Narendra Modi Education Scholarship Scheme 2019: Our Respective PM, Narendra Modi has announced Scholarship Schemes for Class 10th and 12th Students on basis of Marks. This Scholarship Scheme is disbursed in the name of  Abdul Kalam and Atal Bihari Vajpayee for the academic Year of 2019. For students who are willing to go for higher studies, this scheme is helpful to them to go for higher education. Scholarship Scheme is based on board exam Marks, and scholarship payment is different for different marks. Read on to know more about how to apply for Scholarship, Scholarship Amount, Eligibility Criteria, Qualification, Education Scholarship Registration.

Scholarship Scheme Details for Class 10th and 12th

Students who passed in Board Exams of class 10th and 12th can apply for this Scholarship Scheme 2019. PM Modi gave opportunities for Students to grow in their Education Carrer.

Download Application form for Central Sector Scholarship Scheme From Here

Number of Scholarships Available / Amount

• A total number of 5500 wards/widows of Ex-servicemen are selected for Scholarship in each academic year.
• Scholarships are equally divided amongst boys and girls.
• Scholarships are paid for a period of one to five years as per the duration of the courses approved by the concerned regulatory bodies.
• The scholarship amount is paid annually to the selected students.
• Scholarship Amount, 2000/- PM For Boys and 2250/- PM For Girls

Get the List of Authorised Professional Degree Courses Under PMSS From Here

Students Eligible for Scholarship

• Students who have taken admission in 1st year (except Lateral Entry & Integrated course) are only eligible to apply for PMSS. Students must apply online on KSB web portal www.ksb.gov.in. Students should have scored 60% and above in Minimum Educational Qualification (MEQ) i.e 10+2 / Diploma / Graduation.
• Students studying in 2nd and subsequent years are not eligible. (except for integrated courses – where the 1st portion is academic and 2nd portion is integrated as a professional course, in such cases student need to apply for the scholarship on taking admission as per ‘Para 16 of Important Instructions’ available at link PMSS – New Application – How to Apply for Scholarship.
• Students who are Dependent Wards / Widows of Ex-Servicemen & Ex-Coast Guard personnel.
• Wards of Civilians including Para-Military Personnel are Not Eligible.

Priority for Grant of Scholarship

Order of preference for selection of candidates will be as under

• Category 1 – Wards & Widows of ESM / Ex-Coast Guard personnel killed in action.
• Category 2  – Wards of ESM / Ex-Coast Guard personnel disabled in action and boarded out of service with disability attributable to Military / Coast Guard service.
• Category 3 – Wards & Widows of ESM / Ex-Coast Guard personnel who died while in service for causes attributable to Military / Coast Guard Service.
• Category 4 – Wards of ESM / Ex-Coast Guard personnel disabled in service with disability attributable to Military / Coast Guard Service.
• Category 5 – Wards & Widows of ESM / Ex-Coast Guard personnel in receipt of gallantry awards.
• Category 6 – Wards / Widows of ESM / Ex-Coast Guard personnel (PBOR Only).

Eligible Courses

The Eligibility Criteria for PMSS Courses are as Under

• First Professional Degree Courses like BE, B Tech, BDS, MBBS, B Ed, BBA, BCA, B Pharma, etc. duly recognized by the respective Government Regulatory Bodies, such as All India Council for Technical Education, Medical Council of India, UGC, etc.
• Master Degree Courses are not eligible for PMSS except MBA / Management / MCA Courses.
• Students studying abroad are not eligible for this scheme. No distance learning course is permitted under PMSS. PMSS can be availed for ONE COURSE only

Minimum Eligible Marks in MEQ

Minimum Educational Qualification (MEQ) for entry to various professional courses differs e.g. for MBBS it is 10+2 whereas for BE/B Tech it is 10+2 / Diploma, It is graduation for B.Ed and MBA. A candidate must have minimum 60% marks in MEQ to apply for PM Scholarship Scheme. All subjects will be taken for calculation of 60% marks and not out of best subjects.

Scholarship Scheme for Integrated Courses

Tamil Nadu State Education Scholarship Scheme Details

Educational Scholarship – Educational Scholarship to Children of Servicemen / Ex-Servicemen, Sri Lankan and other Refugees.

Educational Scholarship to Children of Scavengers / Sweepers – Educational Scholarship to Children of Scavengers/sweepers

Educational Scholarship to School Students – Adi Dravida, Tribal, Most Backward Denotified Communities. Backward Communities Welfare Scholarship

Scholar Ship Scheme for School Students

The post Narendra Modi Education Scholarship Scheme 2019 for 10th & 12th Marks Basis appeared first on Learn CBSE.

When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary In English

Introduction
Thomas Hardy once visited a Parish to supervise the restoration of a church. On his return people noticed two things about him. There was a new glow in his eyes. There was also a piece of paper peeping out of his coat pocket. This paper had the draft of the present poem.

Going for the Restoration
The poet says that he had gone for the res-toration of a church. When he started he hardly knew that the visit would be so invigorating. It proved to be like visiting Lyonnesse. He had left for the Parish all alone on a very cold evening. The Parish was a hundred miles away. The foliage was covered with frost. The stars guided his lonesome path.

Stay at the Parish
He had to stay at the Parish for sometime. In that short period, he found something happening to him. It was an inner change which was sudden and unexpected. The poet says that at the start of his journey no one could think of such a change in him. No prophet or wizard could have guessed the happening there.

The Inner Change
When the poet returned from the Parish, everyone noticed a glow in his eyes. They didn’t speak a word. However, they were impressed by the rare and deep radiance of his eyes.

When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary In Hindi

भूमिका
किसी चर्च के पुनरुद्धार के निरीक्षण के लिए एक बार थामस | हार्डी को एक पेरिश में जाना पड़ा। उसके लौटने पर लोगों ने | उसकी दो बातों पर ध्यान दिया। उसकी आँखों में एक नई चमक थी। उसकी कोट-पाकिट से एक कागज भी बाहर झांक रहा था। इस कागज पर प्रस्तुत कविता का प्रारूप (मसौदा/पाण्डुलेख/खाका) था।

पुनरुद्धार के लिए जाना
कवि कहता है कि वह एक चर्च के पुनरूद्धार के लिए गया था। जब वह गया था तो उसे बिल्कुल पता न था कि यह यात्रा इतनी स्फूर्तिदायक होगी। यह तो Lyonnesse (सर ट्रीस्ट्रम का जन्मस्थान) की यात्रा के समान रहा। वह पेरिश को जब गया तो यह एक सर्द शाम थी और वह अकेला था। पेरिश सौ मील दूर था। पेड़ की पत्तियों पर बर्फ जमी थी। उसके एकाकी मार्ग पर तारे मार्गदर्शन कर रहे थे।

पेरिश में निवास
कुछ समय के लिए उसे पेरिश में रुकना पड़ा। उस छोटे | अन्तराल में उसे लगा जैसे उसके साथ कुछ घटित हो रहा है। यह एक ऐसा आंतरिक बदलाव था जो अचानक और अनपेक्षित था। कवि कहता है कि उसकी यात्रा के प्रारंभ में कोई उसके अंदर ऐसी बदल आने की कल्पना नहीं कर सकता था। कोई देवदूत या | जादूगर उस घटनाक्रम का अंदाजा नहीं लगा सकता था।

आंतरिक परिवर्तन
जब कवि पेरिश से लौट कर आया तो हर व्यक्ति ने उसकी | आँखों में एक चमक देखी। वे कुछ नहीं बोले। पर वे उसकी आँखों की दुर्लभ और अद्भुत गहरी चमक से प्रभावित थे।

Class 8 English Notes

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On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary In English

Introduction
It is not a story-poem. Grasshopper is a symbol of hot summer. Cricket is a symbol of very cold winter. Every poet has found great beauty and poetry in spring and fine weather. Keats is different. He finds nature beautiful in all seasons not excluding the hot summer and cold winter.

Hot Summer
The earth is always singing. The birds stop singing in the hot summer. They seem to have fainted in the hot sun. They hide themselves in cooling trees. At that time a grasshopper can be seen flying from hedge and singing delightfully. He sings tirelessly. When tired, he rests beneath some weed.

Cold Winter
The birds are silent in very cold winter too. Then, the earth expresses its pleasure through different beings. On a frosty winter day, there seems to be utter silence. Then suddenly this silence is broken not from the trees but from the stones. It is the song of a cricket. The song seems to be increasing in warmth every moment. The people hear it in their houses. To someone half-asleep, it may seem to be a grasshopper’s song coming from grassy hills.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary In Hindi

भूमिका
यह कोई कथात्मक कविता नहीं है। टिड्डा तेज गर्मी के मौसम का प्रतीक है। झींगुर बड़ी सर्द शीतऋतु का प्रतीक है। हर कवि को बसंत और सुंदर मौसम में बड़ा सौंदर्य और कविता दिखती है। कीट्स अलग है। उसे प्रकृति हर मौसम में सुंदर लगती है और इसमें गर्म ग्रीष्म और सर्द शीत भी शामिल हैं।

गर्म ग्रीष्म
पृथ्वी लगातार गाती है। पक्षी गर्म ग्रीष्म में गाना बंद कर देते हैं। लगता है गर्म धूप में वे मूर्छित हो गए हैं। वे ठंडे वृक्षों में छिप जाते हैं। उस समय टिड्डे को पौधों की एक बाड़ से दूसरी बाड़ की ओर उड़ते हुए खुशी से गाते हुए देखा जा सकता है। वह अनथक गाता ही जाता है। जब थक जाता है तब वह किसी जंगली पौधे के नीचे विश्राम कर लेता है।

सर्द शीत
अति सर्द शीत ऋतु में भी पक्षी शांत हैं। तब पृथ्वी भिन्न प्राणियों के द्वारा अपनी प्रसन्नता की अभिव्यक्ति करती है। बर्फ से भरे शीत ऋतु में पूर्ण नीरवता दिखाई देती है। तब अचानक इस सन्नाटे को तोड़ती आवाज वृक्षों से नहीं बल्कि पत्थर से आती है। यह किसी झींगुर का संगीत है। प्रतिक्षण गर्मी में इस संगीत का स्वर ऊँचा होता दिखाई देता है। लोग अपने घरों में इसे सुनते हैं। अर्धनिद्रा में डूबे किसी व्यक्ति को यह हरी भरी पहाड़ियों से आता हुआ किसी टिड्डे का संगीत लग सकता है।

Class 8 English Notes

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The Duck and the Kangaroo Summary In English

Two Friends
A Duck and a Kangaroo were friends. One day the Duck made a request to the Kangaroo. It said that its life in the pond was a bore. So the Duck requested the Kangaroo to take him on his back around the world. He promised to sit quite still and say nothing but ‘Quack’.

The Kangaroo’s Objection
The Kangaroo gave a thought to the Duck’s request. He told the Duck of only one difficulty. The Duck’s feet were unpleasantly wet and cold. These wet feet could give the Kangaroo rheumatism.

The Duck’s Solution
The Duck said that he had already thought over that problem. He had bought four pairs of worsted socks. These socks fitted his web- feet neatly. To keep out the cold, the Duck had also bought a cloak. Besides, he would also smoke a cigar everyday.

