Notes appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Social Economics CBSE Class 10 Understanding Economic Development VSAQ

Q.1. What is development ?
Ans. It is a comprehensive term which includes increase in real per capita income, improvement in living standard of people, reduction in poverty etc.

Q.2. Mention any two developmental goals of a landless rural labourer.
Ans. (i) More days of work and better wages.
(ii) Quality education for his children.

Q.3. Mention any two developmental goals of a girl.
Ans. (i) Gender equality
(ii) Girls empowerment

Q.4. What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for other. Give one example.
Ans. Construction of a dam may be good for a industrialist as he will get more electricity but construction of dam submerge’ the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced.

Q.5. Mention any two developmental goals of people other than income.
Ans. (i) Equal treatment (ii) Respect of others

Q.6. Mention any two developmental goals of a rural women.
Ans. (i) Dignity in the household.
(ii) A safe and secure environment.

Q.7. What is national development ? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. National development is a comprehensive term which includes improvement in living standard . of the people, increase in per capita income, providing social amenities like education, medical care, social services, etc. to the citizens of the country.

Q.8. Mention any two national development goals of India.
Ans. (i) Corruption free society.
(ii) High per capita income.

Q.9. Which is the most important attribute for national development?
Ans. National income or per capita income of the nation.

Q.10. ‘For comparing countries, total income or national income is not a useful measure. Give reason.
Ans. Since countries have different population, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.

Q.11. What is average income or per capita income ? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. When the total national income is divided by the total population, it is called the per capita income.
Per Capita Income = National Income / Population

Q.12. What is the most important component for comparing different countries? [CBSE 2010, 12]
Ans. Per capita income.

Q.13. Which criteria is used by the World Bank to classify different countries?
Ans. Per capita income.

Q.14. Which countries have been categorised as rich countries according to the World Development Report ? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. Countries with per capita income of US $ 12276 per annum and above in 2010 are called rich countries.

Q.15. Which countries have been categorised as low income countries according to World Development Report ?
Ans. Countries with per capita income of US $ 1005 or less are called low income countries.

Q.16. Under which category India has been placed by the World Bank Development Report ?
Ans. Low middle income countries as India’s per capita income is less than JUS $ 1005. or less.

Q.17. What are developed countries according to World Development Report ?
Ans. All the countries excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries which have per capita income of US $ 12276 per annum or above have been termed as developed countries.

Q.18. What is Infant Mortality Rate ? [CBSE 2009, 2013 (D)]
Ans. It indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children bom in that particular year.

Q.19. What is Literacy Rate ? [CBSE 2009 (D)]
Ans. It measures the proportion of literate population in the seven and above age group.

Q.20. What is Net Attendance ratio ? [CBSE 2014]
Ans. It is the total number of children of the age group 6-10, attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.

Q.21. What is Gross Enrolment Ratio ?
Ans. It is the enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and higher education.

Q.22. Which Indian state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate ?
Ans. Kerala.

Q.23. Why Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate ? [CBSE 2008, 2013 (F)]
Ans. Kerala has low IMR because :
(i) It has very high literacy rate and literate people take care of their children better as compared to illiterate.
(ii) Literate people also have high earning capacity so they can afford basic necessities for their children.

Q.24. Mention any two things which money cannot buy.
Ans. (i) Peace (ii) Freedom

Q.25. What is Public Distribution System ?
Ans. It is a food security programme under which government provide foodgrains and other essential items to the poor at an affordable price.

Q.26. What is Human Development Index ?
Ans. It is an index prepared by the World Bank Under which all the nations of the world are indexed or ranked according to their performance in various parameters like per ‘—’capita income, life expectancy, literacy rate etc.

Q.27. What are the three components of human Development Index ?
Ans. (i) Per Capita Income
(ii) Life Expectancy
(iii) Literacy Rate

Q.28. What is India’s rank according to 2013 HDI ?
Ans. 136

Q.29. Mention any two parameters where Sri Lanka has scored over India in HDI.
Ans. (i) Per capita income
(ii) Literacy rate

Q.30. Define life expectancy. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

Q.31. What is life expectancy in India ?
Ans. 65.8 years

Q.32. What is Sustainable Development ?
Ans. Sustainable development is that process of economic development which aims at maintaining the quality of life of both the present and the future generations without harming the natural resources and environment.

Q.33. What are non-renewable resources ? Give one example.
Ans. “Non-renewable resources are the natural resources that cannot be replaced at all or within a reasonable time.” Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal are examples of non-renewable resources. These resources accumulated over millions of years.

Q.34. Name the region of world which has large crude oil reserves.
Ans. Middle East.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post Social Economics CBSE Class 10 Understanding Economic Development VSAQ appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 10 Social Economics Understanding Economic Development SAQ

Q.1. (i) What is development ? Mention any two features of development.
(ii) What is national income ? [CBSE 2009 (D)] 
(iii) What is per capita income? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Define the term, ‘average income.’ [CBSE 2008, 2009 (D)]
Ans. (i) Development is a comprehensive term which include increase in real per capita income, improvement in living standard of people, reduction in poverty, illiteracy, crime rate, etc.
Features
(a) Different persons have different developmental goals.
(b) Income is a major component of development.
(ii) National income is defined as the total value of all the goods and services produced within a country plus net income coming from abroad.
(iii) When the total national income is divided by the total population, it is called the per capita income.
Per Capita Income = National Income / Population