A Happy Ending
At this Kangaroo happily offered to take the Duck around the world. The Duck sat at the end of the Kangaroo’s tail. They took three rounds of the world and both of them were very happy.

The Duck and the Kangaroo Summary In Hindi

दो मित्र
एक बत्तख और कंगारू मित्र थे। एक दिन बत्तख ने कंगारू से एक विनती की। उसने कहा कि तालाब के अंदर उसका जीवन बड़ा उबाऊ है। अत: बत्तख ने कंगारू से आग्रह किया कि वह उसे अपनी पीठ पर बिठा कर दुनिया की सैर करवाये। उसने वचन दिया कि वह स्थिर बैठेगा और ‘क्वेक’ के अतिरिक्त कुछ न कहेगा।

कंगारू की आपत्ति
कंगारू ने बत्तख के आग्रह पर विचार किया। उसने बत्तख को सिर्फ एक मुश्किल के बारे में बताया। बत्तख के पैर असहनीय रूप से ठंडे और गीले थे। इन गीले पैरों से कंगारू को गठिया (हड्डी के दर्द का रोग) हो जाऐगा।

बत्तख का हल
बत्तख ने कहा कि इस समस्या पर वह पहले ही विचार कर चुका था। उसने चार जोड़ी ऊनी जुराब खरीद लिए थे। उसके जाल-दार पैरों में ये जुराबें पूरी तरह फिट आते थे। ठंड से बचने के लिए बत्तख ने एक गाउन भी खरीदा था। इसके अतिरिक्त वह रोजाना एक सिगार भी पीयेगा।

सुखद अंत
इस पर कंगारू खुशी-खुशी बत्तख को संसार की सैर पर ले जाने के लिए तैयार हो गया। बत्तख कंगारू की पूँछ के सिरे पर बैठ गया। उन्होंने संसार के तीन चक्कर लगाए और दोनों बड़े खुश थे।

Class 8 English Notes

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CBSE Class 6 Maths Notes Chapter 10 Mensuration

With each plane figure, two things are positively associated:
(i) Region
(ii) Boundary.
For comparison of two plane figures, some measures are needed.

Perimeter
The perimeter of a closed figure is the distance covered along the line forming the closed figure when we make a complete round of the figure once.

The concept of the parameter is widely used in our daily life. For example, in fencing a field, in preparing a track to conduct sports, in building a compound wall on all sides of a house, etc.

Perimeter of a rectangle = Sum of the lengths of its four sides = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

Perimeter of regular shapes
Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × length of a side

The perimeter of a square = 4 × length of a side

There is an interesting similarity between a square and an equilateral triangle. They are figures having the sides of equal length and all the angles of equal measure. Such figures are known as regular closed figures. Thus, a square and an equilateral triangle are regular closed figures.

Area
The amount of surface enclosed by a closed figure is called its area.
The comparison of two figures as to which one has a larger area is difficult to make just by looking at these figures. To solve the purpose, we put the figure on a squared paper or graph paper whose every square measure 1 cm × 1 cm. Make an outline of the figure. Look at the squares enclosed by the figure. Some of them are completely enclosed, some half, some less than half and some more than half. To overcome this difficulty, the following convention is adopted:
The area of one full square is taken as 1 square unit. If it is a centimeter square sheet, the area of one full square will be 1 sq cm.

Ignore portions of the area that are less than half a square.

If more than half of a square is in a region, just count it as one square.

If exactly half the square is counted, take its area as sq unit.

Finally, the area of the figure is the number of centimeter squares that are needed to cover it.

Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth

Area of a square = Side × Side.

Class 6 Maths Notes

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CBSE Class 6 Maths Notes Chapter 11 Algebra

The branch of mathematics in which we study numbers is called arithmetic. The branch of mathematics in which we study shapes is called geometry. Another branch of mathematics is Algebra.

In algebra, we use letters. Use of letters helps us in numerous ways as follows:

• Using letters we can write rules and formulae in a general way.
• Using letters we can talk about any number and not just a particular number.
• The letters may stand for unknown quantities. By learning methods of determining unknowns, we develop powerful tools for solving puzzles and many problems from daily life.
• Since letters stand for numbers, operations can be performed on them as on numbers. This leads to the study of algebraic expressions and their properties.

Matchstick Patterns
We can make letters and other shapes using matchsticks. We can write a general relation between the number of matchsticks required for repeating a given shape. The number of times a given shape is repeated varies; it takes on values 1, 2, 3,… . It is a variable, denoted by some letter n.

The Idea of a Variable
Variable means something that can vary (or change). The value of a variable is not fixed. It can take different values. The length of a square can have any value. It is a variable. But the number of angles of a triangle has a fixed value 3. It is not a variable. We may use any letter n, l, m, p, x, y, z, etc. to show a variable.

More Matchstick Patterns
We can make many letters of the alphabet and other shapes from matchsticks. For example U, V, triangle, Square, etc. In matchstick patterns, we use the variable n to give us the general rule for die number of matchsticks required to make a pattern. This is an important use of variables in Mathematics.

More Examples of Variables
To show a variable, we may use any letter as n, m, l, p, x,y, z, etc. Recall that a variable is a number, which does not have a fixed value. It can take on various values. For example, the number 10, or the number 100 or any other given number is not a variable. They have fixed values. Similarly, the number of comers of a quadrilateral (4) is fixed; it is also not a variable.

Use of Variables in Common Rules
Rules from geometry
Perimeter of a square (p) = 4l, where l is the length of the side of the square
Perimeter of a rectangle (p) = 2l + 2b, where l is the length and b is the breadth of the rectangle.

Rules from Arithmetic
Commutativity of Addition
Let a and b be two variables, which can take any numerical value.
Then, a + b = b + a
Commutativity of Multiplication
Let a and b be two variables.
Then, a × b = b × a
Distributivity of multiplication over addition
Let a, b and c be three variables.
Then a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
Associativity of addition
Let a, b and c be three variables.
Then, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c).

Expressions With Variables
We know that variables can take different values; they have no fixed value. But they are numbers. That is why as in the case of numbers, operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed on them. Using different operations, we can form expressions with variables like x – 2, x + 1, 3n, 2m, , 2y + 5, 3l – 7, etc.

Note: A number of expressions can be immediately evaluated.
For example: 3 × 4 + 6 = 12 + 6 = 18
But an expression containing the variable x cannot be evaluated until x is assigned same value.
For example,
When x = 1, 4x + 3 = 4 × 1 + 3 = 4 + 3 = 7.

Using Expressions Practically
Many statements described in ordinary language can be changed to statements using expressions with variables.

What is the Equation?
An equation is a condition on a variable. It is expressed by saying that expression with a variable is equal to a fixed number.
For example, x – 3 = 2.
An equation has two sides, LHS and RHS and between them, is file sign of equality (=).
The equation states that the value of the left-hand side (LHS) is equal to the value of the right-hand side (RHS).
If the LHS is not equal to the RHS, we do not get an equation.
For example, the statement 2n > 10 or 2n < 10 is not an equation.
Note: An equation like 10 – 1 = 9 is called a numerical equation as neither of its two sides contains a variable. Usually, the word equation is used only for equations involving one or more variables.

Solution of an Equation
The value of the variable in an equation for which LHS of the equation becomes equal to RHS of the equation is said to satisfy the equation and itself is called a solution of the equation. For example, n = 2 is a solution to the equation 2n = 4, where n = 3 is not a solution of the equation 3n = 13.

Getting a Solution to the Equation
For getting the solution of an equation, one method is trial and error method. In this method, we assign some value to the variable and check whether it satisfies the equation. We go on assigning this way different values to the variable until we find the right value which satisfies the equation.

But this is not a direct and practical way of finding a solution. We need a more systematic way of getting a solution of the equation than the trial and error method. In case of very simple equations, the variable is replaced by a place holder I and its value is determined by usual methods. Thus the value of the variable obtained is the solution of the equation.

Using an Equation
Originally, we are given an equation in a variable whose value is unknown to us. To solve the equation means to find the unknown value. Thus a variable in an equation is looked upon as unknown and starting from the unknown, we can see up the equation. Solving the equation is thus a method of finding the unknown. It is, therefore, a powerful method of solving puzzles and problems.

Class 6 Maths Notes

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Vedic Maths: Vedic Maths book was written by Swami Bharati Krishna Tirtha, who was an Indian monk. It was first published in 1965. Veda is basically a Sanskrit word, which means Knowledge. It has a list of mental calculation techniques which are said to be present in the Vedas. This book is actually mentioned as Vedic Mathematics. This has been criticized by academics, who have also opposed its formation in the Indian school curriculum.

Vedic Maths | Ancient Mathematical Techniques

This Mathematics is a collection of Techniques/Sutras to solve arithmetical problems in an easy and faster way. It consists of 16 Sutras and 13 sub-sutras which can be used for questions involved in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, conic. The sutras are basically the formulas which we use in the mathematical calculation.

Vedic Maths book was previously included in the syllabus of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh Board affiliated Schools. Some of the schools and organizations run by Hindu nationalist groups, also have included methods in their syllabus, even those groups which are outside India. The Hindu nationalists also tried to include these curricula in the NCERT books.

Vedic Maths Advantages and Uses

Once the student understands the system of mental mathematics, they will become more creative and start thinking logically. This maths is very flexible for them. The students can easily play with numbers with the help of this system.

Regular mathematical methods are sometimes complex and time-consuming. But if use Vedic Mathematic’s Procedure and Techniques, some of the calculations such as, sets of given data,  can be done very fast. Some of the more useful advantages of this Mathematics are;

• Its more than 1700% times faster than General Math. Thus, it could be considered as the World’s Fastest.
  It helps a child to lose the Math fear from his mind. Usually, students are scared of doing mathematical calculation because of the logic they have to use to solve it. Thus, this ancient Maths will help to solve the problems in the easiest way.
  It helps to increase the thinking capability and intelligence, along with a sharpening of the mind.
• Helps in increasing the speed and giving accurate answers.
• Students feel very confident about this subject, after improving their memory power.
• Students get interested more in numbers, they just have to apply their skills and have knowledge of tables to learn this.
• These maths calculation are of great use while preparing for competitive exams.

Vedic Maths Sutras

As mentioned before, it consists of 16 sutras. Below are the names of the Sutras and Upa sutras with their meaning and corollary.

We hope the detailed article on Vedic Maths is helpful. If you have any doubt regarding this article or Vedic Maths, drop your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

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CBSE Class 6 Maths Notes Chapter 12 Ratio and Proportion

There are two ways of comparison:
(i) By taking difference
(ii) By division.
The (ii) way is better than (i) way.

The comparison by division is called the ratio. In this way, we see how many times one quantity is to the other quantity.
For example: If Apala got 75 marks and Meenu got 25 marks in an examination, then we can say that the marks obtained by Apala are three times the marks obtained by Meenu.