Q.2. (f) State the criteria used to compare the different countries by the Human Development Report published by the United National Development Programme (UNDP).
(ii) Which is the new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together ?
(iii) What is meant by Human Development ? [CBSE Sept. 2011, 2012]
(iv) What is Sustainable Development ? [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008, 2009 (F), Sept. 2011]
(v) Which organisation measures HDR ? Mention any three major indicators of / HDR. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Ans. (i) Per capita income, life expectancy at birth, literacy rate and other basic necessities like clean drinking water, sanitation etc.
(ii) Sustainability of development.
(iii) It is the process of enlarging people’s choices as well as raising the level of well¬being so that they can lead a purposeful and a creative life. Though the national income and the per capita income are the indicators of human development, but it includes many other elements like consumption, health, environment, education, freedom, security, non-violent atmosphere, etc.
(iv) Sustainable Development is that process of economic development which aims at maintaining the quality of life of both the present and the future generations without harming the natural resources and environment.
(v) UNDP :
(a) Educational level
(b) Health status
(c) Per capita income

Q.3. (i) Mention any two important aspects of our lives other than income. [CBSE 2008 (D)]
(ii) How can we achieve our hopes and possibilities in the present world ? [CBSE Comp. (D) 2008]
(iii) What is ‘Public Distribution System ’ (PDS) ? [CBSE Sept. 2011 ] [CBSE2009 (F) Sept. 2010]
(iv) Mention two developmental goals of landless rural labourers. [CBSE Comp. (O) 2008]
(iv) Why has Kerala a higher Human Development Index than Punjab in spite of low per capita income ? [CBSE 2009 (F) Sept. 2011]
Ans. (i) Health and Education.
(ii) Through Democratic political process.
(iii) It is a system through which the Government distributes ration to the poor at a reasonable rate through the ration shops.
(iu) (a) More days of work and better wages.
(b) Quality education for the children.
(v) (a) Because it has low infant mortality rate, (b) It has higher literacy rate.

Q.4. Mention any four characteristics of development. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Ans. (i) Different people have different developmental goals.
(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may be destructive for the other.
(iii) Income is the most important component of development, but along with income, people also seek equal treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.
(iu) For development, people look at mixed goals.

Q.5. Describe any three features of developed country. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Ans. (i) As per the World Bank Report 2012 any country with per capita income of US$ 12,276 per annum and above is termed as rich or developed country. ‘
(ii) Such countries have high literacy rate.
(iii) Most of the people of these countries are engaged in service sector.

Q.6. What is PCI ? Where it is used ?
Ans. PCI is Per Capita Income. It is calculated by dividing the National Income of the country by population.
Uses :
(i) It is used to compare different countries.
(ii) The World Bank has divided the countries into rich or low income countries on the basis of per Capita income.

Q.7. What are the development goals of the following :
(i) Labourer (ii) Rich farmer (iii) Trader

Q.8. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other.’ Explain by giving examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012]
Or
With the help of an example show two groups who may have different notions of development. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. It is true that development for one may not be development for the other.
(i) More wages means development for a worker, but it can go against the entrepreneur.
(ii) A rich farmer or trader wants to sell foodgrains at a higher price but a poor worker wants to purchase it for low prices.
(iii) Construction of a dam means more and cheap power, but people, who will lose their habitat will demonstrate.
(iu) To get more electricity, the industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the agricultural land, and disrupt the lives of the people.

Q.9. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national development ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. National development is a comprehensive term which includes improvement in living standard of the people, increase in per capita income, providing social amenities like education,medical care, social services, etc. to the citizens of the country.
(i) Under national development, a country uses its resources in a fair and just way.
(ii) Under this only those programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit a large number of people.
(iii) Under national development, countries focus more on social infrastructure which includes education, health and other social services.

Q.10. What contributes to the human development ?
Ans. There are many economic as well as non economic factors which contribute to the human development.
(i) Living a long and a healthy life.
(ii) To have education, information and knowledge.
(iii) Enjoying a decent standard of living.
(iv) Enjoying basic fundamental rights like freedom, security, education, etc.
(v) To have equality and enjoyment of human rights.

Q-11. What is the significance of Human Development Index ? [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) HDI is used to measure level of development of a country.
(ii) It has been published by UNDP and according to it countries has been ranked.
(iii) It is a comprehensive approach which cover all the major aspects of life.
(iv) Apart from income, education, health status, life expectancy, etc., are considered for measuring economic development of a nation.

Q.12. ‘Human development is the essence of social development.’ Explain.
Ans. (i) Human development focuses on the people.
(ii) It is concerned with the well-being of the people, their needs, choices and aspirations. All these help in building a right kind of society.
(iii) It is all about the enlarging or widening the choices for the people. It is the building of human capabilities, such as to lead a long and a healthy life, to have education, information and knowledge, to have opportunities of livelihood, etc.
(iv) Human development focuses on the expansion of basic choices.

Q.13. ‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well.’ Explain. [CBSE 2010(0), Sept. 2013]
Ans. (i) Money or material things that one can buy with it is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends upon non-material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others, etc.
(ii) Money cannot buy us a pollution free environment, unadulterated medicines, peace, etc.
(iii) There are many facilities like schools, colleges, parks, hospitals which an individual cannot afford. All these are to be provided by the government/society.
(iv) Money possessed by an individual even can not provide us a type of government which take decisions for the welfare of the common people.