Ratio
If we compare die two quantities in terms of ‘how many times’, then this comparison is known as the ratio.
Ratio is denoted by using the symbol ‘:’

For example, Apala’s weight is 20 kg and her father’s weight is 60 kg. We say that Apala’s father’s weight and Apala’s weight are in the ratio = = = 3 : 1.

For comparison by ratio, the two quantities must be in the same units. If they are not, they must be expressed in the same units before the ratio is taken.

The same ratio may occur in different situations.
For example,
(i) Length of a room is 15 cm and breadth is 10 m. So, the ratio of length of the room to the breadth of the room = = = 3 : 2

(ii) There are 30 girls and 20 boys in a class. Then, ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys = = = 3 : 2.

A ratio may be treated as a fraction. Thus, the ratio 2 : 3 may be treated as .

A ratio equivalent to a given ratio can be obtained by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number. Thus, few ratios equivalent to 2 : 3 are 4 : 6, 6 : 9, 8 : 12, etc.

Similarly, few ratios equivalent to 64 : 32 are 32 : 16, 16 : 8, 8 : 4, 4 : 2, 2 : 1, etc. If the fractions corresponding to equivalent ratios are equivalent, then the two ratios are equivalent.

The orders in which the quantities are taken to express their ratio is important. Note that the ratio 2 : 3 is different from 3 : 2.

A ratio can be expressed in its lowest form. For example, ratio 60 : 24 is in the form of a fraction. In its lowest form = = 5 : 2. thus, in its lowest form ratio 60 : 24 is treated as 5 : 2.

Proportion
If two ratios are equal we say that they are in proportion and use the symbol to equate the two ratios.
For example, 2 : 4 = 60 : 120
we write 2 : 4 :: 60 : 120
and say that 2, 4, 60 and 120 are in proportion.
Again,
2 : 5 ≠ 60 : 15
We say that 2, 5, 60 and 15 are not in proportion.
So, if two ratios are not equal, then we say that they are not in proportion.

Four quantities are said to be in proportion if the ratio of the first and the second quantities is equal to the ratio of the third and the fourth quantities. Thus, four quantities 3, 10, 15, 50 are in proportion, since = .
We write 3 : 10 :: 15 : 50 and read as 3 is to 10 as 15 is to 50.
Here, the first and the fourth terms, i.e., 3 and 50 are called the extreme terms while the second and the third terms, i.e., 10 and 15 are called the middle terms.

The order of terms in a proportion is important, 3, 10, 15, 50 are in proportion but 3, 10, 50, 15 are not, since ≠ .

Unitary Method
The method in which, first we find the value of one unit and then the value of the required number of units is called the Unitary Method.

For example, if the mice of 6 toys is ₹ 90 and we are to find out the price of 4 toys, then first we find the price of 1 toy as ₹ or ₹ 15. From this, we find the price of 4 toys as ₹ 15 × 4 or ₹ 60.

Class 6 Maths Notes

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CBSE Class 6 Maths Notes Chapter 13 Symmetry

In our daily life symmetry is a common term. When we see a figure with evenly balanced proportions, then we say that it is symmetrical.

If we can fold a picture in half such that the left and right halves match exactly, then the picture is said to have line symmetry. We can see that the two halves are mirror images of each other. If we place a mirror on the fold, then the image of one side of the picture will fall exactly on the other side of the picture. The line of the fold is called the line of symmetry. It divides the figure into two identical parts.

Making Symmetric Figures: Ink-Blot Devils
We can list a few objects from our surroundings of symmetry for these objects, which are symmetric. Also we can identify the lines

Figures with Two Lines of Symmetry
If we take a rectangular sheet and fold it length-wise or breadth-wise, we find that one half fits exactly over the other half. We say that a rectangle has two lines of symmetry.
Note: An isosceles triangle has only one line of symmetry.
A scalene triangle has no line of symmetry.

Figures with Multiple (Morethan Two) Lines of Symmetry
An Equilateral Triangle has three lines of symmetry whereas a circle has countless lines of symmetry.

Reflection and Symmetry
The line symmetry is closely related to mirror reflection. In mirror reflection, we have to take into account the left ↔ right changes in orientation.
Symmetry has numerous applications in our daily life.
For example, in art, architecture, textile technology, design relations, Rangoli, etc.

Class 6 Maths Notes

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JEE Main Preparation

JEE Mains Preparation: JEE Mains is the gateway to prestigious institutes like NIT’s and IIIT’s. It’s also the preliminary test for JEE Advanced, which lands you the ticket to the much-coveted IIT’s. All these facts may raise the pressure on the student, but if there are proper planning and ample preparation, this is no Herculean task.

JEE Main Preparation General Tips

• Make a proper timetable. Make sure that you get enough sleep and eat well. A healthy rested mind is very important to think clearly.
• Take timed breaks! If you study for extended periods of time, you might burn out. Increase your duration of studying little by little until you reach three hours. This will ensure that during the exam, you’re not distracted and restless.
• Along a similar line, a study in the morning as that is where the exam will be held.
• Give as many mock tests as possible. The exam tests not only your concepts but also your time management.
• Practise exam taking strategies. Start with the subject you’re the most confident in. Go through all the questions once, and start with the easy scoring ones.
• Do not take it upon your ego if you can’t solve a question that looks easy. Spending too much time on a question could lose you a lot of marks.
• But remember, past year papers are always a better estimate of the exam pattern and difficulty level.
• Make a proper note of the syllabus. There is a lot of difference between the syllabus for JEE mains and advanced.
• Remember that there is negative marking! Do not make blind guesses. It’ll only lower your score.
• But go for educated guesses! Since it’s an objective type examination, elimination and substitution will help immensely. The dimensional analysis will help a lot on the elimination part. Practice these skills in past year papers to see how you cope.
• Though the exams are hyped all over the media, it is not impossible to crack them. Mains is much easier than Advanced and is aimed at the average student. If you analyze past year papers, you’ll notice that a major portion of the paper consists of easy and moderate level questions – there are only a handful of difficult questions that will act as “rank deciders”.
• There is a lot of good preparation material available in the market, but the base is laid down by NCERT. A lot of people ignore these textbooks as they deem it too easy, but in the past, many questions have been asked directly from the same.
• There also a lot of good free resources available online, including Khan Academy, Rao IIT Academy, Exam fear, Etoos India, Aplus topper, etc. Make good use of them!

JEE Main Chemistry Preparation

This is, in general, the easiest subject in the paper. Practice inorganic chemistry regularly as memory is where a lot of students fail. Maintain a small notebook where you note down the points you forget the easiest. Revise them on a regular basis. A good reference book is an Inorganic chemistry by J.D. Lee.

Inorganic chemistry, make sure that you understand the mechanisms. Learning the reactions by rote will get you nowhere. For clearing your concepts, refer to Solomon and Fryhle, Morrison Boyd or Paul Bruice. Physical chemistry takes a lot of practice! Solve a lot of problems from O.P. Tandon and M.S. Chauhan.

JEE Main Mathematics Preparation

• This is a difficult subject for a lot of people. But with practice, you can ace it. Don’t ignore the mains specific topics like statistics, mathematical reasoning, relations, heights, and distances, etc. They are easy scoring topics.
• For co-ordinate geometry, draw the diagram. Even if you don’t know how to solve the problem, this will help you identify the relations between the different parameters involved.
• Practice solving problems within a time limit to improve your speed and accuracy. A good source for JEE math problems is S.K. Goyal. You might also want to refer to higher algebra by Hall and Knight.
• In trigonometry, know the basic properties by heart. Even if you can’t remember all the properties and formulae, you can easily derive from these!
• For sequences and series, if you don’t know the answer, try substituting the first few numbers in the given options. It almost always leads to the correct answer.

JEE Main Physics Preparation

This is, arguably, where most students lose marks. But in fact, it is also one of the easiest to score in! There are always direct questions from easy topics like dimensional analysis and error. Even otherwise, physics relies a lot on units and dimensions and it is hence very easy to make educated guesses on the answer.

Do not, again, ignore the easy or less important topics. They always have easy questions from them. For instance, the basic equations of motion are more than enough to tackle any problems from kinematics.

Make calculus your strong point. A lot of questions involve differentiation and integration and will prove difficult if your concepts are unclear.

Everyone says H.C. Verma is the Bible for physics, and there is a reason why they say so. Go through the problems in the book carefully. It’ll help in clearing your concepts. Once you’re done with the same, go for more difficult books like Irodov. (But keep in mind – this is OPTIONAL. It is not necessary to solve Irodov to score well in Mains). Another favorite is Resnick Halliday. It explains all concepts beautifully and would make you fall in love with physics.

Remember, JEE preparation is a marathon, not a sprint. Make studying a habit and keep persevering to reach your goal. Always keep a why in mind – it’ll help motivate you whenever you want to give up. If you work hard enough, there is nothing you can’t achieve.

ALL THE BEST!

The post How To Prepare for JEE Main | JEE Main Preparation 2019 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 6 Maths Notes Chapter 14 Practical Geometry

We use the following tools in drawing geometrical shapes:

• A graduated ruler
• The compasses
• The divider
• Set-squares, and
• The protractor.

In this chapter, we shall consider only “Ruler-and-compass constructions”.

Circle
Every point on the boundary of a circle is at an equal distance from its center.

Construction of a circle when the length of its radius is known
We need to use compasses here.

A Line Segment
We need a ruler here.

Construction of a line segment of a given length
We have to use a ruler for this construction.

Constructing a copy of a given line segment
We may use a ruler or trace paper here. But it is better than we would use ruler and compasses for making, the construction.

Perpendiculars
Two lines or rays or line segments are said to be perpendicular if they intersect such that the angle formed between them is 90°.

Perpendicular to a line through a point on it
It may be drawn in three ways:

• by paper folding,
• using a ruler and a set-square, and
• using a ruler and the compasses.

Perpendicular to a line through a point not on it
Either of the three methods given below may be adopted:

• by paper folding,
• using a ruler and a set-square, and
• using a ruler and the compasses.

The perpendicular bisector of a line segment
There are three methods as given below:

• by paper folding,
• by using transparent tapes, and
• by using ruler and compasses.

Angles
Constructing an angle of a given measure
We use a ruler and a protractor here.

Constructing a copy of an angle of unknown measure
We use a ruler (or a straight edge) and the compasses.

Bisector of an angle
Two methods are possible:

• by paper folding
• by using ruler and compasses

Angles of special measures
There are some elegant and accurate methods to construct some angles of special sizes without using the protractor.
Some of such constructions are:

• Constructing a 60° angle
• Constructing a 30° angle
• Constructing a 120° angle
• Constructing a 150° angle
• Constructing a 90° angle
• Constructing a 45° angle

Class 6 Maths Notes

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GK Questions

General knowledge is an important aspect of a student’s life and though, is not always prescribed in the syllabus but forms an important foundation for the intellectual building. Some important GK questions for Class 5 have been mentioned below. GK Questions will help you in participating in all competitive exams conducted in school and Entrance Exams.

1. Who is the Father of our Nation?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

2. Who was the first President of India?
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad

3. Who is known as Father of Indian Constitution?
Answer: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

4. Which is the most sensitive organ in our body?
Answer: Skin

5. Giddha is the folk dance of?
Answer: Punjab

6. Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.