Q14. What are the limitations of the per capita income criteria of development ? [CBSE 2014]
Or
What is Per Capita Income ? Can it be regarded as the sole indicator of economic development of a country ? Give four valid arguments to support your answer. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. (i) Per capita income is the average income of a country.
(ii) Per capita income criteria takes into account only the economic aspect of life and ignores the social, aspect of life.
(iii) Per capita income criteria ignores education, health, life expectancy, sanitation etc.
(iv) Per capita income criteria also ignores non material things like peace, pollution free environment, democracy, etc.
(v) Though Punjab has higher per capita income as compared to Kerala but it has been ranked lower on Human Development Index because it is far behind than Kerala in literacy rate and has higher infant mortality rate than Kerala.

Q.15. “Average income is an important criterion for development.” Explain.
Ans. (i) Average income gives us an idea what an average person is likely to get out of the total national income.
(ii) Average income is used to classify the countries into rich, poor or developing nations.
(iii) Average income is used to make economic policies.

Q.16. Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic development? [CBSE 2013, 14]
Ans. (1) Of course, for comparing economic development of countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need. That is why, the World Bank uses Per Capita Income to compare economic development.
(2) Apart from income, educational levels of the people and their health status are considered as measures to compare economic development of a nation.
(i) Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) : This indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1,000 live children born in that particular year. ‘
(ii) Literacy Rate : This measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 years and above age group.
(iii) Net Attendance Ratio : This is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
(iv) Life Expectancy at birth : It denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

Q.17. What is infant mortality rate ? Suggest two measures to keep the infant mortality rate low. [CBSE 2013, 14]
Or
What is the meaning of ‘Infant Mortality Rate ’ (IMR) ? Give two main reasons for low IMR in Kerala. [CBSE 2010]
Ans. (1) The number of children that die before the age of one year per 1,000 children born alive in a particular year is called Infant Mortality Rate.
(2) Measures to keep Infant Mortality Rate low :
(i) Provision of basic health.
(ii) Provision of proper educational facility.
(iii) Proper functioning of Public Distribution System.

Q.18. Define the following terms :
(i) IMR (ii) Literacy Rate (iii) NAR [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Ans. (i) Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
(ii) Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 years and above age group.
(iii) Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 6-10 years attending school as a percentage of the total number of children in the same age group.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post CBSE Class 10 Social Economics Understanding Economic Development SAQ appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Social Class 10 Economics Understanding Economic Development LAQ

Q.1. Distinguish between developed and underdeveloped countries.

Q.2. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries ? What are the limitations of this criterion ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain the meaning of the term ‘Rich Countries’ and ‘Low Income Countries’ according to the World Development Report of 2006. What is India’s position in this respect ? [CBSE 2013]
Ans. The World Development Report, 2012, brought out by the World Bank has given the following criteria in classifying countries :
(I) Rich or High income countries : Countries with the per capita income of US $12276 per annum and above in 2010, are called rich countries.
(ii) Poor or Low income countries: The countries with the per capita income of US $ 1005 or less, are called low income countries.
India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2010 was just US $ 1340.4 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called the developed countries.
Limitations :
(i) It covers only the economic aspect ignoring peace, health, environment, education, longevity, etc.
(ii) The method does not provide us the distribution of income.

Q.3.Distinguish between human and economic development.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post CBSE Social Class 10 Economics Understanding Economic Development LAQ appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Social Economics CBSE Class 10 Understanding Economic Development HOTS

Q.1. Study the given data carefully, and answer the following questions : Some Comparative Data on Kerala, Punjab and Bihar :

1. Which state has the highest per capita income ?
2.Which state has the lowest per capita income ?
3.Which state has the highest literacy rate ?
4.Which state has the highest infant mortality rate ? Give one reason. [CBSE Sept. 2010,2011]
Ans. 1. Punjab : ? 60,746
2. Bihar : ? 16715
3. Kerala : 91%
4. Bihar : Because the state lacks health facilities.

Q.2. Study the given table carefully, and fill in the blanks in the following paragraphs. For this, you may need to make calculations based on the table.

(a) The literacy rate for all age groups, including young and old, is 1 for rural males and 2 for rural females. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school, but that there are 3 who are currently not in school.
(b) It is clear from the table that 4 of the rural girls and 5 of the rural boys are not attending school. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10-14 is as high as 6 for rural females, and 7 for the rural males.
(c) This high level of illiteracy among 8 age group, even after more than 60 years of our independence, is most disturbing. In many other states also, we are nowhere near realisation of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by the year 1960.
Ans. (a) 1 – 52% ; 2 – 19% ; 3 – 35.5%
(b) 4 – 69% ; 5 – 36% ; 6 – 61% ; 7-32 %
(c) 8-10-14

Q.3. Compare India and Sri Lanka on the basis of any three indicators of the Human Development Index for 2004. [CBSE 2009 (O), Sept. 2012]
Ans. (1) Per capita income : The per capita income of Sri Lanka is higher than that of India. The per capita income of India is about $ 3285, whereas it is around $ 5170 for Sri Lanka.
(2) Life expectancy at birth : Life expectancy at birth in Sri Lanka is also higher as compared to India. In Sri Lanka, the life expectancy is around 75.1 whereas in India it is about 65.8.
(3) Literacy rate : Literacy rate in Sri Lanka is also higher than India. It is 90.6 in Sri Lanka whereas it is 62.8 in India.