7. Which is the heavier metal of these two? Gold or Silver?
Answer: Gold

8. Who invented Computer?
Answer: Charles Babbage

9. 1024 Kilobytes is equal to?
Answer: 1 Megabyte (MB)

10. Brain of computer is?
Answer: CPU

11. India lies in which continent?
Answer: Asia

12. Which country are the Giza Pyramids in?
Answer: The Giza Pyramids are in Egypt.

13. What city is the statue of liberty in?
Answer: The statue of liberty is in New York City

14. How many Cricket world cups does India have?
Answer: India has two cricket world cups.

15. Martyrs’ Day is celebrated every year on?
Answer: 30th January

16. Name the first 3 planets in our solar system?
Answer: The first 3 planets in our solar system are mercury, venus, and earth.

17. Which is the longest river on the earth?
Answer: Nile

18. Gir National Park in Gujarat is famous for?
Answer: Lion

19. Which animal has hump on its back?
Answer: Camel

20. Name 3 root vegetables?
Answer: Beets, carrots, and radish are root vegetables.

21. Name the game which is played with bat, ball and wicket?
Answer: Cricket

22. Smallest state of India is?
Answer: Goa

23. Fastest animal on earth is?
Answer: Cheetah

24. Which is the animal referred as the ship of the desert?
Answer: Camel

25. Which plant grows in desert?
Answer: Cactus

26. Highest dam of India is?
Answer: Tehri Dam

27. The total distance around a figure is called its?
Answer: Perimeter

28. A figure with 8 sides is called?
Answer: Octagon

29. What colour symbolises peace?
Answer: The colour white symbolises peace.

30. National Tree of India is?
Answer: Banyan tree

31. Which flower is white in colour?
Answer: Jasmine

32. Agra is situated on the bank of river?
Answer: Yamuna

33. Baby of horse is called?
Answer: Colt

34. National animal of India
Answer: Tiger

35. Shape of Egg is?
Answer: Oval

36. Most widely spoken language in the world is?
Answer: Mandarin (Chinese)

37. Which insect has colourful wings?
Answer: Butterfly

38. Who wrote Romeo and Juliet?
Answer: William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet.

39. Cry of lion is called?
Answer: Roar

40. Name any reptile?
Answer: A lizard is a reptile.

41. Cataract is the disease of?
Answer: Eyes

42. Which organ purify our blood?
Answer: Kidney

43. Who wrote the National Anthem – Jana Gana Mana?
Answer: Rabindra Nath Tagore

44. How many colours are there in India’s National Flag?
Answer: Three

45. Gateway of India is located at?
Answer: Mumbai

46. Who was Albert Einstein?
Answer: Albert Einstein was a famous scientist.

47. What crop is famously grown in the region of Darjeeling?
Answer: The region of Darjeeling is known to grow Tea leaves.

48. Capital of Uttarakhand is?
Answer: Dehradun

49. When do we celebrate our Independence Day?
Answer: 15th August

50. Sun is a?
Answer: Star

51. Which planet is nearest to Earth?
Answer: Venus

52. We get solar energy from?
Answer: Sun

53. What islands are a part of the country of India?
Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands belong to India.

54. Where does a dog live?
Answer: Kennel

55. Which animal is called the ship of the desert?
Answer: Camel

56. Goitre is caused due to the deficiency of?
Answer: Iodine

57. Who was George Washington?
Answer: George Washington was the first president of the United States of America.

58. Longest river in the world is?
Answer: Nile

59. How many players are there in a cricket team?
Answer: 11

60. Largest island in the world is?
Answer: Green Land

61. Which president of the USA is responsible for the Emancipation Proclamation?
Answer: Abraham Lincoln is responsible for the Emancipation Proclamation.

62. LBW is related to which sports?
Answer: Cricket

63. Young one of a cat is called?
Answer: Kitten

64. Which African nation is famous for chocolate?
Answer: The nation of Ghana is world famous for chocolate.

65. Saina Nehwal is associated with which sports?
Answer: Badminton

66. How many days are there in a Leap year?
Answer: 366

67. Olylmpics games are held after every?
Answer: 4 years

68. How many sides are there in a pentagon?
Answer: 5

69. What is King Arthur’s sword called?
Answer: King Arthur’s sword was called Excalibur.

70. A place where bees are kept is called?
Answer: Aviary

71. Which is the biggest sea animal?
Answer: Dolphin

72. Who is the founder of Microsoft?
Answer: Bill Gates is the founder of Microsoft.

73. Who discovered Penicillin?
Answer: Alexander Flemming

74. Who was popularly known as Netaji?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose

75. Which country does the company Sony come from?
Answer: Sony comes from the nation of Japan.

76. Scientific study of birds is called?
Answer: Ornithology

77. Who is the author of the book – Broken Wing?
Answer: Sarojini Naidu

78. Largest desert in the world is?
Answer: Sahara desert

79. In which direction does the sun rise?
Answer: The sun rises from the east.

80. Kuchipudi is the dance form of which state?
Answer: Andhra Pradesh

81. Who was Margaret Thatcher?
Answer: Margaret Thatcher was a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

82. United Nation (UN) day is celebrated on?
Answer: 24th October

83. In which season we wear warm clothes?
Answer: Winter

84. Which bird can not fly?
Answer: Ostrich

85. We should cross the road when the traffic light is?
Answer: Green

86. Place where animals and birds are kept?
Answer: Zoo

87. In which festival we play with colours?
Answer: Holi

88. Which fruit gives us oil?
Answer: Coconut

89. Which jungle is the most dense in the world?
Answer: The Amazon is the densest jungle in the world.

90. The national song
Answer: Vande Mataram

91. The national bird is
Answer: Peacock

92. The national fruit is
Answer: Mango

93. National Education Day
Answer: 11 Nov.

94. Children’s Day
Answer: 14 Nov.

95. Teacher’s Day
Answer: 5 September

96. Which place is known as tea garden of India
Answer: Assam

97. Which is the smallest bird ?
Answer: Humming Bird

98. Which is the largest ocean in the world ?
Answer: Pacific Ocean

99. Which is India’s largest fresh water lake?
Answer: Wular Lake

100. Which is the tallest waterfall in the world ?
Answer: Angel Falls

101. What does UPS stand for?
Answer: Uninterrupted Power Supply

102. Name the four metropolitan cities of India
Answer: Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi

103. Name the birthplace of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: Cuttack in Odisha

104.  What is the boiling point of water?
Answer: 100 degree is the boiling point of water.

105. Narendra Modi was the Chief Minister of which states?
Answer: Gujarat

106. Which state has taken up Sanskrit as an official language?
Answer: Uttarakhand

107. Name the first female Indian Astronaut
Answer: Kalpana Chawla

108. Who was the first Indian to go to space?
Answer: Rakesh Sharma

109. Who was India’s longest serving Prime Minister?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru

110. Which is the smallest continent?
Answer: Australia

111. Who invented the telephone?
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell

112. Which acid is found in lemon?
Answer: Citric Acid

113. What is India’s form of Governance?
Answer: Democracy

114. How many states does India have?
Answer: 29

115. Who was the first Indian Woman to climb Mount Everest?
Answer: Bachendri Pal

116. ‘Madhubani’, a style of folk paintings, is popular in which of the following states in India?
Answer: Bihar

117. Australia lies between which two oceans?
Answer: The Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean

118. Name the 14^th President of India
Answer: Ram Nath Kovind

119. Which Indian woman was the first to win the Nobel Prize?
Answer: Mother Teresa

120.  Who was the inventor of the light bulb?
Answer: Thomas Edison

121. Who is the Finance Minister of India?
Answer: Arun Jaitley

122. What is the national game of USA?
Answer: Baseball

123. What is the full form of NEWS?
Answer: North East West South

124. What is the full form of AM and PM?
Answer: Ante Meridiem and After Midday

125. Who is the Vice President of India?
Answer: Venkaiah Naidu

126. Name the lightest gas
Answer: Hydrogen

127. Who wrote Panchatantra?
Answer: Vishnu Sharma

128. Who was the first Indian to have won the Nobel Prize?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore

129. Name the region that has the oldest rocks
Answer: Aravalli

130. Name the highest mountain peak of India
Answer: Mount Kanchenjunga

131. Entomology is the science that studies
Answer: Insect

132. How many layers are there in Earth’s atmosphere?
Answer: 5

133. Name the biggest planet in our solar system
Answer: Jupiter

134. Which is the largest plateau in the world?
Answer: Tibetan Plateau

135. What is the order of the planets in the Solar System?
Answer: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

136. Who invented the Television?
Answer: John Logie Baird

137. Where is the Ajanta caves situated?
Answer: Maharashtra

138. What is the name of India and Pakistan’s border?
Answer: Radcliffe Line

139. What is the ratio of width to the length of National Flag of India?
Answer: 2:3

140. Which gas commonly known as laughing gas
Answer: Nitrous oxide

141. Gandhi Ji started the Dandi March in which year?
Answer: 1930

142. What is the study of Universe known as?
Answer: Cosmology

143. Why are the leaves of a plant so important?
Answer:  They produce food for the plant through photosynthesis

144. The famous Ganga Sagar Mela an annual fair is held in which state of India?
Answer: West Bengal

145. Who is considered the founder of the Sikh religion?
Answer: Guru Nanak

146. Who was known as the Indian Napoleon?
Answer: Samudragupta

147. Who gave the slogan Do or Die?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

148. What is the distance between Earth and Sun?
Answer: 149.6 Million km

149. Which is the largest country in the world based on the area?
Answer: Russia

150. What is the most spoken language in the world?
Answer: Mandarin or Chinese

151. Which is the longest river in the world?
Answer: Nile

152. Which is the largest bone in the human body?
Answer: Femur, also known as the thighbone

153. Which is the first biosphere reserve in India?
Answer: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

154. Which is the largest freshwater lake in India?
Answer: Wular Lake

155. What is the full form of HTTP?
Answer: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

156. Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
Answer: Mars

157. Place these shapes in order of how many sides they have—square, triangle, octagon, and hexagon?
Answer: Triangle, square, hexagon, octagon

158. Who discovered the theory of relativity?
Answer: Albert Einstein

159. When is Hindi Diwas celebrated?
Answer: September 14^th of every year

160. What is the script for Hindi language?
Answer: Devanagari

161. Who was the most sought-after social reformer after the end of Sati?
Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy

162. What is the name of our galaxy?
Answer: Milk Mekhela also known as the Milky Way

163. What is the percentage of water on the floor of our planet?
Answer: 71 percent

164. When is Earth Day celebrated?
Answer: April 22^nd of each year

165. Which is the longest and shortest river in India?
Answer: Brahmaputra and Tapi, respectively.

166. Name the metals known to the people of Indus Valley Civilisation?
Answer: Copper, bronze, silver and gold

167. Who was the first female Governor of an Indian State?
Answer: Sarojini Naidu

168. Jhum cultivation is a method of cultivation which is used to be practised in which state?
Answer: Nagaland

169.  Which planet is the coldest planet in our solar system?
Answer: Neptune

170. Who was the first Muslim lady to rule the Delhi Throne?
Answer: Razia Sultana

171. Where will you find the largest museum of India?
Answer: Chennai

NCERT Solutions for Class 5 helps you in completing your home work.