Q.4. Why are the countries of the Middle East not called ‘developed’ inspite of high per capita income ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. (i) These are small countries.
(ii) The gap between rich and poor is very high,
(iii) Though per capita income in Middle East countries is very high but there is unequal distribution of wealth.
(iv) These countries have high per capita income due to oil production. So they have only one major source of income.
(v) The World Development Report brought out by the World Bank has excluded these countries from the list of developed countries.

Q.5. Highlight any three advantages of public facilities. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. (i) Public facilities is the cheapest way to
provide basic services collectively.
(ii) Most of the poor people survive only because of public facilities.
(iii) There are many services like police, education, transportation, etc., which become affordable only if they are part of public facilities.

Q.6. Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country ? Explain four public facilities. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2012]
Ans. Public facilities play very important role in the development of a country as these include education, health, transportation, banking which are the base for any kind of development.
(i) Education : Education is the most important public facility which is required both by the rich as well as the poor.
(ii) Public Distribution System (PDS) : Public distribution system is another important facility which plays an important role in providing food security to the people.
(iii) Transportation : Many transport facilities like railway, airways, waterways, banking become affordable only if they are provided collectively.

Q.7. Explain common, different and conflicting goals by giving appropriate examples. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. Development goals may be common, different or conflicting.
(i) Common goals : There are some needs which are common to all like income, freedom, equality, security, respect, friendship, etc.
(ii) Different goals : Development or progress does not mean the same thing for every individual. Each individual has his own idea of development. For example, development for a farmer might be better irrigation facilities; for an unemployed youth it may mean better employment opportunities, etc.
(ii) Conflicting goals : What may be development for some, may become destruction for some others. For example, industrialists may want dams for electricity but such dams would displace the natives of the region.

Q.8. Mention any four aspects of comparison notions of development between different countries. [CBSE 2010, 14]
Or
Explain three attributes for comparing nations development between different countries. [CBSE 2010]
Or
What are the two basic criteria used for comparing an underdeveloped country with developed one ? [CBSE 2010]
Or
Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than income. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. Development of a country can generally be determined by: per capita income; average literacy level; and health status of its people.
(i) Per Capita Income means average income
generated by each person in a given group of people. Its limitation is that it does not show the disparities among the people of the group. ‘
(ii) Amount of literacy achieved is also a measure of development. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group. The more the people are educated, the more developed the group is.
(iii) Health indicators are Infant Mortality Rate, Birth Rate, etc. Lower the amount of Infant Mortality Rate, higher is the rate of people being healthy. ,
(iv) Net Attendance Ratio is also the indicator of economic development of a nation. It is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group,
(v) Life Expectancy at birth denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. Higher the life expectancy at birth, higher is considered the development of a nation.

Q.9. How is BMI used to determine the undernourishment of a person ? Explain. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) One way to find out if adults are undernourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call Body Mass Index or BMI.
(ii) In order to calculate, first of all the weight of the person in kg is taken. Then, the height in metres is measured. The weight is divided by the square of the height.
(ii) If this figure is less than 18.5, then the person would be considered undernourished. However, if this BMI is more than 25, then a person is overweight.

Q.10. What is the criterion to determine if adults are undernourished ? [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) The criterion to determine if adults are undernourished is Body Mass Index, popularly known as BMI.
(ii) In order to calculate it, first the weight of the person in kg is taken. Then, we take height in meters. The weight is divided by the square of the height.
(iii) If this figure is less than 18.5, then the person would be considered undernourished. However, if this BMI is more than 25, then a person is overweight.

Q.11. What is meant by ‘Overusing a Resource’ ? Explain with examples. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) ‘Overusing a Resource’ means more uses of the resource than it is replenished by the nature.
(ii) Let us consider groundwater. It is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature. However, even these resources may be overused. In the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource.
(iii) This is what Indian states have done. For example, farmers of Punjab have overused the groundwater. This has lead to lowering of the water table.

Q.12. Explain the importance of sustainable development with reference to groundwater by giving example. [CBSE 2013]
Or
What is meant by sustainable development ? Explain it by taking the case study of water. [CBSE 2011, 14]
Ans. (i) Sustainable development is the development of a country or world not only at present, but the development which is to be continued and maintained for future generations.
(ii) For example, groundwater is a natural resource which is replenished by nature. People of a particular generation must use water in such a way that people of future generation may also be able to use groundwater. People should not overuse and degrade the quality of water so that water is exhausted or if it remains, it is contaminated to such an extent that it becomes unusable for people of future generations.

Q.13. “Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2012, 14]
Ans. (i) Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state
boundaries. This issue is no longer a regional or national issue.
(ii) Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is essential for all the mankind and it is our common responsibility to save the environment.
(iii) These days it is a matter of discussion among different countries of the world.
(iv) Global warming, acid rain, etc., are not to be controlled by one nation. It is a global matter of thinking and finding the solutions.

Q.14. Explain the term ‘Development’. How is it linked with sustainability ? Explain with example. [CBSE 2012, 14]
Ans. (i) Development is a process which has a notion of going further up and improving the quality of life.
(ii) It is linked to sustainability since it has to be maintained for future generations.
(iii) Resources need to be used wisely so that they can be replenished.
(iv) Overuse of resources exhaust them. For example, petroleum.
(v) If development is not sustainable, it will give rise to environmental degradation and become a global problem.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post Social Economics CBSE Class 10 Understanding Economic Development HOTS appeared first on Learn CBSE.

Social Economics Understanding Economic Development VBQ CBSE Class 10

Q.1.‘The development goals that people have me not only about better Income but also about other Important things in life.’ Explain. Mention any two goals of a student.
Or ‘
‘For development people look at a mix of goals’. Support the statement with suitable examples. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Or
Apart from income, which other six things people look for ? [CBSE 2012]
Though income is one of the most important
Ans. components of development but there are
other important things, such as :
(i) People also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect.
(ii) Women need safe and secure environment to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
(iii) People also need political rights.
(iv) People seek a pollution-free environment.
Students goal :
(i) Better Education.
(ii) Pollution free environment.

Q.2. What do you mean by public facilities ? Why are they important ? Name two public facilities available in India.
Ans. Public facilities are the essential facilities for the community at large and are provided by the government.
Important :
They are important because there are many services like education, health, transportation etc., which have become cheap and affordable if provided, collectively.
Public facilities : Rail transport and – . government schools.

Q.3. Why is literacy essential for the economic ‘ development ? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans, (i) Illiterate people are easily cheated and exploited by the traders, shopkeepers and employers.
(ii) There is shortage of skilled workers in India, this shortage can be reduced only through literacy.
(iii) Most of the illiterate people are engaged in primary and unorganised sector so their earning is very low.

Q.4. ‘Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that one need’.
With reference to the given statement mention any four things which money can not buy for an individual.
Ans. (i) Peace
(ii) Pollution free environment
(iii) Good health (iu) Freedom

Q.5. The annual Per Capita Incomes of three countries are given below. Based on the guidelines set by the World Bank Report (2012), classify these countries as high income, low income or developing.
• Country A : US $ 5,000
• Country B : US $ 15,580
• Country C : US $ 12,280 [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) Country A with Per Capita Income of US $ 5,000 comes under Low Income Countries.
(ii) Country B with Per Capita Income of US $ 15,580 lies in the category of High Income Countries.
(iii) Country C with Per Capita Income of US $ 12,280 falls in the category of Developing countries.

Q.6. Think of any three developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family. Describe them. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) He may think to get quality education and persue his studies abroad.
(ii) He may require the availability of vocational education and training.
(iii) He may require capital to start his own business.

Q.7. Apart from salary, what other goals can you have in mind while taking up a new job ? Explain. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. (i) Security
(ii) Working Environment
(iii) Opportunity to learn
(iv) Pollution from environment.

Q.8. How do the women engaged in paid jobs fulfill mix of goals ? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Ans. (I) Economic independency : If a women is working she will get economic independency.
(ii) Equality : As per the law working women need to be treated equally.
(iii) Respected : A working women will get respect not only in the family but in the society also.

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

The post Social Economics Understanding Economic Development VBQ CBSE Class 10 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Science Consumer Rights

Page 87
Question 1: Why are rules and regulations required in the marketplace? Illustrate with a few examples.
Answer: Rules and regulations are required in the marketplace to protect consumers. Sellers often abdicate responsibility for a low-quality product, cheat in weighing out goods, add extra charges over the retail price, and sell adulterated/ defective goods. Hence, rules and regulations are needed to protect the scattered buyers from powerful and fewer producers who monopolise markets. For example, a grocery shop owner might sell expired products, and then blame the customer for not checking the date of expiry before buying the items.

Question 2: What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution?
Answer: The factors that gave birth to the consumer movement in India are manifold. It started as a “social force” with the need to protect and promote consumer interests against unfair and unethical trade practices. Extreme food shortages, hoarding, black marketing and adulteration of food led to the consumer movement becoming an organised arena in the 1960s. Till the 1970s, consumer organisations were mostly busy writing articles and holding exhibitions. More recently, there has been an upsurge in the number of consumer groups who have shown concern towards ration shop malpractices and overcrowding of public transport vehicles. In 1986, the Indian government enacted the Consumer Protection Act, also known as COPRA. This was a major step in the consumer movement in India.

Question 3: Explain the need for consumer consciousness by giving two examples.
Answer: There is a need for consumer consciousness so that the buyers themselves can take action against cheating traders. The ISI and Agmark logos are certifications of good quality. Consumers must look for such certifications while buying goods and services. Secondly, to be able to discriminate and make informed choices, a consumer needs to have an adequate knowledge of the goods or services purchased by him/her.

Question 4: Mention a few factors which cause exploitation of consumers.
Answer: Exploitation of consumers is caused by a variety of factors. Producers are always looking for easy ways to increase profits. Adulterated or low-quality goods have less production costs, and if the consumer is unaware or illiterate, it is easy to cheat him/her. Also, shopkeepers brush off their responsibility by claiming that the manufacturer is to blame. Consumers feel helpless in this situation. Often, when the consumers are known not to check the retail price of a commodity on its packing, sellers add extra charges to the same. In places where there is no awareness of consumer rights and the COPRA, consumer exploitation is rampant.

Question 5:What is the rationale behind the enactment of Consumer Protection Act 1986?
Answer: The rationale behind the enactment of Consumer Protection Act of 1986 is to protect the consumer against unethical and unfair trade practices. Also, it recognises the consumer’s right to be informed, right to choose, right to seek redressal and right to represent himself/herself in consumer courts.

Question 6: Describe some of your duties as consumers if you visit a shopping complex in your locality.
Answer: Some of my duties as a consumer if I visit a shopping complex include checking expiry dates of the products I wish to purchase, paying only the maximum retail price printed on the goods, preventing shopkeepers from duping me with defective products, and registering a complaint with a consumer forum or court in case a seller refuses to take responsibility for an adulterated or flawed product.