The post General Knowledge Questions Every Student Should Know appeared first on Learn CBSE.

GK Questions for Class 2

• How many planets solar system consists- 8
• Who invented the telephone- Alexander Graham Bell
• The energy of sun comes from the fusion of- Hydrogen and Helium
• Who has written the national anthem of India- Rabindranath Tagore
• How many colors are in a rainbow- 7
• Which planet is closest to Earth- Venus
• Moonlight takes time to reach earth- 1.3 Sec
• How many layers are there in atmosphere- 5
• How much time that Sunlight takes to reach Earth- 8 Min 16.6 Sec
• Which planet is called Earth’s twin- Venus
• First Indian to climb Mount Everest- Bachendri Pal
• Mount Everest is located in- Nepal
• Who designed national flag of India- Pingali Venkayya
• Where is the parliament of India- New Delhi
• Char Minar is located in which city- Hyderabad
• Which two major rivers make biggest delta in the world- Ganga and Brahmaputra
• Who gave the title of bapu to Gandhiji- Subash Chandra Bose
• What is the name of the shortest bone in the human body- Stapes
• The longest river in India- Ganga
• How many states are there in India- 28
• What is the national fruit of India- Mango
• Which is national game of India- Hockey 
• Where is Hawa Mahal located- Jaipur
• How many spokes does the wheel in Indian Flag have- 24
• Which is the largest bone in human body- Femur
• What is the ratio of the width of the Indian Flag to its length- 2:3
• After how many days of dussehra, Diwali comes- 20
• Name the Prime Minister of India- Narendra Modi
• How many UT’s in India- 7
• Name the President of India- Ramnath Kovind
• Who is the first citizen of India- President of India
• Who is the 2nd citizen of India- Vice-President of India
• Who is the 3rd citizen of India- Prime Minister of India
• How many continents are in the world- 7
• Who Climbed Mount Everest First- Edmund Hillary, Tenzing Norgay

GK Questions

• GK Questions for Class 3
• GK Questions for Class 4
• GK Questions for Class 5

The post GK Questions for Class 2 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

GK Questions for Class 3

• Moon is a satellite of which planet- Earth
• Baby of kangaroo is called- Joey
• What is the biggest planet in our solar system- Jupiter
• The National Tree of India is- Banyan Tree
• The first president of India was- Dr. Rajendra Prasad
• The highest mountain peak of world- Mount Everest
• The National Fruit of India is- Mango
• Which part of brain is known as biggest one- Cerebrum
• Which river is known as the holy river of India- Ganga
• Name the author of the famous book My country My Life-L.K Advani
• What is the capital of Andaman and Nicobar- Port Blair
• The biggest continent in the world is- Asia
• Which is the smallest country in the world- Vatican City
• Which is the largest bone in human body- Femur
• Which is India’s largest fresh water lake-Wular Lake
• Which are the autumn months in India- October to November
• What is the ful form of SIM- Subscriber Identity Module
• World Environment Day is celebrated on- 5th June.
• Which country has only music and no words in its National Anthem- Bahrain
• Which state in India has the highest literacy rate- Kerala
• What is the ratio of the width of the Indian Flag to its length- 2 :3
• Char Minar is located in which city- Hyderabad
• The author of famous book Harry Potter is- J K Rowling
• Who was the first Women president of India- Ms.Pratibha Patil
• Who is known as the Iron Man Of India- Sardar Vallabhai Patel
• Who has written the national anthem of India- Rabindranath Tagore
• Where is Hawa Mahal located- Jaipur
• Where is the Ajanta and Ellora caves located- Maharashtra
• IST is ahead of GMT By- 5 Hr 30 Min
• Which planet is closest to the Earth- Venus
• What is the name of the shortest bone in the human body- Stapes
• Where is the parliament of India- New Delhi
• Where is Sun temple- Odisha 
• What is the national game of India- Hockey
• When we celebrate Independence Day- 15th August
• When we celebrate Republic Day- 26th January
• Which sport does Sania Mirza play- Tennis
• Which is the festival of colors- Holi
• How many states in India- 29
• How many colors are in a rainbow- 7
• The hottest place in the world- Ethiopia
• Which is the nearest star to Earth- Sun
• What are the two holes in the nose called- Nostrils 
• Who build Taj Mahal- Shah Jahan
• Who designed national flag of India- Pingali Venkayya
• What is the filament in a light bulb made of- Tungsten
• Who is the current President of India- Ram Nath Kovind
• Who is the current Prime Minister of India- Narendra Modi
• Mount Everest located in which country- Nepal
• Who is known as Father of Telephone– Alexander Graham Bell

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Harry Potter PDF in Hindi

Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry’s struggle against Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people).

• हैरी पॉटर और पारस पत्थर
• हैरी पॉटर और रहस्यमयी तोफखाना
• हैरी पॉटर और अल्काबाज का कैदी
• हैरी पॉटर और आग का प्याला
• हैरी पॉटर और मायापंछी का समूह
• हैरी पॉटर और हाफ-ब्लड प्रिंस
• हैरी पॉटर और मौत के तोहफे

SOURCE:- Internet

Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature. As of February 2018, the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been translated into eighty languages.The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.

The series was originally published in English by two major publishers, Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. A play, Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, based on a story co-written by Rowling, premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace Theatre, and its script was published by Little, Brown. The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures, which is the third highest-grossing film series of all time as of February 2018. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $31 billion,making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.

A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming of age, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness.

The success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, a digital platform on which J.K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, among many other developments. Most recently, themed attractions, collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, have been built at several Universal Parks & Resorts amusement parks around the world.

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Child Development and Pedagogy

CTET Child Development and Pedagogy: Distribution of Questions

• Child Development (Primary Stage): 15 Questions
• Concept of Inclusive Education and Understanding Children with Special needs: 5 Questions
• Learning and Pedagogy: 10 Questions

CTET Child Development and Pedagogy Important Topics

• Theories of Intelligence
• Theories of child Development
• Learning theories
• Intelligence theories
• Assessment & Evaluation
• Concepts of Psychology

CTET Child Development and Pedagogy Preparation Tips

• Attempt Mock Tests
• Revise Previous Year Question Paper
• Prepare Thinkers Ideology Well
• Attempt All the Questions

CTET Child Development and Pedagogy Questions

1. The word “Pedagogy” means?
A. to guide the child
B. to lead the child
C. to educate the child
D. to understand the child
Answer: B

2. Pedagogy is the study of
A.Education
B.Guiding Students
C.Learning Process
D.Teaching Methods
Answer: D

3. Which one of the followings indicates child’s physical growth ?
A. Negative
B. Quantitative
C. Qualitative
D. Positive
Answer: B

4. The best method to study growth and development of the child is–
A. Psychoanalytic Method
B. Comparative Method
C. Developmental Method
D. Statistical Method
Answer: C

5. The use of technology to enhance learning process is called __________ in education.
A.IT
B.ICT
C.Information technology
D.Communication technology
Answer: B

6. Term PSRN in development implies–
A. Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy
B. Problem solving relationship and numeracy
C. Perceptual skill, reasoning and numeracy
D. Perceptual skill, relationship and numbers
Answer: C

7. “Individual learns from his own mistakes” This statement is based on which learning theory ?
A. Instrumental conditioning
B. Insight
C. Trial & Error
D. Classical conditioning
Answer: C

8. What should be the role of teacher in meeting the individual differences?
A. Try to know the abilities, interest and aptitude of individuals
B. Try to adjust the curriculum as per the needs of individuals
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of these
Answer: C

9. Teachers should present information to the students clearly and in interesting way, and relate this new information to the things students
A.don’t know
B.already know
C.willing to know
D.not willing to know
Answer: B

10. If a child has mental age of 5 years and chronological age of 4 years than what will be the IQ of child?
A. 125
B. 80
C. 120
D. 100
Answer: A

11. Which of the following statements is not true ?
A. Growth is a biological process
B. Development is a quantitative process
C. Education is a goal-oriented process
D. Learning is a process of behavioural changes
Answer: B

12. Which of the following is not the tool for Formative Assessment in sholastic domain?
A. Conversation Skill
B. Multiple Choice Question
C. Projects
D. Oral Questions
Answer: C

13. According to John Dewey, school is a __________ institution, and education is a __________ process.
A.social, social
B.social, philosophical
C.philosophical, philosophical
D.environmental, psychological
Answer: A

14. Special education is related to–
A. Educational for talented students
B. Educational programmes for disabled
C. Training programmes for Teachers
D. Training programme for retarded
Answer: B

15. Which of the following statement is not true in case of multiple choice questions ?
A. Even an inexperienced teacher can prepare the questions easily
B. All choices appear to be plausible
C. Error-free and quick evaluation is possible by computer
D. Only one of the choices is the correct answer
Answer: A

16. According to John Dewey, schools must prepare students for
A.research
B.future life
C.present life
D.entrepreneurship
Answer: C

17. What type of evaluation identifies learning deficiencies and difficulties of the learners ?
A. Placement
B. Summative
C. Continuous
D. Diagnostic
Answer: D

18. As people grow older, the __________ of learning declines.
A.power
B.speed
C.quality
D.quantity
Answer: B

19. Both the chronological age and the mental age of a pupil is 7 years. He may be classified into which category ?
A. Below normal intelligence
B. Normal intelligence
C. Superior intelligence
D. Genius
Answer: B

20. Which from the following should be used to increase correct responses and appropriate behavior?
A.Ignorance
B.Strictness
C.Reward
D.Praise
Answer: D

21. Which is different from the other three with respect to fine motor Movement ?
A. Dot Joining
B. Dictation
C. Handwriting
D. Separation of fruits and vegetables
Answer: D

22. At the pre-primary stage reading aloud while writing is given importance. This is based on which theory of learning ?
A. Trial & Error
B. Conditioning
C. Insight
D. Imitation
Answer: B

23. According to Emile, the noblest work in education is to make a/an
A.thinker
B.entrepreneur
C.good citizen
D.reasoning man
Answer: C

24. Which one of the following is not taken into consideration while preparing the blue-print for a test ?
A. Topic
B. Instructional objectives
C. From of questions
D. Teaching time
Answer: D

25. The field of study concerned with the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making is called
A.Pedagogy
B.Education
C.Epistemology
D.Cognitive Development
Answer: D

26. Psycology is a —————.
A. science of soul
B. science of mind
C. science of consciousness
D. science of behaviour
Answer: D

27. The more often a particular ability is used the __________ it becomes.
A.weaker
B.stronger
C.less important
D.more important
Answer: B

28. Which is not a factor of motivation ?
A. Prize
B. Incentive
C. Praise
D. Practice
Answer: D

29. The longer a particular ability is unused the __________ it becomes.
A.weaker
B.stronger
C.less important
D.more important
Answer: A

30. What is the stage from 2 to 6 years called ?
A. Pre-childhood
B. Infancy
C. Later childhood
D. Pre-adolescence
Answer: A