Question 7: Suppose you buy a bottle of honey and a biscuit packet. Which logo or mark you will have to look for and why?
Answer: While buying a bottle of honey or a biscuit packet, the logo or mark one will have to look for is ISI or Agmark. These are logos certifying the quality of goods in the market. Only those producers are allowed to use these marks who follow certain quality standards set by the organisations issuing these certifications. Thus, if a bottle of honey or a biscuit packet has one of these logos on it, then it implies that the product is of good quality.

Question 8: What legal measures were taken by the government to empower the consumers in India?
Answer: Legal measures taken by the government to empower consumers in India are plenty. First and foremost being the COPRA in 1986. Then, in October 2005, the Right to Information Act was passed, ensuring citizens all information about the functioning of government departments. Also, under COPRA, a consumer can appeal in state and national courts, even if his case has been dismissed at the district level. Thus, consumers even have the right to represent themselves in consumer courts now.

Question 9: Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences on each?
Answer: Some of the rights of consumers include the right to be informed, the right to choose, the right to seek redressal and the right to representation in consumer courts. Under the RTI Act of 2005, consumers can now even get information regarding the working of government departments. The right to choose allows a consumer to choose if he wishes to continue or discontinue the use of a service he purchased. The right to seek redressal permits a consumer to complain against unfair trade practices and exploitation.

Question 10: By what means can the consumers express their solidarity?
Answer: Consumers can express their solidarity by forming consumer groups that write articles or hold exhibitions against traders’ exploitation. These groups guide individuals on how to approach a consumer court, and they even fight cases for consumers. Such groups receive financial aid from the government to create public awareness. Participation of one and all will further strengthen consumer solidarity.

Question 11: Critically examine the progress of consumer movement in India?
Answer: The consumer movement in India has evolved vastly since it began. There has been a significant change in consumer awareness in the country. Till the enactment of COPRA in 1986, the consumer movement did not bear much force, but ever since its inception, the movement has been empowered substantially. The setting up of consumer courts and consumer groups has been a progressive move. However, in contemporary India, the consumer redressal process is quite complicated, expensive and time-consuming. Filing cases, attending court proceedings, hiring lawyers, and other procedures make it cumbersome. In India, there are over 700 consumer groups of which, unfortunately, only about 20-25 are well-organised and functioning smoothly.

Question 13: Say True or False.
(i) COPRA applies only to goods.
(ii) India is one of the many countries in the world which has exclusive courts for consumer redressal.
(iii) When a consumer feels that he has been exploited, he must file a case in the District Consumer Court.
(iv) It is worthwhile to move to consumer courts only if the damages incurred are of high value.
(v) Hallmark is the certification maintained for standardisation of jewellry.
(vi) The consumer redressal process is very simple and quick.
(vii) A consumer has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of the damage.
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True
(vi) False
(vii) True

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

More Resources for CBSE Class 10:

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Science Consumer Rights appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Economics Chapter 3 Money and Credit

Page 52:
Question 1: In situations with high risks, credit might create further problems for the borrower. Explain?
Answer: Whether a credit would be useful or not, will depend on a number of factors like – risks involved, whether there is some support against a loss, terms of credit etc. It is a fact that in situations with high risks, credit might create further problems for the borrower. For example, credit taken by farmers for cultivation might create problems for the farmer at some times. Crop production involves high costs on inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation etc. Farmers generally take loans at the beginning of the season and repay the loan after harvest. But the failure of the crop makes loan repayment impossible. Then in order to repay the loan sometimes, they become bound to sell part of their land. So, their situations become worse than before. The incidences of farmers’ suicides especially in Maharashtra are the burning examples of this situation.
Thus, whether a credit would be useful or not, depends on the various risks involved in the situation.

Question 2: How does money solve the problem of double coincidence of wants? Explain with example of your own.
Answer: In a barter system where goods are directly exchanged without the use of money, double coincidence of wants is an essential feature. By serving as a medium of exchanges, money removes the need for double coincidence of wants and the difficulties associated with the barter system. For example, it is no longer necessary for the farmer to look for a book publisher who will buy his cereals at the same time sell him books. All he has to do is find a buyer for his cereals. If he has exchanged his cereals for money, he can purchase any goods or service which he needs. This is because money acts as a medium of exchange.

Question 3: How do banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who need money?
Answer: We know that banks accept the deposits from the people who have surplus money and also pay an interest on the deposits.
But banks keep only a small portion (15 per cent in India) of their deposits as cash with themselves. This is kept as provision to pay the depositors who might come to withdraw money from their accounts in the bank on any day. They use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans to those who need money. In this way banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who need money.

Question 4: Look at a 10 rupee note. What is written on top? Can you explain this statement?
“Reserve Bank of India” and “Guaranteed by the Government” are written on top.
Answer: In India, Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the central government. The statement means that the currency is authorized or guaranteed by the Central Government. That is, Indian law legalizes the use of rupee as a medium of payment that can not be refused in setting transaction in India.

Question 5: Why do we need to expand formal sources of credit in India?
Answer: We need to expand formal sources of credit in India for many reasons:
1. Compared to formal lenders, most of the informal lenders charge much higher interest rates on loans like 3% to 5% per month i.e. 36% a year.
2. Besides the high interest rate, informal lenders impose various other tough conditions. For example, they make the farmers promise to sell the crop to him at a low price. There is no such condition in formal sector.
3. Informal lenders do not treat well with the borrowers. On the other hand, there is no such situation no such situation in the formal sector.
4. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans. In contrast, there no organization which supervises the credit activities of lenders in the informal sector.
5. Loans taken by poor people from informal lenders sometimes, lead them to debt-trap because of high interest rate.
6. The formal sources of credit in India still meets only about half of the total credit needs of the rural people.
So, it is necessary that the formal sources of credit expand their lending especially in rural areas, so that the dependence on informal sources of credit reduces as this will also help in the development of the country.