31. According to Jean Piaget, children develop abstract logic and reasoning skill during
A.Sensorimotor stage
B.Preoperational stage
C.Formal operational stage
D.Concrete operational stage
Answer: C

32. The teacher studies pupils group behaviour mainly by which of the following methods ?
A. Interview
B. Experimentation
C. Case history
D. Observation
Answer: D

33. Children are usually egocentric during __________ and __________ stages.
A.Sensorimotor, Preoperational
B.Formal operational, Sensorimotor
C.Preoperational, Concrete operational
D.Concrete operational, Formal operational
Answer: A

34. Which one does not indicate child’s emotion ?
A. Pleasure
B. Sorrow
C. Curiosity
D. Tolerance
Answer: D

35. According to Jean Piaget, children are no longer egocentric when entering
A.Sensorimotor stage
B.Preoperational stage
C.Formal operational stage
D.Concrete operational stage
Answer: D

36. Which one is not an element of intellectual development ?
A. Creativity
B. Tolerance
C. Thinking
D. Imagination
Answer: B

37. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the Concrete operational stage starts at age
A.1
B.3
C.5
D.7
Answer: D

38. Which class of learners are not included under “Exceptional Category” ?
A. Slow
B. Retarded
C. Normal
D. Gifted
Answer: C

39. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the Formal operational stage starts at age
A.5
B.6
C.7
D.8
Answer: C

40. Which one of the following is not an element of mastery learning ?
A. Use of alternate text-book
B. Alternate methods of teaching
C. Child-centred learning activity
D. Group teaching
Answer: D

41. The more parts of your brain you use, the more likely you are to __________ information.
A.use
B.miss
C.retain
D.misuse
Answer: C

42. Which one of the following is measured by continuous comprehensive evaluation ?
A. Holisitic development
B. Development of creativity
C. Development of experience
D. Development of divergent thinking
Answer: A

43. The conclusion of a deductive argument is
A.certain
B.probable
C.experience
D.observation
Answer:

44. Which of the following is a dimensional teaching aid ?
A. Black Board
B. Display Board
C. Still Picture
D. Model
Answer: D

45. The most recent response is most likely to
A.forget
B.reoccur
C.compromised
D.not occur again
Answer: B

46. Rousseau advocated an educational method which consisted of removing the child from
A.school
B.burden
C.society
D.past memory
Answer: C

47. Who advocated removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state?
A.Plato
B.Socrates
C.Aristotle
D.John Locke
Answer: A

48. The Waldorf education approach emphasizes a balanced development of
A.head and heart
B.heart and hands
C.head and hands
D.head, heart, and hands
Answer: D

49. Plato believed that talent and intelligence are
A.distributed genetically
B.distributed gender-wise
C.not distributed genetically
D.not distributed gender-wise
Answer: C

50. A priori knowledge is knowledge that is known independently of
A.analysis
B.evidence
C.experience
D.information
Answer: C

51. A posteriori knowledge is knowledge that is known by
A.analysis
B.evidence
C.experience
D.information
Answer: C

52. According to John Locke, a child’s mind does not contain any
A.memory
B.imagination
C.observation
D.innate ideas
Answer: D

53. The philosopher who for the first time mentioned the importance of play (or sports) in education was
A.Plato
B.Aristotle
C.Socrates
D.John Locke
Answer: B

54. We calculate average marks of a student in the way as we calculate
A.variance
B.arithmetic mean
C.geometric mean
D.standard deviation
Answer: B

55. The concept of pragmatism in educational philosophy says that education should be about
A.virtue
B.obedience
C.life and growth
D.shaping good citizens
Answer: C

56. The idea of practical learning means education should apply to the
A.society
B.practice
C.real world
D.abstract knowledge
Answer: C

57. An aspect of pragmatism is experiential learning, which says, education should come through
A.practice
B.experience
C.knowledge
D.observations
Answer: B

58. The concept of perennialism in education means school curricula should focus on what is
A. in need
B. in demand
C. important
D. everlasting
Answer: D

59. According to John Dewey, children should experience __________in school to make them better citizens.
A.practical implementation
B.democracy
C.discipline
D.rules
Answer: B

60. Progressivism believes that education comes from the experience of the
A.child
B.teacher
C.society
D.principal
Answer: A

61. The idea of teaching the whole child in the “philosophy of pragmatism in education” means teaching students to be good
A.citizens
B.thinkers
C.learners
D.scientists
Answer: A

62. Progressivism believes that children learn in a/an
A.isolation
B.community
C.competition
D.closed environment
Answer: B

63. The curriculum of educational institutes should be based on
A.theory
B.practice
C.theory and practice
D.theory, practice and research
Answer: C

CTET Child Development and Pedagogy Books

• Child Development & Pedagogy – Shalini Punjabi
• CTET Central Teacher Eligibility Test Success Master Paper – Arihant Experts
• CTET Central Teacher Eligibility Test Practice Workbook Mathematics and Science – Disha Experts

Best Books for CTET

• CTET Books for Mathematics – Quantitative Aptitude For Competitive Examinations, Edition: 7
• CTET Books for Hindi – Arihant Publication
• CTET Books for Environmental Studies – Wiley Publication
• CTET Books for English and Pedagogy – Geeta Sahni (Pearson Publication)
• CTET Books for Social Studies – Disha Publication

GK Questions

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TERI Green Olympiad

GREEN Olympiad is an annual written examination on environment initiated by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in 1999. GREEN Olympiad exam is conducted by Environment Education & Awareness Area (EEA) of TERI and attracts participation from school students across India and abroad. Green Olympiad is open only for schools affiliated to recognized education boards and educational trusts. Students enrolled in such schools from Class 9 and Class 10 can appear in this examination.

Green Olympiad Sample Papers

• Sample Paper: Level 1 – Class IV-V
• Sample Paper: Level 2 – Class VI-VIII
• Sample Paper: Level 3 – Class IX-X
• Sample Paper: Level 1 – Class IV-V
• Sample Paper: Level 2 – Class VI-VIII
• Sample Paper: Level 3 – Class IX-X
• GREEN OLMYPIAD SAMPLE QUESTION
• ANSWER KEY SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
• GREEN Olympiad SAMPLE QUESTIONS 2013
• Green Olypiad Sample Paper LEVEL –I (Classes 4 & 5)
• Green Olypiad Sample Paper LEVEL 2 (Classes 6-8)
• Green Olypiad Sample Paper Level 3 (Classes 9-10)

Green Olympiad Previous Year Papers

• Green Olympiad 2014 Question Paper
• Green Olympiad 2013 Question Paper
• Green Olympiad 2012 Question Paper
• Green Olympiad 2011 Question Paper
• Green Olympiad 2010 Question Paper
• Green Olympiad 2009 Question Paper

GK Questions

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Environment Quiz

Environment stands for surrounding and it has been defined as the sum total of all conditions and influences that affect the development of an organism. Here, we are giving the Environment Quiz Questions with answers on the Basic Concepts of Environment and Ecology in the form of multiple choice questions which strengthen the knowledge of aspirants who are preparing for the competitive Exams.

Environment Quiz Questions 1 to 10

1. Name the atmospheric layer closest to the ground
A.Troposphere
B.Mesosphere
C.Thermosphere
D.Stratosphere
Answer: Troposphere

2. The most abundant gas on the earth’s atmosphere is
A.Oxygen
B.Carbon
C.Nitrogen
D.Hydrogen
Answer: Nitrogen

3. What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?
A.Mesosphere
B.Thermosphere
C.Exosphere
D.Troposphere
Answer: Troposphere

4. An altitude of 100 kilometres (62 mi; 330,000 ft) above the Earth’s sea level marks the beginning of space where human travellers are considered astronauts. What is it called?
A.Appleton–Barnett layer
B.Karman line
C.Heaviside layer
D.Van Allen belts
Answer: Karman line

5. The study of weather is called?
A.meteorology
B.climatology
C.aeronomy
D.aerology
Answer: meteorology

6. Which one of the following is NOT a primary layer of the atmosphere?
A.Mesosphere
B.Troposphere
C.Exosphere
D.Stratosphere
Answer: Exosphere

7. A millimetre of mercury is a manometric unit of pressure, defined as precisely 133.322387415 pascals. What is the symbol for a millimetre of mercury?
A.hhMg
B.MPA
C.mmHg
D.inHg
Answer: mmHg

8. Name the atmospheric layer that is completely cloudless and free of water vapor.
A.Exosphere
B.Troposphere
C.Thermosphere
D.Stratosphere
Answer: Thermosphere

9. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth’s atmosphere that absorbs most of the Sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Which layer of the atmosphere contains ozone layer?
A.Troposphere
B.Mesosphere
C.Thermosphere
D.Stratosphere
Answer: Stratosphere

10. What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level as defined by the International Standard Atmosphere?
A.101325 pascals
B.14.6959 pascals
C.1013 pascals
D.984.43 pascals
Answer: 101325 pascals

Environment Quiz Questions 11 to 30

11. Who coined the word ‘ecology’?
a. Ernst Haeckel
b. Charles Darwin
c. Gregory Mendel
Answer: a

12. What are saprophytes?
a. Living beings that feed on the sap from tree bark
b. Living beings that feed on dead or decayed organic matter
c. Living beings that feed on other living beings.
Answer: b

13. Who are ethologists?
a. Scientists who study about ethos
b. Scientists who study about the behaviour of wild animals
c. Scientists who study about the behaviour of animals in a particular eco system.
Answer: b

14. What are terricolous animals?
a. Animals that live in a particular territory
b. Animals that live on high mountains
c. Animals that live in the soil
Answer: c

15. What are arboreal animals?
a. Animals living in trees
b. Animals living in water
c. Animals living in marshy lands
Answer: a

16. Who is known as the father of evolution?
a. Gregory Mendel
b. Charles Darwin
c. Albert Einstein
Answer: b

17. Which of the following is an amphibian?
a. Salamanders
b. Lizards
c. Fish
Answer: a

18. What is the safe level of noise intensity for humans?
a. Up to 90 decibels
b. up to 70 decibels
c. up to 80 decibels
Answer: c

19. The region of air close to the earth and extending up to 10km high is called
a. Atmosphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Troposphere
Answer: c

20. What are planktons?
a. Plants living in water
b. Very small plants and animals living in water
c. Very small animals living on land
Answer: b

21. What is the meaning of the term ‘abyssopelagic’?
a. Organisms living at water depths greater than 2000 m
b. Organisms living at water depths greater than 4000 m
c. Organisms living at water depths greater than 3000m
Answer: b

22. The production of light by living beings is known as
a. Bio-luminescence
b. Bio-lighting
c. Bio-fluorescence
Answer: a

23. Which country is popularly knowns as ‘land of the windmills’?
a. The Netherlands
b. Poland
c. Norway
Answer: a

24. Who was the first man to travel in space?
a. Edwin Aldrin
b. Neil Armstrong
c. Yuri Gagarin
Answer: c

25. Which instrument is used to measure wind velocity?
a. Barometer
b. Anemometer
c. Hygrometer
Answer: b

26. What is the instrument used to detect earthquakes?
a. Radiometer
b. Barometer
c. Seismograph
Answer: c

27. What is the unit in which radio activity is measured?
a. Newton
b. Roentgen
c. Decibel
Answer: b

28. The region of the atmosphere above 400 km and higher is known as
a. Exosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Thermosphere
Answer: a

29. The major diet of pandas is
a. Acacia leave
b. Bamboo
c. Grass
Answer: b

30. Which of the following is not an endangered animal?
a. Siberian tiger
b. Loggerhead turtle
c. The Maned Wolf.
Answer: c

Environment Quiz Questions 31 to 60

31.Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film which tells the story of the fish named Marlin who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory, searches for his abducted son Nemo all the way to Sydney Harbour. What species of a fish is Nemo?
A.Godfish
B.Clownfish
C.surgeonfish
D.Blowfish
Answer​ – Clownfish

32.The film ‘Happy Feet’ features a species of penguins that inhabit the continent of Antarctica. Name this species of penguin.
A.King Penguin
B.Gentoo Penguin
C.Emperor Penguin
D.Little blue penguin
Answer​ – Emperor Penguin

33.World Wetlands Day is observed on
A.February 2
B.February 28
C.February 22
D.February 12
Answer​ – February 2

34.Agrostology is the study of
A.Plants
B.Agriculture
C.Algae
D.Grasses
Answer​ – Grasses

35.What does an anemologist study?
A.Animals
B.Names
C.Wind
D.Atoms
Answer​ – Wind

36.Name the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India
A.Gurudongmar Lake
B.Loktak Lake
C.Lake Tsongmo
D.Dipor Beel
Answer​ – Loktak Lake

37.Do you know the only floating park in the world, located in North East India?
A.Keibul Lamjao National Park
B.Kanchendzonga National Park
C.Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
D.Manas National Park
Answer​ – Keibul Lamjao National Park

38.The sangai is an endemic, rare and endangered subspecies of brow-antlered deer. In which state it is found?
A.Gujarat
B.Sikkim
C.Manipur
D.Meghalaya
Answer​ – Manipur

39.The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.[1] It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. What does Ramsar stand for?
A.An environmentalist
B.A city
C.An endangered animal
D.A Greek God
Answer​ – A city

40.Which of these areas has been designated as the area with the greatest concentration of marine biodiversity on planet Earth?
A.Raja Ampat, Indonesia
B.Great Barrier Reef, Australia
C.Andaman Islands, India
D.Galapagos islands
Answer​ – Raja Ampat, Indonesia

41.This islands are famed for their vast number of endemic species and were studied by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle.
A.Raja Ampat, Indonesia
B.Great Barrier Reef, Australia
C.Andaman Islands, India
D.Galapagos islands
Answer​ – Galapagos islands

42.The Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles” is a novella by American author Herman Melville which consists of ten philosophical “Sketches” on the islands. Which one of the following is referred to as Enchanded Isles?
A.Andaman Islands, India
B.Galapagos islands
C.Coronado Island
D.Greenland
Answer​ – Galapagos islands

43.The microbes that are active at low temperatures
A.thermophiles
B.Mesophiles
C.Psychrophiles
D.neutrophiles
Answer​ – Psychrophiles

44.Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) describes which phenomenon?
A.Indoor air pollution
B.Indoor water pollution
C.Indoor noise pollution
D.All the above
Answer​ – Indoor air pollution

45.The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others
A.Kinetic energy
B.Potential energy
C.Chemical energy
D.Positional energy
Answer​ – Potential energy

46.The outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere or the upper limit of the atmosphere is
A.Thermosphere
B.Exosphere
C.Ionosphere
D.Mesosphere
Answer​ – Exosphere

47.To be classified as a hurricane in the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), a tropical cyclone must have maximum sustained winds of at least
A.74 mph
B.100 mph
C.50 mph
D.80 mph
Answer​ – 74 mph

48.The injection of fertilizers, soil amendments, and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system is termed as
A.Fertilization
B.Fertigation
C.Drip irrigation
D.Foliar feeding
Answer​ – Fertigation

49.What does UNEP stand for?
A.United Nations Educational Plan
B.United Nations Environmental Protection
C.United Nations Environmental Programme
D.United Nations Environmental Policy
Answer​ – United Nations Environmental Programme

50.The head quarters of UNEP is at

A New York
B.Geneva
C.Sockholm
D.Nairobi
Answer​ – Nairobi

51.Name the intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations that shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore, former U.S. Vice President
A.WTO
B.UNEP
C.UNESCO
D.IPCC
Answer​ – IPCC

52.Who was the Chairman of IPCC in 2007 when it was awarded Nobel Peace Prize?
A.Hoesung Lee
B.RK Pachauri
C.Bert Bolin
D.Robert Watson
Answer​ -RK Pachauri

53.Which camel species has two humps on its back?
A.Arabian camel
B.Australian camel
C.Bactrian camel
D.dromedary camels
Answer​ – Bactrian camel

54.OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries which was founded at a meeting on September 14, 1960. Which one of the following was NOT a founding member?
A.Qatar
B.Iran
C.Iraq
D.Venezuela
Answer​ – Qatar

55.By 2040, the world s population is expected to rise to approximately
A.7 billion
B.9 billion
C.12 billion
D.20 billion
Answer​ – 9 billion

56.Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched by the Government of India ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and also to protect them from extinction. Which year it was launched?
A.1973
B.1975
C.1978
D.1970
Answer​ – 1973

57.Name India’s first national park
A.Manas National Park
B.Gir Forest National Park
C.Bandhavgarh National Park
D.Hailey National Park
Answer​ – Hailey National Park

58.Which state in India has got its own Wildlife Act and not covered under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972?
A.Kerala
B.Karnataka
C.Jammu and Kashmir
D.Assam
Answer​ – Jammu and Kashmir

59.The Hollywood movie “Jurassic Park” was based on the novel with the same name written by
A.Robin Cook
B.Michael Crichton
C.Agatha Christie
D.Jules Verne
Answer​ – Michael Crichton

60.The first asteroid, today known as the largest member of the asteroid belt, was discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801. Name the asteroid.
A.Ceres
B.Vesta
C.Pallas
D.Hygiea
Answer​ – Ceres

Environment Quiz Questions 61 to 90

61.Which is the longest mountain range in the world?
A Karakoram
B.Rockies
C.Himalayas
D.Andes
Answer : Andes

62.Which country ratified the Kyoto Protocol in late 2004 and thus caused it to become an international law?
A.US
B.Russia
C.Japan
D.France
Answer : Russia

63.The natural process of the atmosphere heating through the trapping of re-radiated infrared radiation is known as
A. The green house effect
B. Thermal inversion
C. Solar heating
D. Global warming
Answer : The green house effect

64.About how much of the wold’s land area is tropical rainforests?
A.2 per cent
B.7 per cent
C.10 per cent
D.15 per cent
Answer :

65.Temperate forests are likely to have which of the following species of trees?
A.Pine
B.Spruce
C.Redwood
D.All the above
Answer : All the above

66.In what type of bioregion is desertification is most likely to occur?
A.Tropical Forests
B.Temperate Forests
C.Coniferous Forests
D.Grasslands
Answer : Grasslands

67.Around the North Pole of Earth, tiny electrically charged particles high in the atmosphere react with rays from the sun to create beautiful sheets of light. Theser are called
A.Aurora Borealis
B.Aurora Australis
C.Aurora Solaris
D.None of the above
Answer : Aurora Borealis

68.PVC is a very toxic form of plastic. What is the full form of PVC?
A.Plastic vinyl compounds
B.Polymer vinyl chloride
C.Polyvinyl chloride
D.Polyvinyl camphor
Answer : Polyvinyl chloride

69.Which Bollywood actor was the ambassador of the Earth Hour 2009 in India?
A.Shahrukh Khan
B.Naseruddin Shah
C.Anupam Kher
D.Aamir Khan
Answer : Aamir Khan

70.Which of the following materials can be recovered from the recycling of soft drink cans?
A.Paper
B.Plastic
C.Metal
D.Glass
Answer : Metal

71. Coined the word ‘ecology’?
A. Ernst Haeckel
B. Charles Darwin
C. Gregory Mendel
D. Albert Einstein
Answer : Ernst Haeckel

72. What are saprophytes?
A Living beings that feed on the sap from tree bark
B. Living beings that feed on dead or decayed organic matter
C. Living beings that feed on other living beings.
D. Living beings that feed on dead or decayed inorganic matter
Answer : Living beings that feed on dead or decayed organic matter

73. Who are ethologists?
A. Scientists who study about ethos
B. Scientists who study about the behaviour of wild animals
C. Scientists who study about the behaviour of animals in a particular eco system.
D. Scientists who study about the
Answer : Scientists who study about the behaviour of wild animals

74. What are terricolous animals?
A. Animals that live in a particular territory
B. Animals that live on high mountains
C. Animals that live in the soil
D. Animals that live in a particular region
Answer : Animals that live in the soil

75. What are arboreal animals?
A. Animals living in trees
B Animals living in water
C. Animals living in marshy lands
D. Animals living in water and land
Answer : Animals living in trees

76. Who is known as the father of evolution?
A. Gregory Mendel
B. Charles Darwin
C. Albert Einstein
D. Ernst Haeckel
Answer : Charles Darwin

77.Which of the following is an amphibian?
A. Salamanders
B. Lizards
C. Fish
D. Snake
Answer : Salamanders

78. What is the safe level of noise intensity for humans?
A. Up to 90 decibels
B. up to 70 decibels
C. up to 80 decibels
D. Up to 60 decibels
Answer : up to 80 decibels

79. The region of air close to the earth and extending up to 10km high is called
A. Atmosphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Troposphere
D. Barometer
Answer : Troposphere

80. What are planktons?
A. Plants living in water
B. Very small plants and animals living in water
C. Very small animals living on land
D. Plants living on land
Answer : Very small plants and animals living in water

81. What is the meaning of the term ‘abyssopelagic’?
A. Organisms living at water depths greater than 2000 m
B. Organisms living at water depths greater than 4000 m
C. Organisms living at water depths greater than 3000m
D. Organisms living at water depths greater than 1000m
Answer : Organisms living at water depths greater than 4000 m

82. The production of light by living beings is known as
A. Bio-luminescence
B. Bio-lighting
C. Bio-fluorescence
D. Bio-diversity
Answer : Bio-luminescence

83. Which country is popularly knowns as ‘land of the windmills’?
A. The Netherlands
B. Poland
C. Norway
D. Japan
Answer : The Netherlands

84. Who was the first man to travel in space?
A. Edwin Aldrin
B. Neil Armstrong
C. Yuri Gagarin
D. Gregory Mendel
Answer : Yuri Gagarin

85. Which instrument is used to measure wind velocity?
A. Barometer
B. Anemometer
C. Hygrometer
D. Radiometer
Answer : Anemometer

86. What is the instrument used to detect earthquakes?
A. Radiometer
B. Barometer
C. Seismograph
D. Anemometer
Answer : Seismograph