Question 6: What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor? Explain in your own words.
Answer: The basic behind the SHGs is to provide a financial resource for the poor through organizing the rural poor especially women, into small Self Help Groups. They also provide timely loans at a responsible interest rate without collateral.
Thus, the main objectives of the SHGs are:
1. To organize rural poor especially women into small Self Help Groups.
2. To collect savings of their members.
3. To provide loans without collateral.
4. To provide timely loans for a variety of purposes.
5. To provide loans at responsible rate of interest and easy terms.
6. Provide platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such education, health, nutrition, domestic violence etc.

Question 7: What are the reasons why the banks might not be willing to lend to certain borrowers?
Answer: The banks might not be willing to lend certain borrowers due to the following reasons:
(a) Banks require proper documents and collateral as security against loans. Some persons fail to meet these requirements.
(b) The borrowers who have not repaid previous loans, the banks might not be willing to lend them further.
(c) The banks might not be willing to lend those entrepreneurs who are going to invest in the business with high risks.
(d) One of the principle objectives of a bank is to earn more profits after meeting a number of expenses. For this purpose it has to adopt judicious loan and investment policies which ensure fair and stable return on the funds.

Question 8: In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of banks? Why is this necessary?
Answer: The Reserve Bank of India monitors the amount of money that banks loan out, and also the amount of cash balance maintained by them. It also ensures that banks give out loans not just to profiteering businesses but also to small cultivators, small scale industries and small borrowers. Periodically, banks are supposed to submit information to the RBI on the amounts lent, to whom and at what rates of interest.
This monitoring is necessary to ensure that equality is preserved in the financial sector, and that small industries are also given an outlet to grow. This is also done to make sure that banks do not loan out more money than they are supposed to, as this can lead to situations like the Great Depression of the 1930s in the USA, which greatly affected the world economy as well.

Question 9: Analyse the role of credit for development.
Answer: Credit plays a crucial role in a country’s development. By sanctioning loans to developing industries and trade, banks provide them with the necessary aid for improvement. This leads to increased production, employment and profits. However, caution must be exercised in the case of high risks so that losses do not occur. This advantage of loans also needs to be manipulated and kept under an administrative hold because loans from the informal sector include high interest rates that may be more harmful than good. For this reason, it is important that the formal sector gives out more loans so that borrowers are not duped by moneylenders, and can ultimately contribute to national development.

Question 10: Manav needs a loan to set up a small business. On what basis will Manav decide whether to borrow from the bank or the moneylender? Discuss.
Answer: Manav will decide whether to borrow from the bank or the money lender on the basis of the following terms of credit:
(a) rate of interest
(b) requirements availability of collateral and documentation required by banker.
(c) mode of repayment.
Depending on these factors and of course, easier terms of repayment, Manav has to decide whether he has to borrow from the bank or the moneylender.

Question 11: In India about 80 per cent of farmers are small farmers, who need for cultivation.
(a) Why might banks be unwilling to lend to small farmers?
(b) What are the other sources from which the small farmers can borrow?
(c) Explain with an example how the terms of credit can be unfavorable for the small farmer.
(d) Suggest some ways by which small farmers can get cheap credit.
Answer:
(a) Banks might not be willing to lend to small farmers because they don’t have collateral security to deposit in the bank. Some of these farmers are not in the
position of paying loan, due to already existing loan.
(b The other sources of borrowing are from moneylenders, employer, self-help group, landlord, etc.
(c) For example, if a person takes loan from his/her landlord on the basis of security of his/her land. At the end, be/she is not able to pay the loan then
landlord can sell ,land and get his money back.
(d) Small farmers can get cheap credit by the help of self-help group (SHGs) from bank and they can repay the loan easily after 3 or 4 years. The rate of interest
is also low as compared to other sources of credit.

Question 12: Fill in the blanks:
(i) Majority of the credit needs of the __________households are met from informal sources.
(ii) __________costs of borrowing increase the debt-burden.
(iii) __________issues currency notes on behalf of the Central Government.
(iv) Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on __________.
(v) __________is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee until the loan is repaid to the lender.
Answer: (i) Majority of the credit needs of the poor households are met from informal sources.
(ii) High costs of borrowing increase the debt-burden.
(iii) Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the Central Government.
(iv) Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on deposits.
(v) Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee until the loan is repaid to the lender.

Question 13: Choose the most appropriate answer.
(i) In a SHG most of the decisions regarding savings and loan activities are taken by
(a) Bank.
(b) Members.
(c) Non-government organisation.
(ii) Formal sources of credit does not include
(a) Banks.
(b) Cooperatives.
(c) Employers.
Answer:
(i) (b)
(ii) (c)

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

More Resources for CBSE Class 10:

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Economics Chapter 3 Money and Credit appeared first on Learn CBSE.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Science: Economics Chapter 4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy

Listen to Audio Solutions for Globalisation and the Indian Economy

Page 72:
Question 1: What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words.
Answer: Globalisation in today’s world has come to imply many things. It is the process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This term is also often used to refer to economic globalisation: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investments, capital flows, migration and the spread of technology.