87. What is the unit in which radio activity is measured?
A. Newton
B. Roentgen
C. Decibel
D. Gagarin
Answer : Roentgen

88. The region of the atmosphere above 400 km and higher is known as
A. Exosphere
B. Mesosphere
C. Thermosphere
D. Atmosphere
Answer : Exosphere

89. The major diet of pandas is
A. Acacia leave
B. Bamboo
C. Grass
D. Tree
Answer : Bamboo

90. Which of the following is not an endangered animal?
A. Siberian tiger
B. Loggerhead turtle
C. The Maned Wolf
D. Indian tiger
Answer : The Maned Wolf

Environment Quiz Questions 91 to 115

91. The non-point pollution of river water involves discharge of pollutants through
a) urban sewage drains
b) industrial effluents
c) agricultural fields
d) both (a) and (b)
Answer: c) agricultural fields

92. With reference to forest ecosystems, consider the following statements :
1. The number pyramid is neither inverted nor upward.
2. The biomass pyramid is inverted.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: a) 1 only

93. Man causes soil erosion through
1. use of improper ploughing methods.
2. leaving roots of crop in the field after harvest.
3. practicing trash farming.
4. use of heavy machines.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Answer: b) 1 and 4 only

94. Which of the following is a part of the biogeochemical cycle ?
1. soils
2. plants
3. atmosphere
4. oceans
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 ,3 and 4 only
c) 2 ,3 and 4 only
d) 1 ,2, 3 and 4
Answer: d) 1 ,2, 3 and 4

95. Which of the following evidences support the theory of gradual rise in air temperature and consequent global warming?
1. spreading of tropical diseases towards temperate regions.
2. downward shifting of snow lines of tropical mountains.
3. freezing of permafrost areas.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only
Answer: a) 1 only

96. In ecological terms, what does the term “standing crop” signify ?
a) total weight of whole organic matter
b) total weight of heterotrops
c) total area covered by crops
d) None of the above
Answer: a) total weight of whole organic matter

97. Biofuels are fuels extracted from plants and crops and these have various advantages. These include
1. increasing agricultural diversity.
2. reduced use of fertilizers.
3. renewable source of energy.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: b) 3 only

98. Which among these would increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ?
1. deforestation
2. burning of firewood
3. automobiles
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d) 1, 2 and 3

99. The sources of mercury pollution include
1. coal fired thermal power plants.
2. supersonic jets.
3. automobiles.
4. waste incinerators
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1 and 4 only
Answer: b) 1, 3 and 4 only

100. The energy flow in an ecosystem is :
1. unidirectional
2. non-cyclic
3. cyclic
4. bidirectional
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 3 and 4 only
Answer: a) 1 and 2 only

101. A balanced ecosystem is one in which the
1. number of organisms at all levels is equal.
2. amount of biomass at all trophic levels is equal.
3. organisms are interdependent on each other.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) none
Answer: d) none

102. Ozone depletion would impact the plant community in several ways. These include :
1. increase in photosynthesis
2. decline in water use efficiency
3. decline in yield of plants
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: c) 2 and 3 only

103. With to the IUCN classification, extinct species are those which have been:
1. completely eliminated from wild areas.
2. completely eliminated from managed areas.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: c) Both 1 and 2

104. Which among these is/are a cryogenic indicator of climate change ?
1. ice sheets and ice chores
2. sea level changes
3. lacustrine deposists
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: a) 1 only

105. The Great Indian Bustard is a critically endangered species. Its population has been declining due to
1. habitat loss
2. frequent poaching
3. construction of windmills
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d) 1, 2 and 3

106. The National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) run by Central Pollution Control Board, monitors which of the following pollutants at all locations ?
1. carbon dioxide
2. sulphur dioxide
3. oxides of nitrogen
4. suspended particulate matter
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 ,3 and 4 only
c) 2 ,3 and 4 only
d) 1 ,2, and 4 only
Answer: c) 2 ,3 and 4 only

107. With reference to Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), consider the following statements:
1. BOD is a measurement of consumed oxygen by aquatic microorganisms to decompose organic matter.
2. COD refers to the requirement of dissolved oxygen for the oxidation of organic constituents.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer; a) 1 only

108. The ecological processes follow the principle of uniformitarianism. This means :
a) the ecological processes have a uniform effect
b) same physical and biological processes that operates today operated in the past.
c) physical and biological processes operate with a uniform rate
d) None of the above
Answer: b) same physical and biological processes that operates today operated in the past.

109. Fertlizers are added to supply mainly three nutrients – Nitrogne (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K). Biofertlizers can supply which of these nutrients?
1. Nitrogen
2. Phosphorous
3. Potassium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d) 1, 2 and 3

110. Which among the following are mechanical method of soil conservation ?
1. bunding
2. terracing
3. contour farming
4. stubble mulching
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 ,3 and 4 only
c) 2 ,3 and 4 only
d) 1 ,2, and 4 only
Answer: a) 1, 2 and 3 only

111. Which of the following is/are have been provided for in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972?
1. National Parks
2. Wildlife Sanctuaries
3. Biosphere Reserves
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 2 and 3 only
Answer: b) 1 and 2 only

112. Which of the following Tiger reserves is/are also a National Park ?
1. Manas
2. Indravati
3. Namdapha
4. Sariska
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1,2 and 3 only
b) 1,3 and 4 only
c) 2,3 and 4 only
d) 1,2,3 and 4
Answer: d) 1,2,3 and 4

113. The brown haze dome formed in cities is because of which gas?
a) sulphur dioxide.
b) nitrogen oxide.
c) carbon dioxide.
d) volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Answer: b) nitrogen oxide

114. Water in a wetland can be:
1. Fresh
2. Brackish
3. Static
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer : d) 1, 2 and 3

115. A biofertilizer helps in increasing the supply of primary nutrients to plants. Which of the following is/are examples of biofertilizers?
1. Azotobacter
2. Rhizobium
3. Azospirillium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d) 1, 2 and 3

The post Environment Quiz appeared first on Learn CBSE.

GK Questions for Class 1

1. How many months do we have in a year?
Answer: 12 months

2. How many days do we have in a week?
Answer: 7 days

3. How many days are there in a year?
Answer: 365 days

4. What is 2+2?
Answer: 4

5.Which number comes after 6?
Answer: 7

6. How many colors are there in a rainbow?
Answer: 7

7. What are your ears for?
Answer: Listening/hearing.

8. Which day comes after Friday?
Answer: Saturday

9. We use our eyes to — see, hear, feel, eat?
Answer: See

10. What is 5+3?
Answer: 8

GK Questions

• GK Questions for Class 2
• GK Questions for Class 3
• GK Questions for Class 4
• GK Questions for Class 5
• GK Questions for Class 6
• Environment Quiz

The post GK Questions for Class 1 appeared first on Learn CBSE.

CBSE Class 11 Maths Notes Chapter 1 Sets

Set
A set is a well-defined collection of objects.

Representation of Sets
There are two methods of representing a set

• Roster or Tabular form In the roster form, we list all the members of the set within braces { } and separate by commas.
• Set-builder form In the set-builder form, we list the property or properties satisfied by all the elements of the sets.

Types of Sets
Empty Sets: A set which does not contain any element is called an empty set or the void set or null set and it is denoted by {} or Φ.

Singleton Set: A set consists of a single element, is called a singleton set.

Finite and infinite Set: A set which consists of a finite number of elements, is called a finite set, otherwise the set is called an infinite set.

Equal Sets: Two sets A and 6 are said to be equal, if every element of A is also an element of B or vice-versa, i.e. two equal sets will have exactly the same element.

Equivalent Sets: Two finite sets A and 6 are said to be equal if the number of elements are equal, i.e. n(A) = n(B)

Subset
A set A is said to be a subset of set B if every element of set A belongs to set B. In symbols, we write
A ⊆ B, if x ∈ A ⇒ x ∈ B

Note:

• Every set is o subset of itself.
• The empty set is a subset of every set.
• The total number of subsets of a finite set containing n elements is 2ⁿ.

Intervals as Subsets of R
Let a and b be two given real numbers such that a < b, then

• an open interval denoted by (a, b) is the set of real numbers {x : a < x < b}.
• a closed interval denoted by [a, b] is the set of real numbers {x : a ≤ x ≤ b}.
• intervals closed at one end and open at the others are known as semi-open or semi-closed interval and denoted by (a, b] is the set of real numbers {x : a < x ≤ b} or [a, b) is the set of real numbers {x : a ≤ x < b}.

Power Set
The collection of all subsets of a set A is called the power set of A. It is denoted by P(A). If the number of elements in A i.e. n(A) = n, then the number of elements in P(A) = 2ⁿ.

Universal Set
A set that contains all sets in a given context is called the universal set.

Venn-Diagrams
Venn diagrams are the diagrams, which represent the relationship between sets. In Venn-diagrams the universal set U is represented by point within a rectangle and its subsets are represented by points in closed curves (usually circles) within the rectangle.

Operations of Sets
Union of sets: The union of two sets A and B, denoted by A ∪ B is the set of all those elements which are either in A or in B or in both A and B. Thus, A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}.

Intersection of sets: The intersection of two sets A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, is the set of all elements which are common to both A and B.
Thus, A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}

Disjoint sets: Two sets Aand Bare said to be disjoint, if A ∩ B = Φ.

Intersecting or Overlapping sets: Two sets A and B are said to be intersecting or overlapping if A ∩ B ≠ Φ

Difference of sets: For any sets A and B, their difference (A – B) is defined as a set of elements, which belong to A but not to B.
Thus, A – B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∉ B}
also, B – A = {x : x ∈ B and x ∉ A}

Complement of a set: Let U be the universal set and A is a subset of U. Then, the complement of A is the set of all elements of U which are not the element of A.
Thus, A’ = U – A = {x : x ∈ U and x ∉ A}

Some Properties of Complement of Sets

• A ∪ A’ = ∪
• A ∩ A’ = Φ
• ∪’ = Φ
• Φ’ = ∪
• (A’)’ = A

Symmetric difference of two sets: For any set A and B, their symmetric difference (A – B) ∪ (B – A)
(A – B) ∪ (B – A) defined as set of elements which do not belong to both A and B.
It is denoted by A ∆ B.
Thus, A ∆ B = (A – B) ∪ (B – A) = {x : x ∉ A ∩ B}.

Laws of Algebra of Sets
Idempotent Laws: For any set A, we have

• A ∪ A = A
• A ∩ A = A

Identity Laws: For any set A, we have

• A ∪ Φ = A
• A ∩ U = A

Commutative Laws: For any two sets A and B, we have

• A ∪ B = B ∪ A
• A ∩ B = B ∩ A

Associative Laws: For any three sets A, B and C, we have

• A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C
• A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C

Distributive Laws: If A, B and Care three sets, then

• A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
• A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

De-Morgan’s Laws: If A and B are two sets, then

• (A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
• (A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’

Formulae to Solve Practical Problems on Union and Intersection of Two Sets
Let A, B and C be any three finite sets, then

• n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n (B) – n(A ∩ B)
• If (A ∩ B) = Φ, then n (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B)
• n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A ∩ B)
• n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

Class 11 Maths Notes

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