Question 2: What was the reason for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?
Answer: Barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment were put by the Indian government to protect domestic producers from foreign competition, especially when industries had just begun to come up in the 1950s and 1960s. At this time, competition from imports would have been a death blow to growing industries. Hence, India allowed imports of only essential goods.
Later, in the 1990s, the government wished to remove these barriers because it felt that domestic producers were ready to compete with foreign industries. It felt that foreign competition would in fact improve the quality of goods produced by Indian industries. This decision was also supported by powerful international organisations.

Question 3: How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
Answer: Flexibility in labour laws will help companies in being competitive and progressive. By easing up on labour laws, company heads can negotiate wages and terminate employment, depending on market conditions. This will lead to an increase in the company’s competitiveness.

Question 4: What are the various ways in which MNCs set up, or control, production in other countries?
Answer: The various ways in which MNCs set up, or control, production in other countries are by buying out domestic companies or making the latter work for them. Sometimes, MNCs buy mass produce of domestic industries, and then sell it under their own brand name, at much higher rates, in foreign countries. MNCs look towards developing nations to set up trade because in such places, the labour and manufacturing costs are much lower.

Question 5: Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should the developing countries demand in return?
Answer: Developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment because then the MNCs belonging to the developed countries can set up factories in less-expensive developing nations, and thereby increase profits, with lower manufacturing costs and the same sale price. In my opinion, the developing countries should demand, in return, for some manner of protection of domestic producers against competition from imports. Also, charges should be levied on MNCs looking to set base in developing nations.

Question 6: “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.
Answer: “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform”. The truth of this statement can be verified if we observe the impact of MNCs on domestic producers and the industrial working class. Small producers of goods such as batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, tyres, dairy products and vegetable oil have been hit hard by competition from cheaper imports. Also, workers are now employed “flexibly” in the face of growing competition. This has reduced their job security. Efforts are now on to make globalisation “fair” for all since it has become a worldwide phenomenon.

Question 7: How has liberalisation of trade and investment policies helped the globalisation process?
Answer: Liberalisation of trade and investment policies has helped the globalisation process by making foreign trade and investment easier. Earlier, several developing countries had placed barriers and restrictions on imports and investments from abroad to protect domestic production. However, to improve the quality of domestic goods, these countries have removed the barriers. Thus, liberalisation has led to a further spread of globalisation because now businesses are allowed to make their own decisions on imports and exports. This has led to a deeper integration of national economies into one conglomerate whole.

Question 8: How does foreign trade lead to integration of markets across countries? Explain with an example other than those given here.
Answer: Foreign trade leads to integration of markets across countries by the processes of imports and exports. Producers can make available their goods in markets beyond domestic ones via exports. Likewise, buyers have more choice on account of imports from other countries. This is how markets are integrated through foreign trade. For example, Japanese electronic items are imported to India, and have proved to be a tough competition for less-technologically-advanced companies here.

Question 9: Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer: Globalisation will continue in the future. Twenty years from now, the world will be more globally connected and integrated into one international economy, if this process continues on a fair and equitable basis. Trade and capital flows will increase alongside the mobility of labour. This will occur because liberalisation will get augmented and MNCs will converge with other companies producing the same goods.

Question 10: Supposing you find two people arguing: One is saying globalisation has hurt our country’s development. The other is telling, globalisation is helping India develop. How would you respond to these organisations?
Answer: Globalisation has hurt our country’s development because: firstly, it has led to the annihilation of small producers who face stiff competition from cheaper imports. Secondly, workers no longer have job security and are employed “flexibly”.
Globalisation is helping India develop on account of the following reasons: firstly, the competition it entails has led to rise in the quality of products in the market. Secondly, it has made available a wider variety of goods in the market, for the buyer to choose from. Now, imported goods are easily available alongside domestic products.

Question 11: Fill in the blanks.
Indian buyers have a greater choice of goods than they did two decades back. This is closely associated with the process of ______________. Markets in India are selling goods produced in many other countries. This means there is increasing ______________ with other countries. Moreover, the rising number of brands that we see in the markets might be produced by MNCs in India. MNCs are investing in India because _____________. While consumers have more choices in the market, the effect of rising _______________ and ______________has meant greater ________________among the producers.
Answer:
Indian buyers have a greater choice of goods than they did two decades back. This is closely associated with the process of globalisation. Markets in India are selling goods produced in many other countries. This means there is increasing trade with other countries. Moreover, the rising number of brands that we see in the markets might be produced by MNCs in India. MNCs are investing in India because of cheaper production costs. While consumers have more choices in the market, the effect of rising demand and purchasing power has meant greater competition among the producers.

Question 13: Choose the most appropriate option.
(i) The past two decades of globalisation has seen rapid movements in
(a) goods, services and people between countries.
(b) goods, services and investments between countries.
(c) goods, investments and people between countries.
(ii) The most common route for investments by MNCs in countries around the world is to
(a) set up new factories.
(b) buy existing local companies.
(c) form partnerships with local companies.
(iii) Globalisation has led to improvement in living conditions
(a) of all the people
(b) of people in the developed countries
(c) of workers in the developing countries
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(i) (b)
(ii) (b)
(iii) (d)

NCERT SolutionsMathsScienceSocialEnglishHindiSanskritRD Sharma

More Resources for CBSE Class 10:

The post NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Social Economics Chapter 4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy appeared first on Learn CBSE.